Auditory perception and cycling safety (PPT)

Delft University of Technology

Auditory perception and cycling safety (PPT)

Stelling, Agnieszka; Hagenzieker, Marjan; van Wee, Bert

Publication date 2016

Document Version Final published version

Citation (APA)

Stelling, A., Hagenzieker, M., & van Wee, B. (2016). Auditory perception and cycling safety (PPT). 6th International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology, Brisbane, Australia.

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SWOV

Auditory perception

and cycling safety

Agnieszka Stelling

Marjan Hagenzieker

Bert van Wee

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016

Traffic sounds and

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016

Use of auditory information by cyclists more challenging • Portable electronic devices:

– ♫ and

– deteriorated auditory perception1

• Electric cars

– target: 1 million in 2025 in the Netherlands2 – problem with auditory detection3

Problem

What is the impact?

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016

Relationship between limited auditory

information: ♫ and cycling safety

Main aim

Teenagers and the elderly

Focus

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016

• Cyclist fatalities by age in EU-19 countries * • Decline in hearing abilities in old age

• Frequent use of devices by youngsters • Three age groups

• 16-18 years old • 30-40 years old • 65-70 years old

♫ and

Three studies

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016

Auditory localisation Study 1 Impact Study 2 Compensatory behaviour Study 2 & 3

• 65 participants (cyclists)

Study 1: Auditory localisation of conventional and

electric cars

Stelling-Konczak, A., Hagenzieker, M., Agterberg, M.J.H. & Van Wee, G.P. (2016). Auditory localisation of coventional and electric cars: laboratory results and implications for cycling safety. Transport Research Part F, 41, Part B, 227-242.

• Accuracy of auditory localisation is quite high • Participants were worse at

indicating the location of

electric car sounds

• Low car speeds: lower

localisation accuracy

Study 1: Results – car type and speed

80% 82% 84% 86% 88% 90% 92% 94% 96% 98% 100% 15 km/h 30km/h 50 km/h Per cen t corr ec t: loc ation conventional electric

• Older age: lower

localisation accuracy (no interaction effects)

• Small differences – severe (fatal) consequences

Study 1: Results - age groups

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016 80% 82% 84% 86% 88% 90% 92% 94% 96% 98% 100% 16-18 30-40 65-70 Per cen t corr ect: loc ation

• Internet survey among 2249 cyclists

• Compensatory behaviour while ♫ or

• I

– crashes and noise-related incidents (surprised/startled)

Stelling, A., Hagenzieker, M. P. & Van Wee, G.P. Cyclists and traffic sounds: the results of an internet survey. Paper presented at 3rd International Cycling Safety Conference 2014, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Study 2: Impact of ♫

and

Study 2: Results – frequency of ♫

and

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 16-18 30-40 65-70 16-18 30-40 65-70

Music Phone call

never seldom

on some trips on most trips on all trips

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016

Study 2: Results – self-reported incidents

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 16-18 30-40 65-70

Incident in the past month?

• Compensatory behaviour reported by the majority:

– most often: increase of visual attention

• Neither ♫ nor related to incidents reported by teenage cyclists

• Net outcome may still be risky if:

– no sufficient compensation

– or suboptimal / less safe (cycling) infrastructure

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016

• To what extent does ♫ affect glance behaviour of teenage cyclists?

• Eye-tracker

• 2 trips per cyclist: baseline & music condition • Ethical considerations

Stelling-Konczak, A. et al. (submitted). A study in real traffic examining glance behaviour of teenage cyclists when listening to music: results and ethical considerations.

Study 3: Study in real traffic with cyclists ♫

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016

• Uncontrolled intersections • Intersecting road to the right

• 14 cyclists

• No significant differences between baseline & music condition

• Effects may exist

Study 3: Results cyclists’ visual behaviour whilst ♫

• Accuracy of auditory localisation is quite high, but problematic for electric cars at low speeds

• ♫ popular among teenage cyclists

• Cyclists report compensatory strategies for ♫ (and ) • Compensatory strategies not found in real traffic

• Sufficient compensation? • Combined effects?

• Mix of vehicles: transition period

Discussion: Should we be concerned about cyclists

♫ ?

Possible countermeasures

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016

Add-on sound Ban on headphones

Pedestrian/cyclist detection systems

• Suitability?

Possible countermeasures: technology

ICTTP, Brisbane, 2-5 August 2016

Damson ‘Headbones’ Safe + Sound BikeMic

agnieszka.stelling@swov.nl

Thank you