Geo log i cal Quar terly, 2015, 59 (3): 473–478 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7306/gq.1218
Tournaisian
40Ar/
39Ar age for al ka line bas alts from the Lublin Ba sin (SE Po land)
Magdalena PAŃCZYK1, * and Jerzy NAWROCKI1
1 Pol ish Geo log i cal In sti tute – Na tional Re search In sti tute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Po land
Pańczyk, M., Nawrocki, J., 2015. Tournaisian 40Ar/39Ar age for al ka line bas alts from the Lublin Ba sin (SE Po land). Geo log i cal Quar terly, 59 (3): 473–478, doi: 10.7306/gq.1218
The main aim of this study is to pre cisely de ter mine the age of the al ka line bas alts oc cur ring within the low er most part of Car - bon if er ous suc ces sion in the north east ern part of the Lublin Ba sin (Parczew IG 7 and Parczew IG 9 bore holes; SE Po land).
The new whole-rock 40Ar/39Ar data con strain the age of vol ca nic ac tiv ity and em place ment of al ka line bas alts to the Late Tournaisian (348.0 ± 0.8 Ma) with pos si ble pro lon ga tion to the Mid dle Visean (338.5 ± 0.7 Ma). How ever, the youn ger age is of ev i dently poorer qual ity than the older one. The new data caused to cor re late the vol ca nic pro cesses oc cur ring within the Lublin Ba sin with al ka line in tru sions drilled in NE Po land within the Pa leo zoic cover of the East Eu ro pean Plat form. They also cor re spond to the strati graphic po si tion of volcanoclastic ho ri zons found in dif fer ent parts of the Trans-Eu ro pean Su ture Zone in Po land.
Key words: al ka line ba saltic rocks, Ar-Ar geo chron ol ogy, Car bon if er ous, Lublin Ba sin.
INTRODUCTION
The Lublin Ba sin, lo cated in south east ern Po land (Fig. 1), is filled with siliciclastic and car bon ate sed i ments as well as coal de pos its of the Early Car bon if er ous through the Early Bash - kirian age (e.g., Dembowski and Porzycki, 1988; Zdanowski and Żakowa, 1995; Skompski, 1998; Waksmundzka, 2013).
The elon gated sed i men tary ba sin, which ex tends from the Lviv-Volhynian Coal Ba sin in West Ukraine, had de vel oped on the south west ern mar gin of the East Eu ro pean Plat form. The vol ca nic rocks oc cur within the low er most part of Car bon if er ous suc ces sion in the north east ern part of the Lublin Ba sin and cover flu vial siliciclastic rocks (e.g., Porzycki, 1988; Waks - mundzka, 2010, 2011). These terrigenous sed i ments are de - prived of fos sils. Their age is un known (Skompski, 1998), and only relicts of Early Car bon if er ous plants (Porzycki, 1988) were iden ti fied in few bore holes (e.g., Parczew IG 9 and Parczew IG 10). Porzycki (1988) strongly sug gested a Mid dle Visean age of these de pos its. How ever, a sim i lar com plex of coarse sed i men tary rocks in the Ukrai nian part of the Car bon if er ous ba sin was as signed to the Tournaisian (Porzycki, 1988).
The first ra dio met ric in ves ti ga tion of vol ca nic rocks from this area was con ducted by Depciuch (1974). The whole-rock K-Ar age (319 and 333 Ma) pointed to a Late Visean and Serpuk hovian age, whereas the over ly ing ma rine suc ces sion is very well biostratigraphically con strained to the Late Visean
(Skom pski, 1996, 2011). More over, Skompski (2011) sug - gested that post-vol ca nic palaeotopography caused that vol - ca nic units had not been flooded dur ing the ini tial phases of ma rine trans gres sion.
The vol ca nic rocks, which were de scribed as diabases or tuffo-lavas, were dis cov ered only by drill ing in many places in the north east ern part of the Lublin Ba sin (e.g., Parczew IG 7, Parczew IG 9, Parczew IG 10, Lublin 1, Niedrzwica IG 1 and Kolechowice 24 bore holes; Fig. 1). Pre sum ably, the lava flows and pyroclastic rocks formed a pla teau that cov ered an area of up to 5000 km2 (Grocholski and Ryka, 1995). The thick ness of this vol ca nic se quence, which com prises mas sive lava flows within the lower part, and tuffs in the up per part of this pro file, is poorly iden ti fied. It typ i cally ex ceeds 60 m with the max i mum thick ness of 160 m drilled in the Kolechowice 24 bore hole (Porzycki, 1988). Ac cord ing to the geo chem i cal clas si fi ca tion (TAS di a gram), Grocholski and Ryka (1995) clas si fied the vol - ca nic rocks from the Lublin Ba sin as foidites, tephrites and basanites, and trachybasalts.
Knowl edge of the age of mag matic events is cru cially im por - tant for re con struc tion of the tec tonic evo lu tion of sed i men tary bas ins. Good qual ity iso tope ages of mag matic bod ies can be served as a tool for time cal i bra tion of ba sin fills con tain ing them, es pe cially in case of poor biostratigraphic ev i dence. The main aim of this study was to pre cisely de fine the age of vol ca - nic ac tiv ity in the Lublin Ba sin. For this pur pose, whole-rock
40Ar/39Ar dat ing of se lected bas alts was per formed. We com - pared our data with the strati graphic po si tion of well-known Car - bon if er ous volcanogenic ho ri zons de ter mined in the neigh bour - ing ar eas in or der to un der stand the na ture of the Early Car bon - if er ous magmatism in this part of the Trans-Eu ro pean Su ture Zone and the East Eu ro pean Plat form.
* Corresponding author, e-mail: magdalena.panczyk@pgi.gov.pl Received: September 15, 2014; accepted: January 20, 2015; first published online: February 3, 2015
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLING
The pres ent study of the vol ca nic suc ces sion was con - ducted in the north east ern part of the Lublin Ba sin. The se - lected bore holes of Parczew IG 7 and Parczew IG 9 com prise the se quence of mas sive ba saltic lava flows within the lower and mid dle part, and amyg da loid al, lo cally brecciated and strongly al tered lavas in the up per most part of the vol ca nic suc - ces sion. In the Parczew IG 9 bore hole, the vol ca nic se quence is cov ered by baux ite rocks. Fresh, mas sive, less al tered pieces
of lava flow were col lected for whole-rock 40Ar/39Ar anal y sis from depths of 987.5 and 1220.5 m in the Parczew IG 7 and Parczew IG 9 bore holes, re spec tively (Fig. 1).
SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS
Fol low ing mi cro scope ex am i na tion, sam ples were cho sen for fur ther microprobe anal y ses at the Mi cro-area Anal y sis Lab o ra - tory of Pol ish Geo log i cal In sti tute – NRI in Warszawa in or der to de ter mine chem i cal com po si tion of pheno crysts and crys tals in the groundmass, us ing a CAMECA SX 100 ap pa ra tus. The anal - y ses were per formed un der the fol low ing con di tion: 30 s count ing time, 5 mm beam di am e ter, and 15 kV ex ci ta tion volt age.
Fig. 1A – geological sketch map of the Lublin Basin, without strata younger than Carboniferous (modified after Żelichowski and Porzycki, 1983; Waksmundzka, 2011) with marked boreholes where the 40Ar/39Ar age estimations were performed; B – sampling sites with 40Ar-39Ar age determinations and simplified lithological logs of the analysed boreholes
All whole-rock sam ples for 40Ar/39Ar geo chron ol ogy were crushed with a jaw-crusher and sub se quently milled. The geo - chron ol ogi cal anal y sis was car ried out at the Lund Uni ver sity
40Ar/39Ar Geo chron ol ogy Lab (Swe den). Se lected sam ples were ir ra di ated to gether with the TCR sanidine stan dard (28.34 Ma fol - low ing Renne et al., 1994) for 24 hours at the Or e gon State re - search re ac tor (USA). J-val ues were cal cu lated with a pre ci sion of <0.25% and are re ported for each sam ple in the data ta bles.
The de cay con stants uti lized were those given in Steiger and Jäger (1977). The 40Ar/39Ar geo chron ol ogy lab o ra tory at the Uni - ver sity of Lund uses a Micromass 5400 mass spec trom e ter with a Far a day and elec tron mul ti plier sys tem. A metal ex trac tion line, which con tains two SAES C50-ST101 Zr-Al get ters and a cold fin ger cooled to ca. –155°C by a Polycold P100 cryo genic re frig - er a tion unit, is also pres ent. Whole-rock sep a rates were loaded into a cop per plan chette that com prises sev eral 3 mm holes.
Sam ples were step- heated us ing a defocused 50W CO2 la ser.
Sam ple clean-up time that made use of the two hot Zr-Al SAES get ters and a cold fin ger with a Polycold re frig er a tion unit was five min utes. The la ser was rastered over the sam ples to pro vide even- heat ing of all grains. The en tire an a lyt i cal pro cess is au to - mated and runs on a Macintosh-steered OS 10.2 with soft ware mod i fied spe cif i cally for the Lund Uni ver sity lab o ra tory and de - vel oped orig i nally at the Berke ley Geo chron ol ogy Cen ter by Al Deino. Time zero re gres sions were fit ted to data col lected from 10 scans over the mass range of 40 to 36. Peak heights and back grounds were cor rected for mass dis crim i na tion, iso to pic de cay and in ter fer ing nucleogenic Ca-, K- and Cl-de rived iso - topes. Iso to pic pro duc tion val ues for the cad mium-lined po si tion in the OSU re ac tor are 36Ar/37Ar(Ca) = 0.000264, 39Ar/37Ar(Ca) = 0.000695, and 40Ar/39Ar(K) = 0.00073. 40Ar blanks were cal cu - lated be fore ev ery new sam ple and af ter ev ery three sam ple steps. Blank val ues were sub tracted for all in cre men tal steps from the sam ple sig nal. The lab o ra tory was able to pro duce very good in cre men tal gas splits, us ing a com bi na tion of in creas ing time at the same la ser out put, fol lowed by in creas ing la ser out - put. Age pla teaus were de ter mined us ing the cri te ria of Dal rym - ple and Lamphere (1971), which spec ify the pres ence of at least three con tig u ous in cre men tal heat ing steps with sta tis ti cally in - dis tin guish able ages and con sti tut ing more than 50% of the to tal
39Ar re leased dur ing the ex per i ment. In some places, where a sta tis ti cal over lap of steps is not ob tained, a forced-fit age is given over a cer tain per cent age of gas. 40Ar/39Ar geo chron ol ogy data were pro duced, plot ted and fit ted us ing the ar gon pro - gramme pro vided by Al Deino from the Berke ley Geo chron ol ogy Cen ter, USA.
PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION
The lava from Parczew IG 7 is char ac ter ized by fine- gra - ined, mas sive tex ture. The groundmass con sists of plagio clase laths of lab ra dor ite-an de sine com po si tion, fine-grained clino - pyroxene and ol iv ine crys tals (Fig. 2A, B). Ad di tion ally, anal - cime oc curred be tween the plagioclase, pyroxene and ol iv ine crys tals. Ol iv ine pheno crysts, up to 400–500 mm in length, were found rarely. Ac ces sory min er als in clude mag ne tite (euhe dral and skel e tal), titanomagnetite, il men ite and ap a tite (Fig. 2C).
An in sig nif i cant amount of sec ond ary min er als such as chlorite was iden ti fied.
The sam ple from Parczew IG 9 is char ac ter ized by fine- grained, slightly por phy ritic and amyg da loid al tex ture. The rock is ev i dently al tered. The plagioclase crys tals of lab ra dor ite-an -
de sine com po si tion oc cur as euhedral and subhedral pheno - crysts, some ex ceed ing 5 mm in length, but of ten oc cur in the groundmass as ir reg u larly and ran domly ori ented laths, less than 0.5 mm in length (Fig. 2D). The al tered groundmass con - tains plagioclase laths, clinopyroxene and ol iv ine crys tals as well as analcime (Fig. 2E). The main ac ces sory min eral com po - nents are ap a tite, il men ite, titanomagnetite and py rite. Amyg - dales are filled by cal cite, chlorite, analcime and pumpellyite (Fig. 2F). The rock is cut by microveins filled by a very sim i lar paragenesis of sec ond ary min er als, ex clud ing pumpellyite. The iden ti fied paragenesis of sec ond ary min er als oc cur ring within the veins and amygdules is a prod uct of in tense metasomatism.
All ana lysed sam ple fall within the tephrite/basanite and trachybasalt field in the to tal al ka lis ver sus sil ica (TAS; Fig. 3A) clas si fi ca tion di a gram (Le Maitre et al., 1989). Ac cord ing to the di a gram of Winchester and Floyd (1977), which is based on the trace el e ments such as Ti, Zr, Nb, Y that are com monly re - garded as im mo bile in hy dro ther mal or meta mor phic con di - tions, the rocks from the Lublin Ba sin are clas si fied as al ka line bas alts (Fig. 3B).
RESULTS
Al ka line bas alts from drill cores of the Parczew IG 9 and Parczew IG 7 bore holes have yielded well-de fined Ar-Ar pla - teau ages of 338.5 ± 0.7 Ma and 348.2 ± 0.8 Ma, re spec tively (Ap pen dix 1*; Fig. 4), with me dium MSWDs (1.99 and 1.11) and me dium to low prob a bil i ties of x2 dis tri bu tion (0.35 and 0.08).
The six steps de fin ing the pla teaus for lava flows from the Parczew IG 7 bore hole cor re spond to about 52.5% of the 39Ar re leased (Fig. 4A), whereas the five steps for vol ca nic rocks from the Parczew IG 9 bore hole cor re spond to about 55% of the
39Ar re leased (Fig. 4B). The low prob a bil ity of x2 dis tri bu tion re - ceived for the youn ger age means that it should be in ter preted with cau tion, i.e. not nec es sar ily re garded as co eval with the magma em place ment.
DISCUSSION
The new iso to pic ages pre sented here con strain the age of vol ca nic ac tiv ity and em place ment of the al ka line bas alts to the Late Tournaisian with pos si ble pro lon ga tion to the Mid dle Visean. On the other hand, at this stage of in ves ti ga tion we can - not ex clude that the ob tained re sults might in di cate the pres - ence of two sep a rate events of vol ca nic ac tiv ity in the Lublin Ba - sin or ex is tence of older mag matic and youn ger hy dro ther mal events. The ex ten sive hy dro ther mal al ter ation of rocks from the Parczew IG 9 bore hole sup ports the lat ter so lu tion. Any way, best de fined Ar-Ar age in the bas alts from the Parczew IG 7 drill core un doubt edly in di cates that vol ca nic ac tiv ity took place there in the Late Tournaisian. The vol ca nic rocks cover coarse- grained sed i ments clas si fied as Lower Visean by Porzycki (1988). Ac cord ing to new iso to pic data, the age of these sed i - ments can not be youn ger than Late Tournaisian.
The new data al lowed cor re lat ing the vol ca nic pro cesses oc cur ring in the Lublin Ba sin with al ka line and carbonatite vol - ca nism dis cov ered in NE Po land (south ern Fennoscandia;
Fig. 5). Demaiffe at al. (2013) doc u mented an Early Car bon if er - ous em place ment age of the Tajno al ka line-carbonatite com - plex, the Ełk syenite mas sif and the Pisz gab bro-syenite com - plex by U-Pb SHRIMP dat ing of zir cons. The Late Tournaisian Tournaisian 40Ar/39Ar age for alkaline basalts from the Lublin Basin (SE Poland) 475
* Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi: 10.7306/gq.1218
pyro clastic or vol ca nic rocks were also re ported from sev eral places of the Trans-Eu ro pean Su ture Zone in Po land (see e.g., Narkiewicz, 2007). They oc cur within the Mid dle and Late Tournaisian sed i ments of Pomerania, the Łysogóry- Radom Block, the Małopolska Block and the Up per Silesian Coal Ba sin (Szulczewski et al., 1996; Muszyński et al., 1996; Narkiewicz, 2007; Matyja, 2008). At that time, re gional con ti nen tal ex ten - sion in the shelf ba sin area trig gered wide spread magmatism, par tic u larly in tense dur ing the Late Tournaisian (see e.g., Krze - miński, 1999; Narkiewicz, 2007). This exten sional re gime pre - vailed most prob a bly at least un til the end of Visean in the area of the Holy Cross Moun tains and Up per Silesian Coal Ba sin
where mafic in tru sions of that age were doc u mented (Nawrocki et al., 2010, 2013).
Ac cord ing to the pre vi ous iso tope data (Depciuch, 1974;
Grocholski and Ryka, 1995), Narkiewicz (2007) has con - strained the Car bon if er ous magmatism of the Lublin area to mid-Visean time and re garded it as con sis tent with the gen eral pat tern of diachronous oc cur rence of rift-re lated mag matic ac - tiv ity in the south ern part of the East Eu ro pean Plat form, peak - ing dur ing the Givetian in the Peri-Cas pian De pres sion, dur ing the Early Frasnian in the Donbas area, dur ing the late Famennian- Early Tournaisian in the Pripyat Graben, and fi nally, dur ing mid-Visean in the Lublin Ba sin. Re sults of our study in di - Fig. 2. Pho to mi cro graphs of sam ples ana lysed from the Lublin Ba sin – Parczew IG 7 bore hole,
depth 987.5 m (A–C), and Parczew IG 9 bore hole, depth 1220.5 m (D–F)
A – fine-grained groundmass with plagioclase laths, clinopyroxene and ol iv ine grains (crossed polars); B – pre - dom i nant ol iv ine crys tals ac com pa nied by plagioclase, ap a tite, mag ne tite and il men ite (back-scat ter elec tron im - age, BSE); C – plagioclase laths, chloritized clinopyroxene, analcime and skel e tal mag ne tite crys tals, (back- scat ter elec tron im age BSE); D – plagioclase phenocryst (crossed polars); E – fine-grained groundmass with plagioclase laths, clinopyroxene, ol iv ine grains and analcime (back-scat ter elec tron im age, BSE); F – amygdules infilled with analcime, chlorite and pumpellyite (back-scat ter elec tron im age, BSE); min eral sym bols:
Anl – analcime, Ap – ap a tite, Chl – chlorite, Ilm – il men ite, Mgt – mag ne tite, Ol – ol iv ine, Pl – plagioclase, Pmp – pumpellyite; all BSE im ages and min eral phases’ iden ti fi ca tion were per formed at the Microprobe Anal y sis Lab o - ra tory (PGI-NRI) in Warszawa us ing a Cameca SX 100 in stru ment
Tournaisian 40Ar/39Ar age for alkaline basalts from the Lublin Basin (SE Poland) 477
Fig. 3A – chem i cal clas si fi ca tion of the rocks on the to tal al ka lis vs. sil ica (TAS) di a gram of Le Maitre et al. (1989);
B – chem i cal clas si fi ca tion of the rocks us ing the Zr/TiO2 vs. Nb/Y di a gram (Winchester and Floyd, 1977)
Fig. 4. Whole-rock 40Ar/39Ar age spec tra of al ka line ba saltic rock sam ples from the Lublin Ba sin Er ror bars of step ap par ent ages are drawn at 1s an a lyt i cal un cer tain ties; pla teau and pseudoplateau ages (±2 s er ror)
are also listed; MSWD – mean square de vi a tion, r – prob a bil ity of oc cur rence based on Chi Square Ta bles, n – num ber of steps de fin ing the pla teau age
Fig. 5. 40Ar/39Ar ages (in Ma) of al ka line bas alts from the Lublin Ba sin, and U-Pb ages of al ka line com plexes from north-east Po land (af ter Demaiffe et al., 2013) ver sus a strati graphic chart (af ter Gradstein et al., 2012)
cate that with out re li able and pre cise iso to pic ages such re - gional in ter pre ta tions should be treated with cau tion.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The new iso to pic ages pre sented in this pa per in di cate that magma ex tru sion in the Lublin Ba sin took place in the Late Tournaisian with pos si ble pro lon ga tion to the Mid dle Visean. It can not be ex cluded, how ever, that the youn ger age may be re - lated to the hy dro ther mal al ter ation of these rocks.
2. The al ka line bas alts from the Lublin Ba sin are co eval with the al ka line in tru sions known from north east ern Po land and with pyroclastic/vol ca nic rocks oc cur ring in the Car bon if er ous sed i ments of the Pol ish Variscan fore land. There fore, the Late
Tournaisian phase of magmatism seems to be there the most in tense and wide spread over the en tire area lo cated out side the Variscan orogen in Po land.
3. The Late Tournaisian age of the al ka line bas alts points to a Tournasinan age of flu vial, coarse sed i men tary rocks oc cur - ring within the low er most part of the Car bon if er ous suc ces sion in the Lublin Basin.
Ac knowl edge ments. This re search was sup ported by the Min is try of the En vi ron ment of Po land from the sources of the Na tional Fund for En vi ron men tal Pro tec tion and Wa ter Man age - ment. We sin cerely thank C. Breitkreuz, Z. Migaszewski and S. Skompski for pro vid ing crit i cal and con struc tive re marks. We are grate ful to M.I. Waksmundzka for all help ful dis cus sions.
Spe cial thanks go to A. Schersten from Lund Uni ver sity for Ar-Ar anal y sis, and to G. Zieliński for EPMA anal y sis (PGI-NRI).
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