UWM Olsztyn Acta Neophilologica, XX (1), 2018 ISSN 1509-1619
%RİHQD1LHþNR%XNRZVND ,QVW\WXW-č]\NR]QDZVWZD
8QLZHUV\WHWLP$GDPD0LFNLHZLF]DZ3R]QDQLX
ģ:,Č7$ģ:,Č7<²&+$5$.7(5<67<.$
325Ð:1$:&=$2%5$=Ð:6.2-$5=(1,2:<&+
key words VDLQWZRPDQVDLQWPDQ DVVRFLDWLYHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQV D[LRORJLFDOOLQJXLVWLFV
D[LROLQJXLVWLFV
2GZyFKSR]LRPDFKSR]QDZDQLDUR]SUDZLDVLčZQDXFHRGF]DVyZVWDUR
İ\WQ\FK=MHGQHMVWURQ\]ZUDFDQRXZDJčQDUROčZLHG]\RSDUWHMQDÅSU]HGVWD
ZLHQLDFKµ]GUXJLHM]DĤSRV]XNLZDQRZLHG]\RSDUWHMQDÅSRMčFLDFKµ6RNUDWHV
]DXZDİ\ãİHÅSU]HGVWDZLHQLDµZ\UDİDMĈGDQHMHGQRVWNRZHLPRJĈE\þSRZRGHP
]ãXG]HęIDãV]\Z\FKSU]HĤZLDGF]HęDÅSRMčFLDµFHFKXMHXFKZ\W\ZDQLHWHJR
FRVFDODÅUyİQRURGQRĤþNRQNUHWQ\FKGDQ\FK]MDZLVNRZ\FKµLSR]ZDODXMPR
ZDþMHZFDãRĤFLRZ\PRJOĈG]LHMDNRÅRJyãSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKGDQ\FKZ]ZDUWHM
MHGQRĤFLREUD]Xµ>.URęVND 5HDOH @&KRFLDİW\ONR
ÅSRMčFLHµPRİHE\þĮUyGãHPSHZQHJRSR]QDQLDWRMHGQDNÅPQLHPDQLDµ doxa VWDQRZLĈMHGQR]PRİOLZ\FKSRWRF]Q\FKĮUyGHãZLHG]\QDWHPDWUR]XPLHQLD
L]QDF]HQLDSU]\SLV\ZDQHJRGDQ\PVãRZRP8F]Hę6RNUDWHVD3ODWRQGR
VWU]HJãİHZLHG]DSR]RUQDPQLHPDQLDOXG]NLHXND]XMĈQLHVWDãĈ]PLHQQĈ
KHUDNOLWHMVNĈU]HF]\ZLVWRĤFLĈ6SyMU]P\MDNLHREUD]\ ÅSU]HGVWDZLHQLDµ GOD
ĤZLčWHM i ĤZLčWHJRPLHV]NDMĈZXP\VãDFKOXG]NLFKZSU]HFLčWQ\FKZ\REUDİH
QLDFKZMč]\NXSRWRF]Q\P
3R]\VNDQHRGSRZLHG]LRGUHVSRQGHQWyZVWXGHQWyZLVWXGHQWHN,URNX
VWXGLyZVWDFMRQDUQ\FKZ,QVW\WXFLH-č]\NR]QDZVWZD8$0RUD]Z,QVW\WXFLH
*HRORJLL8$0]ZUDFDMĈXZDJčQDLVWRWQHNXOWXURZRSRZLĈ]DQLD²ÅZVSyO
QĈED]čNXOWXURZĈµ-HU]\%DUWPLęVNLL0RQLND*U]HV]F]DNZVND]XMĈMDNR
&HOHPDUW\NXãXEčG]LHSU]HGVWDZLHQLHREUD]yZĤZLčWHMiĤZLčWHJR]EXGRZDQ\FK]DVRFMDFML
NRQRWDFML :FHOXSR]\VNDQLDSRWRF]Q\FKVNRMDU]HęZ\NRU]\VWDQRPHWRGčEXWWHVWXLPHWRGčVNR
MDU]HęVZRERGQ\FK=HEUDQHGDQH RFKDUDNWHU]HSLORWDİRZ\P XND]XMĈSRWRF]QHREUD]\XMPRZDQLD
ĤZLčWHMiĤZLčWHJRRUD]ZVND]XMĈİHGODEDGDQHMJUXS\UHVSRQGHQWyZ]DUyZQRKDVãRĤZLčWD MDN
i ĤZLčW\VĈQRĤQLNDPLNRQNUHWQ\FKZDUWRĤFL
-Č=<.2=1$:67:2,*/2772'<'$.7<.$
%RİHQD1LHþNR%XNRZVND
MHGQĈ]PHWRGEDGDZF]\FKQD]ZZDUWRĤFL QRĤQLNyZZDUWRĤFL EDGDQLDHPSL
U\F]QH VRQGDİHLDQNLHW\>%DUWPLęVNL %DUWPLęVNL*U]HV]F]DN
@-DGZLJD3X]\QLQDSLV]HRSHZQHMVãDERĤFLEDGDęDQNLHWRZ\FK
²PLDQRZLFLHRIDNFLHİHRGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLD]DQNLHW]DZLHUDMĈZDUWRĤFL
GHNODURZDQHDOHQLH]DZV]HSRNU\ZDMĈFHVLč]DXWHQW\F]QLHSU]Hİ\ZDQ\PL
SU]H]DQNLHWRZDQ\FK>@3RQDGWRMDNRĤþS\WDę]DGDZDQ\FKRVRERP
DQNLHWRZDQ\PDWDNİHRSLV\]QDF]HęZ\UD]yZZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKVãRZQLNDFK
PRJĈE\þZMDNLHMĤPLHU]HXZLNãDQHZRJyOQHSRJOĈG\EDGDF]D>%RJXVãDZVNL
3X]\QLQD @+DOLQDL7DGHXV]=JyãNRZLHVWZLHUG]DMĈ
İHEDGDF]]DZLHU]DVZRMHMNRPSHWHQFMLURG]LPHJRXİ\WNRZQLNDMč]\ND>
@-3X]\QLQDZVND]XMHWDNİHQDSHZQĈ]DOHWčEDGDęDQNLHWRZ\FK
²ZSU]HSURZDG]DQ\FKDQNLHWDFKRWZDUW\FKPDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]ÅZLHORUDNRĤFLĈ
HOHPHQWyZ]QDF]HQLRZ\FKSU]\SLV\ZDQ\FKSU]H]RVRE\DQNLHWRZDQHEDGDQ\P
Z\UD]RPSRF]čĤFLF]čVWRSRZWDU]DMĈF\FKVLčSRF]čĤFLMHGQDNRGELHJDMĈF\FK
RG]DZDUWRĤFL]QDF]HęSURWRW\SRZ\FKµ>SU]\S@5\V]DUG7RNDUVNL
]DXZDİDİHZVHPDQW\F]Q\FKRSLVDFKVãRZDFRUD]F]čĤFLHMSUHIHURZDQDMHVW
SRWRF]QRĤþHSLVWHPRORJLF]QD3RGNUHĤODİHÅGHILQLFMHVHPDQW\F]QHZLQQ\
RGWZDU]DþSRWRF]QHUR]XPLHQLH]QDF]HQLDZ\UDİHęMč]\NRZ\FKGRNRQDQH
]SXQNWXZLG]HQLDW]ZSU]HFLčWQHJRXİ\WNRZQLNDMč]\NDµ>@
::LHONLPVãRZQLNXMč]\NDSROVNLHJRSRGKDVãHPĤZLčW\ U]HF]RZQLN RGQDMGXMHP\QDVWčSXMĈFHMWUHĤFLGHILQLFMč ÅZUHOLJLDFKFKU]HĤFLMDęVNLFKRVRED
NWyUD]HZ]JOčGXQDVZRMĈJãčERNĈZLDUčOXEPčF]HęVWZR]RVWDãD]EDZLRQDMXİ
]Dİ\FLDL]RVWDãDSRĤPLHUFLX]QDQDSU]H].RĤFLyã]DJRGQĈNXOWXLMHVWRWRF]RQD
F]FLĈµ:QRWDFKRXİ\FLX]QDMGXMHP\LQIRUPDFMčİHRNRELHFLHPyZLP\ĤZLčWD
1DWRPLDVWĤZLčW\ SU]\PLRWQLN WRF]ãRZLHNÅWDNLNWyU\MHVWGREU\SRNRUQ\
VSUDZLHGOLZ\İ\F]OLZ\LZ\UR]XPLDã\µ$MDNLHREUD]\ĤZLčWHM i ĤZLčWHJR NU\MĈVLčZÅOXG]NLFKXP\VãDFKµ"-DNLHFHFK\SU]HFLčWQLXİ\WNRZQLF\Mč]\ND
SROVNLHJRSU]\SLVXMĈĤZLčWHMDMDNLHĤZLčWHPX"
:SLHUZV]\P]DGDQLXZ\NRU]\VWDQRPHWRGčbut-testuSU]\MPXMĈF
İHSR]ZROLRQDQDZ\JHQHURZDQLHSU]H]UHVSRQGHQWyZFHFKFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]
Q\FKQDMVLOQLHMXWUZDORQ\FKVWXGHQWHNLVWXGHQWyZ SRRVyEZJUXSLH Z,QVW\WXFLH-č]\NR]QDZVWZD8$0RUD]Z,QVW\WXFLH*HRORJLL8$0ZPDMX
LOLVWRSDG]LHURNXRWU]\PDãRLQVWUXNFMčQDVWčSXMĈFHMWUHĤFL Å'RNRęF]
]GDQLH 2QDMHVW;DOH«µ ; ĤZLčWDĤZLčW\ :PLHMVFH;ZVWDZLRQRRGSR
ZLHGQLRÅĤZLčWDµOXEÅĤZLčW\µ-HU]\%DUWPLęVNLSRGNUHĤODV]F]HJyOQĈZDUWRĤþ
GLDJQRVW\F]QĈ]GDęSU]HFLZVWDZQ\FK> @3RGVWDZRZĈLQWHUSUHWDFMč
GODEXWWHVWXPRİQDVIRUPXãRZDþQDVWčSXMĈFR
$MHVW;DOH MHVW =ńW\SRZ\;MHVWQLH=
:QLQLHMV]HMSUDF\SRVãXJXMĈFVLčSRMčFLHPREUD]X VNRMDU]HQLRZHJR QDZLĈ]XMčGRV\VWHPX
ZDUWRĤFLMDNRIUDJPHQWXMč]\NRZHJRREUD]XĤZLDWD>]RE%DUWPLęVNL7RNDUVNL %DUWPLęVNL
$QXVLHZLF]'ĈEURZVND)OHLVFKHU 7RNDUVNL@
ģZLčWDĤZLčW\²charakterystyka porównawcza obrazów skojarzeniowych
=DNãDGDVLčİHZRGSRZLHG]LQDKDVãR;UHVSRQGHQFLSU]\ZRãDMĈZãDĤFLZR
ĤFLFKDUDNWHU\]XMĈFHW\SRZHJRSU]HGVWDZLFLHODNDWHJRULL;>%DUWPLęVNL
0LNRãDMF]DN0DW\MD@:VSRPQLDQH
FHFK\W\SRZHZLĈİĈVLč]VXELHNW\ZL]DFMĈVĈGXLVĈVNãDGRZ\PLZ\REUDİHQLD
GDQHJRUHSUH]HQWDQWD>%DUWPLęVNL @
3U]\NãDGRZR
2QDMHVWĤZLčWDDOHNãDPLHńW\SRZDĤZLčWDQLHNãDPLH
2QMHVWĤZLčW\DOHQLHNDQRQL]RZDQ\ńW\SRZ\ĤZLčW\MHVWNDQRQL]RZDQ\
2QMHVWĤZLčW\DOHQLHZ\SHãQLDVXPLHQQLHVZRLFKRERZLĈ]NyZńW\SRZ\
ĤZLčW\Z\SHãQLDVXPLHQQLHVZRMHRERZLĈ]NL
1LHNWyUHRGSRZLHG]LZVND]XMĈİHÅW\SRZHJRµ²ÅSU]HFLčWHJR;µQDOHİ\
LQWHUSUHWRZDþUDF]HMMDNRÅLGHDOQHJR;µ3U]\NãDGRZR 2QDMHVWĤZLčWDDOH
ZVWU]HPLčĮOLZRĤþQLHMHVWMHMPRFĈVWURQĈńĤZLčWDSRZLQQDE\þZVWU]HPLčĮ
OLZD ZVWU]HPLčĮOLZRĤþSRZLQQDE\þPRFQĈVWURQĈĤZLčWHM
:ĤUyG]HEUDQ\FKGDQ\FK]QDOD]ã\VLčZ\SRZLHG]LVXJHUXMĈFHNRQLHF]QRĤþ
UR]V]HU]RQ\FKF]\RGPLHQQ\FKLQWHUSUHWDFML
2QDMHVWĤZLčWDDOHMHVWWHİ]Z\Nã\PF]ãRZLHNLHPUyZQLHİSRSHãQLDEãčG\
2QMHVWĤZLčW\DOHMHVWWHİF]ãRZLHNLHPZLčFPDWHİOXG]NLHFHFK\MHVWSU]HGH
ZV]\VWNLPF]ãRZLHNLHPMHVWUyZQLHİW\ONRF]ãRZLHNLHPNWyU\PLHZDVZRMH
VãDERĤFL
7\SRZDĤZLčWDZHGãXJZ\MĤFLRZHMLQWHUSUHWDFMLQLHMHVW]Z\Nã\PF]ãRZLH
NLHP QLHSRSHãQLDEãčGyZ=UR]V]HU]RQHMZHUVMLZQLRVNXMHP\İHĤZLčWDMHVW
WHİF]ãRZLHNLHPLPRJĈMHMWRZDU]\V]\þEROĈF]NLVãDERĤFL]Z\NãHJRF]ãRZLHND
²PRİHSRSHãQLþEãĈG3RGREQLHGODĤZLčWHJR SRGVWDZRZDLQWHUSUHWDFMDZVND
]\ZDãDE\İHW\SRZ\ĤZLčW\QLHMHVWF]ãRZLHNLHPF]\İHQLHSRVLDGDOXG]NLFK
FHFK3U]\UR]V]HU]RQHMLQWHUSUHWDFMLGRVWU]HJDP\LİUHVSRQGHQFLZVND]DOLQD
OXG]NLHREOLF]HĤZLčW\FK ĤZLčW\MHVWWHİF]ãRZLHNLHPGODWHJRPLHZDVãDERĤFL
PDOXG]NLHFHFK\3RQDGWRZ\SRZLHG]L 2QDMHVWĤZLčWDDOHMHVWWHİ]Z\Nã\P
F]ãRZLHNLHP2QMHVWĤZLčW\DOHMHVWWHİF]ãRZLHNLHPZVND]XMĈFHFKč= E\FLH
]Z\Nã\P F]ãRZLHNLHPNWyUDZRGQLHVLHQLXGRĤZLčW\FKPRİH]RVWDþX]QDQD
]DZĈWSOLZĈ F]\ĤZLčWDĤZLčW\QDSHZQRMHVW MHV]F]H F]ãRZLHNLHP"
=DREVHUZRZDQRUyZQLHİRGSRZLHG]LNZHVWLRQXMĈFHQS2QDMHVWĤZLčWDDOH
WRW\ONRSR]RU\WDNQDSUDZGčXGDMHWUXGQRXZLHU]\þİHLVWQLHMHW\ONRJG\
LQQLSDWU]Ĉ2QMHVWĤZLčW\DOHW\ONRQDSRND]NWR]QDVQLHMHVW:V]\VWNLH
]HEUDQH]GDQLDSU]HDQDOL]RZDQRSRGNĈWHPWDNLFKLQIRUPDFMLNWyUHPRİQD
]DOLF]\þGRZ]JOčGQLHVSyMQHMJUXS\=DU\VRZDQRSRQLİV]HSRGVWDZRZHZ\PLDU\
ģZLčWD
%5$.:$',6â$%2ģ&,QSZLGDþZQLHMZDG\VãDERĤFLMDNZNDİG\PF]ãRZLHNX
F]DVDPLQLHXZDİDQDWRFRPyZL NãDPLH kradnie RV]XNXMHZLčFQLH]DFKRZXMHVLč
MDNRVREDĤZLčWD SU]HNOQLH F]DVHP]GHQHUZXMHVLč F]DVDPLJU]HV]\ PDWDNİHOLF]QH
:V]\VWNLHUHDNFMHRWU]\PDQHRGUHVSRQGHQWyZSLVDQHVĈNXUV\ZĈ
%RİHQD1LHþNR%XNRZVND
przywary UyZQLHİSRSHãQLDEãčG\ FLčİNRMHMF]DVHPĤZLčWRĤþXWU]\PDþ ma brudne P\ĤOL F]\OL ĤZLčWDQLHPDQLHF]\VW\FKP\ĤOL ]URELãDFRĤ]ãHJR F]\OLĤZLčWDF]\QL
W\ONRGREUR =DX]DVDGQLHQLHGODHZHQWXDOQ\FKSRSHãQLRQ\FKEãčGyZPRİHSRVãXİ\þ
SRG Z\PLDU =:<.â< &=â2:,(. MHVWWHİ]Z\Nã\PF]ãRZLHNLHP jak my czasem PD]ã\G]LHęģZLčWDnie MHVWSR]EDZLRQDFHFKW\SRZ\FKGODOXG]L
$87(17<&=1$32.251$ XGDMHSRNRUQĈ WRW\ONRSR]RU\ W\ONRSR]RUQLH to W\ONRSLHUZV]HZUDİHQLH WDNQDSUDZGčXGDMH W\ONRJG\LQQLSDWU]ĈHPDQXMHGREUĈ
HQHUJLĈ W\ONRZRF]DFKQLHNWyU\FK
=QDMGXMHP\Z\SRZLHG]LGRW\F]ĈFHİ\FLDFQRWOLZHJR²&127/,:$:675=(0,Čĭ
/,:$ PDVZRMHJU]HV]NL ]GDU]DMĈMHMVLčVNRNLZERN MHMP\ĤOLQLHVĈĤZLčWH nie utrzymuje cnoty ZVWU]HPLčĮOLZRĤþQLHMHVWMHMPRFQĈVWURQĈ PXVLQDGVREĈSUDFRZDþ
ZU]HF]\ZLVWRĤFLQLHMHVWWDNDQLHZLQQD
27:$57$ QLHMHVWPLãD PDG]LZQHPQLHPDQLHRVRELHLUyİQHSRJOĈG\RREF\FK
NWyUHQLHGRNRęFDVSU]\MDMĈMHMĤZLčWRĤFL Z\GDMHVLčE\þPDãRGRVWčSQD NDİG\SU]\
QLHMF]XMHVLčPQLHMV]\QLHJRGQ\ F]\OLSU]\ĤZLčWHMZV]\VF\F]XMĈVLčGREU]H²VSUD
ZLDİHWDNVLčF]XMĈ
6=&=Čģ/,:$ QLH]D]QDãDV]F]čĤFLDZİ\FLX
=$&+2:$1,(:<*/ć' OXELSRV]DOHþ GXİRSLMH F]\OLĤZLčWDQLHRGGDMHVLč
SU]\MHPQRĤFLRPXFLHFKRPPDWHULDOQ\P ]MDGãDG]LHFNXF]HNRODGNL F]\OLĤZLčWDnie XOHJDSRNXVLH F]DVDPLGHQHUZXMĈFD SRWUDILĤZLčWRĤFLĈGHQHUZRZDþ SDOL]ZãRNL
F]DVDPLMHM]DFKRZDQLHGDMHGRP\ĤOHQLD QLHUR]JDUQLčWDQLHZ\JOĈGDGREU]H
,11( ĤZLčW\PPRİHE\þNDİG\]QDV bez przesady QLHSRWUDILčZVND]DþFHFK\
SU]HFLZVWDZQHMGRMHMĤZLčWRĤFL QLHZLHPERQLH]QDP QLHPDRVyEĤZLčW\FK NDİG\
ma swoje wady on nie co to znaczy? WUXGQRXZLHU]\þİHLVWQLHMH
ģZLčW\
%5$.:$',6â$%2ģ&, ma wady E\ZD]PčF]RQ\ E\ZD]QLHFKčFRQ\ czasem PRİQDXMU]HþZQLPSHZQHZDG\ F]DVDPL]GDU]DPXVLč]URELþFRĤ]ãHJR zdarza PXVLčSRSHãQLþJU]HFK NDİG\SRND]XMHURJL F]DVHPZĈWSL ]GDU]DMĈPXVLčJRUV]H
dni P\ĤOLPDEUXGQH F]\OLĤZLčW\QLHPDQLHF]\VW\FKP\ĤOLQLHPDFKZLO]ZĈW
SLHQLDVãDERĤFLZDG SRSHãQLãZLHOHEãčGyZZVZRLPİ\FLX(ĤZLčW\QLHJU]HV]\
'ODĤZLčWHJRWDNİH]QDMGXMHP\Z\WãXPDF]HQLHGODHZHQWXDOQ\FKVãDERĤFLJG\E\WDNLH
Z\ND] \Z Dã =:<.â< &=â2:,(. MHVWW\ONRF]ãRZLHNLHP jest przede wszystkim F]ãRZLHNLHPGODWHJRPDWHVDPHSUDZDLSRZLQQRĤFLFRNDİG\LQQ\F]ãRZLHN MHVWWHİ
F]ãRZLHNLHPZLčFPDWHİOXG]NLHFHFK\ MHVWUyZQLHİW\ONRF]ãRZLHNLHPNWyU\PLHZD
VZRMHVãDERĤFL QLHPDQLNRJRGRVNRQDãHJRLZV]\VF\MHVWHĤP\OXGĮPL
$87(17<&=1< W\ONRQDSRND] QLHGRNRęFD W\ONRZVZRLPPQLHPDQLX W\ONR
ZHGOHVDPHJRVLHELH F]čVWRXGDMH F]DVDPLZ\FKRG]L]QLHJRMHJRSUDZG]LZHREOLF]H
8&=&,:< QLHSU]H]FDãHİ\FLHSRVWčSRZDãZHGãXJPRUDOQ\FK]DVDG MHJRG]LDãD
QLDQLHVĈ]JRGQH]SU]\MčW\PL]DVDGDPL PDQLHZ\SDU]RQĈJčEč F]\OLĤZLčW\MHVW
:QDZLDVDFKXPLHĤFLãDPNRPHQWDU]HZãDVQHGRUHDNFMLZ\JHQHURZDQ\FKSU]H]UHVSRQGHQWyZ
2GSRZLHGĮGRSXV]F]DGZLHLQWHUSUHWDFMH QDZHWĤZLčWDSRVLDGDMDNLHĤZDG\ E\FLH
ĤZLčWĈX]QDQH]DSU]\SDGãRĤþZDGč
ģZLčWDĤZLčW\²charakterystyka porównawcza obrazów skojarzeniowych SRZĤFLĈJOLZ\QLHW\ONRZF]\QDFKOHF]WDNİHLZPRZLH PDFRĤ]DXV]DPL NDİG\
PDFRĤ]DXV]DPL QLHZ\SHãQLDVXPLHQQLHVZRLFKRERZLĈ]NyZ F]\OLĤZLčW\zawsze SU]HVWU]HJD]DVDGPRUDOQ\FKFHFKXMHJRVXPLHQQRĤþLXF]FLZRĤþ
1,(6,(3202& QLHMHVWZVWDQLHSRPyFNDİGHPXNRPXE\FKFLDã nie ma czasu QDU]HF]\ZLVWĈGREURþZREHFLQQ\FKOXG]L QLHSRND]XMHWHJRZF]\QDFK(ĤZLčW\ nie RGPDZLDQLNRPXSRPRF\ GREURþNWyUĈXGRZDGQLDF]\QDPLMHVWÅQLHQDSRND]µ :=Ð5 QLHZLHOHRVyEELHU]H]QLHJRSU]\NãDG SDPLčþRQLPQLHSU]HWUZDSUyE\F]DVX
(ĤZLčW\E\ZDSU]\NãDGHPGODLQQ\FKWDNİHSRĤPLHUFL
:<75:$â< EUDNXMHPXZROLZDONLLPRW\ZDFML .$121,=2:$1< niekanonizo
wany 5$'261< QLHPDZQLPUDGRĤFL 6=$18-(,11<&+ JDUG]LLQQ\PLOXGĮPL
:<*/ć'=$&+2:$1,( ]E\WPãRG\ QLHP\MH]čEyZSR]DFKRG]HQLHPGRNRĤFLRãD
QLFZMHJR]DFKRZDQLXQLHMHVWĤZLčWH QLHĮOHWU]HSQLčW\
,11( kto z nas nie jest ĤZLčW\PPRİHV]E\þLW\ QLHZLHPFRQDSLVDþ« ĤZLčWRĤþ
jest trudna do potwierdzenia i udowodnienia QLHUR]XPLHPF]HPXW\OH]ãDVSRW\
NDGREU\FKOXG]LNLHG\ĮOLQDW\PNRU]\VWDMĈ QDSUDZGčQLHPDOXG]LSUDZG]LZLH
ĤZLčW\FK
-3X]\QLQDZVND]DãDİHXSRGVWDZSROVNLHJRVãRZDĤZLčW\ MDNLMHJR
VãRZLDęVNLFKRGSRZLHGQLNyZ ]QDMGXMHVLčÅPRFQ\µÅSHãHQPRF\µÅVLOQ\µ
> SU]\S@=MHGQHMVWURQ\ZVSyOQ\Z\PLDUGODĤZLčWHMiĤZLčWHJR WR 1,(326,$'$1,(6â$%2ģ&,=GUXJLHM]DĤSRMDZLDVLčSRVWU]HJDQLH
ĤZLčW\FK]SHUVSHNW\Z\%<&,$ =:<.â<0 &=â2:,(.,(0:W\PGUXJLP
UHVSRQGHQFLXSDWUXMĈSU]\F]\QPRİOLZ\FKEãčGyZĤZLčWHMiĤZLčWHJR=HEUDQH
RGSRZLHG]LZVND]XMĈİHĤZLčW\PPRJĈQLHE\þREFHVãDERĤFLQDWXU\OXG]NLHM
LPRİHVLč]GDU]\þİHSRSHãQLĈEãĈGGRSXV]F]ĈVLčJU]HFKXSRQLHZDİPDMĈ
MDN]Z\NOLOXG]LHJRUV]HGQL:VSyOQ\Z\PLDUGODĤZLčWHMiĤZLčWHJRWRWDN
İH$87(17<&=12ģý]EXGRZDQDQDV]F]HURĤFL%\FLHĤZLčWĈF]\ĤZLčW\P QLHMHVWQDSRND]²QLHVSRVyEXGDZDþĤZLčWRĤFL3LHUZV]\]Z\ãRQLRQ\FK
L]DUD]HPQDMVLOQLHMV]\]Z\PLDUyZXND]XMHİHĤZLčWDiĤZLčW\ QLHPDMĈZDG
VãDERĤFLEUXGQ\FKP\ĤOLLQLHSRSHãQLDMĈJU]HFKyZ7\ONRZSU]\SDGNXĤZLčWHM SU]\ZRãDQRFHFKčFQRWOLZRĤFLZVWU]HPLčĮOLZRĤFL&HFKDWDPRİHE\þG]LHG]L
F]RQD]LQQHJRRJyOQLHMV]HJRREUD]X²NRELHW\0DULD2VVRZVNDZ6RFMRORJLL
PRUDOQRĤFLF]\Z3RGVWDZDFKQDXNLRPRUDOQRĤFLSRGNUHĤODãDİHNRELHWRPSU]H]
ZLHNLVWDZLDQRZ\PyJF]\VWRĤFLSU]HGPDãİHęVNLHM2ERZLĈ]HNWHQE\ãGXİR
VãDELHMDNFHQWRZDQ\ZREHFPčİF]\]Q3RQDGWRSURZDG]HQLHVLčPRUDOQHNRELHW
GHF\GRZDãRRLFKZDUWRĤFLMDNRF]ãRZLHNX3U]\ĤZLčW\PSRãRİRQRQDFLVNQD
XF]FLZRĤþ&HFKčXF]FLZRĤFLSRZLĈ]DQR]SU]HVWU]HJDQLHP]DVDGVWRVRZDQLHP
VLčGRQLFK-3X]\QLQDZVND]XMHİHSRMčFLHFQRW\MHVWZRJyOQ\PMč]\NXSRO
VNLP]GHSUHFMRQRZDQH-HGQĈ]SU]\F]\QPRİHE\þGRPLQDFMD]QDF]HQLDFQRW\
G]LHZLFWZDL]ZLĈ]HN]PRUDOQRĤFLĈPDãRPLHV]F]DęVNĈ> SU]\S@
:GDOV]HMF]čĤFLVWXGHQW]DPLHĤFLãSU]HSLVQDQDOHĤQLNL
=GDQLHP-3X]\QLQ\ÅSU]\PLRWQLNFQRWOLZ\QDOHİ\GRQLHZLHOXOHNVHPyZRQLHPDOZSHãQL
VNRQZHQFMRQDOL]RZDQ\P]QDF]HQLXGUZLĈF\POXEOHNFHZDİĈFRSRJDUGOLZ\Pµ> @
%RİHQD1LHþNR%XNRZVND
=GDQLHP%HDW\5DV]HZVNLHMįXUHNFQRWDMDNRSRMčFLHRJyOQHÅZLĈ]DãDVLč
]IXQNFMRQRZDQLHPF]ãRZLHNDZVSRãHF]QRĤFLZSU]HVWU]HQLSXEOLF]QHMFR
SRZRGRZDãRİHZLQQ\VSRVyERGQRVLãDVLčGRPčİF]\]Q\DZLQQ\GRNRELHW\
3RĤUyGSUHF\]\MQLHMV]\FKSRMčþ²VNãDGQLNyZFQRW\MDNUR]WURSQRĤþXPLDU
G]LHOQRĤþJRGQRĤþPĈGURĤþ]DFQRĤþVSUDZLHGOLZRĤþLWSZLčNV]RĤþGRW\F]\ãD
PčİF]\]Qµ>@=GDQLDUHVSRQGHQWyZ « ĤZLčW\PPRİHE\þNDİG\
z nas QLHPDRVyEĤZLčW\FK ĤZLčW\PPRİHV]E\þLW\ QDSUDZGčQLHPDOXG]L
SUDZG]LZLHĤZLčW\FK²]JRGQLH]SU]\MPRZDQ\PLLQWHUSUHWDFMDPLGODEXWWHVWX
²ZVND]XMĈQDQHJDFMčĤZLčWRĤFLMDNR]MDZLVNDZRJyOHDOERXND]XMĈİHbycie ĤZLčW\PMHVWF]\PĤZ\MĈWNRZ\PLSU]H]QDF]RQ\PFDãNRZLFLHGODQLHOLF]Q\FK
3RGUR]ZDJčPRİQDZ]LĈþS\WDQLD F]\]JRGQLH]SU]\ZRãDQ\PLSRWRF]Q\PL
REUD]DPLVNRMDU]HQLRZ\PLNRELHFLHMHVWWUXGQLHM]RVWDþĤZLčWĈQLİPčİF]\ĮQLH
ĤZLčW\P"&]\NRELHWRPZGURG]HGRĤZLčWRĤFLVWDZLDVLčZLčFHMZ\PDJDę"
'UXJLHS\WDQLHVNLHURZDQHGR UHVSRQGHQWyZ]DZLHUDãRQDVWčSXMĈFĈ
LQVWUXNFMč 2SLV]ZNLONXVãRZDFKOXE]GDQLDFKVZRMHZ\REUDİHQLHQDWHPDW
;D ; ĤZLčWHMĤZLčWHJR :ĈWSOLZRĤFLPRİHEXG]LþQLHW\SRZHSROHFHQLH
²JHQHUDOQLHZWHVWDFKVNRMDU]HęVZRERGQ\FKSURVLVLčR]DSLVDQLHSLHUZV]HJR
VNRMDU]HQLDNWyUHSU]\MG]LHGRJãRZ\DQNLHWRZDQHPXSRSU]HF]\WDQLXVãR
ZDERGĮFD:SU]\SDGNXWHJRSROHFHQLDFKRG]LãRRSR]\VNDQLH]HVWDZXFHFK
RSLVXMĈF\FKSU]HGVWDZLFLHODGDQHMNODV\3ROHFHQLHWRPLDãRVW\PXORZDþUH
VSRQGHQWyZGRVDPRG]LHOQHJRSURGXNRZDQLDZLčFHMQLİMHGQHMUHDNFML3URĤED
RRSLVDQLHSRG]LHOHQLHVLčVZRLPZ\REUDİHQLHPQDWHPDW;DRVDG]RQD]RVWDãD
ZUDPLHPRGDOQHMÅWDNLMDNLMHVWµ>%DUWPLęVNL @,FRFLHNDZH
RGSRZLHG]LRSLVyZX]\VNDQ\FKRGUHVSRQGHQWyZ]DF]\QDãRVLčRGVãyZ
Å7RRVREDNWyUDMHVW« 2VREDNWyUD« -HVW« 7RWDNDRVREDNWyUDMHVW«µ
2VREDSU]HSURZDG]DMĈFDEDGDQLHNRQWURORZDãDF]DVLSU]HELHJ$QDOL]čZ\
QLNyZ SR]\VNDQ\FK WHVWHP VNRMDU]Hę VZRERGQ\FK SU]HSURZDG]RQR
ZQLHZLHONLPVWRSQLX]XZDJLQDFKDUDNWHU\VW\NčOLF]ERZĈNRUSXVyZUHDN
FMLDJãyZQLH]XZDJLQDVLãčZ\PLDUyZ]UHNRQVWUXRZDQ\FK]RWU]\PDQ\FK
GDQ\FK:VXPLHRWU]\PDQR ZV]\VWNLFKUHDNFML 6:5 GODĤZLčWHM
LGODĤZLčWHJR 6LãDUHDNFMLGRPLQXMĈFHMF]\OLOLF]EDRVyE]JUXS\
RGNWyUHMX]\VNDQRUHDNFMčQDMF]čVWV]ĈZ\QRVLGODKDVãDĤZLčWD dobra
DGODĤZLčWHJR SRPDJD(innym spokojny =GDQ\FKZ\QLNDİHUHVSRQGHQFL
JHQHURZDOLSRGREQĈOLF]EčVNRMDU]HęGODKDVHã1DMF]čVWV]HUHDNFMHQDKDVãR
ĤZLčWD ZUD]]OLF]EĈSRGDMĈF\FKMHRVyE²ZQDZLDVLH WR dobra SRPDJD
innym pomocna Z]yUGRQDĤODGRZDQLD bezinteresowna SHãQD
SRĤZLčFHQLD DOWUXLVWND WURVNOLZD SRĤZLčFDMĈFDVLčGODLQQ\FK spokojna VSUDZLHGOLZD skromna 1DKDVãRĤZLčW\ SRPDJDLQ
nym spokojny osoba dobra pomocny uczciwy skromny
%D]XMĈFQDZV]\VWNLFKUHDNFMDFKRWU]\PDQ\FKRGUHVSRQGHQWyZZ\RGUčEQLRQR
SRGVWDZRZHZ\PLDU\²DVSHNW\REUD]yZVNRMDU]HQLRZ\FK6SRVyEZ\RGUčE
QLDQLDUHDNFMLE\ãQDVWčSXMĈF\ ]H]GDQLD2VREDNWyUDMHVWZ]RUHPGODLQQ\FK
SR]\VNDQRFHFKčZ]yUGODLQQ\FK3RQLİHMSRGDQRZ\PLDU\GODKDVHã
ģZLčWDĤZLčW\²charakterystyka porównawcza obrazów skojarzeniowych
ģZLčWD
'2%5$3202&1$$/758,67.$ czyni dobro dobra pomocna SRPDJD
LQQ\P pomoc SRPDJDNDİGHMRVRELHZSRWU]HELH wspiera bezinteresowna dobroduszna GĈİ\GRZ\İV]HJRGREUDDQLHZãDVQHMSU]\MHPQRĤFLGRF]HVQHM
SHãQDSRĤZLčFHQLD SHãQDPLãRĤFL QLHRF]HNXMHQLF]HJRZ]DPLDQ DOWUXLVWND
WURVNOLZD QDMZDİQLHMV]HGODQLHMMHVWGREURLQQ\FKOXG]L²ZW\PRGQDMGXMH
V]F]čĤFLHLVSHãQLHQLH RGF]XZDMĈFDZVSyãF]XFLH SRĤZLčFDVLčGODLQQ\FK G]LHOL
VLčF]DVHP G]LHOLVLčGRĤZLDGF]HQLHP FKčWQLHXG]LHOLSRPRF\ FKčWQLHQLHVLHSRPRF
innym RGGDQDOXG]LRP
2''$1$ :,(5=( oddana nie traci wiary ZLDUDZLRGĈFĈZDUWRĤFLĈZİ\FLX
VWDZLDZLDUčZFHQWUXP ZLHU]HSRGSRU]ĈGNRZXMHVSUDZ\Zİ\FLX skoncentrowana na rozwoju duchowym GĈİ\GRĤZLčWRĤFLF]\OL]EDZLHQLD oddana idei ZLHU]ĈFD
RJãčERNLHMZLHU]H PDJãčERNĈZLDUč SRVWčSXMH]JRGQLH]SU]\ND]DQLDPL SU]HVWU]HJD
GHNDORJX SRVWčSXMH]JRGQLH]GRNWU\QĈUHOLJLMQĈ SRVWčSXMHZHGãXJ]DVDGNVLčJL
wiary nie poddaje zasad krytyce SRĤZLčFDVLčUHOLJLL SRERİQD
:=Ð5 Z]yUGODLQQ\FK Z]yUGRQDĤODGRZDQLD wzór cnót wzór JRGQDQDĤOD
dowania LGHDã LGHDãPDWNL GREUDZV]\VWNRUR]XPLHZ\EDF]DEãčG\VWDUDVLč
SRPyFZ\UR]XPLDãDZV]\VWNLFKWUDNWXMHUyZQR MHVWSU]\NãDGHP
35=<-$&,(/6.$35=<-$=1$ ]DFKRZXMHGREUHUHODFMH]LQQ\PL RVREDİ\MĈFDZ
]JRG]LH]LQQ\PL nie sprawia zawodu innym ZSã\ZDGREU]HQDRWRF]HQLH otwarta QDLQQ\FKOXG]L FHQLQDWXUč FHQLGUXJLHJRF]ãRZLHND SRVWčSXMHVãXV]QLHQLHXUDİDMĈF
QLNRJR EH]QHJDW\ZQ\FKHPRFML İ\F]OLZD SHãQDUDGRĤFL PLãD
:<75:$â$ Z\WUZDãD sumienna XSDUFLHGĈİĈFDGRFHOXZEUHZSU]HFLZQRĤFLĈ
VLF ORVX XSDUWRĤþ hart ducha SHZQDVZRLFKSU]HNRQDę SHãQDJRUOLZRĤFL panuje nad zachciankami PDVLOQĈZROčDOERQLHNXVLMHM]ãRMDNLQQ\FK SRVWčSRZDQLH
LFKDUDNWHUZDİQLHMV]HRGGyEUPDWHULDOQ\FK SDQXMHQDGVãDERĤFLDPL
0,67<&=.$$6&(7.$ PLVW\F]ND GRĤZLDGF]HQLDPLVW\F]QH dokonuje cudów
SRWUDIL]G]LDãDþFXGD ascetka PčF]HQQLFD SRĤPLHUFLMHMFLDãRSR]RVWDMHQLHQDUXV]RQH
2':$į1$6=&=(5$ RGZDİQD QLHERLVLč]DU\]\NRZDþVZRMHJRİ\FLDEH]SLH
F]HęVWZDUHSXWDFMLZLPLčZ\İV]\FKZDUWRĤFLQLHERLVLčZ\UDİDþVZRLFKRSLQLL
szczera VWDZLDVLčQDSU]HNyUZV]\VWNLHPX broni swoich racji
632.2-1$ spokojna SHãQDSRNRMX
0,â26,(51$ PLãRVLHUQD Z\EDF]DQDZHWVZRLPZURJRP QLHİ\F]\ZURJRPĮOH
Z\MĈWNRZHF]\Q\Z\ND]DãDVLčPLãRVLHUG]LHP
6=/$&+(71$ V]ODFKHWQD nie jest zazdrosna nie jest zawistna nie ma nic na su
mieniu QLHSRSHãQLDEãčGyZ QLHSRSHãQLDJU]HFKyZ SU]HVWU]HJD]DVDGPRUDOQ\FK
QRUPVSRãHF]Q\FK
635$:,('/,:$ VSUDZLHGOLZD
&127/,:$ dziewica FQRWOLZD QLHVNDODQD czysta
7XWDNİHUHDNFMHRWU]\PDQHRGUHVSRQGHQWyZSLVDQHVĈNXUV\ZĈ
=DXZDİDVLčİHNDWHJRULHU]HF]RZQLNRZHGHQRWXMĈZLĈ]NčFHFKNWyUDREHMPXMHFHFK\FKD
UDNWHURORJLF]QHIL]\F]QHRUD]W\SRZH]DFKRZDQLD>.XUF]@
%RİHQD1LHþNR%XNRZVND
6.5201$32.251$ skromna MHVWZĤUyGOXG]LDQLHSRQDGQLPL pokorna
XãRİRQD
.$121,=2:$1$ X]QDQD]DWDNĈSU]H].RĤFLyã ]DVãXİ\ãDVLčZNRĤFLHOH ]RVWDãD
RVREĈĤZLčWĈ
3267$ý PãRGDNRELHWD]Hã]DPL ELDã\ LGHDã ]HVNU]\GãDPL PDDXUHROč -RDQQD
G·$UF Teresa %DUEDUD
,11( F]ãRZLHN zakonnica F]čVWRQDOHİ\GRVWDQXGXFKRZQHJR NRELHWDZ\UyİQLDMĈFD
VLčVZRMĈZLDUĈ QLHPDPčİD SãHþQLHVWDZLDMHMDQLZ\İHMDQLQLİHM VZRMĈRFHQč
EXGXMHVZRMĈG]LDãDOQRĤFLĈ RVREDZDUWRĤFLRZDDOHNDİG\SRVLDGDZDG\L]DOHW\
wojny DĤZLčW\FKQLHPD" ĤZLčWDPDWND QLHVNDODQHERVNLH
ģZLčW\
'2%5<3202&1<$/758,67$ dobry osoba dobra pomocny SRPDJD
LQQ\P ]DZV]HMHVWJRWRZ\SRPyF DOWUXLVWD G]LDãDFKDU\WDW\ZQLH bezintere
sowna pomoc F]XþGREURþ QLHGĈİ\GRSRSUDZ\VWDWXVXPDMĈWNRZHJR nie opuszcza ZWUXGQ\FKFKZLODFK ]DZV]HPRİQDQDQLHJROLF]\þ FKčWQ\GRSRPRF\ czyni dobro
EDUG]LHMGEDRGREURLQQ\FKQLİVZRMHZãDVQH JRWRZ\GRSRĤZLHFHę dobre serce
GREURF]\MHĤQDGVZRLP SRPRFQ\ZPLDUčVLã GREURWOLZ\ czynami udowadnia mi
ãRĤþGRĤZLDWD otwarty na potrzeby innych SU]\F]\QLDVLčGRF]HJRĤGREUHJR czyni W\ONRGREUR İ\FLHZ\SHãQLRQHXF]\QNDPLGODLQQ\FK QLHMHVWRERMčWQ\QDSUREOHP\
LNU]\ZGčEOLĮQLHJR Hmpatyczny GRVWU]HJDGREURZRVREDFKDQLHW\ONRZ%RJX
2''$1< %2*8 EH]ZĈWSOLZRĤFLLVSU]HFLZXZ\SHãQLD]DOHFHQLDVZRMHMUHOLJLL
XIDEH]JUDQLF]QLHZSU]\MčW\SU]H]VLHELHDEVROXW SRĤZLčFDVLč%RJXZNDİG\FK
warunkach F]čVWRVLčPRGOL QLHNRQLHF]QHFRG]LHQQLHFKRG]LQDPV]HLPRGOLVLč
czy dokonuje cudów İ\FLHSRĤZLčFD%RJXZLHU]H VNXSLRQ\QD%RJX wybrany przez
%RJD RVREDZLHU]ĈFD Z\WUZDã\ZZLHU]H ZLHONDZLDUD İ\ãSRERİQLH EH]JU]HFKX
8&=&,:<6=/$&+(71< uczciwy QLHPRİQDPXQLF]DU]XFLþ İ\MHZ]JRG]LH
ze swoim sumieniem QLHQDJDQQH]DFKRZDQLHQLH]DZLVWQ\ QLHXWUDFLãZLDU\
ZOXG]NRĤþGREURþLEH]ZDUXQNRZĈPLãRĤþ bez skazy EH]JU]HFKX
35=<-$&,(6.,:<52=80,$â< PLã\ V\PSDW\F]Q\ QLHG]LHOLOXG]LQDJUXS\
radosny PLãDVSRNRMQDWZDU] XĤPLHFKQLčWDRVREDGXİRZ\UR]XPLDãRĤFLGOD
innych Z\UR]XPLDã\
=$6$'1,&=<67$12:&=< SU]HVWU]HJDMDVQRRNUHĤORQ\FK]DVDG niezachwiane zasady İ\MH]JRGQLH]HVZRLPL]DVDGDPL WU]\PDVLč]DVDGNWyUHQLH]DZV]HVĈ
ãDWZHGRSU]HVWU]HJDQLDQLHXOHJã\ stanowczy
0ć'5<635$:,('/,:< PĈGU\ LQWHOLJHQFMDPĈGURĤþVSUDZLHGOLZ\ GRĤZLDG
F]RQ\SU]H]İ\FLH
2':$į1<6,/1< RGZDJD QLHERLVLčSRĤZLčFHę QLHERLVLčEyOX GXİDRGZDJD
broni wiary EURQLSU]HNRQDę PčİQ\ SU]HMPXMHLQLFMDW\Zč VLãD ZDOND nie miewa FKZLO]ZĈWSLHQLD QLHZUDİOLZHQDSRNXV\
35$&2:,7< SUDFXMHQDGVREĈE\E\þOHSV]\PF]ãRZLHNLHPPĈGU\PGREU\P
ZUDİOLZ\PQDNU]\ZGčLQQ\FK SUDFDQDGVREĈ Z\NRQDãGXİĈSUDFčQDU]HF]NRĤFLRãD
ģZLčWDĤZLčW\²charakterystyka porównawcza obrazów skojarzeniowych
6.5201< skromny QLHWUDNWXMH]JyU\ QLHQDFKDOQ\ QLHFKZDOLVLč nie wy
Z\İV]DVLč
:=Ð5 JRGQ\SRG]LZX JRG\QDĤODGRZDQLD Z]yUGODLQQ\FK LGHDã ZV]\VF\JR
V]DQXMĈ jedyny w swoim rodzaju RVREDLGHDOQD Z]yUGRQDĤODGRZDQLD E\WLGHDOQ\
632.2-1< spokojny osoba spokojna JU]HF]Q\ RSDQRZDQ\QLHXİ\ZDZXO
JDU\]PyZ
.$121,=2:$1< NDQRQL]RZDQ\SU]H]NRĤFLyãNDWROLFNL VLF zyskuje miano osoby ĤZLčWHMSRĤPLHUFL WUDILãGRQLHED SRĤPLHUFLGRVWDãVLčGRQLHED ]RVWDãZ\ĤZLčFRQ\
SU]H].RĤFLyã
&127/,:< FQRWOLZ\
,11( SDSLHİ QLHPXVLE\þFKU]HĤFLMDQLQHP GREU\FKU]HĤFLMDQLQ nie próbuje zmie
QLDþĤZLDWD ]PLHQLDĤZLDWQDOHSV]H WRQLHV\QRQLPGODJU]HF]Q\ SU]HFLZLHęVWZR
F]ãRZLHND QLHPDãDWZHJRİ\FLD
,RVWDWQLZ\PLDU]EXGRZDQ\]UHDNFML]ZLĈ]DQ\FK]:<*/ć'(0=(:1Č75=
1<0 siwy staruszek VLZ\]DXUHROĈ LVWRWD]DXUHROĈ DXUHROD QLHQRVLDXUHROL
PDĤPLHV]QĈF]DSNčFRĤZLHFL LVWRWDĤZLHWOLVWD Z\JOĈGDãE\MDNĤZLDWãR jasna EH]NV]WDãWQDPDVD GãXJDWXQLND UyİDQLHFSU]\SDVLH SRGVWRSDPLVNDUERQNDGOD
wiernych niekoniecznie starszy MHVWWDNLMDNNDİG\
3RQDGWRZ\PLHQLRQRQDVWčSXMĈFH&(&+<1(*$7<:1(:$'<ĤZLčWHJR miewa JRUV]HGQL PLHZD]DãDPDQLD z pozoru brak wad RGELHUDQ\MDNRRVREDRGOHJãD
SU]HUDİD RUD]WDNLHZNWyU\FK]DQHJRZDQRLVWQLHQLHĤZLčW\FK QLHPDĤZLčW\FK ĤZLčFLQLHLVWQLHMĈ ZWHRULLLVWRW\QLHZLQQHF]\VWH
6WRSLHęSRGRELHęVWZDREUD]yZVNRMDU]HQLRZ\FKXND]XMĈZ\ãRQLRQHUHDNFMH
LGHQW\F]QH UHDNFMHRWHMVDPHMIRUPLHUyİQLĈFHVLčQSOLF]EĈOXEURG]DMHP
JUDPDW\F]Q\PGODSDU\KDVHã ĤZLčWDĤZLčW\ 3RQLİHMUHDNFMHLGHQW\F]QH
ZUD]]OLF]EĈSRGDMĈF\FKMHRVyE ĤZLčWDĤZLčW\ GREUDGREU\ SRPRFQD
pomocny SRPDJDLQQ\P DOWUXLVWNDDOWUXLVWD czyni dobro FKčWQLHXG]LHOLSRPRF\FKčWQ\GRSRPRF\ Z]yUGRQDĤODGRZDQLD
JRGQDJRGQ\QDĤODGRZDQLD Z]yUGODLQQ\FK LGHDã dokonuje cudów FQRWOLZDFQRWOLZ\ DXUHROD VSRNRMQDVSRNRMQ\
QLHMHVW]DZLVWQDQLH]DZLVWQ\ VNURPQDVNURPQ\ VSUDZLHGOLZD
VSUDZLHGOLZ\ PLãDPLã\
ģZLčWDMHVWÅZ\WUZDãDµDOHUHDNFMDÅVWDQRZF]DµQLH]RVWDãD]DREVHUZRZDQD
ģZLčW\MHVWÅVSUDZLHGOLZ\µÅGRĤZLDGF]RQ\µLÅZ\UR]XPLDã\µģZLčWD]SRZ\İ
V]\FKWU]HFKSRVLDGDÅVSUDZLHGOLZRĤþµLSRMHG\QF]ĈFHFKčZ\UR]XPLDãRĤFL
DOHSU]\WRF]RQĈMDNRHOHPHQWVNãDGRZ\LGHDãXPDWNL8ĤZLčWHJRSRMDZLDVLč
VLOQDFHFKDSU]\SLV\ZDQDPčİF]\]QRPZSRVWDFLVLã\ģZLčW\MHVW]DVDGQLF]\
VWDQRZF]\QLHXOHJã\ģZLčWDMHVWSU]\MDFLHOVND3RWRF]QLHNRELHW\SRVWU]HJDQH
VĈMDNRGREUHLPLãH]DĤPčİF]\ĮQLMDNRVLOQL7DNLVSRVyEP\ĤOHQLDPRİH
ZMDNLHMĤPLHU]HWãXPDF]\þ]DREVHUZRZDQ\EUDNFHFKQHJDW\ZQ\FKSU]\ĤZLčWHM
7\ONRZWHRULLLVWRW\QLHZLQQHF]\VWH]DĤZU]HF]\ZLVWRĤFL²QLH
%RİHQD1LHþNR%XNRZVND
3RQDGWRĤZLčWĈFHFKXMHRGGDQLHSRĤZLčFHQLHģZLčWHMSU]\SLVDQRFHFKčE\
cia V]ODFKHWQĈ i PLãRVLHUQĈ]DĤĤZLčWHPXSUDFčQDGVREĈ3U]\ZRãDQDSU]H]
UHVSRQGHQWyZFHFKDZSRVWDFLPLãRVLHUG]LDWRVSRWčJRZDQLHGREUDģZLčW\MHVW
Z\UR]XPLDã\GRĤZLDGF]RQ\SU]H]İ\FLHPĈGU\²UHVSRQGHQFLSU]\SLVXMĈPX
]UR]XPLHQLHGODEãčGyZOXG]NLFKRUD]XPLHMčWQRĤþZ\EDF]DQLDģZLčWDMHVW
FQRWOLZDMHVWPLVW\F]NĈDOHLOXEPčF]HQQLFĈ:VSyãF]HĤQLXİ\WNRZQLF\Mč]\
NDSROVNLHJRZ\UD]ÅFQRWDµXİ\ZDMĈZ]QDF]HQLX¶G]LHZLFWZR·DOER¶G]LHZLFD·
%5DV]HZVNDįXUHNXZDİDİHFQRWDVWRSQLRZRSU]HVWDMHE\þZDUWRĤFLĈLÅZãD
ĤFLZLHZRJyOHSU]HVWDMHR]QDF]DþZDUWRĤþµ>@-HGQDNİHÅFQRWDµ
ZSU]\SDGNXNRELHW\²ĤZLčWHM]GDMHVLčZFLĈİRGJU\ZDþQLHEDJDWHOQĈUROč
2WZDUWHSR]RVWDMHS\WDQLH F]\LMDNLHFHFK\ZREUD]DFKĤZLčWHMiĤZLčWHJR prze
QLNDMĈ]EDUG]LHMRJyOQ\FK NRELHW\LPčİF]\]Q\RUD]LOHLFKSU]HQLND":\PDJD
WRMHGQDNRVREQ\FKLSRJãčELRQ\FKEDGDę=DVWDQDZLDMĈF\MHVWIDNWGODF]HJR
WDNDFHFKDMDNSU]\MDFLHOVNRĤþSRMDZLDMĈVLčSU]\ĤZLčW\PDOHVWDQRZF]RĤþ
]DVDGQLF]RĤþQLHSU]HELMDVLčZREUD]LHĤZLčWHM" 1LHPRİQDZ\NOXF]\þİHZ\QLND
WR]SLORWDİRZHJRFKDUDNWHUXEDGDę-HĤOLSU]\MĈþİHREUD]ĤZLčWHM iĤZLčWHJR SRVLDGDFKDUDNWHU]ãRİRQ\LİHVNãDGDVLč]GZyFKZDUVWZ ]HĤZLčWRĤFLE\FLD
ĤZLčW\PLE\FLDNRELHWĈOXEPčİF]\]QĈWRZ\]ZDQLHPEčG]LHXVWDOHQLHNWyUH
QSFHFK\ÅĤZLčWRĤFLµVĈ]DNRWZLF]RQHZREUD]LHNRELHW\PčİF]\]Q\,QDF]HM
F]\NDWHJRULD]ãRİRQD;<WRNDWHJRULD;NWyUDMHVW< NRELHWDNWyUDMHVW
ĤZLčWĈ F]\UDF]HMNDWHJRULD]ãRİRQD;<WRNDWHJRULD<NWyUDMHVW; ĤZLčWD
NWyUDMHVWNRELHWĈ "%DUG]RFLHNDZHZ\GDMHVLčRGQRWRZDQLHMHV]F]HLQQHJR
RGQLHVLHQLD RWU]\PDQHUHDNFMHRSLVXMĈFHĤZLčW\FK]EOLİRQHVĈGRSRWRF]Q\FK
Z\REUDİHęRDQLRãDFK1LHNWyU]\UHVSRQGHQFLSRGDZDOLİHĤZLčWDĤZLčW\
WRLVWRWDĤZLHWOLVWDVNU]\GODWDPRİHEXG]LþOčNPDDXUHROč]HVNU]\GãDPL
ģZLčFLSU]HGVWDZLHQL]RVWDOLMDNRLVWRW\MDVQHSHãQHĤZLDWãD
-DNLHFHFK\ĤZLčWHMiĤZLčWHJRVĈQDMV]HU]HMXĤZLDGDPLDQHSU]H]EDGDQ\FK"
2WU]\PDQHGDQHXND]XMĈİ\Z\SRWRF]Q\EDUG]RSR]\W\ZQ\REUD]ĤZLčW\FK
&HFK\QHJDW\ZQHVĈ]QLNRPHVSRUDG\F]QHLZ\JHQHURZDQRMHW\ONRGODĤZLčWHJR
PLHZDJRUV]HGQL PLHZD]DãDPDQLD z pozoru brak wad3RMDZLã\VLčWDNİH
RGSRZLHG]L²QLHOLF]QHDOHMHGQDNQHJXMĈFHĤZLčWRĤþF]\ĤZLčW\FK2WU]\PDQ\
REUD]ĤZLčW\FK Z\QLNDMĈF\FRSUDZGD]EDGDęRFKDUDNWHU]HSLORWDİRZ\P
SU]HSURZDG]RQ\FKQDQLHZLHONLHMJUXSLHPãRG\FKOXG]L PRİQDX]QDþ]DER
JDW\]XZDJLQDLORĤþ]HEUDQ\FKLQIRUPDFMLSU]\Xİ\FLXÅVRNUDWHMVNLHMµPHWRG\
]DGDZDQLDS\WDę3HZQHVNRMDU]HQLDSRSURVWXVĈREHFQHZNXOWXU]H7DND
Z\SRZLHGĮMDN Å2QDMHVWĤZLčWDµF]\Å2QMHVWĤZLčW\µZVND]XMHİHRVREDNWyUHM
GRW\F]\XZDİDQDMHVW]DGREUHJRF]ãRZLHNDWDNLHJRNWyU\]DZV]HSRPRİH
1DWHPDWVWHUHRW\SyZNDWHJRULL]ãRİRQ\FK]RE0LNRãDMF]DN0DW\MD
::6-3 DQLRãWRQLHW\ONRÅF]ãRZLHNNWyU\MHVWQLH]Z\NOHGREU\GODLQQ\FKµ$QLRã przed
VWDZLDQ\MHVWMDNRLVWRWDGXFKRZDÅOXG]NLHMSRVWDFL]HVNU]\GãDPLµ
1LHZ\NOXF]RQHİHMHVWWRVSRZRGRZDQHZ\REUDİHQLHPRĤZLčW\PF]ãRZLHNXMXİSRMHJR
ĤPLHUFL7U]HEDWDNİHRGQRWRZDþİH]JRGQLH]:6-3SUDVãRZLDęVNLHVYčWWRQLHW\ONRÅPRFQ\µF]\
ÅVLOQ\µOHF]WDNİHÅMDĤQLHMĈF\µ
ģZLčWDĤZLčW\²charakterystyka porównawcza obrazów skojarzeniowych
RVREDRNWyUHMPRİQDU]HFİHMHVWSRSURVWXDQLRãHPXFLHOHĤQLHQLHPGREUD
3U]\NãDGRZHZ\REUDİHQLDRĤZLčW\FKPyZLĈRLFKREOLF]XãDJRGQ\PDOH]DUD]HP
VPXWQ\P5HVSRQGHQFLSU]\SLVDOLĤZLčW\PSRMHG\QF]HFHFK\ZVND]XMĈFHQD
E\FLHPLã\PUDGRVQ\PF]\V]F]čĤOLZ\P ĤZLčWDMHVWV]F]čĤOLZD ]DĤĤZLčW\MHVW
radosny:QLRVNXMĈF QDSRGVWDZLH]HEUDQ\FKGDQ\FK FHFK\SU]\SLV\ZDQH
ĤZLčWHMSRVLDGDMĈFKDUDNWHUFQyWFKU]HĤFLMDęVNLFK ZVWU]HPLčĮOLZRĤþFQRWD
SRNRUDEĈGĮPLãRVLHUG]LH&HFK\SU]\SLV\ZDQHĤZLčWHPXSU]\ELHUDMĈSRVWDþ
EDUG]LHMFQyWG]LHOQRĤFL]DOHWZXMčFLXDU\VWRWHOHVRZVNLP XF]FLZRĤþSUDFD
QDGVREĈRSDQRZDQLH2EUD]\VNRMDU]HQLRZHGODĤZLčW\FKXND]XMĈİHĤZLč
tej iĤZLčWHPXUHVSRQGHQFLQLHSU]\SLV\ZDOLZ\ãĈF]QLHUHDNFMLLGHQW\F]Q\FK
2F]\ZLĤFLHSUDZGĈMHVWWHİİH]JRGQLH]]HEUDQ\PPDWHULDãHPEDGDZF]\P
SHZQHFHFK\VĈZVSyOQHLFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]QHGODRVRE\ĤZLčWHM niesienie po
PRF\RGGDQLH%RJXLZLHU]HGRNRQ\ZDQLHFXGyZģZLčFL ZLG]LDQLRF]DPL
UHVSRQGHQWyZ]GDMĈVLčXFLHOHĤQLHQLHPZDUWRĤFLWDNLFKMDN GREURDOWUXL]P
PLãRVLHUG]LHRGZDJDV]ODFKHWQRĤþV]F]HURĤþVSUDZLHGOLZRĤþVSRNyMF]\
VNURPQRĤþ
%LEOLRJUDILD
$QXVLHZLF]-DQXV]'ĈEURZVND$QQD)OHLVFKHU0LFKDHO-č]\NRZ\REUD]ĤZLDWD
LNXOWXUD3URMHNWNRQFHSFMLEDGDZF]HMÅ$FWD8QLYHUVLWDWLV:UDWLVODYLHQVLVµQU
-č]\ND.XOWXUD
%DUWPLęVNL-HU]\ 3RGVWDZ\OLQJZLVW\F]Q\FKEDGDęQDGVWHUHRW\SHP²QDSU]\
NãDG]LHVWHUHRW\SXÅPDWNLµ: 6WHUHRW\SMDNRSU]HGPLRWOLQJZLVW\NL WHRULDPHWRGR
ORJLDDQDOL]\HPSLU\F]QH5HG$QXVLHZLF]-%DUWPLęVNL-:URFãDZ 7RZDU]\VWZR
3U]\MDFLyã3RORQLVW\NL:URFãDZVNLHM
%DUWPLęVNL-HU]\ -č]\NRZ\REUD]ĤZLDWD/XEOLQ :\GDZQLFWZR80&6
%DUWPLęVNL-HU]\-č]\NZNUčJXZDUWRĤFL6WXGLDVHPDQW\F]QH/XEOLQ :\GDZ
QLFWZR80&6
%DUWPLęVNL-HU]\-č]\NRZHSRGVWDZ\REUD]XĤZLDWD/XEOLQ :\GDZQLFWZR80&6
%DUWPLęVNL-HU]\6WHUHRW\S\PLHV]NDMĈZMč]\NX6WXGLDHWQROLQJZLVW\F]QH/X
EOLQ :\GDZQLFWZR80&6
%DUWPLęVNL-HU]\*U]HV]F]DN0RQLND-DNUHNRQVWUXRZDþNDQRQZDUWRĤFLQDUR
dowych i europejskich?Å(WQROLQJZLVW\NDµ5R]SUDZ\LDQDOL]\
%DUWPLęVNL-HU]\7RNDUVNL5\V]DUG -č]\NRZ\REUD]ĤZLDWDDVSyMQRĤþWHNVWX
: 7HRULDWHNVWX=ELyUVWXGLyZ5HG'REU]\ęVND7:URFãDZ =DNãDG1DURGRZ\
LP2VVROLęVNLFK
%RJXVãDZVNL$QGU]HM ģZLčWRĤþMDNRĤFLİ\FLD"Å3U]HJOĈG+XPDQLVW\F]Q\µQU
.URęVND,UHQD 6RNUDWHV:DUV]DZD :LHG]D3RZV]HFKQD
.XUF],GD3V\FKRORJLDMč]\NDLNRPXQLNDFML:DUV]DZD :\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH
6FKRODU
0LNRãDMF]DN0DW\MD1DZRMD1LHþNR%XNRZVND%RİHQD$QGHUV-RDQQD6WHUHRW\S\
NRELHWZEDGDQLDFKSV\FKRVRPDW\F]Q\FK3RUyZQDZF]HREUD]\SRMčFLRZ\FKUHSUH]HQ
WDFMLNDWHJRULL]ãRİRQ\FK3R]QDę :\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH8$0
2VVRZVND0DULD 3RGVWDZ\QDXNLRPRUDOQRĤFL:URFãDZ²:DUV]DZD².UDNyZ
=DNãDG1DURGRZ\LP2VVROLęVNLFK
%RİHQD1LHþNR%XNRZVND
2VVRZVND0DULD6RFMRORJLDPRUDOQRĤFL :DUV]DZD :\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH3:1
3X]\QLQD-DGZLJD -č]\NZDUWRĤFL:DUV]DZD :\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH3:1
3X]\QLQD-DGZLJD &]ãRZLHN²Mč]\N²VDFUXP: &]ãRZLHN²G]LHãR² VDFUXP5HG
*DMGD62SROH :\GDZQLFWZR82
3X]\QLQD-DGZLJD:VSyãF]HĤQLMč]\NR]QDZF\MDNRZVSyãEDGDF]HLDQLPDWRU]\
NXOWXU\GXFKRZHM/XEOLQ 7RZDU]\VWZR1DXNRZH.8/
3X]\QLQD-DGZLJD+RU\]RQW\DNVMROLQJZLVW\NL: :DUWRĤFLLZDUWRĤFLRZDQLH
ZSHUVSHNW\ZLHMč]\NR]QDZVWZD5HG3X]\QLQD-.UDNyZ :\GDZQLFWZR3$8
3X]\QLQD-DGZLJD.ãRSRW\]QD]ZDPLZDUWRĤFL LZDUWRĤFLDPL Å(WQROLQJZLV
W\NDµ5R]SUDZ\LDQDOL]\
3X]\QLQD-DGZLJD3RZLQQRĤFL i RERZLĈ]HNÅ/LQJ9DULDµ;
5DV]HZVNDįXUHN%HDWD.RELHFDFQRWD3UyED]UR]XPLHQLDHZROXFML]QDF]HQLD
ÅFQRW\µQDSU]HVWU]HQLZLHNyZÅ6WXGLD])LORORJLL3ROVNLHML6ãRZLDęVNLHMµ
5HDOH*LRYDQQL +LVWRULDILOR]RILLVWDURİ\WQHM7,/XEOLQ :\GDZQLFWZR.8/
7RNDUVNL5\V]DUGģZLDW\]DVãRZDPL/XEOLQ :\GDZQLFWZR80&6
:LHONLVãRZQLNMč]\NDSROVNLHJR :6-3 : KWWS ZZZZVMSSO
=JyãND+DOLQD=JyãND7DGHXV]3U]\MDĮęPLčG]\OXGĮPL6]NLFNRJQLW\ZQ\
: 1DMč]\NR]QDZF]\FKĤFLHİNDFK3UDFHRILDURZDQH3URIHVRURZL-HU]HPX3RGUDFNLHPX
5HG0LNRãDMF]XN$3DZHOHF5:DUV]DZD :\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH6HPSHU
Summary
)(0$/($1'0$/(6$,176²&203$5$7,9(&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
2)$662&,$7,9(5(35(6(17$7,216
7KLVDUWLFOHIRFXVHVRQFRPSDUDWLYHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIDVVRFLDWLYHLPDJHVRIIHPDOHDQG
PDOHVDLQWV7KHVWXG\ZDVDLPHGWRUHFRQVWUXFWDQGFRPSDUHDVVRFLDWLYHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQV
7KHUHVSRQGHQWVZHUHVWXGHQWVRI$GDP0LFNLHZLF]8QLYHUVLW\LQ3R]QDę7KHPHWKRGV
XVHGLQWKHVWXG\LQFOXGHGD´EXWWHVWµ ;LV$EXW« DQGDIUHHDVVRFLDWLRQWHVW7KHGDWD
FROOHFWHG UHFHLYHGIURPUHVSRQGHQWV IRUDVDLQWZRPDQGHPRQVWUDWHWKDWVKHLVIUHTXHQWO\
DWWULEXWHGZLWKIHDWXUHVVXFKDVHJKXPEOHPHUFLIXOYLUWXRXVFKDVWHZKLOHDVDLQW
PDQLVW\SLFDOO\SUHVHQWHGDV VWURQJSULQFLSDODGDPDQW7KHLPDJHRIDIHPDOHDQG
PDOHVDLQWPD\VWURQJO\GHSHQGRQWKHJHQHUDOLPDJHRIDZRPDQDQGPDQ UHVSHFWLYHO\
$FFRUGLQJWRWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVRIWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\ERWKIHPDOHDQGPDOHVDLQWVKDYH
FRPPRQDWWULEXWHV)HDWXUHVRIDVDLQWLQFOXGH JRRGQHVVDOWUXLVPKHOSIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ
WR*RGDQGIDLWKPDNLQJPLUDFOHVFRXUDJHKLJKPLQGHGQHVVVHUHQLW\DQGKXPLOLW\
.RQWDNW]$XWRUNĈ
EQLHFNR#DPXHGXSO
