Proceedings of the 13th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress, ISSC'97, Volume 1, Pergamon Press, ISBN: 0-08-042829-0, 18-22 August 1997, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (summary)

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PROCEEDINGS OF T H E

**13"* INTERNATIONAL**

SHIP AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES CONGRESS

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PROCEEDINGS OF T H E

13"' INTERNATIONAL

SHIP AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES CONGRESS

VOLUME 1

Edited by

T . M O A N and S. B E R G E

Norwegian University ofScience and Teclmology, Trondheim, Norway

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UK Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford. 0 X 5 1GB, England

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All Riglils Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any fonn or by any means; electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape,

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First edition 1997

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record for this title is available from the Library of Congress.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.

ISBN 0-08-042829-0 (three volume set)

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PREFACE

This volume contains the 8 specialist panel reports which will be presented and discussed at the \y*' International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress in Trondheim, Norway, 18-22 August 1997.

Volume 1 contains the technical committee reports. Volume 3, including the discussions of the reports, the chairmen's replies, the text of the invited lecture and the ISSC Statutes, will appear early in 1998.

The Standing Committee ofthe 13'" International Ship and OfTshore Structures Congress in Trondheim is as follows:

Chairman: Prof. T. Moan Dr. T. Borzecki Mr. P. Brun Dr.ing. M . Dogliani P.Eng. N.E. Jeffrey Dr. S. Hylarides Prof. J.W. Lee Prof. A. Mansour Prof. P.T. Pedersen Prof. H. Petershagen Prof. R. Eatock Taylor Prof. Y. Ueda Prof. Y.S. Wu Secretary: Prof S, Berge

Trondheim, Norway March 1997

Torgeir Moan

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Preface v R E P O R T O F C O M M I T T E E I . l : E N V I R O N M E N T 1 R E P O R T O F C O M M I T T E E 1.2: L O A D S 59 R E P O R T O F C O M M I T T E E I I . I : Q U A S I - S T A T I C R E S P O N S E . . . . 123 R E P O R T O F C O M M I T T E E I I . 2 : D Y N A M I C R E S P O N S E 187 R E P O R T O F C O M M I T T E E I I I . I : U L T I M A T E S T R E N G T H . . . . 2 3 3 R E P O R T O F C O M M I T T E E I 1 I . 2 : F A T I G U E A N D F R A C T U R E . . . 285 R E P O R T O F C O M M I T T E E I V . 1: D E S I G N P R I N C I P L E S A N D C R I T E R I A 351 R E P O R T O F C O M M I T T E E I V . 2 : D E S I G N M E T H O D S 407 vii

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13"' INTERNATIONAL SHIP A N D ^^^OBE ST^^

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES CONGRESS 1997

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18-22 AUGUST 1997 TRONDHEIM, NORWAY VOLUME 1 /VoRW^'^ C O M M I T T E E L I

ENVIRONMENT

M A N D A T E

Concem for the definition o f the ocean environment, especially wave, current, wind and temperature statistics in deep and shallow waters as a basis for the determination of environmental forces for structural design. Attention shall also be given to statistical descriptions of ice and earthquake phenomena relevant to design of ships and offshore structures, and to the influences of marine growth.

M E M B E R S

Chairman: Prof. R. Tedeschi Prof G. A. Athanassoulis Prof. H. Boonstra Dr. A. K. Brook D r V. J. Cardone Prof C. Daley Dr. S. Haver Prof T. Hirayama D r P. Kujala Prof O. Litonov Dr. M . Olagnon Dr. G. Schlachter A S S O C I A T E Dn K. Belibassakis K E Y W O R D S

Environment, remote sensing, data repositories, sea state, prediction, directional spectra, non-linearity stochastic modelling, ice modelling, climate modelling.

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Environment

2.7 G l o b a l Change 10 2.8 Open Questions 11 3. W I N D A N D W A V E H I N D C A S T I N G A N D F O R E C A S T I N G . . . 11 3.1 S u m m a r y o f M a j o r D e v e l o p m e n t s 11 3.2 W a v e M o d e l I m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d D e v e l o p m e n t 11 3.2.1 F o r e c a s t i n g i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s 11 3.2.2 W i n d i n p u t a n d data a s s i m i l a t i o n 12 3.2.3 H i n d c a s d n g a n d c l i m a t e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s 12 3.2.4 M o d e l development I3 3.3 W a v e T r a n s f o r m a t i o n i n S h a l l o w W a t e r a n d C u r r e n t s 13 3.4 V e r i f i c a t i o n o f Forecasts a n d Hindcasts 14 3.4.1 Real t i m e apphcations 14 3.4.2 H i n d c a s t s I 5 4. S T O C H A S T I C M O D E L L I N G A N D P R E D I C T I O N O F S E A W A V E S A N D S E A S T A T E S I5 4.1 N o n - l i n e a r Waves Theories a n d I r r e g u l a r W a v e K i n e m a t i c s . . . 15

4.2 P r o b a b i H t y S t r u c t u r e o f Ocean Surface a n d o f W a v e Parameters . 17 4.3 Stochastic M o d e l s f o r I n t e r m e d i a t e - d e p t h W a t e r s a n d f o r D i f f r a c t e d Waves 19 4.4 M o d e l l i n g o f W a v e C l i m a t e a n d Statistical P r e d i c t i o n o f E x t r e m e C o n d i t i o n s 20 5. D I R E C T I O N A L W A V E S P E C T R A 21 5.1 Advances i n M e a s u r e m e n t a n d A n a l y s i s o f D i r e c t i o n a l W a v e Spectra 21 5.2 A d v a n c e s i n E v a l u a t i o n o f Spectra 22

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4 Commi I lee I.l

5.3 Influence o f Spectral Shape o n Responses o f M o t i o n a n d L o a d s . 23 5.4 Physical a n d N u m e r i c a l M o d e l l i n g o f D i r e c t i o n a l Waves . . . . 24

5.5 Possibility o f S t a n d a r d Spectra 24

6. I C E E N V I R O N M E N T 25 6.1 D a t a Sources 25 6.2 Remote Sensing o f Ice 26

6.3 D e s c r i p t i o n o f the Ice E n v i r o n m e n t 26 6.3.1 Present ice c o d i n g system 26 6.3.2 M o d e l s f o r ice cover d e s c r i p t i o n 28 6.4 D e s c r i p t i o n o f Ice C o n d i t i o n s f o r D e s i g n Purposes 28

6.4.1 General 28 6.4.2 E q u i v a l e n t level ice thickness concept 29

7. M A R I N E G R O W T H 30 7.1 D e v e l o p m e n t o f N o n - T o x i c A n t i f o u l a n t s 30 7.2 A l t e r n a t i v e P r o t e c t i o n Systems 30 7.3 Effects o f M a r i n e G r o w t h o n O p e r a t i o n 31 7.4 B i o f o u h n g a n d C o r r o s i o n i n I n t e r n a l Spaces 31 8. E X P E R I M E N T A L M O D E L L I N G 32 8.1 E x p e r i m e n t a l M o d e l l i n g o f I r r e g u l a r Waves 32 8.2 E x p e r i m e n t a l M o d e l l i n g o f Ice B e h a v i o u r o n O f f s h o r e Structures . 33

8.3 T h e I n t e r a c t i o n o f S u p p o r t i n g Structures w i t h the Soil 34

8.4 E a r t h q u a k e s — t h e P r o b l e m o f M o d e l l i n g 35 9. I N F L U E N C E O N D E S I G N A N D O P E R A T I O N O F S H I P S A N D O F F S H O R E S T R U C T U R E S 35 9.1 I n t r o d u c t i o n 35 9.2 Influence o f O p e r a t i o n a l A r e a 36 9.3 I n f l u e n c e o f P r e d o m i n a t i n g A n g l e s o f E n c o u n t e r 37 9.4 I n f l u e n c e o f W a v e Spectra o n Ship D e s i g n 39 9.5 Design C o n t o u r Lines f o r the E n v i r o n m e n t a l Parameters . . . . 39

9.6 Rules, Guidelines a n d R e g u l a t i o n s 40 10. E N V I R O N M E N T A L C O N D I T I O N S F O R R E L I A B I L I T Y A S S E S S M E N T S 42 10.1 R e l i a b i l i t y Problems a n d C o r r e s p o n d i n g Needs C o n c e r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n d i t i o n s 42 10.2 R e l i a b i l i t y Analyses o f M a r i n e O p e r a t i o n s 42 10.3 R e l i a b i l i t y Analyses f o r F a t i g u e Failures 43 10.3.1 Fixed-site structures 4 4 10.3.2 M u l t i - s i t e structures 44 10.4 R e h a b i l i t y A n a l y s i s R e g a r d i n g O v e r l o a d F a i l u r e s 44 10.4.1 C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f o v e r l o a d p r o b l e m s 44

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Environmenl 5 10.4.2 T h e a n n u a l extreme event m e t h o d 45 10.4.3 T h e peak over threshold m e t h o d 45 10.4.4 T h e a l l t i m e c l i m a t e m o d e l l i n g 46 11. C O M M E N T S A N D R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S F O R F U T U R E W O R K 46

Proceedings of the 13th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress, ISSC'97, Volume 1, Pergamon Press, ISBN: 0-08-042829-0, 18-22 August 1997, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (summary)

PROCEEDINGS OF T H E

**13"* INTERNATIONAL**

SHIP AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES CONGRESS

PROCEEDINGS OF T H E

13"' INTERNATIONAL

SHIP AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES CONGRESS

VOLUME 1

PREFACE

CONTENTS

0^5**

ENVIRONMENT

CONTENTS

Proceedings of the 13th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress, ISSC'97, Volume 1, Pergamon Press, ISBN: 0-08-042829-0, 18-22 August 1997, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (summary)

PROCEEDINGS OF T H E

13"* INTERNATIONAL

SHIP AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES CONGRESS

PROCEEDINGS OF T H E

13"' INTERNATIONAL

SHIP AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES CONGRESS

VOLUME 1

PREFACE

CONTENTS

0**^5

ENVIRONMENT

CONTENTS

**13"* INTERNATIONAL**

0^5**