SUBOBJECT-provision crew. Determination of object models

Netherlands United Shipbuilding Bureau's

NEVESBU

SUBOBJECT-provision crew

Determination of object models

Pa

H.M Claessen

Project: SUBOBJECT

Rapport number: PROVISION CREW, 1.0

SUBOBJECT project

CONTENT OF REPORT

CONTENT OF REPORT ₂

PREFACE ₄

INTRODUCTION ₅

0.1 Context Provision crew 5

0.2 Planning of activities 5

0.3 Content of the report ₆

FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION LEADING TO THE OBJECTS OF

"PROVISION CREW" ₇

1.1 Functional decomposition ₇

1.1.1 Main vehicle functions ₇

1.1.2 Components 8

1.1.3 Criteria for the decomposition to components 8

1.2 _{From functional decomposition to objects 9}

1.2.1 _{Criteria for the determination of the type of object 9}

1.2.2 _{Criteria for the determination of the type of attributes 9}

1.3 Criteria for selection of objects ₁₀

1.3.1 Objects forming "Provision crew" 11 1.4 _{Changes made to the SWBS list to meet the criteria of}

object selection ₁₁

FUNCTION "PROVISION CREW" ₁₃

2.1 Provision crew ₁₃

2.2 _{Description and explanation of the choice of the type of}

object forming "Provision Crew" ₁₄

2.3 Unmanned underwater vehicles ₁₈

DATA COLLECTION ₁₈

3.1 Type of data that has to be collected ₁₈

3.2 Vehicles used for the data collection ₁₉

3.3 _{Literature survey about the behaviour ofcomponents 19}

3.4 _{Reliability of the collected data 20}

3.5 Accuracy of the collected data ₂₀

Version 1.0 _{Page 3, Updated July 8, 1994} SUBOBJECT project

3.6 Naval standards 20

3.7 Storage of the data 20

FROM DATA TO "OBJECT MODELS" 21

4.0 Introduction 21

4.1 Numerical relations 21

VERIFICATION OF THE "OBJECT MODELS" 22

5.0 Introduction 22

5.1 Activities for the verification of object models 22 5.1.1 Literature survey of boats that already have been

built 23

5.1.2 Measuring the deck area of the accommodation

from drawings and sketches 23

5.1.3 Calculation of the deck area of the object "Accommodation" according to the design

algorithms of the object model 24

5.1.4 Comparison of the object model to the measured

size of the deck area. 24

CONCLUSIONS ₂₅

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ₂₅

REFERENCES ₂₆

APPENDIX A DEFINITIONS ₂₇

APPENDIX B SWBS-LIST ₂₈

APPENDIX C "COMPONENT CHARACTERISTICS" ₃₂

APPENDIX D VERIFICATION OF OBJECT MODEL

SUBOBJECT project

PREFACE

This report has been written within a project of industrial traineeship at NEVESBU (Netherlands United Shipbuilding Bureau's), in accordance with the department of Naval Architecture at the Haarlem Polytechnics.

A model for the exploration and design of submarine vehicles is developed [VD. Nat, 1993] at Delft University of Technology, NEVESBU and RDM.

This model is called "SUBCEM" (SUBmarine Concept Exploration Model).

"SUBCEM" will be used to make concepts for new underwater vehicles, and it will also be used to explore existing underwater vehicles.

"SUBCEM" contains numerical relations which describe the object model ofan underwater vehicle.

Object model of an object has been defined as a numerical relation which describes the relation between the characteristics of a group of components within the object and its functional dependencies.

The determination of the "object model" of components, which can be found in one of the main functions of underwater vehicles, called "provision crew", is _{the major topic} of this report. This is explored in a separate project called "SUBOBJECT" _{[vd. Nat].} The "SUBOBJECT" project is

_{a separate research project within the Concept}

Exploration Model (CEM). The results of this

_{report will be used as part of}

"SUBOBJECT", therefore parts of this report are made in co-operation with C. vd. Nat.

The area of validity of the "object models" following to this report, concern

underwater vehicles, within a range of 1000 - 3000 ton submerged displacement, and a range of 20 - 80 crew members. Exceeding these ranges can cause invalidity of the object models.

The Hague June 1994

INTRODUCTION

0.1 Context Provision crew

The major topic of the "SUBOBJECT project [vd. NATI will be the determination of "object models" of all components which can be found in underwater vehicles. This report describes the determination of "object models" which belong to one of the eight

main functions of an underwater vehicle; called "provision crew". Scientific

principals and the design behaviour, following to the data collection result in

numerical relations of objects ("Object models"), which can be implemented into a knowledge based system called QUAESTOR.

Functional dependencies are used as input values to the object model, e.g. the number of crew, endurance or the submerged period of the underwater vehicle. The output values are weight, volume and deck area, which are required for sizing a underwater vehicle (figure 0.1).

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Funcnonal dependencies Figure 0.1

The following paragraph will show the activities which have been carried _{out to} determine the "object model".

0.2 Planning of activities:

To determine the object models the following activities have been carried _out.

Method of obtaining numerical models for description of the object models.

Identifying a limited number of standard groups of components (objects) by using a functional decomposition strategy .

Object model Charac:cristics -Weient -Cost -Enenrv consumption -Dimension

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Analysis of functional dependencies of components by using data of existing designs and scientific principles ,this includes:

Production of a data base of existing designs

Literature survey about the behaviour of components

Translating the functional dependencies of a group of components (objects) into numerical relations (object models).

1- _{Overview of the complete network of relations, paying close attention}

to dependencies between several objects

Determination and explaining of dependencies between performance and design characteristics

A numerical model for each group of components (objects) will be made.

Verification of the object models

1- _{Verification of numerical relations with the help of already built}

underwater vehicles within the ranges of validity.

0.3 Content of the report

This report contents a description of the methods which are used to determine ''object models" of components which belong to main function "Provision crew". To

determine an object model, several activities have been carried out _{as can be seen in} "planning of activities" in chapter 0.2. Objects have to be defined using the

decomposition strategy. This strategy is described in chapter land has been usedto select objects. Chapter 2 describes the function of "provision crew". In this _{chapter a} clear description of the objects, which are defined in chapter 1, will be given. The object models contain numerical relations, therefore a data base had to be created, to store the information about the components e.g. weight and_{space demands. Chapter 3} describes in which way this data collection has been done. The_{data had to be}

translated into numerical relations. This is described in chapter 4. _{Numerical relations} of objects are can be used to implement into _{a knowledge based system. Finally,} Chapter 5 describes the verification of the object model.

Figure 1.1 Functional decomposition _MODEL

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1

_{FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION LEADING TO}

THE OBJECTS OF "PROVISION CREW"

1.1 Functional decomposition

Functional decomposition is used to identify a limited number of standard

components called objects. These objects are used to describe the space demands and weight of the components within the object. Therefore numerical relations of the objects have to be made.

Within the decomposition several levels of description are used for the location of every component, as shown in figure 1.1. _{REAL WORLD}

The function of the vehicle (ship) as a whole has been divided into eight main

functions. The following sub-paragraph shows the eight main functions of the vehicle.

1.1.1 Main vehicle functions

The following eight vehicle functions are identified.

-creating floating platform propulsion

ship support

(underwater) ship control navigation

observation and communication provision crew

-special (military) functions

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These main functions are satisfied by (sub-) systems. On the deepest level of the decomposition. the sub-systems are called components (Fig. 1.1).

1.1.2 Components

A component is a group of equipment having the same function. Components are the basic building blocks in the design. Examples of components are e.g. sewage system, emergency lighting system, portable fire extinguishers and officer berthing and

messing spaces. Functional decomposition is used by the designer for the

identification of these components.

1.1.3 Criteria for decomposition to components

The decomposition to components has been based on the terminology of the Ship

Work Breakdown Structure (SWBS). Appendix B shows the SWBS-list.

Decomposition to components has been done for two reasons.

Databases of some existing designs are based on the SWBS system. The SWBS list will probably be the future standard in underwater vehicle design.

1. Databases of existing designs are basedon the SWBS system.

Databases of some existing designs use the SWBS subdivision, for example the Moray [RDM] design. Databases of the Walrus [Royal Dutch Navy] and Sea _Dragon [Republic of China] use the Standard Marine Structure (SMI)-terminology for this subdivision. This had to be transposed into the SWBS-system. The components in the SWBS-list are grouped in a different way than those in the SMI-list. This leads to differences in the weight calculation between the components of different ships. These differences are explained by analysis of the components. This analysis of the components was done by use of the Ship Work Breakdown Structure (SWBS) which made clear which equipment formed _{a component. The object's weight and space} demand will not change if the components belonging to that object have changed their equipment relative. When an object is created, it's object model gives _{a certain weight} and space demand to the object. The space and weight demands of all components within the object have been added up to give the weight and space demands of the object. For example the weight of the crew and the weight of the personnel stores is not separated in the weight calculation. The crew and the personnel stores belong to

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the same object. Both have the same dependencies and therefore the total weight of the object will not change.

2. The SWBS list will be the future standard in underwater vehicle design

The SWBS list will probably be the future standard. The SWBS list has been

internationally accepted for underwater vehicle design. Therefore it will be easier to implement future designs into the object models. It will also be easierto compare existing designs to new designs made within SUBCEM. This may lead to a faster verification of the object models.

1.2 _{From functional decomposition to objects}

The individual components of a vehicle can be classified into objects . Each has its own design parameters describing the object model.

The following sub-paragraphs show the criteria to determine the type of object and so-called attributes. The type of object describes the type of space demand of an object like: volume, deck area, minimal required height and length of an object. Attributes of objects describe special behaviour of objects, e.g. use available space

above other objects first, or size of object is dependenton available space.

1.2.1 Criteria for the determination of the type of object

Defining objects: Objects are groups of components, which will be placed into the vehicle. There are three ways to describe an object.

Object type 1: Object is described by length, deck-area, height and _volume. Object type 2: Object is described by deck-area, height and volume.

Object type 3: Object is described by volume.

1.2.2 _{Criteria for the determination of the type of}

_attribute

Except for dividing objects into different types, we can also add one ore more of the following defined attributes to the object.

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Divided: Objects of type 2 and 3 can be separated into different parts, each partcan be defined on a different location. For instance: the accommodation can be divided into a

part which is located on the upper deck and another part on the lower deck.

Fill up: Used for objects of type 2 and 3. The size of the object is depending on the available space in the cell. For instance: fuel tanks which will fill up a space where no other objects have been defined.

Free Volume Included: Used for object type 3. The object can be placed above already located objects in the free volume (unoccupied volume above already placed objects). For instance: Gas exhaust system which is placed above the diesel-generator sets.

Volume Between Frames Incl.: Used for object type 3. The volume of the object can also be placed in the space between (pressure-hull-, deck- and bulkhead -) frames.

Orientation: Used for object type I. The length and width (breadth) of the object can be changed. For instance: Integrated platform control and monitoring _system.

Margin: Objects of type 2 and 3. The size of the object is depending _{on the size of the} totally filled cell-space in which the object is to be placed. For instance: Service space in the engine room.

1.3 _{Criteria for selection of objects}

The following will give the criteria for the selection of _objects.

-Objects must contain components which have the same parameters describing the object model.

Objects must contain components having the_{same type of object.} Objects must contain components having the same type of attribute. -Objects should to be located at once.

-Objects must contain components having the same function.

If the number of selection criteria would increase, the number of objects would also increase. SUBOBJECT has approximately 50 objects. An increasing number of objects would make the generation of_{a new design more complex.}

1.3.1 Objects forming "Provision crew"

"Provision crew" is one of the eight main vehicle functions. This main function is divided into the following seven objects:

1 life support crew A

2 life support crew B

3 life saving equipment 4 accommodation

5 crew

6 black water

7 fresh water

The functions of these objects and the reason to divide the main function "provision crew" into these seven objects will be further discussed in chapter 2.

1.4 _{Changes made to the SWBS-list to meet the criteria of object selection}

In order to meet the criteria of object selection (chapter 1.3), several changesto the SWBS-list have been made. Components in the SWBS-list which do not meet the requirements of the object selection had to be placed in another main group and object in the SWBS-list. Appendix B shows both, the previous andnew SWBS lists. The components which are placed in an object not being part of main group "Provision crew" will be further discussed.

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3311 General, orientation and adaptive lighting Moved to group 340 "Energy Distribution energy.

3312 Emergency lighting system

Moved to group 340 "Energy Distribution energy.

3313 Auxiliary lighting system

Moved to group 340 ''Energy Distribution energy.

3314 Operational lighting system

Moved to group 340 "Energy Distribution energy.

3320 Lighting fixtures: in 3310

because this component distributes

because this component distributes

because this component distributes

because this component distributes

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Moved to group 340 "Energy Distribution" because this component belongs to the lighting systems.

5110 Compartment heating system

Moved to group 340 "Energy Distribution" because this component is part of the component ''Air conditioning systems".

5551 HaIon fire extinguishing system

Moved to group 340 "Energy Distribution" because this component has piping along the vehicle.

5552 Portable fire extinguishers

Moved to group 340 "Energy Distribution" because this component is part of the component "HaIon fire extinguishing system.

5941 BIBS/HIS system

Moved to group 340 "Energy Distribution" because this component has piping along the vehicle.

5942 Escape trunk flood/drain system: in 5941

Moved to group 112 "Trunks and enclosures" because thiscomponent is always allocated in this object.

4365 Radiac system

Moved to group 900 "Auxiliary command" because this component is a

military component used for nuclear warnings and informing the command. 5951 Underwater signal ejectors

Moved to group 112 "Trunks and enclosures" because this component is a part of the hull structure

5943 Marker buoy system

Moved to group 400 "Ship control outboard equipment". 5944 Beacon set DSRV

Moved to group 112 "Trunks and enclosures" because this component is a part of the pressure hull structure.

6620 Control centre furnishings

Moved to group 400 Intergated platform control because it is _{part of the} internal arrangement of the control centre.

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2

_{FUNCTION "PROVISION CREW"}

The main function of "Provision crew" is to provide the crew of a living environment, indoor climate, air cleaning, (warm) water generating and distribution, provisions, cooling, berthing and messing spaces. The next paragraph shows a summary of the main-systems of the (main) function "Provision Crew"[Allmendinger,1990].

2.1 Provision crew

On-board persons as human systems, affect submersible design and create internal design constrains by virtue of their physiological and psychological characteristics. These systems effects on object modelling can be viewed from the perspective of

three considerations.

life protection comfort support.

life protection

Life protection implies protection of the human system from sea environment, under one-atmosphere and dangerous characteristics of other systems. Examples include the necessity to enclose human systems in pressure hulls, the location of potentially dangerous systems (such as batteries and high-pressure air systems)_{in separate spaces} and the need to incorporate escape- _{or rescue systems into the design.}

comfort

Life comfort implies the productivity of the human system existing in a foreign environment, a consideration which becomes increasingly important as the mission duration increases. The "habitability" or "human-engineering" aspects of the design address this consideration. It also influences, for example, the atmospheric control

and also the pressure hull's internal

_{arrangement, decor and noise attenuation} measures. The last mentioned influences will however not be discussed in this _project.

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3. support.

Life support system can be divided into atmospheric-, food-, water-, and waste-management systems. The atmospheric-waste-management system is responsible for the proper breathing gas composition, this includes: carbon dioxide removal, contaminant removal, atmospheric monitoring, and temperature/humidity control. Food, water and waste management systems depends primarily on the mission duration. Despite the informality of this system, it is important that it also include some kind of emergency ration which will last as long as the emergency atmospheric management materials. This system increases in complexity as the mission duration and number of crew

increases. Both a cold food storage space and a heating device must be provided. Freshwater tankage must also be provided for potable and shower water if ambient-pressure systems are included in the design. The waste management system, parallels the food and water subsystem.

2.2 Description and explanation of the choice of the type of objects forming "Provision crew"

Life support crew A

The object "life support crew A" consists of components which provide the crew of an operational environment.

The object "life support A" contains CO2 removal chalk, generation of oxygen, air

analysing-, sanitary flushing-, domestic fresh and hot water-, and general

entertainment system. Without these systems human life would_{not be possible during} long submerged periods, therefore the use of these systems is absolutely necessary.

This object contains components having a volume demand. Several components, of this object, for instance general entertainment-, and sanitary flushing _{system are} located within components belonging to the object "accommodation". Therefore _the volume of these components is not included in the object model of "lifesupport crew

A" but in the object model of the object "Accommodation". The only _{data these} components require is their weight, because the weight of the components will be determined in the object model of the object "life support crew A". Domestic fresh and hot water system, consists mainly of boilers which do not have a deck-area demand. The CO2 absorption material and 02 candles have volume demands. They can be placed wherever the volume is present to their location. The 02 generation system can be placed on different locations not having a deck area demand. All components of "Life support crew A" can be placed above already located objects in

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the free volume. The object can also be separated into different parts and each part can be defined on a separate location, for instance upper- and lower deck. It can be concluded that the object "life support crew A" is an object of type 3, and the type of attribute is free volume included and divided

Life support crew B

This object consists of three components which support the life of the crew.

Garbage ejector system Fresh water generating system CO2 absorption system

Garbage ejector system

The garbage ejector will be filled with garbage. When the ejector is filled, the upper hatch will be closed and the outside hatch will be opened. The garbage will fall out of the ejector being heavier than sea-water. The garbage ejector is often located in the machine room.

Fresh water generating system

The fresh water generating system produces fresh water out of sea water. Two types

of fresh water generating systems are identified in underwater

_{vehicles. The} evaporator and the reverse osmosis unit. The reverse osmosis unit is a more modern system of generating fresh water. Therefore new designs will most probably place a reverse osmosis unit in their engine room.

CO2absorption system

The CO2 absorption system is used to absorb CO2 out of the air. The CO2 absorption system contains six CO2 chalk canisters which have to be changed when the CO2 percentage rises up to a dangerous level during submerged periods. Normally _the underwater vehicle is provided of at least two CO2 absorption systems. This is done because of redundancy reasons.

The type of attribute is divided because the CO2 absorption system is located in the accommodation while the fresh water generating- and garbage ejector system are located in the machine room. It is also very likely to have more CO2 absorption systems in the vehicle which can be located in different spaces. All three components

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have a deck area, height and volume demand. Therefore the type of object is 2,

divided.

Life saving equipment

Life saving equipment is an object that consists of three components, which will be used in case of emergency. They contain mainly SSE grenades and _{rescue suits. If the} underwater vehicle is not able to return to the surface the crew will shoot the SSE grenades to the surface. A bright light will appear and this will make it easier _{to the} rescue vessels to locate the underwater vehicle . The rescue suits will be used if the

crew has to leave the vehicle in emergency situations.

The type of object is 3, because the life saving equipment has _{a volume demand. The} type of object is divided and free volume included. This is because of the division of the SSE-grenades and rescue-suits in the front and aft of the vehicle. The life saving equipment can be placed on a location were the free volume is present to it's location.

Accommodation

Accommodation provides the crew of all housing facilities and provisions. Housing facilities include: berthing and messing spaces, galley, pantry, sanitary spaces, stores and stowage facilities.

The provisions include medical-, cool-, cold-, dry and general provisions.

All provisions including cabin doors, workshops and inventory_{have the type of object} 3, which means they have a volume demand. All these components have their volume included in the components of the housing facilities, for _{instance: storerooms and} messing spaces. Therefore their volume is already included in the object model. The data of the provisions, including, cabin doors, inventory and workshops, have to contain the weight of these components. The housing facilities have a type of object 2 because they have a deck area, volume and _{a minimum required deck height.}

The object accommodation _{is an object type 2. The type of attribute is divided} because the object should be able to be divided into _{two or more separate decks.}

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Crew

This object contains all crew members and their luggage. Five different types of crew can be identified:

-commanding officer (CO) -officers (Off s)

-petty officers (PO's) -ratings

-extra (passengers / trainees)

The number of crew depends mainly on the function, size and rate of automatization of the vehicle.

The crew is an object of type 3. The crew's volume has not been separately modelled in the object model because it is presumed that their volume is modelled in all objects where the crew will operate for instance: the accommodation. and control centre. The

data of the object crew has to contain the weight of the crew members and their

luggage.

Black water

This object contains the component black water. The black water comes from the sanitary spaces for instance showers, toilets and washrooms. The black _{water is} contained in the sewage tank which is also grouped in this object. When _{the black} water in the sewage tank has reached a certain level, the black water will be pumped out of the tank. The sewage tank has the type of object 2 because the _{sewage tank has} to meet a deck area, volume and height demand, while the component black _{water has} the type of object 3. Because the black water is located within the _{sewage tank the} type of this object "black water" is 2.

Fresh water

The object fresh water contains only_{one component, the component fresh water.} Fresh water is used e.g. for consumption by the crew. The water will be generated in the fresh water generating system. The_{water will be used for cooking, drinking and} washing. The fresh water tank is not included in this object because it is a part of the construction. The water used by the crew is normally generated by the fresh water

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generator. The fresh water in the fresh water tank is used as a buffer when the fresh water generator is not functioning.

The object fresh water has the type of object 3. The data contain its weight .

2.3 Unmanned underwater vehicles.

Unmanned underwater vehicles such as towed, cable-, acoustic-controlled and

pre-programmed vehicles do not have to consider the group "Provision crew" in the design of the vehicle.

3

DATA COLLECTION

Data is used for the determination of design algorithms. The design algorithms will determine a space demand and weight of an object.

3.1 Type of data that has to be collected

The type of data that has to be collected is depending on the type of object. Therefore the type of objects from main function "provision crew" have been_determined.

A description of the different type of objects and attributes can be found in paragraph 1.2.1. and 1.2.2.

The following table shows a summary of the defined type of object and attribute for each of the objects with "provision Crew'

1 life support crew A Type of object 3

Type of attribute is divided and free vol. incl.

life support crew B Type of object 2

Type of attribute is divided.

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3 Life saving equipment Type of object 3

Type of attribute is divided and free vol. incl.

4 accommodation Type of object 2

Type of attribute is divided.

5 crew Type of object 3

6 black water Type of object 2

7 fresh water Type of object 3

3.2 Vehicles used for the data collection

The data collection has been based on three (existing) boats.

-Moray 1800 [RDM]

-Walrus [Royal Dutch Navy] -Sea Dragon [Republic Of China]

There are several reasons for taking these three boats for the collection of data. The first reason for taking these three boats is their presence at the NEVESBU-record office.

The second reason is the validity of these tree boats within the_{range of this project.}

3.3 Literature survey about the behaviour of components

The literature survey has been based on:

-Moray 1800 calculation reports

Moray 1800 contract design specification Naval standard of the Royal Dutch Navy (NATO-Stock number G 7610-17-051-3499)

3.4 Reliability of the collected data

The data of the Walrus and Sea Dragon is highly reliable, having the data received from the primary source and of both boat types a few boats have been built. The data of the Moray 18(X) is less reliable, because this boat has not been build yet.

3.5 Accuracy of the collected data

The data concerning the weight of the components can be assumed very accurate. The weights are directly derived from the weight calculation of the three vehicles. While

building the Walrus and Sea dragon the components have been weighed and

eventually corrected in the weight calculations. The weight of the Moray's

components have not been checked in this way, because this boat has not been build yet.

The data concerning the space demands of components such as volume, height, deck-area and length have been measured from the general arrangement plan. Although the general arrangement plan is not as accurate as detailed drawings, it is presumed that this accuracy is satisfactory.

3.6 Naval standards

Naval standards of the Royal Dutch Navy [NATO-Stock number G 7610-17-051-3499] have been used to compare the data received from the three ships with the

given Dutch naval standards. The naval standards concern the deck-area of the accommodation. The results of the comparison can be found in the storage file

[Claessen, 1994],

3.7 Storage of the data

All data is stored into a file [Claessen, 1994]. The file is sorted by _{objects. Every} object is sorted by components according _{to the Ship Work Breakdown Structure} (SWBS). Every component is sorted by ship.

This file contains copies of drawings showing the _{component concerned.}

After the data collection of a component, the component is coloured on the general arrangement plan to avoid components from being forgotten or doubled.

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At the end of an object description a summary of the components' data of each vehicle is added. The comparison of the vehicle's accommodation to the naval standard is

added to object "accommodation".

A design algorithm of each component is added to the component concerned. The summary of the data is followed by the design algorithms of the object. General data concerning the Moray, Walrus and sea dragon can be found at the beginning of the file.

4

FROM DATA TO DESIGN ALGORITHMS

4.0 Introduction

The numerical relations, which are used for designinga vehicle, can be implemented within the knowledge-based system QUAESTOR. The knowledge base of thissystem contains knowledge about design characteristics and their dependencies _{as contained} in relations and possible constraints.

4.1 Numerical relations

Parameters such as length and volume can not be used as input-values, in order to avoid an iteration process. When length_{or volume is used as input-values an iteration} process will start because the output-values are also length and volume, which _{will be} used as new input values. This process will repeat until the length and volume used as input values equal the output values . When a component has length or volume as it's parameters, the influence of these parameters has to be determined in order _{to give a} substitutional value to the algorithm. Examples are for instance the determination of the amount of CO2-canisters where net-volume of the _{boat should be used as input} value. The net volume has an influence _{on the amount of CO2 canisters because it will} take a certain time before the CO2 level in the boat _{will rise to a dangerous level. This} time is depended on the number of crew and the net volume of the vehicle. The influence of the net-volume of the three different ships will be determined and a

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substitutional value, for instance a volume of 1000 M3, describing the influence of the net-volume will be added to the design algorithm.

Objects contain components which have certain parameters describing their design behaviour. For the determination and description of the object's design algorithm, the parameters of the separate component characteristics have been determined

[Appendix Cl

Design algorithms will not be stored in this report since they are confidential. The design algorithms of object models can be found in the file [Claessen, 1994].

S

VERIFICATION OF THE "OBJECT MODELS"

5.0 Introduction

Verification of the object model of the object "Accommodation" has been made in order to test the object model to existing ships of different sizes within the range of validity as described in the preface of this report.

Of all object models only the size of the deck area of the object accommodation could be verified, because the data of the boats used for verificationare invalid for testing other object models.

5.1 _{Activities for the verification of object models}

To verify the object model "Accommodation" the following activities _{had to be} carried out:

literature survey of boats that already have been built

measuring the deck-area of the accommodation from drawings and sketches -calculation of the deck-area of object "Accommodation" according_{to the}

algorithms of the object model

-comparison of the object model to the measured size of the deck-area

The next subparagraphs describe the activities_{as shown to verify the object model.}

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5.1.1 Literature survey of boats that already have been built

Literature survey has been done at Nevesbu record store. Different boats of which the input parameters vary in the range of validity as described in the preface, have been found.

Several boats of different sizes have been used in order to verify the object model.

Submarine Type 46, Kockums Sweden

Type 1500, Ocean going Submarine, Howaldswerke-Deutche Werft Upholder-class submarine, Type 2400, UK Royal Navy

-Rubis, Sousmarin Nuclaire Attaque (SNA), French Navy

The parameters used in the object model have to vary in the range of validity to explore the validity of the object model. The boats used for this verification _{vary the} number of crew from 22 to 66 persons. The endurance varies from 35 _{to 70 days.}

5.1.2 Measuring the deck-area of the accommodation from drawings and sketches

Measurements of the deck-area from sketches and drawings have been made. _To measure the deck-area of the object "accommodation" special attention has to be paid to the deduction of passages in the accommodation and the deduction of the frames inside the pressure hull. These measurements have _{to be deducted from the} pressure-hull diameter in order to receive the breadth of the accommodation. _{The length can be} measured more easily from the sketches. The accuracy of the measured deck-area is presumed to be low since the sketches and drawings which _{are used are quite} inaccurate.

SUBOBJECT project

5.1.3 Calculation of the deck-area of object "Accommodation" according to the algorithms of the object model

The deck area has been calculated according to the object model. The object model of the object "accommodation" has several different parameters which are used as input values. The input values to the object model are:

-number of crew

number of officers including the commanding officer number of officers excluding the commanding officer -number of petty officers

-number of enlisted personnel -endurance of the vehicle [days]

living-standard of the accommodation concerning -officers -petty officers -enlisted personnel

The endurance and number of crew of the different boats could be found_{in the} literature of the boats. The living standard_{can not be derived from the literature.} Therefore the calculation of the accommodation has been done with _different

standards using as input values. The values used for this calculation_{are the standards} of the Dutch navy (1.00) and the maximum and minimum living _{standard of the three} ships, the algorithms are based _{on. Therefore the total deck area of the}

accommodation gives a value, calculated according to the Dutch Navy standards an a maximum and minimum deck-area value.

5.1.4 _{Comparison of the object model to the measured size ofthe deck-area}

The measured deck area from the sketches and drawings have to be in the range of maximum and minimum deck area as calculated in the design _{algorithms. The results} can be viewed in appendix D, "Verification of object model accommodation"

Looking at the differences between these two deck _{areas it is clear that the measured} deck areas of all ships are between the range of minimum and maximum deck area calculated with the different deck _{areas. The object model of the object}

"accommodation" is therefore presumed give_{a correct deck-area.}

SUBOBJECT project

6

_CONCLUSIONS

The main function "provision crew" can be satisfied with seven objects groups. Only one of these objects could be verified.

Validation of the object model "accommodation" shows that the deck area of this object is calculated in a correct way. Validation of other object models was not possible since the input data for the verification in not complete. Implementation of the object models into the knowledge based system "QUAESTOR" will show if the object models which are not verified are valid.

Following to this report it can be concluded that the "planing of activities"

as described in chapter 0.2 gave the right direction to this project in describing the numerical relations of the object models. It is therefore recommendable to use this planning to describe object models of other main groups.

7

_{ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS}

This research project would not have been possible without the friendly help and advises of persons I worked with. I specially would like to thank the following

persons:

Clemens vd. Nat, J. Klein Woud; Delft University of Technology

H. Holtackers, H. Cretier and J. Groen and other colleagues; NEVESBU J. vd. Hoorn; Department of Naval Architecture at the Haarlem Polytechnics.

SUBOBJECT project

REFERENCES

Allmendinger, 1990

E. E. Allmendinger;: "Submersible vehicle design", the society of naval architecture's and marine engineers, Jersey City, N.J.

vd Nat, 1993

C.G.J.M. Van der Nat, "SUBCEM met QUAESTOR -fase 1, OEMO 93/17; TU-Delft

APPENDIX A

DEFINITIONS

Definitions used in this report.

Object: _{A set of parameters describing the behaviour of} a group of components which are defined in the boat. SUBOBJECT project Unoccupied volume: Components Object model Attributes

Volume in a cell above deck area, which has not been occupied by objects.

A group of equipment having the same function, e.g. sewage system, 02 generation system

Numerical relation which describes the relation between the characteristics of a group of

components within the object and it's functional dependencies.

Attributes of objects describe special behaviour of the objects, e.g. use available space above other objects first, or size of object is dependent on available space

Version 1.0 _{Page 27, Updated July 8, 1994}

SWBS-list _{The SWBS-list (Ship Work Breakdown}

Structure) is used by the designer to

identify a limited number of standard groups of the equipment of an underwater vehicle.

SUBOBJECT project APPENDIX B NEW SWBS Object list

Updated 7/7/94

FUNCTION OBJECTS _{CONPONENTEN SWBS}

Provision crew

Life support crew A General entertainment system 4341

02 generation system 5153

Air analyzing system 5154

Sanitary flushing system

Domestic fresh and hot water system

5211 5331

CO2 absorption material F324

02 candles F325

Life support crew B CO2 absorption system 5151

Fresh water generating system 5331

Garbage ejector system 5932

Life saving equipmer Life saving appliances 5945

Life, saving equipment F327

SSE grenades _F326

Accommodation Domestic cool and cold stores 51 61

Cabin doors 6241

Officer berthing and messing spaces 6410 Non commissioned off berthing and messing spaces 6420

Enlisted personnel berthing and messing spaces 6430

Sanitary spaces and fixtures ₆₄₄₀

Galley ₆₅₁₁

Pantry ₆₅₁₂

Medical provisions 6521

Workshops (incl, portable tools, equipment) 6650

Lockers and special stowage

General stowage facilities

6710 6721

Storerooms contents F321

Provisions in cool stores F311

Provisions in cold stores F312

Provisions in other stores (incl. Galley) F314

Sheating (incl. Lining) 6370

Inventory _F323

Crew Officers F111

Officers' luggage _F112

CPO's and PO's _F121

CPO's and PO's luggage _F122

Ratings Ratings' luggage F131 F132 Passengers/trainees F191 Passengers'/trainees ' luggage F192 Personnel stores _F315

black water Sewage system

Black water

5931 F551

SUBOBJECT project APPENDIX B NEW SWBS Object list

g" CC1.0^-k

Updated 7/8/94

CONFUNENTEN i swEis

Components removed from "Provision crew"

H2 elimination system 5152

Bilge system 5291

Halon fire extinguishing system 5551

Portable fire extinguishers 5552

BIBS/HIS system ₅₉₄₁

Escape trunk flood/drain system: in 5941 5942

Underwater signal ejectors ₅₉₅₁

Marker buoy system ₅₉₄₃

Beacon set DSRV ₅₉₄₄

Control centre furnishings ₆₆₂₀

SUBOBJECT project APPENDIX B PREVIOUS SWBS Object list

Updated 7/7/94

MAIN FUNCTION OBJECTS COWONENTEN SWBS

Provision crew

Life support creA General, orientation and adaptive lighting 3311

Emergency lighting system ₃₃₁₂

Auxiliary lighting system 3313

Operational lighting system ₃₃₁₄

Lighting fixtures: in 3310 3320

General entertainment system 4341

Compartment heating system 5110

CO2 absorption system 51 51

H2 elimination system ₅₁₅₂

02 generation system 51 53

Air analyzing system 5154

Sanitary flushing system 5211

Fresh water generating system 5331

Bilge system ₅₂₉₁

Domestic fresh and hot water system 5331

Sewage system ₅₉₃₁

life saving Halon fire extinguishing system 5551

equipment Portable fire extinguishers ₅₅₅₂

BIBS/HIS system 5941

Escape trunk flood/drain system: in 5941 ₅₉₄₂

Life saving appliances ₅₉₄₅

Underwater signal ejectors 5951

Marker buoy system ₅₉₄₃

Beacon set DSRV ₅₉₄₄

Life, saving equipment _F327

Accommodation

Outfit and furnishing foundations ₁₈₆₀

Cabin doors ₆₂₄₁

Sheating (incl. Lining) ₆₃₇₀

Officer berthing and messing spaces ₆₄₁₀ Non commissioned off berthing and messing spaces 6420 Enlisted personnel berthing and messing spaces ₆₄₃₀

Sanitary spaces and fixtures ₆₄₄₀

Galley ₆₅₁₁

Pantry ₆₅₁₂

Domestic cool and cold stores 5161

Medical provisions ₆₅₂₁

Control centre furnishings ₆₆₂₀

Workshops (incl. portable tools, equipment) 6650

Lockers and special stowage 671 0

General stowage facilities ₆₇₂₁

provisions Inventory _F323

CO2 absorption material _F324

02 candles _F325

SSE grenades _F326

Storerooms' contents F321

SUBOBJECT project APPENDIX B PREVIOUS SWBS Object list

Updated 7/7/94

MAIN FUNCTION OBJECTS COMPONENTF_N SWBS

Provisions in cold stores F312

Provisions in other stores (incl. Galley) F314

crew Officers F111

Officers' luggage F112

GPO's and PO's F121

CPO's and PO's luggage F122

Ratings F131

Ratings' luggage F132

Passengers/trainees F191

Passengers'Arainees' luggage F192

Personnel stores F315

black water Sewage tank F551

SUBOBJECT project

APPENDIX C

"COMPONENT CHARACTERISTICS"

The following subparagraphs show the components and their parameters incl. attributes and type of object in order to select groups of components forming objects having equal design characteristics.

OBJECT: "LIFE SUPPORT CREW A" The type of object is 3, Free vol. incl., divided.

4341 General entertainment system Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided Depending on:-choice yes / no

5153 02 Generation system Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided

Depending on:-number of generating systems

5154 Air analysing system Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided

5211 Sanitary flushing system Type 3

Type of attribute:-free vol. incl., divided Depending

on:-5331 Domestic fresh and hot water system Type 3

Type of attribute:-free vol. incl., divided Depending on:-number of crew

F324 CO2 Absorption material Type 3

Type of attribute:-free vol. incl., divided Depending on:-number of crew

-submerged period

-volume effects (1000-3000 M3) -number of dives

F325 02 Candles Type 3

Type of attribute:-free vol. incl., divided Depending on:-number of crew

submerged period

volume effects (1000-3000 M3) number of dives

OBJECT: "LIFE SUPPORT CREW B" The type of object is 2, divided.

5151 CO2 absorption system Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided

Depending on:-choice , minimum 2

5311 Frestn_av n system

Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided, Depending on:-number of crew

5932 Garbage ejector system Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided Depending

on:-SUBOBJECT project

OBJECT: "LIFE SAVING EQUIPMENT" Type of object is 3, divided, free vol. included

F326 SSE grenades Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided, free vol. incl. Depending on:-choice yes/no

5945 Life saving appliances Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided, free vol. incl. Depending on:-number of crew

F327 Life. saving equipment Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided, free vol. incl. Depending on:-number of crew

OBJECT: "ACCOMMODATION" The type of object is 2, divided.

5161 Domestic cool and cold stores Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided, Depending on:-number of crew

-mission duration

6241 Cabin doors

Type of attribute:-divided Type 3

6410 Officer berthing and messingspaces Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided, Depending on:-standard

-number of crew

SUBOBJECT project

6420 Non commissioned off berthing and messing spaces Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided, Depending on:-standard

-number of crew

6430 Enlisted personnel berthing and messing spaces Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided, Depending on:-standard

-number of crew

6440 Sanitary spaces and fixtures Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided, Depending on:-number of crew

6511 Galley Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided, Depending on:-number of crew

6512 Pantry Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided,

Depending on:-number of officers

6521 Medical provisions Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided, Depending on:-number of crew

-mission duration

6650 Workshops (incl, portable tools, equipment) Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided, Depending on:-choice yes / no

SUBOBJECT project

6710 Lockers and special stowage Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided Depending on:-number of crew

mission duration

6721 General stowage facilities. Type 2

Type of attribute:-divided Depending on:-number of crew

mission duration

F311 Provisions in cool stores Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided Depending on:-number of crew

mission duration

F312 Provisions in cold stores Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided Depending on:-number of crew

mission duration

F314 Provisions in other stores (incl. Galley) Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided Depending on:-number of crew

-mission duration

F321 Storerooms' contents Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided Depending on:-number of crew

mission duration

SUBOBJECT project

SUBOBJECT project

F323 Inventory

Type 3

Type ofattribute:-divided

Depending on:-number of crew -mission duration

6370 Sheeting (incl, lining)

Type 3

Type of attribute:-divided Depending on:-choice yes/no

OBJECT: "CREW" The numberofcrew is depending on the rateof

automatization of the vehicle. The type ofobject is 3, Volume=0

F111 Officers

F112Officers' luggage

F121 CPO's and PO'S

F122 CPO's and PO's luggage

F131 _Ratings

FI32 Ratings' luggage

F191 Passengers/trainees

F192_{PassengersArainees' luggage}

F315 Personnel stores

SUBOBJECT project

OBJECT: "BLACK WATER" The type of object is 2.

F551 black water Type 3

Type of

attribute:-Depending on:-number of crew

5931 Sewage system Type 2

Type of

attribute:-Depending on:-number of crew

OBJECT : "FRESH WATER" The type of object is 3.

F521 Potable water Type 3

Type of

attribute:-Depending on:-number of crew

-number of days to provide the crew without generating fresh water

-ration consumption / crew / day

SUBOBJECT project APPENDIX D "VERIFICATION"

Updated 7/8/94

Type of underwater vehicle T 46 T 1500 T 2400 Rubis

total number of crew 22 30 44 66

Number of Officers 6 4 6 8

Number of Petty Officers 4 11 1 3 1 6

Number of enlisted personell 11 1 4 24 41

Number of comandin_g officers 1 1 1 1

Endurance (days] 35 50 49 70

Avl. total Algorithm standard (1.00) 50.8 61.3 77.3 99.3

Avl. total Algorithm standard (Max.) 60.3 67.7 85.6 107.9

Avl. total Algorithm standard (Min.) 48.0 54.9 68.9 89.0

Avl. Total measured IMA21 49.5 57.0 85.0 105.0

A algorithm / A measured ' 100%, standard 1.00 102.6 107.5 90.9 94.6 A algorithm / A measured ' 100%, standard max. 121.8 118.8 100.7 102.8 A algorithm / A measured ' 100%, standard min. 97.0 96.3 81.1 84.8 The last three rows show the differences between the deck-areas of the accommodation as

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