Lower Liassic (“Gresten Beds") microfacies and foraminifers from the Tatra Mts

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Vol. 25, No; 3

ANDRZEJ GA2DZICKI

acta geologlca polonica

Warszawa 1975

Lower Liassic (HGresten Beds") microfacies and foraminifers from the Tatra Mts

ABSTRACT: The >Ca!l'Ibonate ;intercalations from the sub-tatric {Krizna) Lower Liassic ("Gresten Beds") y:iIeld relatively numer()fUS and stmtigraphically dmpor:tant fura- mlJnJifers. The lidentified fOlrms, Ophthalmidium leischneri (Krtistan-Tollmann), Nodosaria metensis Terquem. N. crispata Terquem, Marginultna spinata spinata Terquem, FrcmdicuZaria pupiformis HaeW!lex, Involutina liassica I(JOOieS), I. fari- nacciae &"Onnimaml & Koehn-ZaIllIinetti, . and Trocholina granoBa Frentzen, are indicative of Hett8lIlgian-Sinemurian age. The sedime'Iltary sequence, as well as the floral '8!Ild :faun.al assemblages IOlf the "Ga-esten Beds," .in the Tatra Mrts a!l"e almoSlt ideIlltical to th05e of the oontemporaneous rocks of various sectilOlns of the Alpjne- -Carpa'thian goosytncl:ine;. moreover, they appear somewhat similar to those of the

epicontinental basd:n of IIlIOrth-western Europe.

INTRODUCTION

The Lower LiaS'lic ("Giregten Beds") 'Of the sub-tatric (Krima) seI'[es is represented by detrital

~ks:

mwly shales and qua!'ltz sandstones with mall'1y and, limestone intercalations (Goetel 1916, 1917; So]wlawski 1948;

Guzik 19159), resting

on.

the Rhaetian with sedimentary continuity

(Gaz-

dzliclki 1974, 1'9!7

ⁱ

5).

This paper presents

the il'IeSllLts

of

detailed

miC!r'ofa'Ci,es

studies

on

organodclritial li.mestoIlIes inrteTlClalaltmg the Lower Liassioc sequence, and pa'I"'ticularlywell-represenued In ,the sectioiIls from Lejowa and St!rqzyska valleys (FiglS 1-4). 'The rich foi-aminJifer assemblage recently found in these intercalations (cf. Pls 2-4) made it possi,ble

'to

dafme more precisely the strati-graphic position

of

the-sequenoe.

Acknowledgements. The author is ilIldebted to Docent A Radwanski, Uni- versdty of WarsaJW, for helpful remarks and critical reading of the typescript.

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386 _

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEPOSITS

TheLQwter Li'alSSic ("Gxesten Beds") rocks

C!OOp

out

OVI€T

.alalI'ge

pa~

of Ithe sulb-tame (Krizna) exposur·e. They

a~e exposed

along

-the liortthern

s10pes

lof

the Tatra Mts '(cf. Uhlig 1191.1) where their

rthiclme9s is IeSti,mart;ed

at up to

80

m. The recognition tlf the sedimentary sequence and the characteristics

of

inorganic, argamk and biosedimenta· ry components of the Lower Lia'SSie rocks

is based

on analysis

of

selected sections from Lejowa and StrllZyska Vl8.1.

1eys (FiglS 1-4). . ,

/ -· ... ·4 .

. \~

,,?- ... .:j

1 ^j

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

o

10km

.'I-~""""'-..,..JI

; . ,"

Looality

map

^of^:the^·S'Ub-tallric Ib~

wermost Liass.ic ("Gcesten· Beds'') pooiI'ilessampled :fior foi'am:in:ifers

in

the Tatra Mts .

1 Lejowoll V.alley, 2 rSr1n'1j1:yska Valley

The Lower Liassk ("Grestem Beds") rocks are best

d~Splayed

on the northeastern sllapes

of

Mt.

W~erch

Spalenis1m (Figs 1-2). The exposures of

these rOOks

wer,e

!I:llIaped

'by K.

GuziIk, S.

Gum

& Sokolowski (119158) and Bae

(1971, Figs 3-4). The sectiOIn anruYlsed was traoed alron' g the line from Mt. Wierch

Spal~o ItoHutyLejOlweAlp

(Fig. 2) at the altitude

d!

1040-990 m a.s.l. The

s1Jrilkie

and dip

,of

the

roCks1equa'l

130

^o

/30

^o

N. The rodks belomg to the Bobrowi'ec tectonic UlIlit (cf.

Bae

197.1). The sequence rests

0IIl

the Rha'etian with sedimentary oontinuity(cf. GaZd:zicki 1974) and ils

~nted

by a

seriies,

rOV1er 60 m thick

of

sa:h.dstones and marly shaies W!ilih ocganodetrital limestOllle and

ma!rly

intercalations.

The section oompdses 7 unrits the geneTal characteristics of which is

as follows:

- -.

-

. . .

. ". .

Unit 1. - Sandy deposdts, about" 8 m thJirck, ddrectly oVerlymg brown-gray.

somewhart; if~ruginous mads and siltstones of the uppermost ~haetian (cf. Gazdzicki

1974, li'j,g. 3). The lowermost pa1'It IOf thesarndy serieS is !l.'epresented by calcareous

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LOWElR ,LIA'SlS1C ,M,ICROFAoCI'ES AND Fo.RAlVU.NIFERS 387

sandstone with pe~ecypod shell dew,is (PI. 1, Fig. 1), passin.g upwards into quartz sandstone \Wth clayey-limon.itic matrix (PI. 1, FUg. 2). No foramini:fers were !found.

Unit 2. - Darrk, sandy liinestooes, about 3 m thi,ck, with quartz g,rains and s,ome admixture of ostxaClode and crilIlo'id debris. S1ngle represen'tativ.es of CycZogyra liasina (PI. 4, FUg. 9), G~omospira sp. 'Wl. 4, FUg. 12), Ophtha~midium ~eischneri, <and Nodosari(L sp. were found.

Unit 3. - Brown-gray lamina,ted ma'rly shales, about 8 m thi'ok, with admix- tUre of fine-:gr,a'i'ned sand ,(PI. 1, F.1g. 3). No foraminifers were found.

Unit 4. - Well-bedded, dark-gray mgalIl'odetrital IJimesl'iones, albout 12 m thick, with layers up Jtoi 15 'C~ thick 'On the avera,ge. Mi<e,rosoopicaHy, the lIimes:tone may be classed as cr,ino-id-gastropod bi'O'pelmicrite with Pycnoporidium? oocrustacions and

ut.

^WI£RCH SPALENIS 0 1327 ^hi

a.s.l.

Fig. 2. Occurrr€lIloe wne of the lowermost Liassk ("Gresten Beds") deposits on the NE s'lo:pes of Mt. Wierch Spaleruisko :in the Lejoowa Va:lley; the investigated profile (1 ilIl Text-fig. 1; cl. Text-fi,g. 3) -exposed ,ailong the ravilIle from Mt. W1ier.ch S,palenisko

towards Huty Lejowe Alp

T K - "iKeUJper", T R - IRhaemaJIl (Cf. Gazdz,'c.kl 1974, 1'e~t..f,j,g. 2)

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.ANDR.ZlEJ GA2DZDCKI

envelopeS (PI. J., Fig. 5). The spores GZoboc.haete alpina (Pt 4, Figs 1~). and Eotrix aZpina (PI. 4, Fig. 3) areoomman. Among the foraminifeI'S, OphthaZmidium Zei8chneri, Planiinvol1JJta carinata (PI. 4, Fig. 8), Nodosaria sp. (PI. 2, Fig. 4), Lenticulina 8:9.

(PI. 2, FUg .. 12), M'arginuZina spinata spinata, and Involutina sp. pIiedomlinaile.

Unit 5. - Brown-gray; lam.i:nated, mall'ly shales, sometimes wdth marly interooJ.atiJoos and admixture of very fine quartz grains, about 8 m ithkk. Echilnoid sphnes and if:he SIin'gle fora'mialJifer, Ophthalmidium leischneri, were o(!Cas1onaJ.ly found.

fers

....

III

I.<

....

'" QI El

.... s:: I.<

~ "'.e- ^o

0 s:: ⁰ ....

s:: ^{.... U1} ^III ....

QI "'1.< ....

...

^0,

::l S::"'Qlo,U1 _QI

0' ... 0 .... UI s::

QI • 0, UI . 01

I.< o,U1"''''

'"

.... UI 'M .... ....

..... ::l ^III

7

20m

I

2

1

o c:=::J

¹⁴⁸⁸¹⁵

IiIIiIi

¹⁸

h:";:·q

17

W1l1

@@2

~

³

6i

^4a

'W 4b fll@5

@ 6 1;fJ7 .. 8

I

8

• 10

W· 11

• 12

• IS Fig. 3. Detail profile ,of the lowermost Liassic 1("GreS1ten Beds") deposits in the Lejowa Valley (cf. Text-fig. 11); the profile presents lithology as well as frequency and distri-

butioo of furami.nifers

OIIglmiic complOnentB: 1 ,algae Pyc.noportdtum?, 2 spores Gtobochaete and Eotrlx, 3 g,astropods, 4 pelecypods (411 entire shell1s, 4b VIaIlve· debris), 5 ostlracodes, 6 crinolds, 1 oph1'llrolds, 8 echdnolds,

9 ciqpxoJd1:ell ParajaVret1'la

(IinorgalllJilc CODJIPOIlelltB: 10 :Ia:rflraalasts, 11 pellets, 12 oodJdS Biosedlmentary eomponen!B: 13 OIIlkolites

Ll1lhoJ.agy: 14 OIimes1loInes, 15 mar1s, 16 ma.rly shales, 11 SII1ll1dstones amd detr.iJtal qUiSJl'tz Totail :Ilrequency of fOl'llllIIlllnifers: 1 1-10 lIPecdme.ns, 2 J.,l~20 specimens, 3 21~30. 4 31'-50, 5 m1)re

<ti:wI1Il SO ~ens ;I;n thin sections:Jlrom.a def:iJnite tmdJt

Dlstr:libullllJOln of wamilnd!fers IPresentilng number of spectmens at a de:fdiD.i,te species or genus In the unit; a rare (i1~O ~limens), b frequent ~1/l-25 specamens), c abundant; (more than 25

apeclmens)

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LOWER lJIAlSlSIC M.LCROF A'CllEoS .A:ND FORAMIlNIFERS 389

Unit 6. - Dark..,gray enc.rdnites, aboU't 9 m thick. M:icl'OlS'copically, the limestones are primwily represeruted by crinoid-lOS'traoode biopelsparend.te, . y;ie1.doiJng single pelecypod valves and echilIlJodd spines. For·amini:llers very numerous, repr·eseI!lted by:

Ophtha~midium wischneroi (PI. 4, Figs 15-16) sometimes of rock-builddng importance, Trochammina sp. {PI. 4, Fig. 10), Lenticulina sp. (PI. 2, Fig. 9), and Frondicu~aria

pupiformis.

Unit 7. - Brown.-gray Ina1"ly shales wdth marly m.tercalations 'and admixture of fine quartz .gra!iins, over 10 m in .thickness. No foramIDifers

were

:JlCY\llll!d.

The higher pa1rt of the "Gr,esten Beds" is obscured by Quaterna!I'Y deposits

in

;the stream bed, and the opposiJte slope displays spotted limestones .of the Lotharingti.an

I{

ej.

Bac 19'71).

S'l1R1\ZYSKA V.A11UEY

The Lower Liassie ("Gresten Beds") I'ocks 'expoSed. inStrqiyska Val'l,ey belong to the other teotOlIli,e unit, the GrzeSkawki te'ciomcslke (cf.

Fig. 1; and Guzik

&

KotaIlSki 1963). The sequence resting wiothsedimentary continui

ⁱ

tyO!l1. the Rha'etian is over

7'0

m thick; the strik,e and ddip equal

100o/50^P

N.

It ts :represented iby shales and sandstones with limestone and

mrurly int'ercaJatioTIJS (Fig. 4). The seqroonae inclJudesB

units.

Units 1-3. - BrowniSh, mardy shales .and

quartz

sands1Kmes, 14 m thick, res'lling.

on

blui'sh-gray l:imestone of the uppermost Rhaetian (cf. Gazdzicoki 1119174).

No foramindiers were lfoUllld.

Unit 4. - Dar'k-gTay, organodetrital limes:tonesabout 8 m thick. Microsco- pically, the limestones may Ibe classed as b1o.intrapelsparenite .and crin'Oiid biopel- micrdte oompos,ed I()d' crinloid, ophduroid, and gastl'lopod debris, with onkoli:tic crusts as weU as lintradas:ts, pellets, and oocaslioool 00000 (cf. Pil. 1, Figs 4, 6). The limestones yield numerous roraminifers, including: Ophtha~midium ~eischneri (PI. 4, . Fd.gs 13-14), l1epresentatives of post-TriaS'si:c Invo[utiiruidae including InvoIutina· ~iassica {PI. 3, figs 5-7),1. farinacciae (PI. 3, rigs 1-3), I. cf. turg'ida· (Pil. 3, Fig. 10), Trocho~ina

granosa, some ·NodlO&al"udae as NodosaTia cf. crispata (PI. 2, E1igs 1-2), Frondicula .. ia ef. pupiformis (Pil. 2, Fig. 3), Lenticu~ina sp. I(PI. 2, FUg. 10), as well as P~aniinvo~uta

carinata (PI. 4, Fig. 7) and P~aniinvo~uta sp. (PI. 4, Fig. 6). Other orgaJIl.ic· remains· identlified i1nclude spores ,(GZobochaete a~pina, PI. 4, Figs 4,.;-;.5),ostr,a,oooes, and ooprolites (Parafavreina &p.). .

. Unit 5. - DaIl"'k-gl'ay, sandy Limestones about 5 m thick, and yieldJing crin.oid debris with onkioUtic crusts, as well as SIOllle intraclasts and pellets. Here were found spores (GLobochaete a~pina) ·and s.ome foraminiie.rs: FTondicu~ria pupifarmis, Nodosaria sp., Lenticulina sp. and Ophtha~midium ~eischneTi.

Units 6-8. - Brown-gray, marly shal'es intercalated with marls, siltsrtones and, ,occasionally, with orgalllode1Jrital lillIle5ltones, over 40 m tbi'Ck. Some forami!Illife;rs

6

(6)

ffl-

,/». N· '<I~

R~~

III

~~g 5;[.:n

'0 '<I >'S ·0

f~~

~:n ~!I>o ~ Ft>

... ~l &. g;

q'IICD

... -

'-"0 .•• :l'l !!I .... ~. rA

i

El

n~

Pl'Of:!

f>i :-;.

rn

$ -. .... i o

t:T ., CD ~ CD rn c+ ~

~ ~~

po oq IIf 11> '<I (lI );/,11)0. ~ rn

j

8~0. ~ ~ III

'j51~

Ho .... J,... F-+, M- O<!>;rn • III

.e;.g

Er ~g; ~1Il

LOWER LlASSIC("GI?ESTEN BEDS") .... <:J, 0) ~

•

II!!iI

I

HETTANGIAN ,.. SINEMURIAN

~l"l.anl.l.nvoluta carinata involuta sp. ~nalmidium leischneri crispata cf. crispata metensis aria sp. lomia sp. cularia pupiformis I-~·ronal.cularia cf. pupiformis cularia sp. sp. spinata spinata liassica cf. liassica cf. tu;rgida farinacciae sp. granosa Stage

"l o '1 ~ .... ::s ....

...

(I) '1 en

g; 8

I:Il c-t-~ :: ::T

pq('!) ~ ~ ~: 8

"1

o

$I)

!}

~ I:Il ... -'< (') rp

';-ha ~<t1

N

a

... UJ· 1>;'.

Rc

~

l?'lg; g §

!n . .,... p;"<"1"

...

00

... ~~

CI)::T '1:I:j

::s.

... P" ~ ~. 1:',:). """0

~ Iil s·

0"' '< ~ (0 >-: I

!5''O 5-g.

0. .... ""'~

~~

'<I ... p..

!§. ~.

§

~

...

.... <tI -.::. ~. ':-"~

g

~. !'il

i

~.

~ [ .g. ! 8. 1il

~.

~ ~ ~

~

er

::l po ~.

-

"<:

~ co

I g

No

o ~

~ ....

(7)

<LOWER IJIA'SISIC MLCROFACllEiS AND FORAMIINl'FERS 391

FORAMINIFERS

The foraminifers were JOUlIld m orgaarodetrital limestones and, occasionally, in mal."'lY interoalations

in

the sequences analysed. The roramindf,eTS, fairly

.

oOa:nmO!ll in 'bhese rocks, are represetIlted by 24

taxa~

the majority of which

are

illustrated in Plates 2-4.

The fooaminifer assembla, ge

oOII1prises:

Glomosptrll $. - :PI. 4, Fd.g. 1'2 Trochammina &p. - Pl. 4, Fig. 10

Cyc;Logyra UaBtna (Te.rq.uem, 1866) - Pl. 4, JM;g. 9

Pta:n4.invoiuta cannata Lelischlner, 1981 - !Pl. 4, F1Lgs ~ Ptanilnvo~uta ~. - PI. 4, fig. 6

Ophth'l1lmidtum leischneri (IKlr:iBtaJn-TolLmaJnn. 1982.) - FI1. 4, F,igj; ll3I-!16 Ophth~mldiu.m ~. - iP'l..' 4, Flog. 11

Nodo8aria metensls Terquem, ·1884 N'odosll'ria crispata Terqouem, 1886

Nodosarla cf. crlspata Te!l"quem, 1006 - '.Pl. 1, Figs 1'-2 Nodosarla &p. - PI. 2, Fd.gs 4, 7-8. . Austroooiomia SIP.

Frondieuta,ria puplformls Haeusler, UI8l

Frcmdicularla cl. puplfCJrT1ll4.s Haeus1er, ,11181 - Plo ~ Fj,g. 3 Frondicutarla SIP. - PI. 1, figs l>-6

LenticuUna SlP. - iPI. 2, FIi.gs 9-12 Mal'ginutlna spinata sptnata Terquem, 11156 Invotutlna Uas8tca (Jones, 1953) - .Pl. 3, FIigs 5-'1 Invol.ut/ma clf. LiasBtca {.JOIlle6, 11853) - :PI. 3, Figs 8-9 Invotutl.na cf. turgida iKrlistaJll, 1$5'1 - :PI. D, Fj,g.. 10

Invoiutlna fa1'inacciae BrOrmilmaJIm & lKoehn-Zmn,i,netti, ·1969 - PlI. 3, Figs 1....", Invoiutlna ~. - PI. 3, F;ig. 4

Trochotlna granosa Flrenstzen, 194!1 TrochoLtrui ~.

In

this

foramirufer assembla' ge, the families Nodosariida·e and In· v·o- lutinidae predomrlmate both in number of

taxa

and individuals, being

repre\Sleillted

by 10 and 7 taxa, respectively. The families Fische:rinidae (with 3 taxa), and .AmmodisCidae and Trochamminidae (1 taxonea· ch) aTe represented in subordilllate numbers. In ,the

case

'Of the family Miliolidae (with

two

taxa), a special attention should be paid to Ophthalmidium leischneri (KriStan.-Tollrnann), :represetnted by very high number of individuals (over 500) 'rund locaJly gaming rock-forming importance (cf.

Figs 3-4). This

species '\VIaS

previouSly descrihed under various generic names; as -e.g. Neoanguladiscus or Vidalina

(f:!.

Wernli 19'72), and its revision i's the· subjeCt of a separate paper (Ga:7x:l:zJi.cki 1976).

The foram,inifer assemblage fOUiIl.d:in the

Lower

Liassic rodkIs of

Ithe

Tatra Mts :is characterized by

vast

goog· raphical distribution in the

.

whole

Lower Li~ic

of the

Tethyan

geosynclin'e, and its particular

reptresen~

tatives air'e

known,.

frornlthe Slovakian

CaI'lpathians

(Misik 19'61, 1964), Vi1 enna /baSin (KTista:n-TOllmaInn 1'962), Northexn Alps (Weynschenk 1950;

Hagn 1'955; Leischner 1

,

9.5'9, 1961), Southeil'll Alps (Cita 1965; Cousm &

Neumann 1971), Apennines (Farinacci 1967; Bronnimal1iIl & Koehll- -Zanlinetti 1969; ManganelH & Zucca· ri 1969), Karavanken Mts (Ramovs

& Rebek 19' 70), Croatia

.

(Gusic

&

Baibic 1972), Taurus Mts (Brannimann

(8)

392 ANDRiZEJGAZnZICKI

&

al.

1970).

MiQI'OOver, th€'l'e ilS

atn

impo:r:baint admixture (about

10

taxa) 'Of elemenrt::s in oommon

with

foraminlifer assemblages of EaTly Liassl.c epi- continental basin of nortth-westem Eu['ope (cf. Fxanke

1936;

Brouwer

19'69;

Schloz

197~).

The species ID common primarUy include: Involutina liassica, Trocholina granosa, Nodosaria metensis, Frondicularia pupiformis, and Cydogyra liasina.

STRATIGRAPHY·

The sequence of Lower Liassic ("Ga-esten Beds';) rocks orests wioth a seddmentaory 'calILtinuity on the Rh8Jetian rocks with a

good

stratigraphic reoord (primarily based on fQraminifers; cf. GaZdzicki

1974, 1975).

The uppermost unit

(iWith

Triasina hantkeni,the .guide

fossH of

the Upper Rhaietian 1) and the loweTllnoSlt unit (with Lower Liassic foramilnifers, including Ophthal11iidium leischneri, Involutina farinacciae aIIld I. liassica) a:r:e separated by a ID-meter seTtes

101£

,rocks :r:epr,eseIIlting facies un.£a\7o- urable for foraminifers {cf. Figs

3 ...

·4; see also Gazdzicki

1974,

Fig.

12,

and Gazdziclki

197'5,

Table

1).

Wdthin this series, which at the same time represents the inteTVai

of

'OOr'l'elational error, passes the Rhaetian/

/Hettang'ian

(=

from

rocks oldeT than the Hettangian; moreo,ver, in a bOlI"lehol'e

driUed in theVletiJnJa

ba.siJn (cf. KriSta:h-Tol'lrman:n

1962),

this species was fuund in a

cOre

sanirpleYl' elding Arietites sp., the ammonite typical 'Of theSinernurian, and this stage is tentatively acoopted as the

1 The species Triasina hantkeni Majzon ·wasoccasionaUy reported from the Lower Liass:ic (cf. Cr!OS '& NeumaJlln 1004; Cousin & Neumann 1i971). but these recO'l'ds were questiOlIled by Salaj (1969)a.nd the author (Gaidzick:i 1974, 1975). Tne sequence alll.'alysed does not demonstrate the occur;reIlJCe of this 'species dn the LoWer Liassic; thus, taking into account the well-dated lOCalities) it should be stated that the range of Tria:s?,na hantkeni does 'not pass beyond the uppermost Rhaetiatn.· .

(9)

ACTA GEOLOG1CA POiLON.J:CA, VOL. 25 A. GAZ,DZICKI, PL. 1

1 Ca!looll'oo'lls, qu.alTtz sandstoll1e wlith ,p€l1eCylpo<l debrts; Lej'OIWa V!1IHey (unit 1), X 5;

2 Quar.tz,samdsWne wj1J1 CIlayey~limomtic ma!t.rix; LejOlWa ValLley (unLt 1), X5;

3 Lamjona!te<i malT'ly .sha:le willth ftne-graine<i sand; Lejowa Valley (unit 3), X 5;

4 Biointra!pelspalreni1te c,om.posed of gastropod, QPhiuraiKi and crinoid <Ieb.rO.s wi,th onkolitJc CTU&ts, as we,ll as of 'ntnaolasts, ped'1ets and few ooids; Strqzyska Valley (unit 4), XI0;

5 Or:i'noti<l-ga&trOlpoo bi.opedmicrdite with Pycnoporidium? enc'rustings (a'l'rowed)i Lejowa VaUey (unit 4), X 10;

6 Crd!notid bi.opeLrniCiTOte; Strqzyska V.a1ley ('tlJIl!it 4), X 1~

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ACTA G'EOLOGICA POLONJiCA, VOL. 25 . A. GAZDZ]10KI; PIL.· 2

Lower Liassk Nodosariidae

1-! - Nodosaria cf.· crispata Terquem; Sbrllzyska Valley (unit 4), X100.

3 - Frondicularia cf.. pupiformis HaeuSletr; Sbrllzysik.a V.aUey (un.i.t3), .. X 100.

4, 7-8 - Nodosaria sp.: 4 fll'Olll IUejowa VIiIHey ('IlInit 4), 7-41 ftrom StrllzYska Va:IlJ.ey (und,t 4), X 100 5-6 - Frondicularia sp.; Srtil'llzySk·a Val![ey ~unit 4)., X 100.

9-12 - Lenticulina sp.: 9 from IStrllZySka VaJJ.ey (uniJt 4), ~2 from Lejoowa Vral!ey (IUn.its 4 a,nd 6), X 100.

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ACTA GEOLOGICA POLONliCA, VOL. 25 A. GAZ,DZIFCKJ, :ru-. 3

Lower Liassic Lnrvolutinidae all s;pecimens from Socllzyska Valley (Il!l1it 4) 1-3 - Invotutina fartnacciae Br~nnima.nJn & iKoehn~anJiJnetU; aJtial sectLons, X80.

4 - Invotutina sp.: ax.i.aa section, X 1:50 .

.5-7 - Invotuttna ltassica (Jones); 1IXiia[ sections (5 megalospheric form, 6-7 miorosphedc

[.Ol'llll5) , X80 .

.8-9 - Invotutina cf. ltasstca (Jones): 8 axia~ section (miorospheric form), 9 equatorial section (mega'l<llSphet'iic form); X80.

10 - Invotutlna cf. turglda Kristan; sUbaxial section, X 100.

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394 ANDRZlEJ GA:ZDZI,CKI

The carbonate sediments are primarily l'epresented by organooetrital limestones, as fWiell

as

marly limestones

and

madsf'Orrming some int€T- ca,latians in this seque!rlce. Maerofauna

of this

unit,

l'eported

by Goetel (1916, 1917), includes Gryphaea arcuata Lamarck 'and Pentacrinus

cf.

tuberculatus Miller.

The ol'ganodetritai limestones, the only foraminifoer..Jbearing rocks here" are ciharnoterized by rtJhe high contribution

of

vari'Ous grained compOnents, including bio- and intraclasts, pellets, 'Ooids, 'Onkolites and fine-grained detrital qua'l"tz.

The foraminifers are the main microfaunistic components of the communities

whl,ch

also I(xlOlllprise , benthic foOrm;s atta'ched toO the bottom (pelecypods and orinJOids) as w:el1 as va'gHe

(gta:stropods,

opbiuroids and echinodds), aroompanlied by

~ooos

Globochaete

and

Eotrix

(PI. 4,

Figs

1-

5), arinoid-bioc1ast IeIlcrusting algae Pycnoporidium? (PI. 1, Fig. 5) and

astracodleS. It ShOiUld

Ibe (DJoted

Ibhat

both bioclasUs

and

single fOlfam!i.nifer tests ofttenundeTWent 'Onkoli'tlizatilQIl or, SIQIIIletimes, oolitimtion. The former prooess inv,oo:ved

fOl'matiQn of

onlrolitic crusts

(PI. 2,

Figs

6, 12;

PI. 4,

Fig.

5)

and, suJbsequently,

thin u:niform

env,eloOpes

(PI.

2, Figs 1-2,

5;

PI.

3,

Figs

1-3,6-7, 10)

and thick

irregular ooatin:gJs

(PI.

3, F, ig.

5; PI. 4,

Fig.

4).

The dev.e1opmenrt;

,df

,a'lgal coatings around hiocLasts 'or foraminifer tests indkates deposition

under

shailow-marine conditiOIllS in the photic zone. In turn, the OC'C'UI'renoe

of

intradasts, ooids, and numerous calcaren- ites o(UJSUally represented by crinoid Ibioclasts) indicates high agitation 'Of waters, typical

of

the, subtidal zone

I(cf.

-by

the predominance of ,tel'lrigenic martierial.

The

chm-adtier

of these

deposits re:Ill-ects 'Some g,enoeral ohanges and

especially ,epeiric m!ovements active at the turn

of

the Triassic and

Jurassk. The

mOve'lll€lIlts

resulted in

a :rIlIM'ked,

decrease in ,the depth of

the basin

in

relation to .thalt 'Of the Rha,etian times, some l'egt"eSSion not

leamng to land emersion at \the

'turn of

the Rhaetian aIIld Hiettangian, and

in the predom'inallllOe

of

clastic deposiJts in Ithe seque!rl' ce studied.

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iLOWElR IUIAISiSl:C iMiICROF A'C~S AJND FORAMllNlFERS 395

The "Gresten

Beds"

I'Iest

0iIl.

Upper Rhaetian rocks (GaZdzicki

1974, 11975)

and are'OVea:-Iayed Iby spotted limestones (Fleckenmergel; Goetel

1916),

and they may be dated

Ql1.

the basis of foralminifers alt the Hettangian -SinemuriaIIlJ \Stages.

Al. Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, P,oZand Warsa.w, ApriZ 1975

2 It should be lIloted that Lower Liass!ic sequence of the high-tatrie series of the Tatra Mts, studied iill detalH by Radwa.nski 1(1959a, b), appears antirely differ,ent fll"om that of the "Gresten Beds"; this i's alttributable to an intrageoanticIinal setting of the hiigh-<tatric basin duriJng the Mesoooic.

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ANDlRZEJ GAZDZX,CKI

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LOWER LIA'SISIC iMlCRiOF A'C:w;:,S A:NID FORAMLNIFERS 397

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A. GAZDZICKl

MIKROFACJE I OTWORNICE Z "WARSTW GREST~SKICB"

DOLNEGO LIASU REGLOWEGO TATR

(StTeszczenie)

W opardu 0 profile z Doliny Lejowej i Doliiny StrllzySlkiej przedstawiono

na\St~pstWjo ooad6w oraz charak1;erystyk~ mikro!acjal'llq "warstw grestenskich" naj- n'izszego 1iasu plaszcWW'iny reglowej dolnej Tatr (pOT. fig. 1-4 oraz

,pt

1). W w~gla

nowych wkmdkach VI lobr~bde tej sekwencji stwderdzono oboonoSc szeregu otwornic o znaczentiu g,tratygrafkznym (pOT. pt 2>-4). Najliczniej reprezentowalllre sll tutaj rodziny Nodlolsariddae, Illlvolurtilnidae i MilioUdae, wsr6d kt6ryC'll rozpoznano ponad 20 takson6w szczebla ga.tunkowego d podga.tunkowego, m.in: Ophthalmidium leisch- neri (Kristan-TdIJmann), Nodosaria metensis Terquem, N. crispata Terquem, Margi- nulina spinata spina.ta Terquem, Frorndicularia pupiformis Haeusler, Involutina liassica (JOllles), I. fa.rinacciae B~ann & Koehn-Zanilnetti oraz TrochoZina granosa F'rentzen. Wymien;Lone otWOll"ndce okreslajll wiek zawier·ajllcych je osad6w na hettang - synernur.

Zm:iennooc i nast~pstwo osald6w, a takze zesp61 element6w f1orystyc~nych i fa- unistyczny:ch "wars.tw gr'estensJcich" doJ.n.egJo li()Jsu reglowego Tatr sll prawie iden- tyc'zne ze spQ!1;y'k·anymi w analogioczuY'ch osadalCh w calej geosynImi'llie alpejsko-kar-

pack~ej. Osady te wylkazuj~ takZe ,pewne podobienstwo do r6wnowie!kowych utwor6w basenu epikontynootalJ!1eg·o p6kwcnO-ZlCiJchodndej Euwpy.