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Planning for Communication and

Dissemination in FLOODsite

FLOODsite is co-funded by the European Community

Sixth Framework Programme for European Research and Technological Development (2002-2006) FLOODsite is an Integrated Project in the Global Change and Eco-systems Sub-Priority

Start date March 2004, duration 5 Years Document Dissemination Level

PU Public PU

PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services)

Report Number

T28-09-01

Revision Number 1_1_P01

Co-ordinator: HR Wallingford, UK Project Contract No: GOCE-CT-2004-505420

Integrated Flood Risk Analysis

and Management Methodologies

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D

OCUMENT

I

NFORMATION

Title Planning for Communication and Dissemination in FLOODsite Lead Author Helen Udale-Clarke

Contributors Erik Mosselman, Mark Morris, Paul Samuels, Jonathan Simm Distribution Public

Document Reference T28_09_01

D

OCUMENT

H

ISTORY

Date Revision Prepared by Organisation Approved by Notes

05/05/09 1_0 HUC HRW Draft

11/05/09 1_1 Paul Samuels HR Wallingford

Final

A

CKNOWLEDGEMENT

The work described in this publication was supported by the European Community’s Sixth Framework Programme through the grant to the budget of the Integrated Project FLOODsite, Contract GOCE-CT-2004-505420.

The authors of this document would also like to thank the Application and Implementation Board (AIB) members and the contacts within key stakeholder organisations (see Appendix C) for their valuable advice during the development and implementation of the FLOODsite Communication and Dissemination Plan.

D

ISCLAIMER

This document reflects only the authors’ views and not those of the European Community. This work may rely on data from sources external to the members of the FLOODsite project Consortium. Members of the Consortium do not accept liability for loss or damage suffered by any third party as a result of errors or inaccuracies in such data. The information in this document is provided “as is” and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and neither the European Community nor any member of the FLOODsite Consortium is liable for any use that may be made of the information.

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S

UMMARY

Most researchers are very familiar with reporting and publishing their results in technical reports, conference proceedings and scientific papers. However, these forms of dissemination were not sufficient for the FLOODsite project. As an integrated project at the service of the European citizen, FLOODsite had to communicate and disseminate to a much wider audience than those with access to and the technical competency to understand these traditional means of dissemination. In order to facilitate these communication and dissemination activities, a Communication and Dissemination Plan was produced during the early stages of the project.

The purpose of the Communication and Dissemination (C&D) Plan was the following:

• To set out the vision, principles and philosophy for communication and dissemination for the FLOODsite project.

• To identify actions that would form part of the co-ordinated Communication and Dissemination activities for the project, recognising that these actions would be refined and co-ordinated more fully as the project progressed.

• To provide guidance to Task Leaders regarding how actions should be planned and undertaken.

This document has been developed as a public version of the FLOODsite C&D Plan (based on the third edition of FLOODsite report T28-05-02) with the purpose of providing the generic principles of communication and dissemination, as applied in FLOODsite, so that these can be applied to future EC research projects.

How to use this document

Chapter 1 explains why a Communication and Dissemination Plan is needed for EC research projects

and, in particular, how this requirement was interpreted by the FLOODsite project.

Chapter 2 will familiarise you with the vision and the ten guiding principles for Communication and

Dissemination. These principles should be applied to all deliverables produced by every task within a research project.

Chapter 3 will help you to understand the definitions and objectives of dissemination,

communication, uptake and implementation. Reference to specific objectives of the FLOODsite project and provided as examples. A clear understanding of these terms is needed to interpret the remainder of the report effectively.

Chapter 4 lists stakeholder groups and types of activity. You need to understand which stakeholder

groups you are targeting with each deliverable. Activities and actions identified for the FLOODsite project are provided as examples.

Chapter 5 takes you through the steps for planning your own communication and dissemination

actions.

Appendix D provides an abridged version of FLOODsite’s Guidance and Procedure for Publication.

A large proportion of this guidance could also be applied to future EC research projects.

The words “we” and “our” were originally used to reflect the opinions and requirements of the members of the FLOODsite Consortium, but can be equally applied here to represent the research community in general and, in particular, researchers looking to apply this document to future EC research projects.

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C

ONTENTS Document Information ... i Document History ... i Acknowledgement... i Disclaimer ... i Summary ... i Contents ... iii 1. Introduction ... 1

1.1 Why is a Communication and Dissemination Plan needed?... 1

1.2 Why do we need to plan now?... 1

1.3 Who is our audience?... 1

1.4 Who should communicate?... 2

1.5 Purpose of a Communication and Dissemination Plan... 2

1.6 Structure of this Document ... 2

1.6.1 Main Report ... 2

1.6.2 Appendices ... 2

2. Vision and Principles of the Communication and Dissemination Plan... 3

2.1 The FLOODsite vision for Communication and Dissemination ... 3

2.2 Guiding Principles of Communication and Dissemination ... 3

2.3 Guidance on the Principles ... 4

3. Four Stages to Implementation... 6

3.1 Definitions ... 6

3.1.1 Dissemination... 6

3.1.2 Communication ... 7

3.1.3 Uptake ... 7

3.1.4 Implementation ... 8

3.2 Maximising Uptake and Implementation ... 8

4. Identified Actions ... 9

4.1 Project Reports... 10

4.2 Journal Papers ... 10

4.3 Conferences ... 12

4.4 Website and Email ... 13

4.5 Pilot Studies ... 13

4.6 Teaching Material and Courses ... 15

4.7 Public Media ... 15

5. Future Planning of Actions ... 16

5.1 The Project Co-ordinator ... 16

5.2 Steps in Planning Actions ... 16

5.2.1 Identify the target audiences ... 16

5.2.2 Determine the actions... 16

5.2.3 Design the message ... 17

5.2.4 Select suitable dissemination/communication channels... 17

5.2.5 Establish time-frame, resources, quality control and budget ... 17

5.2.6 Prioritise actions and expected effectiveness ... 18

5.2.7 Decide on the combination of actions to be carried out ... 18

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5.2.9 Measure the results... 19

5.2.10 Modify, adapt or change remaining actions, if required ... 19

6. References and bibliography ... 20

Appendix A Communication and Dissemination Activities (Table 1) ... 22

Appendix B Supply Chains for Activities... 26

Appendix C Stakeholder Contacts ... 31

Appendix D Guidance and Procedure for Publication ... 32

Tables Table 1 Communication and Dissemination Activities ... 23

Figures Figure 1 Four stages to implementation ... 6

Figure 2 How not to communicate ... 7

Figure 3 Supply Chain for Project Reports ... 27

Figure 4 Supply Chain for Journal Papers ... 27

Figure 5 Supply Chain for Conferences ... 28

Figure 6 Supply Chain for Website and Emails ... 28

Figure 7 Supply Chain for Pilot Studies... 29

Figure 8 Supply Chain for Teaching Material and Courses ... 29

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1. Introduction

1.1 Why is a Communication and Dissemination Plan needed?

Communication and dissemination is a contractual requirement of all EC research projects. Projects need to communicate their results outside the normal dissemination routes of research and development (R&D) reports, journal papers, etc. Because the EC research is public money, there is an obligation to tell the public what their money has produced.

There is a difference between communication and dissemination, which should be taken into consideration:

• Dissemination covers the traditional routes of putting research results into the public domain, and particularly in front of the professional and research communities who can benefit from any advances in science.

• Communication of results, however, is a much broader activity. We, as researchers, must be active in stimulating broad, popular interest in what we have done, emphasising its importance as a scientific advance and for potential application to the benefit of all citizens of Europe. Communication is much more active than just establishing a project website as a window to the world on the project. Communication requires a partnership with professionals in the communication media – newspapers, magazines, specialist press, TV, radio, internet news, etc. The EC contract for FLOODsite placed upon us the necessity to engage the public and especially the young in what we do, which required us to acquire new skills in popularising our science and technology.

More detailed descriptions of communication and dissemination are provided in Section 3.1.

1.2 Why do we need to plan now?

We should not wait until the latter stages of the project before we consider what issues should be communicated publicly. We need to plan our communication from the outset of the project.

Potential topics for a communication activity, as identified for the FLOODsite project, include: • Completion of a milestone;

• Publication of significant result;

• Opening of a scheme in a Pilot application site; and

• A field measurement programme using video of the measurement.

1.3 Who is our audience?

We do not have a single audience, but many. We need to identify the audience for a particular message and tailor our results to the profile (public, professional, academic, etc.) of the recipients. We need also to identify what we want to communicate, the intended outcome of the communication process and the motivation for the recipient to partake in the process. If, for example, the communication is intended to raise public awareness of our work, we may need to compete with other uses of their leisure time, for example other TV stations apart from the one with our message.

The EC lays particular importance on engaging the next generation of potential scientists in seeing science and technology as a worthwhile and valued occupation.

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1.4 Who should communicate?

Most scientific communication is done between scientists and the media in their own country or at least sharing the same mother tongue. This arises from the preference of the audience of broadcast media to feel comfortable about the way in which the message is delivered, spoken in the vernacular that they understand. This should have a pivotal place in any plan as we should all take part in communicating.

All project partners must be involved in the broader communication of their work, drawing upon the broader context of the project partnership where appropriate. All partners should take the initiative in seeding articles, reports, interviews, etc. in their national media. In addition all partners need to identify what constraints their institution may place upon the dissemination and communication of project outcomes.

Communication has the important additional function of building social relations. Those form the corner stone of any successful implementation of integrated flood risk analysis and management methodologies within the European organizations responsible for risk and water management.

1.5 Purpose of a Communication and Dissemination Plan

The purpose of a C&D plan is:

• To lay down the vision, principles and philosophy for communication and dissemination for the research project;

• To identify actions that will form part of the co-ordinated communication and dissemination activities for the project, recognising that these actions will be scoped and co-ordinated more fully as the project progresses; and

• To provide guidance regarding how actions should be planned and undertaken.

Some activities will be essential for the successful completion of the project. Other activities will be aspirational outcomes of the project, which might be undertaken by those beyond the project as part of the adoption of best practices, etc. The purpose of a C&D plan is to identify those former activities that are required for the successful completion of the project, recognising that there is limited budget and time.

1.6 Structure of this Document

1.6.1 Main Report

Chapter 2 presents the vision and principles for Communication and Dissemination.

Chapter 3 discusses the four stages from Dissemination to Implementation and provides definitions that are used in the remainder of the plan.

Chapter 4 lists the types of Communication and Dissemination activities identified by for the FLOODsite project.

Chapter 5 provides guidance on how actions should be scoped and undertaken during a project.

1.6.2 Appendices

Appendix A consists of a table (Table 1) that presents a complete picture of the Communication

and Dissemination activities listed in Chapter 4.

Appendix B presents a series of supply chain models identifying the main groups that contribute to or benefit from different Communication and Dissemination activities.

Appendix C provides a list of stakeholder contacts.

Appendix D provides an abridged version of a separate FLOODsite document Guidance and

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2. Vision and Principles of the Communication and Dissemination Plan

2.1 The FLOODsite vision for Communication and Dissemination

As a consortium, we will optimise our Dissemination and Communication within and beyond the FLOODsite project to stimulate uptake and implementation of our outputs.1

2.2 Guiding Principles of Communication and Dissemination

The following guiding principles should be used in all Dissemination and Communication activities:

The 10 principles of Communication and Dissemination

1. Keep it simple – We will keep our outputs as simple as possible to maximise readability and understanding for the audience.

2. Audience centred – We will design our activities and outputs for the intended audience. 3. Fulfil contract requirements – We will ensure our activities and outputs will deliver our

contractual requirements.

4. Co-ordinated – We will co-ordinate our activities and outputs in a suite of Communication and Dissemination actions defined by the project.

5. Timely – We will communicate our results as early as possible, in accordance with our

Communication and Dissemination Plan, but without jeopardising the successful completion of other parts of the project.

6. Control of quality and content – We will review all outputs as appropriate for quality and content.

7. Disclaimer – All project outputs will include an appropriate disclaimer of liability.

8. Version control – All documents will include a unique reference number and version number. 9. Acknowledgement – All outputs will include appropriate acknowledgements of the project

funder, authors (with name and organisation) and contributors.

10. No plagiarism – We will seek permission to use, with acknowledgement, all material originating from others, whether or not they are participating in the project.

1

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2.3 Guidance on the Principles

1. Keep it simple – We will keep our outputs as simple as possible to maximise readability and understanding for the audience.

Public communication of our work will sometimes involve expressing complex ideas to an audience that is not used to technical terminology. Some potential means of expressing ourselves in an accessible way include the following:

• Translating any jargon;

• Telling the story of why we are doing the research;

• Telling the story of how our measurements or experiments are done;

• Using imaginary scenarios to explain how our results might be used or what impact it will have on people’s lives;

• Engaging with the emotions of the audience;

• Using everyday objects or notions to relate the scale of our work, such as the size of a bus or house or the number of people affected is like the population of Brussels, the length of embankments in Europe could stretch to the moon and back so many times.

2. Audience centred – We will design our activities and outputs for the intended audience. Details of how this will be achieved are provided in Chapter 3.

3. Fulfil contract requirements – We will ensure our activities and outputs will deliver our contractual requirements.

References to required deliverables are provided throughout the plan.

4. Co-ordinated – We will co-ordinate our activities and outputs in a suite of Communication and Dissemination actions defined by the FLOODsite project.

Identified actions are presented in Chapter 4. Chapter 4 also goes some way towards identifying the links between actions. However, it is identified that more detailed co-ordination will be required during the project, as actions are scoped in more detail.

5. Timely – We will communicate our results as early as possible, in accordance with our

Communication and Dissemination Plan, but without jeopardising the successful completion of other parts of the project.

The C&D plan also goes some way towards identifying the timing of actions. However, more detailed programming of actions will be required during the project, as actions are scoped in more detail. 6. Control of quality and content – We will review all outputs as appropriate for quality and

content.

7. Disclaimer – All project outputs will include an appropriate disclaimer of liability.

8. Version control – All documents will include a unique reference number and version number. 9. Acknowledgement – All outputs will include appropriate acknowledgements of the project

funder, authors (with name and organisation) and contributors.

10. No plagiarism – We will seek permission to use, with acknowledgement, all material originating from others, whether or not they are participating in the project.

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Guidance on these remaining five principles is provided in a separate FLOODsite document Guidance

and Procedure for Publication. An abridged version of this is provided in Appendix D. The

document provides clear guidance on the procedures to be followed by all project partners in producing any project documents. These procedures are intended to simplify management of documents and to ensure a consistent standard and approach to content.

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3. Four Stages to Implementation

It is important to note the broader context in which communication and dissemination are placed. Four stages can be used to illustrate the process of Implementation. The figure below shows these within the context of the FLOODsite project.

Figure 1 Four stages to implementation

The structure and funding of the FLOODsite project permitted varying degrees of Dissemination and Communication, but excluded specific Uptake and Implementation activities. However, by recognising these limitations, efforts were made to ensure that the Dissemination and Communication actions were as effective as possible in promoting Uptake and Implementation.

This limitation upon the FLOODsite project is a natural result of undertaking research at a European Level, where maximum value is obtained through the production of ‘generic’ deliverables that subsequently may be used (via Uptake and Implementation) by many different national organisations. It is likely that the process of national Uptake and Implementation will require a degree of effort to mesh the generic deliverables into specific national frameworks. As indicated in Figure 1, the FLOODsite Application and Implementation Board (AIB) members helped to facilitate uptake and implementation of the research outcomes within the context of their national responsibilities. Further discussion regarding maximising Uptake and Implementation can be found in Section 3.2.

3.1 Definitions

Dissemination, Communication, Uptake and Implementation are very commonly used terms, but are often interpreted in different ways.

3.1.1 Dissemination

Definition: Dissemination is the presentation of information to an audience for them to take up as they

wish. It is the role of the audience to get hold of the information and there is no subsequent interaction with the originators of the outputs.

FLOODsite objective: The objective of Dissemination for the FLOODsite project was to raise

awareness of project activities, project outputs and outcomes, by putting research results and best practice guidance into the public domain.

Examples: Websites, mail shots, reports, scientific papers, brochures, posters, advertising, news

articles, television coverage, etc.

Communication

Dissemination Uptake Implementation

EC FP6 Integrated Project FLOODsite International / National / Regional Actions FLOODsite AIB

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Key issues: There is a need to make sure that the audience is aware of the existence of the information

and this must include appropriate information to give them the appetite to take action.

3.1.2 Communication

Definition: Communication (or dialogue) is the act of imparting or exchanging information, which

involves direct participation of the audience with the originators of the information and involves the audience offering feedback to demonstrate a level of appreciation or understanding.

FLOODsite objective: The objective of Communication for the FLOODsite project was to enable

others to contribute to project activities, influence project outputs, adopt project outputs, be involved in project outcomes, learn from the project, etc. The contract required us to engage not only the professional community, but also the public including the young in what we were doing. However, this needed to be in a co-ordinated and timely fashion; no activity was to be undertaken unless there

is a clearly defined objective.

Examples: Training, discussion forums, conferences (question and answer sessions), activities with

local groups, links or partnering with other R&D projects and initiatives, etc. In general, face to face activities are likely to be the most successful.

Key issues: Both sides of the communication activity need to adopt approaches that are compatible

with each other. The audience is best placed to tell the originators what they need, but the originators need to ask the right people the right questions in the right format in the first place. Therefore, it has to be accepted that there may be a few iterations in this process and this is why communication activities need to be planned out well in advance to be effective. Communication activities will also require facilitating by the project and the use of appropriate language, media, etc. identified by the process described above are essential for successful facilitation.

Figure 2 How not to communicate

3.1.3 Uptake

Definition: Uptake is the result of successful dissemination or communication activities, whereby the

audience undertakes an evident change in behaviour by incorporating the knowledge they have gained in methods of working, design processes or similar.

FLOODsite objective: The FLOODsite project excluded specific Uptake activities. However, this

did not mean that we ignored the need to help stimulate uptake, which we tried to encourage through the dissemination and communication activities (see the FLOODsite vision for dissemination and communication).

Examples: Individuals within organisations will use the project outputs to better inform their own

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3.1.4 Implementation

Definition: Implementation is an extension of uptake, which transforms a willingness on the part of

the audience to undertake a change in behaviour into a formal part of working practices.

FLOODsite objective: Again, the FLOODsite project excluded specific Implementation activities.

However, this did not mean that we ignored the need to help stimulate implementation, which we tried to encourage through the dissemination and communication activities (see the FLOODsite vision for dissemination and communication).

Examples: Outputs become formalised in working practices within an organisation, professional

institutions accept the outputs as best practice or even demand adoption by organisations.

3.2 Maximising Uptake and Implementation

As introduced above, maximising uptake and implementation requires specific effort beyond dissemination and communication. This effort may be broken down into a number of stages (as shown below). To achieve implementation with any particular stakeholder it requires the stakeholder to progress through each of these stages. If communication ceases at any point during this process, the stakeholder would typically slip back down the stages.

1. Building realistic expectations

2. Clear framework of outcomes and awareness of gaps being filled 3. Uptake champions (with suitable support materials)

4. Provide information in appropriate media 5. Involvement in work (ownership)

6. Involvement in Pilot Sites

7. Lessons learned and before/after comparisons with regard to Pilot Site outcomes

8. Reality workshops solving real (user brought) problems.

As stated earlier, this is best achieved with appropriate facilitation provided by the originators, but direct facilitation was beyond the scope of the FLOODsite project. Therefore, the project tried to “lead the way” by the following means:

• Designing dissemination and communication activities undertaken within the project with uptake and implementation in mind;

• Providing examples of uptake and implementation through the collaborative work undertaken for the pilot sites (see below); and

• Providing recommendations for future actions or parallel work outside of the FLOODsite project to assist with the facilitation, possibly involving other parties who are better able or placed to guide organisations through the processes of Uptake and Implementation.

Within the FLOODsite Project there were seven Pilot Sites covering rivers, estuaries and coasts across a range of countries. The function of these Pilot Site tasks was not only to provide a means to test and apply tools and methodologies developed by some of the other tasks, but to provide sites where real and effective interaction between the research and development work and industry needs and practice could take place.

Low Level of Communication

Maintaining Communication

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4. Identified Actions

In order to be confident that we have identified our target audiences appropriately, we first need to develop a “world view” and then refine actions to target the most effective areas and appropriate methods. It is unreasonable to expect a project to target everyone and we need to manage people’s expectations. Therefore, it is important to identify who we will and will not target (effectively in the form of a disclaimer), whilst recognising that there will be some “scatter” beyond the target audience (with some activities being better at this than others).

Selection of target audiences needs to be based on identifying the desired outcome in relation to benefiting the project and benefiting the audience. To a certain extent this is achieved by categorising activities into dissemination or communication. However, this can be expanded as the actions are developed.

Table 1 in Appendix A undertakes this process for the FLOODsite project (but many of these activities are generic), recognising that certain actions are aspirational and might be excluded from the project. Details of specific actions that have already been planned for in the FLOODsite project are provided in this chapter as examples.

Seven main stakeholder groups within Flood Risk Management (FRM) were identified for the FLOODsite project:

• Research Team, i.e. the FLOODsite project team • Research Community, beyond FLOODsite

• Practitioners, including flood defence regulators and operators, emergency planners and services

• Policy makers, who set regulatory, legislative and other decision-making frameworks (and are separate from the FRM professionals who work within these frameworks). Policy makers are likely to be national, regional and local government authorities

• Academic Community, which differs from the Research Community in its (additional) focus on teaching and training

• Local Groups, including Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs), community groups, etc. • General Public, with special attention for the next generation of potential scientists at

secondary schools

There were also seven main “Types of Activity”:

• Project Reports i.e. Major Deliverables as listed in the Description of Work, other technical reports, Annual Activity and Management Reports to the EC, Research Implementation Plan Reports, miscellaneous project guidance.

• Journal Papers i.e. refereed journal articles that form the longer-term set of reference material about the scientific outcomes from the project. Conference papers are considered separately (see conferences).

• Conferences including papers, presentations, posters, leaflets, etc. • Websites and Email

• Pilot Studies

• Teaching Material and Courses

• Public Media including newsletters, articles for television, radio, newspapers, magazines, etc. and posters and leaflets for exhibitions, road shows, etc.

Reference should be made to Appendix D for further details regarding the procedures for publishing written material, be it a project report, a paper (journal or conference), a presentation, a research thesis or dissertation, an article or poster.

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Appendix B provides a series of diagrams (supply chains) that show in summary how the main stakeholder groups interact with each of the main types of activities.

By reviewing these in conjunction with Appendix A, a series of provisional Action Summaries were drafted for FLOODsite and are presented in the remainder of this chapter. For each action listed, a named “owner” and delivery deadline was included in the detailed FLOODsite C&D Plan. This information has not been reproduced here, as this information was intended for the project team only. Progress and updating of this plan was carried out bi-annually. Owners of actions were asked to provide brief updates on progress and revisions to the programme of work.

4.1 Project

Reports

Summary of activities from Appendix A

No. Target Audience Type of Activity Form of Media

2c FRM Research Community Technical Reports

3b FRM Practitioners Guidance Documents

Text based material paper based and digital/navigable versions

Identified actions

Ref Action Objective

1 Review overall goals of DoW and decide upon format of reports / guidance Æ then provide guidance to theme / task leaders regarding nature of outputs required i.e. content of “text boxes”

To maximise team efficiency by defining the nature and content of material supplied from tasks / themes to Task 29 for subsequent editing into Reports and Guidance material 2 Develop facilities on website for dissemination

of material as soon as it becomes available

Open access / dissemination of material as early as possible

3 Confirm options and preference for publication of guidance (e.g. Publisher, via EA/Defra, etc.) [Also see the Flood Risk Management Research Consortium (FRMRC) notes re. potential scope of formats e.g. User focussed briefing sheets]

Clear route to publication and quality control

4 Review project schedule and build indicative programme of deliverables

To advise (team and public) what, when and where outputs will be delivered.

4.2 Journal

Papers

Summary of activities from Appendix A

No. Target Audience Type of Activity Form of Media

2b FRM Research

Community

Papers for Journals Text for journals with full paper on the website (where copyright remains with the authors) or abstract and link on website (where copyright is with the publisher)

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Identified actions

Ref Action Objective

1 Encourage all team members to publish and provide framework to do so, including: a) recommended list of journals

b) format of acknowledgement and disclaimer c) process for review and approval

d) process for validation by FLOODsite Management Team

Note: format of papers will probably be set by the publisher.

Targeted and widespread publications to a high standard

2 Provide facility on web for storing and access to all FLOODsite papers

Maximise access to papers

3 Monitor / record paper production Determine effectiveness of dissemination [EC reporting requirement]

Proposed key outlets for scientific dissemination of the project as a whole

Management domain

Name Website

Geography:

Rivers Journal: International Journal of River Basin Management

http://www.jrbm.net/pages/

Conf.: River Flow 2006, 2008 http://www.riverflow2006.org/

http://www.riverflow2008.org/

Coasts and Estuaries

Journal: Coastal Engineering http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescripti on.cws_home/503325/description#description

Conf.: ICCE 2006, 2008 www.coastal.udel.edu/coastal/icce/cerc.html

www.icce2006.com/

http://icce2008.hamburg.baw.de/

Land Journal: Engineering

Landscape and Urban Planning

Risk Journal: Natural Hazards http://www.springer.com/uk/home/geography?SG

WID=3-40362-70-35533100-0&teaserId=66692&CENTER_ID=135189

Conf.: International

Conference on Flood Risk

http://www.ima.org.uk/Conferences/flood07.htm

Journal: Journal of Flood

Risk Management

http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/submit.asp?r ef=1753-318X

Engineering

Rivers Journal of Water

Management

http://www.ice.org.uk/services/services_journals.a sp

Coastal Journal of Maritime

Engineering

http://www.ice.org.uk/services/services_journals.a sp

Rivers Journal of Hydraulic

Engineering

http://pubs.asce.org/journals/hydraulic/default.htm

Coastal Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean

Engineering http://pubs.asce.org/journals/waterwayetc/ Hydraulic Engineerng Journal of Hydraulic Research http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com/

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4.3

Conferences

Summary of activities from Appendix A

No. Target Audience Type of Activity Form of Media

2d FRM Research Community 3c FRM Practitioners

Conferences Posters, leaflets, videos 2e FRM Research Community

3d FRM Practitioners

Conferences Papers/presentations with copies on website

Identified actions

Ref Action Objective

1 Facilitate FLOODsite member representation at key conferences – simple extension of web Meetings and Events (M&E) tool

Maximise representation at conferences and events

1 Encourage all team members to submit papers to conferences and provide framework to do so, including:

a) format of acknowledgement and disclaimer b) process for review and approval

c) process for validation by FLOODsite Management Team

Targeted conferences and events

2 Provide facility on web for storage and access to all FLOODsite conference papers and presentations, via the M&E tool

Maximise access to papers and presentations

3 Encourage all team members to use the M&E facility for wider, FLOODsite related events. Email / newsletter

Team uptake of M&E tool to promote coordinated approach to conferences 4 Monitor / record conference attendance and

presentations

Determine effectiveness of dissemination [EC reporting requirement]

5 Support the creation of Young FLOODsite within the FLOODsite project team, with organised events at conferences.

To facilitate team working and links between younger research members 6 Participation in the EC’s annual “Communicating

European Research” conferences (see below for details of modes of participation)

To promote science communication between scientists, communication professionals and journalists and to fulfil contractual obligations to the EC

7 Team member may organise speciality conferences. E.g. “Extreme flooding and erosion events. Are they really increasing?”

Respond to current concerns; e.g. deal with the growing concern by coastal and river populations that extreme events are becoming more frequent due to a regional change in climate

Communicating European Research

The European Commission's Directorate-General for Research organises annual “Communicating European Research” conferences with the aim to promote science communication. The 2005 conference specified two possible modes of participation:

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• Exhibition with a strong visual aspect, where quality, originality and interactivity of the material to be exhibited are the main selection criteria. Actual demonstrations, mock-ups etc. are preferable to just posters and computer presentations.

4.4 Website and Email

Summary of activities from Appendix A

No. Target Audience Type of Activity Form of Media

1a News Bulletins Email and website

1c

Research Team

Individual contacts Email

2a FRM Research Community 3a FRM Practitioners

Public eNews Email with registration on

website

4a Academic Community Secondary school curriculum Available on website

5a Local Groups Guidance notes Website

6b General Public Information on specific

projects/pilot studies

Website

Identified actions

Ref Action Objective

1 Maintain and develop project website To facilitate dissemination, team communication, project management 2 Monitor use of the website

Quarterly reports to the MT

To determine who and how the website is being used Æ how may dissemination & communication be improved?

3 Regular team newsletters + periodic public newsletters

To promote team working and maintain awareness

4 Increase public registration on website. Widen direct email links with each of the identified user communities

5 Review likely outputs from FLOODsite and identify which products may be suited to online animation / demonstration. Draw up indicative programme (RIP – Task 30)

Maximise value of interactive / animated web examples of FLOODsite deliverables

6 Develop a web-enabled interactive platform (WIP) or web-based flood game – develop strategy and programme

To provide interactive examples of knowledge and tools from FLOODsite

4.5 Pilot

Studies

Summary of activities from Appendix A

No. Target Audience Type of Activity Form of Media

3f FRM Practitioners Partnering with Research Team (pilot studies)

Face to face 4b Academic Community Primary and Secondary School

Projects

Text material and face to face

5a Guidance Notes Text material, leaflets, website

5b

Local Groups

Partnering with Research Team (pilot studies)

Face to face

6b General Public Local Projects Exhibitions, website, leaflets,

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Identified actions

Ref Action Objective

1 Each Pilot leader to review opportunities within their pilot to communicate, promote and disseminate through their pilot activities (see paragraph below regarding planning).

Initial review coordinated by Leader Theme 4. Also review by all Task leaders to identify any other opportunities (e.g. Tasks 11/13 may offer specific opportunities)

To maximise the links with various communities offered via Pilot sites. Establish potential and then implement. Where possible use should be made of the pilot sites as a means for scoping existing C&D practice and for testing any new approaches.

2 Produce strategy for development and trialing of exhibition material [noting that material must be designed for maximum use by all partners, different audiences, etc.]

To a) undertake exhibition, but more importantly

b) include monitoring of effectiveness of approach (i.e. use this as an opportunity to research the effectiveness of this approach to C&D)

The importance of planning

Where pilot studies plan to communicate with or involve stakeholders, each study needs to have a clear communications strategy in place early on, with clear mechanisms for stakeholder involvement and, importantly, a means to evaluate that involvement and input (also see paragraph on testing approaches below). This will need careful planning, taking appropriate account of legal requirements and institutional factors, and a suitable budget set aside from the outset. Pilot Leaders should look to learn from the experience of previous projects such as the EC project Floodscape that produced a Communications Audit.2

Testing approaches to communication and dissemination

Use will be made of the pilot sites as a means for scoping existing communication and dissemination practice and for testing any new approaches. We aim at a strong two-way interaction between the best practice guidance and the tasks of the pilot studies. The following tasks seem suitable for pilot studies on dissemination and communication:

• Task 11 “Risk perception, community behaviour and social resilience”: community surveys in Mulde river basin (Germany) and Adige river basin (Italy) + re-analysis of existing UK survey data. These surveys might include aspects of communication.

• Task 13 “Investigation of integrated strategies considering planning and communicative instruments; Activity 2, Action 3: case study on Adige river (link with Tasks 11 and Task 31). • Task 22 “Pilot study of the River Tisza”; Part C: Raising public awareness and public

participation by risk communication, stakeholder involvement, etc.

End user engagement

The pilot site studies (along with AIB) offer the best routes for active engagement with end users. The quality is assured in the following ways:

• C&D activities should be specified in the research implementation plans of the pilot site studies, from Year 3 onward. In this way C&D becomes included automatically when evaluating task progress against the RIP.

• The use of the C&D Plan will be monitored in the quarterly progress reports from Year 3 onward, to ensure that end user engagement is routinely considered by all task leaders.

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4.6 Teaching Material and Courses

Summary of activities from Appendix A

No. Target Audience Type of Activity Form of Media

3e FRM Practitioners Commercial training courses Text based material and supporting software, face to face

4a Secondary School

Curriculum

Text based material and supporting software, website

4c

Academic Community

University Lectures Text based material and supporting software, face to face

Identified actions

Ref Action Objective

1 Produce summary of material and courses

(scheduled under Task 31) for promotion via web.

Dissemination of planned work 2 Provide FLOODsite partners with an opportunity

to feedback on proposed material type / content / availability. Identify interested partners and opportunities for widespread use of material.

Maximise value of material to all partners and wider users

3 Produce public education material (e.g. a

summary report or brochure) to be used in schools (probably targeting 16-18 year age range) and for the bachelor degrees at universities, but also suited for educated lay-people

To address the issues around flooding and flood risk management at their level

4.7 Public

Media

Summary of activities from Appendix A

No. Target Audience Type of Activity Form of Media

6a General Public News articles TV, Radio, Newspapers

Identified actions

Ref Action Objective

1 Encourage all team members to work with wider media in promoting FLOODsite work and monitor

To assess degree of communication via public media to report to EC and revise approach (if necessary)

2 To provide basic publicity material (printed and web) to support Action 1 above.

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5. Future Planning of Actions

5.1 The Project Co-ordinator

The Project Co-ordinator is in a sense the figurehead for the whole team and so must take a prominent (but not exclusive) role in the communication of the project results. Thus the Project Co-ordinator, with assistance from his team, should undertake the following:

• Lead the definition of the Communication and Dissemination Plan; • Agree the communication strategy with the EC;

• Encourage all partners in their efforts in communication; • Collate the statistics on communication activities;

• Collate central resources on the project website from all partners’ communication events as a library for others to use;

• Collate a library of useful photographs, video, diagrams, etc.;

• Identify useful results as the basis for technical and general articles and other dissemination media;

• Identify appropriate EC activities that could be a venue or vehicle for communicating the project activities – e.g. the annual European Science Week; and

• Issue press releases on behalf of the project team.

5.2 Steps in Planning Actions

A series of steps should be undertaken to plan communication and dissemination actions. The following list is an expansion on the UK Environment Agency R&D Technical Report W5G – 003, (Leggett and Elliott, 2002):

1. Identify the target audiences and the reason for dissemination or communication 2. Determine the actions

3. Design the message

4. Select suitable dissemination/communication channels 5. Establish time-frame, resources, quality control and budget 6. Prioritise actions based on the above and expected effectiveness 7. Decide on the combination of actions to be carried out

8. Undertake the actions 9. Measure the results

10. Modify, adapt or change remaining actions, if required These steps are described in more detail below.

5.2.1 Identify the target audiences

The target audiences are identified in general terms in the C&D Plan. As each Task Leader plans communication and dissemination actions in more detail, specific audiences should be identified.

5.2.2 Determine the actions

The generic activities are determined in the C&D Plan. The main actions identified in the original project Description of Work (DOW) and subsequently in the Research Implementation Plans (RIPs) are also identified in the C&D Plan. However, it may become apparent that particular tasks or the project as a whole would benefit from additional actions. If programme and budget permit, there should be no reason why these cannot be accommodated in the project.

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5.2.3 Design the message

Designing the message should be based around the following principles of communication and dissemination:

1. Keep it simple – We will keep our outputs as simple as possible to maximise readability and

understanding for the audience.

2. Audience centred – We will design our activities and outputs for the intended audience.

3. Fulfil contract requirements – We will ensure our activities and outputs will deliver our

contractual requirements.

4. Co-ordinated – We will co-ordinate our activities and outputs in a suite of Communication and

Dissemination actions defined by the project.

5. Timely – We will communicate our results as early as possible, in accordance with our

Communication and Dissemination Plan, but without jeopardising the successful completion of other parts of the project.

5.2.4 Select suitable dissemination/communication channels

As discussed in Section 3.1.2, it is important to ensure that appropriate channels are used for dissemination and communication activities. The suitability of different forms of media will depend on the type of message that is to be conveyed and the target audience. When planning actions it may be necessary to undertake some background research into the media proposed where these are not particularly familiar to the project team, for example radio, TV, newspapers, magazines and museums. It should also be borne in mind that appropriate channels of dissemination/communication will change as the relationship with the audience develops (or declines).

5.2.5 Establish time-frame, resources, quality control and budget

Timing

As the actions presented in the C&D Plan are expanded and scoped more fully, it will be necessary to identify:

• Which project tasks (or sub-tasks) are on the critical path before communication and dissemination actions can be undertaken?

• How far have some actions already been taken?

• Which actions overlap so that the effectiveness can be maximised for minimum budget?

In particular, pilot studies are likely to be very important for both undertaking communication and dissemination actions, but also to provide feedback to influence subsequent actions.

In identifying a programme of actions, it is also important to take into consideration the target audiences’ availability and the time required to learn about an output.

Resources

There are principally two types of resources to be considered: material that can be used for dissemination and communication activities and the people involved.

Examples of resource materials that will be collated during the project include:

• Good quality, high resolution photographs, preferably with people in them or something to illustrate the scale

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• Posters, leaflets, CD, video in non-specialist language

• Project website, which is well indexed on Google and other major search engines • Overview information on the project

• Overview information on the problem that we address at the European scale

Many of the project partners are “experts” at writing technical reports, disseminating results via journals and conferences, etc. but less of us have experience of communicating with the public media, school children or the public in general. When resourcing people to particular actions, the following questions should be borne in mind:

• Who will deliver the messages?

• Do the project team members within the relevant task have the appropriate experience? • Can experience from team members from other tasks be used?

• Can actions from different tasks be linked together to reduce resource requirements?

• Which end users should be involved in further development of the communication and dissemination actions?

• Which end users would be interested in being involved? • How long will it take to get involvement?

Task Leaders should consider the possibility of using champions external to the project to promote key messages. For example, in the UK this could be the Environment Agency, Defra, key people within the Joint Programme, etc. The earlier the consideration of such involvement the better, so that sufficient time can be invested in getting this right. Champions should also only be involved in a co-ordinated manner. Therefore, it is essential that all suggested champions are reviewed and agreed with the Management Team and Project Co-ordinator.

Quality control

Guidance on the quality control of publications is provided in Appendix D.

For other types of actions, it is important to identify which organisations need to approve or at least buy-in to the actions and what are the logistics of getting their involvement. For example, when developing teaching material consideration should be made regarding the involvement of education authorities and examining boards.

Budget

The costs of organising and participating in dissemination and communication activities should not be underestimated. All too often this is overlooked during the early stages of a project and insufficient budget remains at the end to undertake activities. Therefore, budgets must be set aside early on as part of the planning process.

5.2.6 Prioritise actions and expected effectiveness

Prioritisation of generic activities has been undertaken to some extent in this plan, although the majority of activities are a contractual requirement of the project and, therefore, must be done.

However, when planning actions in more detail care should be taken to focus greatest effort on actions that will be the most effective. This is related to understanding your target audience, your best form of media and the clarity of the message you wish to convey.

5.2.7 Decide on the combination of actions to be carried out

This step is closely related to the previous step. However, when planning actions it is important to understand how these might link to actions being undertaken by other tasks and these should be

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5.2.8 Undertake the actions

This step is self-explanatory.

5.2.9 Measure the results

The effectiveness of the communication and dissemination actions undertaken should be reported in the annual report. This report will be based on easily measured parameters, which can be recorded during the year and collated with our periodic reports. These measurements will include:

• Scientific papers produced • Conference presentations made • Interviews given

• Press releases made

• Press generated articles on FLOODsite • Other media presentations of our project

• Use of the project website (number of hits, downloads, etc.)

It is important that these statistics are collected from the beginning of the project, so that there can be no misunderstanding on whether the project fulfils its duty on communication.

It was recognised that the communication and dissemination activities within the FLOODsite project also offered an opportunity to research the effectiveness of different approaches to communication and dissemination. Hence, where experience or guidance on the effectiveness of a specific approach was limited, but other factors (such as local opportunities, links, enthusiasm, etc.) presented an opportunity to undertake a specific dissemination or communication activity, then consideration was be given to undertaking the activity, whilst also monitoring its effectiveness to provide guidance on future activities.

Examples of these types of activities included: • Creation of an exhibition for a local museum

• Monitoring the use of the website in response to specific actions or items (such as newsletters, etc.)

5.2.10 Modify, adapt or change remaining actions, if required

The results from the previous step should be fed back to the project team, so that lessons can be learnt and taken advantage of within the timeframe of the project, wherever possible.

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6. References and bibliography

Commission of the European Communities (2006), Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the assessment and management of floods. Brussels, 18.01.2006. Hooijer, A., F. Klijn, J. Kwadijk & B. Pedroli (Eds., 2002), Towards sustainable flood risk management in the Rhine and Meuse river basins; Main results of the research project. IRMA-SPONGE Final Report, NCR-publication 18-2002.

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Table 1 Communication and Dissemination Activities

No. Target Audience

Objective Message Type of Activity Form of Media Timing or

timing issues Resources or resourcing issues Quality Control Budget (H, M, L) Likely effectiveness (H, M, L) Priority (H, M, L) (or EC Require) Measure of effectiveness Links to which other activities?

1a Dissemination News bulletins Emails, website Website – up

and running, Emails as required Written by project management team Project Management Team & Task 28 L H/M EC 2a 1b General strategy and required activities Meetings/workshops (either across project, within a Theme or for a Task

Face to face At key

milestones Practicalities depending on location of members Project Management Team & Task Teams & Task 28 M H EC 1a 1c Research Team Communication

Detailed issues Individual contact Emails, phone calls,

face to face

As required Team member

contacts database Task Teams L H EC General project success All are Coordination Activities 1b 2a General strategy and links to further information

Register for Public eNews

Website with “what’s new” section and easy routes to deliverables Website – up and running, Newsletters at key milestones Action to promote registration, production of suitable newsletter Project Management Team & Task 28

L H EC No. of hits, Ask

for feedback regarding site, No. that register for eNews, No. of enquiries generated by site

1a

2b Latest science Papers Scientific Journals,

copies on website Match timing of publications with key milestones Written by team members Standard format, Review process required? L/M M/H H No. of references No. of enquiries generated 2e 2c Full details of project outputs Technical Reports (Project Reports)

Text based material, paper based and digital/navigable versions As defined in project programme Written by team members Use of professional publishers and editors? H H H Co funder approval 3b 2d Dissemination General awareness-raising of project to encourage links with other R&D projects

Conferences Posters, leaflets,

videos L M EC No. of enquiries generated 2e, 3c 2e Review of latest science by peers and feedback via Q&A sessions Conferences Papers/Presentations Identify key conferences Central supply of material to support team member presentations, initial poster and brochure already produced Need to co-ordinate attendance, Standard format, Review process required? L H H No. of enquiries generated 2b, 2d 2f FRM Research Community Communication Actively request participation in cross-cutting activities Project LINKS

Desk study Emails, phone calls,

face to face

ASAP Undertake review

of related projects and make contacts

N/A M H H Priority Evaluator requireme nt No. of contacts made Æ in RIP Æ online 2d 3a FRM Practitioners

Dissemination General strategy

and where to get further

information

Register for Public eNews

Website with “what’s new” section and easy routes to deliverables Website – up and running (designed with practitioners in mind?), Newsletters at milestones Action to promote registration, production of suitable newsletter Project Management Team & Task 28

L M M No. of hits, ask

for feedback

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No. Target Audience

Objective Message Type of Activity Form of Media Timing or

timing issues Resources or resourcing issues Quality Control Budget (H, M, L) Likely effectiveness (H, M, L) Priority (H, M, L) (or EC Require) Measure of effectiveness Links to which other activities? 3b Full details of project outputs that can be used by practitioners

Guidance

Documents (Should we consider tailor made versions for specific end user application, whether types of user or country?)

Text based material, paper based and digital/navigable versions As defined in project programme Drafted by team members, Use of professional authors? Use of professional publishers and editors? H M (level of understanding might be lower than academics) H (due to key project deliverabl e) No. or organisations that adopt guidance/best practices within their policies and processes 2c 3c General awareness-raising of project to encourage adoption

Conferences Posters, leaflets,

videos L M M No. of enquiries generated 2d 3d Review of new /developing guidance by practitioners and feedback via Q&A sessions Conferences [target specific national events – e.g. For UK Defra conference) Papers/Presentations Identify key conferences Central supply of material to support team member presentations, initial poster and brochure already produced, Need to co-ordinate attendance, Standard format, Review process

required? L H H No. of enquiries

generated 2b 3e Latest science, best practice approaches to FRM, how to communicate with local groups and the general public

Commercial training courses for

professional CPD

Text based material and supporting software, Face to face Only to be undertaken once best practices have been tried and tested (only after end of project?) Provided by the locally based organisations involved in the project Accredited by relevant professional institutions M H (depending on uptake) M Course review questionnaires 4c, 5a, 6b 3f Communication Getting involved in local projects (demonstration studies) Partnering with Research Team

Face to face See programme

for pilot studies

Task team needs to review this Task team to review from project side, Each organisation involved will have their own procedures to follow (which will need accommodating) M H (at a local level) M No. of organisations involved, Subsequent use of lessons learnt within organisations 4b, 5b 4a Dissemination General principles of FRM Secondary school curriculum

Website, Text based material and supporting software Not dependent on latest science (could be delivered early?) Involvement of schools, education authorities, exam boards in development? Accredited by relevant education authorities and/or exam boards H M (due to being very dependant on uptake) M / L (due to likely high cost compared to effect) No. of schools/countries involved, Count no. of visitors on website, Ask for feedback on material 4b 4b Getting involved in local projects (pilot studies) Primary and Secondary school project work

Text based material, Face to face

See programme for pilot studies

Task team needs to review this Accredited by relevant education authorities M H (at a local level) M No. of schools involved 3f, 5b Academic Community Communication

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No. Target Audience

Objective Message Type of Activity Form of Media Timing or

timing issues Resources or resourcing issues Quality Control Budget (H, M, L) Likely effectiveness (H, M, L) Priority (H, M, L) (or EC Require) Measure of effectiveness Links to which other activities? best practice approaches to FRM (Bachelors Course and Masters Course)

and supporting software, Face to face project outputs to be defined first? lecturers (preferably involved in project?) own accreditation processes, Accredited by relevant professional institutions on uptake) How to maximise? questionnaires 5a Policy Makers

Communication Visits, Workshops Text based material,

face to face

L H

6a Dissemination Guidance on

dealing with local FRM issues (what are the issues and who should you be talking to)

Guidance notes Text based material

in the form of leaflets or website Too large to do this generically across EU -will need to be based on pilot studies Involvement of local groups in developing guidance? Approval from relevant local government, regulators, etc.? M H (at a local level if pilot studies help to focus this) M No. of enquiries, No. of local groups contacts/informed 3e 6b Local Groups (e.g. NGOs, community groups, etc.)

Communication Getting involved in local projects (pilot studies)

Partnering with Research Team

Text based material, Face to face

See programme for pilot studies

Task team needs to review this M H (at a local level if involved in pilot studies) M No. of local groups involved 3f, 4b

7a Things that affect

you!

News articles TV, Radio,

Newspapers

Most relevant if based on pilot studies

Task team needs to review this

Task 28 & the media editors L-H M M Street surveys? 6b 7b General Public Dissemination Do you know what’s happening in your backyard?

More detailed info. on specific projects

Exhibitions, local websites, leaflets

See programme for pilot studies

Task team needs to review this Task 28 M L (unlikely to be sufficiently interested to be proactive unless other coverage (6a) has been v. successful) L No. of visitors to exhibitions, No. of website hits, Street surveys 3f, 4b, 5b, 6a

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Figure 3

Supply Chain for Project Reports

Scatter of output Target of output Indirect Input Direct Input Project Reports Conferences

Website & Email

Pilot Studies

Teaching Material & Courses

Public Media Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public (Other teams)

INPUT TYPE OF ACTIVITY OUTPUT

Key:

Journal Papers

Figure 4

Supply Chain for Journal Papers

Scatter of output Target of output Indirect Input Direct Input Project Reports Conferences

Website & Email

Pilot Studies

Teaching Material & Courses

Public Media Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public (Other teams)

INPUT TYPE OF ACTIVITY OUTPUT

Key:

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Figure 5

Supply Chain for Conferences

Target of output Scatter of output Indirect Input

Direct Input Key:

Project Reports

Conferences

Website & Email

Pilot Studies

Teaching Material & Courses

Public Media Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public (Other teams)

INPUT TYPE OF ACTIVITY OUTPUT

Key:

Journal Papers

Figure 6

Supply Chain for Website and Emails

Project Reports

Conferences

Website & Email

Pilot Studies

Teaching Material & Courses

Public Media Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public (Other teams)

INPUT TYPE OF ACTIVITY OUTPUT

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Figure 7

Supply Chain for Pilot Studies

Target of output Scatter of output Indirect Input

Direct Input Key:

Project Reports

Conferences

Website & Email

Pilot Studies

Teaching Material & Courses

Public Media Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public (Other teams)

INPUT TYPE OF ACTIVITY OUTPUT

Key:

Journal Papers

Figure 8

Supply Chain for Teaching Material and Courses

Target of output Scatter of output Indirect Input

Direct Input Key:

Project Reports

Conferences

Website & Email

Pilot Studies

Teaching Material & Courses

Public Media Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public Research Team Research Community Practitioners Academic Community Local Groups General Public (Other teams)

INPUT TYPE OF ACTIVITY OUTPUT

Key:

Cytaty

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