Famennian Phacopidae from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

A C T A P A L A E O N T 0 L O G I C A P 0 L O N I C A

VoL III I 9 5 8 No. 2

HALSZKA OSMOLSKA

FAMENNIAN PHACOPIDAE FROM THE HOLY CROSS MOUNTAINS (POLAND)

Abstract. - Nine species of the Famennian phacopid trilobites are described from the southern part of the Holy Cross Mts. In addition to forms already recorded from this area the writer describes some species never before found in Poland, as well as two quite new species, namely: Trimerocephalus polonicus and Dianops?

trifolius.

INTRODUCTION

The described material was collected in 1948 and 1949 by Dr. Zofia Kielan, from Kadzielnia, Psiarnia, Herby (within the precincts of town Kielce), Lagow, Galezice, Kowala and Jablonna near Bork6w, all lying in the southern part of the Holy Cross Mountains.

The terminology used in descriptions of glabella is partly that proposed by V. Jaanusson (1956), to say: lobes and lateral furrows in glabella have been lettered L (lobus) and S (sulcus) respectively, and numbered postero-anteriorly. The term "preoccipital ring" has been used to designate the posterior glabellar lobe (Lj) and that of "preoccipital furrow" - to designate lateral glabellar furrow (SI)' "Preoccipital ring"

is a definition more appropriate with the morphological character of this glabellar element in phacopids than that of "lobe", since in most cases, similarly to the occipital ring, it is in the form of a uniform segment.

R.

&

E. Richter (1926) introduced the following terms in their de-

scriptions of phacopid trilobites: "Zwischenring" = "basal lobe" = "pre- occipital ring" = L, and "Zwischenfurche"

=

"preoccipital furrow" = SI' Instead of Delo's (1940, s. 15) term "subcranial furrow", the more correct term "subcranidial furrow" is used as an equivalent to R. & E. Richter .IVerschlussfurche".

The abbreviations used here are: tr. - transversal i. e. perpendicular to the axis of symmetry; sag. - sagittal i. e. parallel to the longitudinal axis. Length of glabella has been measured without the occipital ring.

Famennian phacopids have been described from the Holy Cross

Mountains by several authors, i. e. by C. F. Roemer (1866), G. Giirich

(1896), D. Sobolev (1911) , R. & E. Richter (1926) and also mentioned in pa pers by the Polish geologists: J . Czarnocki (1948 and elsewhere) and J . Samsonowicz (1917 and els ewhere) .

C. F . Roemer (1866 ) has describ ed speci es Dianops typhlops (Giirich ,

189fl)

un der the n ame of Phacops cry pto pht alm us (Ernmrich).

G . Giirich (1896) gave this species the new n ame of Trimerocephalus t ? lphlops. I n t he sa me pa pe r h e al so d escribed other Famennian phacopids suc h as Ph acop s posid oniae n. sp .

=

Pha cops granulatus (Munst er, 1840) , Triuierocephalus sp. (in cisu s? A . Ro emer , 1866)

=

N ephranops incisus ' in cisus (A . Roemer, 1866) , Ph acop s caecus n. sp.

=

Trimerocephalus cae cu s (G tirich , 1896).

D . Sobol ev (1911) repor ts fro m Famennian beds of the Holy Cross Mts. the occu rrence of Tr imero cephalus caecus (Gurich , 1896) under the name of P hacops su lcatus? Dr ev ermann , 1901.

R. & E. Rich ter (1926), in their work on Upper D evonian t r ilobites,

amo ng ot he rs , also desc ribe Famen nian p h acopids occu r r in g in Poland an d elsew here .

To the li st of - phacopid s h it herto reco r de d f rom P oland t he pr esent writer ad ds two new species: Trimerocephalus polonicu s n . s p. and Dia - nop s? tri folius n. sp ., as w ell as som e spe cies known from Great Brita in , Germa n y a nd U. S. S. R. , but n ever up t o now found in Poland, to say : Phacops w edekin di wedekindi R. & E. Richter, 1926 ; Trimerocephal u s ma stoph talmus (Reinh. Richter , 1856) ; Ductina ductifrons (R. & E. Rich- ter, 1923) . Specimen s of N ephranop s incisu s incisus (A . Roem., 1866) were not available to t he writer. On e damaged cephalon of this form, found by Giirich in Kielce, is referabl e to lowest F amennian deposits and per- ha ps eve n to those of the uppermost Frasnia n (Manticocera s zone) , as surmised b y R. & E. Richt er.

All th e h er e de sc r ibed spe cimens are d epo sited in the Geological S u rvey Museum in Wa rsaw (Instytu t Geologiczny) , referred to by the ab- br eviated form I . G .

L abora tory work du ring the p repara t ion of t h is pa pe r has been

ca r ried out by the writer in 1954 , a t the Institute of Paleozoology of the

Polish Academy of Sciences , under th e guidance of Prof. Dr. R. Kozlow-

sk i whose valuable su gg est ions w ere of gre at assistance. Thanks are also

due to the following persons: to Dr . Z. Kielan for the privilege of d e-

scribing her collection, for helping the au th or and for reading her

manuscript ; to Mrs. M . Pajchel for general information on th e geology of

the studied area; to Mrs. J. Humnicka for the English translation of the

present- paper; to Miss M. Czarnocka for th e pains taken in doing the pho-

tographs published . in: J hJs , paper.

FAMENNIAN PHACOPIDAE FR O M HOLY CR O SS MTS. 121

REMA R K S ON THE GEOLOGY OF FAMENNIAN BEDS IN THE SOUTHERN PA nT OF THE HOLY CROSS MTS.

Th e F amennian ph acopids d escribed in th e present pap er h av e been coll ect ed from the following localities: Kadzielnia, P siarnia, H erby , Lagow, Gale zice, Kowala and Jablonna (see fig. 1). All t hese site s are s it uated so ut h of the Holy Cross Mts. r ange an d m ay be grouped into t wo regio ns of differen t lithologi cal an d fa u nal cha ra cter: I. Cen tral (or K ielce- Lag ow) synclinorium, II. Gal ezi ce-Dal eszyce synclin e.

Within th e central sy ncli no rium t he Famennian is r epresen t ed by a series of grey-yellowish s hale limestone d eposit s, ove r 100 m in thick- ness. Th e trilobite fa una here is fa irly ab unda n t, con sisting mainly of bli nd phacopid fo r ms (se e tabl e of dist ributi on on p. 124) , suc h as Tr im ero- cephalu s caecus (Giirich) , Tr im . poloni cu s n. sp ., Trim. mastophtalm u s (Reinh . Ri chter) , Di anops ty phlops (Giirich) , Dianop s? tri fo lius n. sp., Duct ina du ctifrons R. & E . Richt er. Pro eti d t r ilo bites are very rare.

Depos its of this type occ ur in the following localities :

Kadzi elnia - In Kadzielnia Famen nia n beds r est on Frasnian li m esto nes a nd ar e mad e up of marly shales in ter bed d ed b y limeston es . This is a thi ck series of depo sits containing a trilobite and lamellibra nch fa u n a, with f ragm en ta r y remains of clymenid s in a poo r sta te of preser va- t ion . After Czarnocki (1948) Cheilocer as and Clymenia zon es occur here . Th E . foll owing p h acopids h av e been record ed: Tr imero cephalus caecus (Giir ich), Trim . mastophtalmus (Reinh. Richter), Tr im. poloni cus n. sp ., Dianop s? trifoli us n . sp .

Psiarnia - The Famennian is dev eloped as marly sha les intercal ated by limestones. Phacopid tr ilob ites enco un ter ed here are: Phacops granu- latus (Munster)

1,

Dianops typhlops (Giirich) , Ductina du ctifrons (R. &

E. Richter) .

Herby - Black limestones outcrop on the roadway leading to Czar- now, containing Dianops typhlops (Giirich) .

Lagow - The Famennian outcrops occur within it s northernmost ar ea , on th e va ll ey slope s of the Lagowica stream. Th ey are strongly bituminous shale limestone deposits. The dark-grey Clymenia limestones here occasionally yield a profusion of exoskeletons belonging to Trimero- ceph alus caecu s (Giirich) (see pl . II , fig. 3), those of Trim. mastophtalmus (Reinh . Richter) being very scarce. Dianops typhlops (Gurich) is another phacopid form here encountered .

1 The occurrence in Psiarnia of Phacops grannlatus (MUnster) seems doubtful.

Its only record from this locality is that cit ed by Giirich (1896), but it has never after been fou nd here.

_. _._..

--- - - -

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N

, GaI'll 'C"

~

~H". , .

C " "~0" ;;:;:it ~.

'1Q

l~

^...

^{)', ';} 1""

K I;La·,:~'-,.

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~ ,,~

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~

I()D I().., ,,~-gor~oN

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cr=

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""""

~

Qn

to qow

~

N~

>

o

CJl

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~

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I . _ . _

SLm

Fig. 1. - Distribution of the Famennian in the southern part of the Holy Cross Mountains.

FAMENNIAN PHACOPIDAE FROM HOLY CROSS MTS. 123

The facial development of the Famennian beds in Lagow slightly d if fe rs from the type shale limestone facies on account of the predomin- a n ce of limestones over shales. Th e fa u nal assemblage here is different too. In addition to phacopids, very copious here, trilobites of the Proetidae family are also represented.

Within the Galezice-Daleszyce syncl ine Famennian beds are of a limest on e faci es, frequently red coloured and characterized by s m all thickness , never exceeding 30 m. The fa un a here is v ery rich and in a n ex cellen t state of pres ervation. Of phacop id trilobites only two s pe cies occu r: Pha cops granulatus (Munster) and Ph . wedekindi w edekin di R. &

E. Richter , both pro vid ed with eyes, while proetids , nearly altog et h er a bsen t from the central synclinorium, are here very numerous. Famen- ni an d ep osi ts of th e limestone type occu r in the follo w in g localities:

Gal ezice - B ed s of F r asnian a ge absen t . The F amennian deposits rest directly on Am phipora Givetian limest on es a nd consist of hard lime- stones displaying black, grey, pink and green ish coloura tion . After Czar- nocki (1928) the Ch eil ocera s horizon is mis sing here , w hile the Upper Famennian contains all the Clymen ia horizons, those of Wocklum eria a nd Gat te n dor fi a incl uded. The fauna is a markedly r ich one, with goniatites , cly rnenids, orthoceratids, brachiopods, lamellibranchs, trilo bites and fis h r em ains . Of the phacopids we note h ere Pha cops granul atus (Mu nste r ).

Higher up are deposits of Lower Carboniferous a ge (the Culm a nd Carbo- nif erous limestone l enses). Du e to th e taper ing of some of the beds, thick- n es s of ou t crops r anges from 3 to 10 m.

Ko w ala - The F am ennian b eds are r epresented here by nod ulous limestone s , ofte n with a r eddish hue, overlyin g Frasnian limestones. After Cza rno cki (1957) all the Clymenia horizons ar e here present. Of t he ph acop id s th ere occurred: Phacop s wedek indi wedekindi R. & Richter, an d Dianops t y ph lops (Gii rich). Culm shales occur higher up.

Jablonna near B orkou: - The F amennian h as been here discov ered

by the l at e J. C zarnocki, aft er World War II . His fi eld wor k on the

geology of the district was carried on through 1949 , but the info rmat ion

thus obtained has never been published. Famennian beds overlay here th e

Frasnian limestones . Similarly as in Kowala , a complete F amennian suc-

cession is exposed, beginning with Cheiloceras beds and probably includ-

ing all the Clymenia horizons . The deposits consist of limestones with red

or grey colouration, while the beds interpreted by Czarnocki as of Wock-

lumeria horizon are of green colour. The fauna is very rich. Thickness

about 30 m . Of phacopid trilobites the only form occurring here is Phacops

granulatus (Munster) . Representatives of this species occurring within

lower Clymenia horizons consist of forms having cephalons of the sire

of a few millimeters only, while the same spec ies from t he green Wock- · lumeria limestones are with cephalons up to 18 mm in size. Culm shales.

overlie the Famennian deposits .

The geology of the Famennian beds within the Holy Cross Mts. has not, thus far, been described in full deta il. Hence the writer has experi en- ced difficulties in est a bli shing th e horizons which have yielded the st ud ied tr ilobit es. Th e only differenti ation which it ha s been possible to·

mak e is that b etween th e old er , i. e. Cheiloceras beds, a nd the younger, i. e . Clymenia . bed s. Most of the known species her e de scribed are also reco r d ed from the same bed s in other countries. The only exception is Ductina duct ifron s R. & E . Ri cht er. This spe cies has be en reported by its authors (1926) fr om the Mant icoceras and Cheiloceras horizons, i. e.

from Upper Frasni an a n d lowest Famennian b eds, while in the Holy Cross Mts. it has been yi eld ed by the Clymenia beds (Upper Famennian) of Psiarni a .

Distribution of the consider ed phacopid speci es in outcr ops of the sou th ern part of the Holy Cross Mountains

~~~

^Species

::~I ^I

^'N7tl

o

^(l)oo-

^ro

~^Cll

^:::

⁰

^:0 ...., ^{a a}

^Cll0Cll

^'2

^Qj'N'0~^CllCll

_I ^'2

^'{jjp..^{CllCllI-< .0}

::r:

^~....(l)

^I

^-0....:l^'oil

^:::

^Cll

I

1. Phacops granulatus (Miins ter)

I

⁺

^I

^{+ (+)*}

2. Phacopswedekindi wedek i n di R.& I

E. Richter

I

+

3. Trirnerocephalus caecus(Giirich) I

I

+ +

4. Tr imeroeephalu» mastophtalrn us

I

1 (Reinh, Richter] +

I

⁺

5. Trimerocephalus polonicus n. sp. +

6. Dianops typhlops [Giirtch] (+ l

I

(+l +

( -Ii

7. Dianops? trifolius n. sp. +

8. Ductina ductifron s R. & E.Richter

I

+

9. Phacops sp. +

I

*The bracketed

+

sign in dica t es that th is particular species has been recorded fr om th at site by other autho rs. but that th e present wri ter has not en cou n tered it in that respective outcrop.

FAMEN N IAN PH ACO P I D AE FROM HO L Y CROSS MTS.

SYST E MA T IC DES CRIPTIONS

Fam ily Phacopidae Hawl e & Corda , 1847 (emend . Del o, 1935) Subfamily Phacopinae Reed , 1905

G enus P hacops Emmrich , 1839 Phacops gra nu lat u s (Munster 1840)

(fig. 2; pl. I, fig. 1)

125

1896. Phacop s posidonia e GUrich; G. GUrich , Da s Palaozoicum..., p. 363, pl. 15, fig. 5 a-d.

1926. Ph aco ps (P h aco p s) granulatus (MUnster) ; R. & E. Richte r , Die Tr il ob ite n..., p. 137, pl. 8, fig. 34-39 (w i t h previous synon y m y ).

1955. Phacops(Phacop s) gr an u l at us (M Un s te r ); Z. A. Maksimova, Trilobity.." p. 136, pl. 10, fig. 3-11.

Material. - 4 fragme nts and one complete cephalon with exosk eleto n , 1 pygidium w ith exoskeleton, 1 pygidi um wit ho ut ex oskeleton - all from the grey limestone Clymenia beds of Galezice; 4 fragments of cephalon and 1 pygidium with exoskele ton from the r ed limeston e Clymenia beds of Ja blonna; 2 damaged cep ha lons with exoskeleton from the light-green limestone W ocklumeria beds of Jablonna.

Dim en sion s of 5 specimens (in mm) - see t able be low.

Specimen s

~~ I

^{169.II .2I. G. 169.II.1I.G. 169.II. 4I. G. 169.II.3I. G. 169.II .5I:G.*}

Length of cephalon 5.0 7.0 12.7 18.5

Width of cephal on 8.0 11.2

Length of glabell a 4.0 5.2 11.0 16.0

Width of gla b ell a 4.8 7.0 13.0 19.0

Wid t h of preoccipital ring L1(sag.) 0.6 0.5 2.0

Le n gth of ey e 1.8 2.9 5.1 7.8

Dis tance of ey e from posteri or

furrow 0.8 0.9 0.8 2.1

Angl e of dorsal fur rows 72⁰ 75° 65°

Length of pygid ium 3.5

Width of pygidiu m 7.5

.Length of rhachis 3.1

Width of rhachis 1.7

.',:\llIS\'lIl11 Caut!0I!II(' NlII III H'I~ orthe Geo logicalIn stitute (I.C.)ill \\'RISIH \.

De script ion. - Ou tlin e of cephalon semicircular . In longitudinal

section occipital r ing as high as glabella; anterior portion of gl ab ell a

overhanging the border. In transvers e section glabella st rongly vault ed ,

eye lobe nearly vertical to palpebral lob e. Greatest -width of glabella be-

fore its mid-length , at level of ant erior end of the eye; length/width ratio- of glabella 0.8; dorsal furrow s a t first st raigh t , diverging at the level of the anterior end of eye ; angle of dorsal furrows 65° to 75° ; three fourth s of cheek area occupied by ey es , their anterior margin directly touching.

20

'"

,

3

Fig. 2. - Phacop s grallulatus (Mu nster): Ia cephalon , later a l view; Ib sa me spe cim e n, an te rior view (1. G. 169 II. 1); 2a pygid ium, latera l vie w ; 2b sa me

specimen, posterior view (1. G. 169. II. \23).

the glabella; the ratio of the ey e length to its distance from posterior border f ur row strongly variable. In the

⁷

specimens t h at have been measured it is: 2.2, 3.2, 3.6, 3.7, 4.8, 5.8 and 6.4, i. e. an average of 4.2.

Lenses on eye lobe round, hardly contacting one anothe r . In an individual 7

rom

long and 11.2

rom

wide the lenses are arranged in 13 vertical rows,.

3 lenses of 0.4

rom

in each row; there are also some irregularly arranged lenses along the posterior eye end. In other cephalons the number of vertical rows is the same with

⁴

lenses in each row, in an alternate ar -·

rangernent. Tot al number of l enses ranges from 39 to 52. P ygidium s ho rt and stout, the l ength/width ratio being 0.39.

Ornamentation of glabella consists of large, densely arranged tuber- cula, smaller above the anterior border furrow a nd in the cheek area;

lateral border on the fixed cheeks with minute granulation; pygidiaL rhachis covered by small and rather s pa r se tubercles, pleurae smooth.

Remarks - Phacops gran ulatus (Mu n st er) was first recorded in

Poland by G. Gurich (1896) f rom the green limestones of Psiarnia contain-

ing a f a u na with Posidonia ve nusta, under the name of Phacops posido -

n iae Gtirich. That author placed it in the zone of Clyme nia humboldti (Pro -

lobites beds).

FAMENNIAN PHACOPIDAE FR OM HOLY CROSS MTS. 127

R. & E. Richter (1926) have described Phacops granulatus from Ger- many, assigning them to horizons wi th Manticoceras, Prolobites and Go- nioclymenia (Clym enia laevigata and Wocklumeria).

Polish specimen s do no t di splay any cardinal differences as com- pared with those described by R. & E. Richter. The only difference is that in the r atio of the eye length to it s dis tance from posterior f ur ro w : in specimens des cri bed by R. & E . R ichter t his is below 3.6, while in those of the present writer it is up to 6.4 , averagin g 4 .2. Thus , while in German spe cim ens this di stance is approxim ately half, th e eye length, in Polish sp ecimens it ranges f rom one third to one s ixth of the ey e length. This may sugges t t hat P olish for ms represent an earlier s t age of the eye migration towards th e an terior margin of the shield. This migration is obse r va ble in the Ph acops granula tus group consisting of three species:

Phac ops circumspectans P aeckelmann, Ph. granulatus (MUnster) and Ph.

we de k in di R. & E. Richter (R. & E. Richter, 1926). In the Polish specimens of Phacops granulatus the eye is placed as in Ph. circumspectans - near t he posterior furrow - with the remaining features typical of Ph . g ran u lat us .

Z. A . Maksimova (1953) when describing Phacops granu lat us from the Ural h as observed that these specimens have larger dimensions than t he German forms. The latter have the cephalon 8 to 8.5 mm long, those from the Ural 14 to 17

mm,

the angle of dorsal f ur rows being 66-70 ° and 67- 75° respectively . In Polish specimens these dimensions vary strongly , th e cephalon l en gth being fro m 5.0 to 18 .5 mm w ith the dorsal furrow angle at 65-75 °.

Ph acops wede k indi wedek indi R.

^&

E . Richter. 1926

(pl . I, fig. 2a-b )

. 1926. Phacops (P h acops) wed ek i n d i R. & E.Richter ;R. & E. Richter, Die Trilobiten..., p. 145, pl. 8 fig. 40- 43.

Material. - 1 incomplete cephalon from Kowala limestones.

Dim en sions (in

mm):

Length of cephalon 1/2 of cephalic width Length of glabella 1/2 of glabellar width

Width of preoccipit al rin g (L,)(sag.) Length of eye

Distance of eye from posterior bor- der fur r ow

I. G.

169.11.6 8.0 8.5 7.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 2.0

Remark s. - Comparing with specimens described by R. & E. Richter (1926) th e Polish repres entatives of this species displays the following diff erenc es:

Phacops wedekindi wedekindi

I

I

fr om Ronn e fr o m Kowala (Germ an y) (P ola n d)

2.0 2.0 2.0

2.8

I

I

^lA

1~

I

31 21

1

(2. 3, 5,

? '

^6,6.3)(2,3. ~,4:4,3,1) conspicuous rrussing Len gt h of eye (rn m)

Rat io of eye lengthto eyedist ancefromposte r ior borde r furrow

Distance of eye Irornposte r io r bord erfu r row(mm)

Numb er of lenses Gr anulati on

A n ew su bs pec ies Pha cops wedekind i uralicus Maks. ha s been d e- scribed f r om t h e Ural b y M aksimova (1955) . The Kowala specimen differs from it in considerably larger ey es and absence of gra nulation . This latter fe a t ure may , how ever , be du e to unsatisfactory sta te of preservation.

Genus Tr im erocep halus M cCoy , 1849 T'rune roce plui lus caecus (G u r ich, 1896)

(fig. 3; pI. II, fig. 1a-c, 2a-b. 3)

1896. Phacops caecus Giir ic h; G. Giirich, Da s Palaozo icum..., p. 362, pl. Hi, fig .4a-c.

1926. Phacop s (T rime roce p h allls) caecus (Gii rich); R. & E. Rich te r , Die Tril ob ite n ....

p. 180, pI. 10, fig.80-8 6 (with previous synonymy).

Material. - 29 cephalon s wi t h exoskeleto ns, 4 m oulds of cephalon s,

4 py gi d ia wi th exoskele to ns, 6 thoraces w ith exosk eletons - from the

Cheilocera s beds of K adzielni a (in Kielce); 1 cephalon with ex osk el eto n,

2 complet e specim en s enro lled, with exos kele to ns, 6 moulds of complete

s pec imens - f ro m the Cl ym en ia be ds of Kadzielnia . All the Kadzielnia

specim ens h a v e be en yielde d by yellowi sh calc a reous -cl ay sh ale, with

exoskeletons pr eserved in most cases , but s t r on gly deformed. 14 mould s

of ceph alo ns, 1 py gidium w ith exoskeleton f rom Cl y m en ia bed s of Lago w ,

a ll from d ark-grey limeston e. Abou t 20 complet e specime ns, en r olled,

come fro m t h e Ch eil ocera s bed s in t he bricky ard at K iel ce. These speci-

m ens a re a pa rt of J . Czarne ck i's collect io ns . During the Warsaw insurrec-

FAMENNIAN PHACOPIDAE FR OM HOLY CROSS MT S. 129

tion they ha ve b een damaged by fire and are thus not fit to be w orked o ut in detai l,

Dimension s of 3 specimens (in mm) :

Specimens - - -+

Len gth of ce p halon Width of cephal on Length of glabell a Width of glabella

Width of preoccipita l ring

(L_J) (sa g .)

Width of border at the post- er ior cheek angle

Dorsal furrow angle Length of pygidiurn Width of pygidium Length of rhachis Width of rhachi s

I

_169.n.10^I.G.

I

I

^2.4

4.4 2.1 3.0

0.2

0.3 68°

1.G. I.G.

169.11.8 169.11.9

5.5 9.0

8.8 15.6

4.0 8.0

5.9 9.0

0.3 1.0

1.0 2.0

68° 68"

2.0 6.1 1.8 1.8

Description . - Outline of cephalon sub-semicircular. Length/width ra tio 0.56. In longi tudin al section occipital r ing high, occipital furrow cons pic uous, preoccipital ring (L )) discernible as a small ridge between occ ipital r ing and gla be lla. Glabell a flat , ov erhanging ante r iorl y, in transverse secti on forming a fl attened arch. At inner gena l a ng le dorsal fu r rows parallel, diverging anteriorly at an angl e from 70

⁰

to 80

⁰;

occipi- tal ring wid e (sag. ), ab r up tly n arrowing at dorsal furrows ; occip it al furrow st rongl y curvi ng ante r iorly in m iddl e par t , an d forming a shallow d e- pression at the dorsal furrow ; pr eoccipital ring (L

1)

at d orsal f ur rows not much broad er than medially , fl at t ened out , oft en with t wo tubercles sym m et r ically placed on eithe r side of the midline ; p reocci pital furrow

(51)

distinct , also curving fo r ward; second

(52)

and t hi r d

(53)

l ateral glabcllar f urro ws r educed t o two sho r t depressions ,

53

however sometimes m issing; ch eeks st rong ly va ult ed; lateral border bro ad est at th e posterior gena l angle, narrowing; anterior border situated under th e glabella is c re sc en t- like , occasionally with a sh allow concavity, sub- pa ra llel to the out lin o of t he cep ha lo n ; subcr an id ia l furrow deep and moderat ely wide;

facial s ut ure detectable from mid-length of lat eral bord er follows a course typical of this sp ecies without crossing the cheek. In the mould t he cheek is modified at its anterior angle, due to the course of the facial s ut ure which , along a certain length, touches here the cheek , truncating it squarely or semicircularly along the border furrow. Width of

Acta Palaeon t ol oglca Polo nl ca - vol. IIIj2 ₉

rhachis/width of thorax pleurae ratio 0.52. In transverse section rhachis is high, pleurae strongly curving downward. Pygidium short and stout.

with length/width ratio 0.33. In transverse section rhachis lower than on thorax, dorsal furrows more shallow, pleurae slightly vaulted. Rhachis ,

bluntly terminated, does not reach posterior margin of pygidium .

2c / . . . ..

~(~j

Fig. 3. - Trimeroeep ha lus eaeeus (Gu r ich): Ia cep h a lo n, dorsal view; Ib same sp ecimen, lateral view; Ic same specime n, anter ior view (I. G. 169. II. 8);

2a inter na l mou ld of enrolled specimen, dor sa l view; 2b same sp e ci m e n , la- tera l view; 2c same specimen, anterior vie w (I. G. 169. II. 24); 3a pygidium,

latera l view ; 3b same sp e cime n, posterior vie w (I. G. 169. II. 25).

Ornamentation cons is t s of two kinds of tub ercl es: some are larger , flat t ened out and punctured, oth ers sm all er, dispersed among the larger.

Rem arks. - Trim er ocephalus caecus (Gilrich) was for the first time de scr ib ed in Poland by Gil rich (1896) , fro m K adzielnia , on specimens fr om lower Clymenia beds (zone of Cl. humboldti). In 1901 F. Drever- m ann described this spe cie s from Langenaubach (Rhine Province) and i n 19H1 - R. & E. Richt er from Gattendorf. The s pecim ens of Drever- mann and R. & E. Richter were found in lower Cheiloceras beds, but accord ing to the last mentioned authors , this form may also be encounter- ed wi thin Prolobites b eds.

Our specimens perfectly agree with Gilrich's description. The only

ascertained difference consists in the absence of tubercle on the occipital

ring.

FAMENNIAN PHACOPIDAE FROM HOLY CROSS MTS. 131

German specimens from Langenaubach (R.

&

E. Richter, 1926, pl.

10,

fig . 83) differ from those found in the Holy Cross Mts. not only in the presence of tubercle on the occipital segment, but also in a broader.

semicircular outline of cephalon.

Trimero cephalus mastophtalmus (Reinh. Richter, 1856) emen d . R. & E . Richter, 1926

(fig. 4; pl. I, fig. 3a-b)

1926. Phacop s'(Trim er ocephalu s) mast ophtalm u s (R e in h. Richter) ; R. & E. Richter, Die Tril obiten..., p. 172, pl. 9,fig. 68-74; pl. 10, fig.75 (with previous syn on y m y ).

1955. Phacop s (T rime roc ep h a lus ) mast ophtalmu s (Reinh. Richter); Z. A. Maksimova, Trilobity..., p. 155, pl. 14 fig. 1-9.

Material. -

4

fragments of cephalons with exoskeletons f rom Cly- menia beds of Kadzielnia , 2 cephalons from Clymenia beds of Lagow , one of them as a mould.

Dimensions (in rom) :

Length of cephal on Width of cep hal on Length of glabella Width of gla bella

Width of pre occipital ring (Lj) (sa g.) Width of border at posterior gen al angle

Angle of dors al furr ow s

1. G. . 169.II.7

10.5 19.0 8.4 10.4 0.9 2.0 68°

Description. - Outline of cephalon sem icir cular . Gl ab ell a sligh tl y overhanging the anterior border; its transv erse section is slightly arched , cheeks strongly vaulted , border flat. Ma ximum width of glabella before its mid-length; at this point gl abella n early twice as broad as at the base; dorsal furrow s straight, diverging at an angle o f 68°; occipital ring broad, s t rongly narrowing at dor sal fur rows ; occipital furrow curving forward , de eper at dorsal furrows ; preoccipit al ring (L

1)

broad mesially, narrowing at sides and then becoming inflated at the dorsal furrows;

preoccipital furrow (5 1) curving forward ; border broadest at posterior genal angle, running as a uniform band as far as anterior gl abellar angle;

subcranidial furrow deep and narrow; doublure semicircular; hypostome

not preserved. Facial suture only partly discernible: it cuts the lateral

border in half of its length, slightly obliquely forward, being deeper

incised when running on the anterior part of the border; cuts the border

furrow and runs along the cheek in a concave arch , reaching the dorsal

furrow near the anterior glabellar angle.

1 "'m

I ,

Fig. 4. - Trimerocep }wLu s mast opht aLmu s (Rei n h. Richter) : a ce- phalon, lateral view; b same specim en, an terio r view (1. G. 169.

II. 7).

Ornamentation of cephalon consists of minute gr an ulation un iformly and fa irly densely covering the glabella and cheeks . The gran ules a r e 0.3 nun in diamet er with cep halon 10 mm in l ength. There a re abo ut 36 granules over 1 square mm.

Rem ark s. - The here described specimens differ from those of Ger- many in the following characters:

TrimerocephaLus mastophtaLmus from Germany

· 1

from Poland

· 1

_b

·b le

Central (S,)and anterior

U:;~)

^{late- Id}1^lsceI'm a sen ral glabellar furrow

Preoccipital furrow (SI ) distinct faintly in d icated

I narrowingat sides and

Preoccipital rin g (L,)

·1

as an uniform ridge Inflated at the dorsal furrows

Subcranidial furrow broad narrow

discernible from mid- discernible throughout width (tr.) of lateral Course of facial suture

I

the lateral border border, deeply incised at border furrow

Specimens described by Maksimova from Kazakhstan (USSR), ac cord - in g t o t ha t au t ho r , agree w ith t hose from G erman y.

Salt er (1864- 1883 , p. 16, pl . 1, fig. 5-7) has figured Trimero cephalus

laevis (Mun st er) wi th char acteristic glabella, st ro n gly wi dening anteriorly

FAMENNIAN PHACOPIDAE FROM HOLY CROSS MTS. 133

and missing second (52) and t hird (5 3) lateral glabellar fu rrows; preocci- pital ring (L,) having large tubercles, the cheeks bei n g t riangular, the bord er n ar row .

R. & E . Richter (1926, p . 172, pi. 9, fig. 68- 74) hav e accepted the name

of Trimerocephalus laevis as a synonym of Trim. mastophtalmus (Munster) . Nevert heless some differences exist b etween these two forms, namely Trim . mastophtalmus , has very distinct second (5 2) and third (5 3) lateral gla bellar f urrows , distinct facial su tur e crossing the cheek (Salter did not m en t ion the su ture in his d escription and did not figure it), while the gran ulation on t he preoccipital ring (L ,) is very faint . Salter was not ab le to det ect .th e extremely fine granulation , characteristic of Trim.

mastophtalm us , prob ab ly owing to lack of ad equ at e magnifications. These differences, however, seem to be small an d to show that w e are dealing here with intraspecific variation only .

Specim en s of T rimeroce phalus mastophta lm u s from Poland, described in this pa pe r, come clos est to t hos e fro m Britain .

T rimeroce phalus polonicus n. sp.

(fig. 5; pl. III, fig. 1, 2a-c)

Hol ot y pus: I. G. 169.11.1'2, cep h a lon, fig. 5 an d pl. III, fig. 2'a-c.

Stratum typicum: Famennian Cl ym en ia beds.

Locus typicus: Kadzi elnia within the Holy Cross Mts. area, Poland.

Deriva t i o nomini s: pol on i cu s - des crib ed from Poland.

Material. - 6 cephalons wi th exos ke letons preserved , two damaged , all f ro m th e Cl ymenia beds of Kadzielnia.

Dim ensions of 2 specimens (in mm) :

Specimens -- - -+

Length of cephalon Width of cephalon Len gt h of glabella Width of glabella

Width of preocc ip it al rin g (L₁₎ (s ag.) Wid t h of bor d e r at posterior genal

angle

Angl e of dor s al fur r ows

I.G.

169.11.12

4.9 7.0 3.6 4.5 0.9

I. G.

169.n.13

4.0 6.0 3.0 4.0 1.0

0.5 59°

Diag n osis. - Outlin e of cephalon. s ub-sem ici r cula r , strongly pointed

anteriorly. Dors al furro w s slightly concave outside, their angle varies

markedly, ranging from 51 ° to 80 °. E longated dep r ess ion on the cresce nt- shaped ant erior border. Facial suture crosses the cheek near its anterior a ngle. O r n am ent at ion of ce phalon consists of t ubercles, rather large in r elat ion to cephalic dimensions, sca r cily dispersed. Two tubercles on si des of preoccipital ring . Thorax and pygidium unknown.

Descri ption. - Outline of cephalon s ub-sem icir cular, strongly pointed a nte r iorl y . L ength/width ratio 0.64. In longitudinal section occipital ring high; occipital f ur row m od erately d eep ; preoccipit al ring (L

1)

slig h tly convex; preoccipital furro w (Sl ) m or e shallow than the occipital; glabella somewhat ove r h an gin g th e an te r io r bord er ; bord er under glabella broad, centrally d epressed. In tra n sv ers e sect ion glabella a n d cheeks strongly vaulted, border narrow a nd conv ex. Outline of glabell a st ron gly pointed a nt er iorl y , hyperbolic; maximum glabell a r width a t mid-length of glabella

b

^{3 mm}

Fig . 5. - Tr imeTocep h a l us po l onicus n. sp.: a hol oty p e , cep h a lo n, dorsa l view; b sa me specimen, lateral view ; c same specimen, ante r ior view

(I. G. 169. II. 12).

or ve r y n ear to it , at t hat po in t glab ellar width more th an tw ice that a t

t he b ase ; le n gt h /w id th r atio 0.8; dorsal f ur rows co nvex ins ide, angle at

w hich they m eet var ies strongly, ranging fro m 51° to 80°; occipit al ring

broa d , na r rowing at do r sal fu rrows; occipital f ur row m oderately d eep ,

deep er nea r dorsal furrows, its me dian par t curvi ng for war d ; preoccipital

segment (L

1)

gently convex , w it h uniform width throu ghout a nd with ends

direc t ed post eriorly; preoccipital furrow (S l) medially sh allow but distinct ,

mesially strongly curving forward , near dorsal furrows incised more

deeply and thus prod ucing pits directed obliquely anteriorly; second (S2)

a nd third (S3) la teral furrows missing ; cheeks d ir ected mo r e or less vertic-

ally do w n w ard and thus imparting a character istically co nical ap pe aran ce

tv the w hole cephalon. Post er ior bo r de r narrow a n d con vex , broad ening

and fl attening out wh en passing into lateral border wh ich here ' att ains

its maximum width. Viewed fro m above t he border is discernible nearly

as fa r as the l at eral angl e of glabella ; it t he n pa sses under the glabella

FAME N NI AN PHACOPIDAE FROM HO LY CROSS MTS. 135

where it is broad and cr escen t-sha ped ; here an elo ngat e , wide depression oc curs separating the anterior border into two convex lists; subcranidial furrow deep and wi de; bord er furrow deep, highly arched under the gla be lla . Eye s missing . Facial sut ure ve ry faint, discermble on the cheek only wher e it is shape d like a sma ll ar ch and enters the dorsal f u r row in fro nt of the gena l angle.

Ornam en tation of ceph alon ve ry c haracte r istic: glabella a nd ch e eks with t ube rcles from 0.07 to 0.1 mm in d iamet er (t he cephalic length b eing 4.4 mm, its wi dt h 6.5 mm) . The tube r cula t ion is distinctly s pa rs e, t h ere being about 16 granules on each mm . On the preoccipital ring (L

I)

two t ubercles ar e pl aced symmetrically on eit her side of the centre , not larger than the tubercles on the glabella and cheeks. Occipital ring and border s moot h . In fro ntal part of glab ella and on border under the gl abella , tub erculation more dens e.

R em ar k s. - This species do ubtlessly be longs to genus Trimeroc epha - lus , as is s uggested by s uch characters as: fa lcate sha pe of border below g lab ella , facial suture crossing th e cheek , preoccipital furrow unb roken in the m id dle part and curving forward . On the whole this species most a pproach es Trimerocephalus caecu s, its glabella , however, is more sharply po in ted and th e course of its facial s ut ure differs in that it not only touches the cheek basally but even crosses it. A diagnostic feature here is the differ ence of ornamentation . In Tr imerocephalus polonicu s n. sp. it con- sists of fa irly large t uber cl es s pa rsely dispersed on the gla bella and cheeks.

In Trim eroceph alu s m astopht alm us (Re inh. Richt er) , de scribed by

R. & E. Richt er (1926, p . 172, pl. 9, fi g . 68-74) , sim ila rl y as in Trim. po lo-

nicus, the cheek is tr an sected by t h e fac ia l sut ure , while the dorsal f ur ro ws curve ou ts id e. In th e f ormer , howev er , the o utline of cephalo n is sem i- circ ular , gl ab ell a sli ghtly rounded anteriorly w it h discernibl e a n teri or and cent ra l later al furrows a bsen t from t he her e describ ed species. Orna- ment ation of ceph alon in Tr im. mast ophtalmus con sist s of fine, d ens e gra nulation, th e length of cephalon ra ngin g fr om 5.2 to 16.5 mm , while t he largest cephalons in Trim . polonicu s n ever exceed 4.4 mm in l ength and th eir ornamenta ti on consist s of markedly sparsely dispersed granu les.

Genus Dianops R. & E . Rich ter , 1923 Dianops typhlops (G iiric h , 1896)

(p l. IV, fig. 1, 4)

1896. Trimerocepha!us ty ph !o ps Gtirich; G. Gtirich, Das Palaozoicum..., p.359, pl. 115, fig. 7ab.

1926. Phacops (Tr i m eroceph a!u s) typh!ops (G tirich); R. & E.Rich ter , Die Trilobi ten ..., p. 192, pl. ,10, fig. 90-94 (with previous syn on ymy ).

Mate r ial. - 4 cep halons , 2 fragments of pygidi a, wi th exosk eleto n pa rtl y pr eserved , from dark-grey Clymenia li meston es of Her by.

Dim en sion s of 2 specimen s (in mm):

Specimens - -+

Len g th of cephal on Width of ceph al on Length of glabella Widt h of glabella Length of pyg idium Wid th of pygidiu m Len gth of rhach is Width of rh achis

I

1.G.

I

I.G.

169.II.14 169.II.15

8.0 16.0 7.0 8.6

2.3 5.0 2.1 1.2

Rem ark s. - Dianop s typ h lops (Gii ri ch) h as been descr ibed from P o- land i. a. also by G u r ich (1896) a nd R. & E. Richter (1926). Upon com- parison with the l ect oty p e (R. & E . Richter, 1926) t he h ere descr ibed specimens d isplay some sligh t diff erenc e. I n t he longitudinal se ction , namely , t he ce phalo n is less vaulted , w h ile the latera l border is re- lativel y na r row er.

Diano ps? t rifo lius n.

sp, (f ig. 6; pl. IV, fig. 2, 3)

Holotypus: 1. G. 169.II.16, cep h a lon, fig. 6 and pl. IV , fig. 2.

Stratum typicum: Famennian Cheiloceras bed s.

Loc us typicus: Kadzielnia wit h i n the Holy Cross Mts . area , Poland.

Der i v a tio nom i n i s:-trif o!ius - with shape res emblin g a trilobate leaf of clove r (T r ifolium).

Mat erial. - 5 cephalons, with exoskele tons pr es er ved, fr om th e Cheil o- cera s beds ; 2 d amaged cephalons, w it h exosk el etons, from the Cl ymenia beds of Kadzi eln ia. Nearly all t he specimen s sli gh tly d amaged.

Dimen sions of 3 specimens (in mm) - see p . 137.

Dia gnosis. - Outlin e of cephalon trilobat e. Gl ab ella flattened anter- iorly, t w ice as broad as at the base, lateral angles gently truncated. At posterior ge nal angle the border twice as broad as at the anterior angle,.

bent inside t he dorsal furrows. Thorax and pygidium unknown .

Des cript ion. - Outline of cephalon that of a semicircle strongly bent

inside .the dorsal furrows. Length/width ratio 0.5. In longitudinal section

occipital ring lower or even as high. as glabella; .preoccipital segment (L

1),

FAM E N N I AN PHA COPIDAE FROM HO LY CROSS MTS .

Spe cim en s ^{---~ 1.}G. I. G. 1.G.

169.II.16 169.lI.l 8 169.lI.17

Lengt h of ce phalon 4.5 6.0 6.0

1/2 of cephal o n wid th 5.0 5.1 6.5

Leng th of glabell a 3? 5.0 5.0

W~dth of _glabelJ~. . I 5.1 6.2

Width of pr eoccipital ring (I.,)Isag.]

I

^{0.4 0.5}

Wid th of border at post erior genal

angle ^I 0.9 1.5

Wid t h of border at ante r io r gena l

angle 0.5 0.8 0.8

An gl e of dorsal furrows 70° 70" 68"

137

on ly occasion ally prom inently vaulted; preoccipita l f ur ro w (S,) faintly indicated ; gl ab ella is r aise d , gently arched, not ov erhan ging the bo r-der , with a small front al edge; borde r w eakl y va ult ed . In transve rse section glabella an d ch eeks gentl y arcua t e, bord er wide , mod era tely convex . Glabella broadly ro un ded ant er ior ly, att aining its max imu m width in front of m id-l ength ; length/ widt h ratio of gla bell a 0.7; its shape r es em bling a trapeze wi t h base half th e length of t h e upper edge; la teral ang les of

c

·.b+2";·'~ ·:+:R,

3 mm

Fig. 6. - Dian op s? trij olius n. sp .: a holot y p e, cephalon, dorsal view; b same specime n , la ter a l view ; c same specimen , ante rior view (1. G. 169. II. 16).

gl ab ell a som ewhat t r uncated; dors al fur rows strai ght , d ivergin g at an angle of 70°; occipital ring mod erat ely wide, occip ita l fur row st r aight;

preoccipital rin g (L,) narrow, pr eoccipi t al f urrow (S,) st ra ight, us uall y interrupted mesially; pits in preoccipital and occipital f ur row ve ry shallow , elongate; two anterior lateral glabellar (S2 ' S3) f ur rows no t discernible;

cheeks in the sh ap e of an almost eq uilateral triangle ; pos terio r border

narrowing at mid-length (tr.), th en wid ening and att ainin g maximum

width where it m eets the border; the border wide post eriorly, narrows

anteriorly so that it is there nearly 2 times narrower than at the post erior

genal angle; at contact with dorsal furrows the border strongly bent

inside, viewed dorsally it is seen along 1/3 of the length of the anterior

margin of glabella and farther being concealed ben eath it ; under glabella , limbus broadly fiat and running as a uniform band; subcranidial furrow deep and broad, with hind edge somewhat lower t han the frontal; border furrow deep and fairly wide, bent inside at the dorsal furrows; under gl abella subcranidial and border furrows running parallel. Facial sut ure no t discernible. E y es m issing.

Ornamentation of cephalon: Glab ella , ch eek s and border near the dorsal fur row covered b y minute gr anul es 0.03 mm in diameter, with cephalon length 6.0 mm. Und er X 30 magnification occipital ring shows delicate granulation. In badly preser ved specimens , particularly on gla- bella, granulation not visibl e.

Remarks. - This species displays following features suggesting its assignment to genus Dianops: before glabella limbus broadly flat, under glabella subcranidial and border furrows parallel; second (5 2) and third

(53)

lat eral furrows missing; preoccipital furrow

(51)

straight , broken in the middle part .

Other features of this species, however, do not agree with the diag- no sis of genus Dion ops, as give n by R. & E. Richter (1926) . They are, namely, different shape of glabella which ex pands uniformly forward , and ant erior angles of glabella only quite insignificantly truncated. More- ov er, in our species, the bord er is throughout its length distinctly de- limited f rom the cheek by a deep border furrow.

Bending of the bord er at the dorsal f urrow, characteristic of Dianops?

tTifolius n. sp ., may have been caused by the exosk eleton being broken off h er e alo ng the facial suture , which ha s a si m ilar course in genus Dianops. This, howev er, is rath er doubtful , s in ce in blind t r ilob it es t he s ut ure w as not , in a ll prob ab ility , f unc t ional.

In comparison wi t h ot her species of gen us Dianop s, Diano ps? trifolius shows the following diff er en ce s : o utline of it s cephalo n is sem icir cular, bent n ear the dorsal furrow (this is a cha racter not en counter ed in any one of the d esc r ib ed species of ge n us Dian op s) ; lat eral angles of gl ab ella only sligh tly tru ncat ed (in Di an ops typhlops, D. an ophtalmus, D . griffi- t hid es glabellar ang l es are conspicuously truncated) ; the en t ire glabella and cheeks, as well as border n ear the dorsal furrows are finely gran ulat- ed . Granulation also occurs in D. t y ph lops, D . anophtalmus and D. grif- fit hides, but in som e pa r ts of the cephalon only.

Phacops sp.

(fig. 7; pl. III, fig. 4)

Ma t er ial. - 1 py gid ium with ex os ke le ton fo und in Cl y menia beds o f

Kad zielni a .

FAM E N N I AN P~ACOPI DAE FR OM HOL Y CROSS MTS.

Dim ension s (in mm) :

Length of pygidium Width of pygidium Length of rhachis Width of rhachis

I. G.

169.I1.19 5.2 10.2 5.2 3.1

139

Description . - Width of pygidium more than twice t he length : o utline of posterior margin gently arcuate, sli gh tl y concave where rhachis r eaches t he margin . In longitudina l section, rhachis considerably el evated -over ple urae, this elevation eq ualling 2/3 of pleurae h eig ht; three distinct segme nts and con spicuo us r ha chial r ings, thre e f urther seg ment s not r ead-

Fig . 7. - Phacops sp.: a py gidium, dorsa l view; b same spe ci m e n , la tera l view;

c same spe cimen, posteri or view (I. G. 169. II. 19).

ily discernible; rhachis ben t rather s h a r ply where it m eets posterior mar- gin of shie ld, reaching to end of shield. In trans verse section rhachis s t ron gly va ulted . Dorsal fu rrows conv erging V-shaped at post erior m ar gi n of s hie ld ; pl eura e horizontal from dorsal furrows to approximately 1/3 of t heir width (tr.) , farther s t rong ly curved downward; posterior margin Tc .ised wh er e m eeti ng t h e rhachis ; 6 furrows between rhachial rings, the frontal ones semicir cular an d conspicuous, deeper along dorsal furrows , beginn ing with the 4th barely discernible and m esiall y angularly bent;

4 ribs presen t on pleurae, gently arc uate distally. P le ural grooves mo- d erately deep, intersegmental furrows mor e sha llow b ut likewi se distinct ; no t one of them r eaches to m argin of shield; a nterio r and pos terior po r- tions of ri b dist inctly d elimit ed , conv ex ; segm en ts of r ha chis wit h very fa int ornamentation consisting of low tubercles 0.07 rom in diameter.

Remark s. The above described pygidium differs considerably

from pygidia of all speci es of Phacops so far described. It may possibly

be referred. to one of the two n ew sp ecies described in the present paper

found in the same beds and presenting a similar fine granulation.

Subfamil y Phacopid ellinae Del o, 1935 Genus Du ctina (R. & E. Ri cht er, 1931) D uctina du ct ifrons R. & E . Ri cht er , 1923

(pl. III, fig. 3)

1926. Phacopidella duct ifr on s R. & E. Rich t er ; R. & E. Rich t er, Die Trilobiten...,.

p. 207, pl.1'l, fig. 16 ~2i2 (wi t h pr eviou s synon ymy ).

1·931. Pha eopideUa (Duetina) du etifrons R. & E. Rich t er ; R. & E.Richter , Unter 1a gen

zum Fossilium Ca tal ogu s.

19515. Ph aeopideUa (D uetina) duetifrons R. & E. Ri chter;Z. A. Maksimova,Tr il ob ity .., p. 1¹⁸6.,pl. 1,6, fig. 1-6.

Mat e'riaL - 4 cep halons from Clym en ia bed s of P siarni a. These spe- cimens, wi th exos ke leton s , ha ve been pr es erved in shal es, in a deformed and flattened con dition.

Dim en sion s of 3 speci m ens (in mm):

Spe ci m en s - - -,

I

1. G. I 1. G.

I

1. G.

169.11.201169.11.21 169.11.22

4.1

60⁰ 60⁰

Length of cep ha lo n Width.of cephalon Len gt h of glabell a Width of glabella Angl e of dorsal furrows

4.0 3.1

7.1

I

^5.0

4.1

Descri ption . - Outline of cephalon semicir cula r, le ngth/width r atio 0.5; dors al furrows divergent at an angle of 58° to 60° , fro ntally curvin g to t h e outsid e and passing un int erru pt ed i n to borde r furrow ; gl ab ell a widening o ut anteriorly, wi th latera l angles passi ng outside into t he border ; len gt h/wid th ratio 0.8; occi pital ri n g m oderately narrow, pr e- occipit al ri ng (L1) b roadly fl at , oc cipit al and preoccipital f urrows (S1) delimiting it straight; pr eoccipit al fu rrow (S1 ) m edi ally v er y fain tly indicated; eyes a bsent .

'R em ark s. - Phacopid ella duct ifr ons (1926), described by R. & E. Ri ch-

te r , is wit ho ut s ubcran idia l fu r row, w hi ch is a gen eric character, while th e fa cia l sut ure r uns along th e out er m argin of border. Exoskeleton wit h delicate granulat ion. The he r e m en tion ed f eatures a re not discernibl e in Polish f orms owing to ext r emely bad sta te of preservation. Ductina duc tifrons has not thus far been d escribed from Poland. In Europe it has been record ed from the Rhine Province and from Eastern Thuringia, a s well as from Great Britain. After R. & E. Richter (1926) it is encountered within Mant icoceras and Cheiloceras beds.

Paleozooloqical Laborat ory of the Porish Academy of Sciences

Warszawa, January 1958

FAMEN NIAN PHACOPIDAE FROM HO L Y CROSS MTS.

REFER ENCES

141

·CZA RN OCK I, J. 1928. Przeglad stratygrafii famenu i karbonu dolnego w zachod- niej i sr odk ow e j czesci Gor Swietokrzyskich. - Pas. Nauk, P. In st. Geo!., 21, 55-61, Warsz awa.

1948. Przewodnik XX zjazd u Polskiego Tow a r zy s tw a Ge ol ogi czn e go w Go- rach Swietokr zysktch w '1l»7 r. - Roczn. P. T. Geo!. (Ann. Soc. Geol, de Po- logne), (1947) 17, 237-299, Kr a k ow .

Ii!};}7. Geologia regi onu Iysogorskiego (Geology of the Lysogory Region). - Prace Geo!., 2, 3, 34- 35, Warszawa.

DELO, M. D. 1940. Phacop id Trilobites of North America . - Geo!. Soc. Amer., Spec. Paper s, 29, p. I;}, New York.

DREVERMANN, F. 1901. Die Fauna del' oberdevonischen Tuffbreccie von Landenau- bach bei Haiger. - Jb. preu ss. geo !. Landesanst ., (1900), p. 114, Berlin.

GDR I CH, G. 189 6. Das Pala ozoi cum im polnisch e Mittelgebirge. - Verh. Russ.

Kais. Min. Ges., 2, 32, 35'9-356, St. Petersburg.

HUPE, P. 195'3-19515. Cla ssification des Trilobites. - Ann. Paleont., 39, 41, 249-263, Pa r is.

JAANUSSON, V. W5i6. On the Trilobite ge nus Celmus Angelin, 1854. - Bu l l , Geol.

Inst. Univ. Uppsala, 36, 36-37, Uppsala.

MAKSIMOVA, Z. A. 1955. Trilobity srednego i verchnego devona Ur a la i sever- nych Mugodzar. 136-'142, 155-160, 186-188, Moskva.

RICH T ER, R. & E. [919. Uber Phacops laevis und andere Phacopiden des vogt- landis chen Oberdevons. - Senckenbergiana, I, 4, 131-'1'40, Frankfurt a. M.

192.3. Uber Phacopide ll a Ree d . - Ibidem, 5, 3/4, 134-142.

1926. Die Trilobiten des Oberdev ons. - Abh. preuss. geo!. Landesanst., N.F.,

99, '112£-211, 236-245, Berlin.

1931. Unterla gen zu m Fossilium Catalogus, Trilobitae: 5. - Senckenbergiana, 13, 2', Fr a nk fu r t a. M.

ROE MER, C. F. 1186,6. Ge ognostis che Beob a ch t u n gen im Poln is ch e n Mittelgebirge. - Ztschr; deutsch. geo!. Ge s., 18, Berlin.

SALTER, J. W. 11864. A Mono graph of British Tr il ob ites. - Monogr. Paleontogr. Soc., 1'6-'17, London.

SAMSONOWICZ, J. 1917. Ut w or y dew on skie ws ch od n ie] czes ci Gor Swietokrzy- skich. - Prace Tow. Nau k: Warsz., III Wydz., 20, Warszawa ,

SOBOLEV, D. 19111. 0 fa m e nskom jaruse Kelecko -sa ndornerskogo krjaza. - Ezei). geol. miner. Rossii, 13, 1/2, 34-4 1, Novo-A le ksand r ia.

HALS ZK A OSM6LS KA

PHACOPIDAE FAMENSKIE Z GOR SWI.E;TOKRZY SKICH

Stresz czenie

Ph acopidae famenskie, opisa n e w niniejsze] pracy, zostaly zeb r a n e prze z Dr Z. Kie la n w nastepujacych miejscowosciach: Kadzielni a , Psiarni a, Herby (dziel- nice Kie lc), oraz Lagow, Galezice, Kowala i Jablonn a kolo Bork owa (fig. 11) i prze-

kazane arutorce do opracow a nia. Wszystkie te pun k ty polozo n e sa na poludn ie od nasuniecia Swie tokrzy sk iego i zgrupowane w dw och odreb nych fauni stycznie i lito- logiczriie regionach: I. synklinorium ce n tr al ne (kielecko-lagowskie), II. synklina galezicko-daleszycka.

Famen w synklinorium ce n tra lnym wyk szta lcon y jest w post a ci ponad 100-me- trowej serii osadow lupkowo-wapiennych 0 szaro-zoltawym za b arw ie n iu. Fauna trylobi t owa jes t dos e obfita; sa to wylac zn ie trylobity slep e z rod zin y Phacopidae: Trimerocepha lus caec us (Giirich), Trim. mast ophta lmus (Reinh. Richter), Trim. polonicus n. sp., Dian ops ty ph l ops (Gu r ich), Dianop s? trif ol iu s n. sp., Du ct i n a ductifr ons R. & E. Richter. Charaktery st yczny tu jest zupelny brak trylobitow z ro- dziny Pr oe ti d ae. Osady tego typu wyksztalcon e sa w nastepuj a cych punktach:

Kadzi elnia - Famen spoczy wa tu na wapieniach franu; sa to lupki rnargliste- przewar stwiane wap ien ia m i. Tworza one gruby kom p lek s z fauna trylobi tow i mal- ZOW oraz zle za cho wanych klimenii. Wedlu g J. Czarnockiego (J.9~8 ) sa tu reprezen- tow a ne wa rs twy ch eiloc erasow e i klimeniow e. Sposrod Phacopidae wystepu ja: Tri- merocep halus caecus (Giirich), Trim. mast ophtalmus (Reinh. Richter), Trim. polo - ni cu s n. sp., Dia n op s? trifolius n. sp.

Psia rnia - Famen jest tu wyksztalcony rownie z w postaci lupkow marglistych przewarstwion y ch wapieniami. Phacopidae reprezentowane sa przez: Phacops gra- nu l at us (Mu ns ter ), Di anops typhlops (Giirich), Ductina ductifrons (R. & E. Richte r ).

Herby - W drodze prowadzqcej do Czarnowa odslaniaja sie cza r ne wapienie;

w ktorych spotyka sie Dianops ty p h lo ps (Giirich).

Lagow Odstoniecia famenu wystepuja na polnocnym krancu miasta czka, w zboczu doliny rzeczki Lagowicy. Sa to silnie bitumiczne osady lupkowo-wapienne.

W ciemnosz ary ch wa p ie niac h klimeniowych znajduje sie niekiedy wielkie na gr c - madzenie pa n cerzy Trimerocephalus caecus (Giirich) i nieliczne Trim. mastophtalmus:

(R einh. Richter). Z innych Phacopidae cytow ano tu Dianops typhlop s (Giirich). Wy- ksztalcen ie fa me nu w Lagow ie odbiega nieco od typowego lupkowo-wapie nnego,.

gdyz pr zew a za ja tu wap ie n ie, Iupkow zas jest mniej. Zesp ol faunisty czny jest tu takze odm ie n ny : oprocz bar dzo liczn y ch Phac op id a e, sa tu trylob it y z rodziny Proetidae.

Famen w synklinie gale zic ko-da leszy ck ie] wyk s ztalcony jest w facji wapiennej. Sq to wapien ie szar e, czest o 0 zabarwi eniu czer w onym, 0 miazszosci nie przekra- czajacej 30 m. Fauna ich jest bardzo boga ta i dobrze zachowana. Sposrod Phaco- pidae wys tepuj a tu tylko dwa gatunki; sa to formy majace oczy: Phacops granu- latus (Muns ter) i Ph. wedekindi wede kindi R. & E. Richter; natomiast Proetldae , ktorych niemal zupelnie brak w synklinorium centralnym, sa tu bardzo Iiczne, Osa dy fameilskie typu wapiennego wystepuja w nastepujacych punktach:

Ga!~zice- Br a k tu franu, famen zas spoczywa bez posrednio i praw ie zgodnie na wapieniach amfiporowych zywetu. Jes t on wyks ztalcony w posta ci twardyc h.

wapieni 0 zabarwieniu ciemnosza rym, rozowym, czekola d owym i zielo nkawym. We-

FAM E NNIAN PHACOPIDAE FROM HOLY CROSS MTS. 143

drug Czarnockiego (11928) brak tu poziomu cheilocerasowego, a gorny famen obej- muje wszystkie poziomy klimeniowe, Iacznie z woklumeriowym oraz gattendorfio- wym, nalezacym juz do dolnego karbonu. Fauna jest bardzo bogata i doskonale zachowana; zawiera ona goniatyty, klimenie, or tocer a sy, brachiopody, malze , try- lobity, szcza t k i ryb. Sp osrod Phacopidae wystepuje Phacops granulatus (MUnster).

Wskutek wyk li n ow a n ia sie pewnych wa r s t w miazszosc w poszczegolnyeh odkryw- ka ch w sarnych Galezicach waha sie od 3 do 7 m.

Kowala - Famen wyksztalc ony tu jest takze w postaci wapieni, czest o czer- won o zabarwionych, gruzlowaty ch , leza cy ch na wapieniach franu. Wedlug Czarn oc- kiego C1957) wy s tep u ja tu wszys t k ie poziomy klimeni ow e. Sposrod Phacopidae wy- step uj a: Dianops typhlops (Gtirich) i Ph. wedekin di wede k i ndi R. & E. Richter.

Wyzej Ieza lupki dolnego karbonu.

Jablonna k. Borkowa - Famen zostal tu odkryty przez Czarnockiego po II woj n ie swiatowei. W roku 1949 pro w adzit on tu pra ce geologiczne, kt6rych wy- nik i nie zostal y jednak opublikow ane. Famen zalega tu na wa pie n ia ch franu; jest to, podobnie ja k i w Kowali, kompletna ser i a, zaczynajaca sie od warstw cheilocera- sowych i prawdopodobnie ze wszystkimi poziomami klime niowymi. Sa to wapienie o czerwonym, szarym - a w wa r st wach in ter p retowan y ch przez Czarnockiego jako woklumeriowe - seledynowym zabarw ieniu. Fauna bardzo bogata. Miazszosc okolo 30 m. Sposrod Phacopidae wystepuje tylk o Phacop s granulatus (Munster). Przed- stawiciele tego gatunku, wystepu iacy w nizszych poziomach klimeniowych, to osob- niki 0 malych, kilkumilimetrowych cefalonach. Ten sam gatunek z seledynowych wa p ie n i woklumeriowych osiaga rozmiary cefa l on u dochodzace do 18 mm. Nad osa- dami famenu lezq lupki dolnego karbonu.

Wsrod opis a n y ch prze z autorke Pha copid ae fameriskich w wymienionych wy ze ] punktach wys tepu ja trzy gatu n k i, znane [uz przedtem z G6r Swietokrzyskich:

Phacop s granulatus (M unst er ) Trimerocephalus caecu s (Gtirich ) Dianops typhlops (Gtirich) a takze dotychczas w Polsce nie znajd ow ane:

Phacop s wedek i n d i wede ki ndi R. & E. Richter Trime ro cep h a lu s mastophtalmus (Reinh. Richter ) Duct ina ductifrons (R. & E. Richter).

Do tego dochodza dwa nowe gatunki:

Trimerocephalus pol onicus n. sp, Dia n ops? trif olius n. sp.

Ponizej przytoczone sa kr6tkie diagnozy ga t u n k 6w nowych.

Trimerocephalus polonicus n. sp, (fig. '5; pi. III, fig. 1', 2a-c)

Holotypus: I. G.'169. II. 12, cefalon, fig. 5 i pi. III, fig. 2a-c.

Str at u m typicum: fa m en, war stwy klimeniowe.

Locus typicus: Kadzielni a, G6ry Swietokrzys kte, Polska, Der iva t i o nominis: poloni cu s - opisany z Polski.

Diagno za. - Zary s ceIalonu wez szy niz p6lkole; glabella z przodu silnie za- os trzona; bruz dy grz b ietowe lekko wygiete, wk les le na zewnatrz, kat ich bardzo zmi e n n y (5¹1- 80°); na pol k siezy cowa tym lim busie przednim podluzne wglebienie; sze w twar zowy prz eci n a polic zek przy przedni m [ego kacie ; or nam en ta cja cefalonu w posta ci dose duzych w stosu nku do wymia r6 w cefa l onu guzkow, rzadko roz- mieszczon ych: po boka ch mied zypierscienia dw a guzki. Toraks i pygidium nie zn ane.

Dianops? trifotius n. sp. (fig. 6; pl. IV, fig. 2, 3)

Holo typus: I. G. 169. II. 106, cef a l on , fig. 6 i pl. IV, fig. '2.

St ra t u m ty p icum: famen, warstwy ch e il ocer a s ow e.

Locus typicus: Kadzielnia, G6ry Swietokrzyskie, Polska.

Derivat i o nomini s: tr if oli u s - cefal on rna ksztalt liscia koniczyny (Trifolium ).

Diagnoza. - Zarys cefal onu przypominajq cy tr6jplatowy lise koniczyny; gla- bella z przodu spla szczona, dwa razy szers za niz u podstawy, jej boczne katy lekko sciete ; limbus przy tylnym kacie policzkowym przeszlo dwa razy szerszy niz przy przedn im, przy ujsciu bruzd grzbietowy ch wgiety do wnetrza. Toraks i pygidium nie znane.

OBJAsNIENIA DO ILUSTRACJI

Fig. 1 (p . 122)

Map ka wys te powa n ia famenu w poludniowej czesci G6r Swietokrzyskich. Fig. 2 (p . 126)

Phacop s granulatus (Mu n s te r ): ta cefalon, profil podluzny: Ib ten sam okaz, profil pop r ze czn y (I. G. 169. II. 1); 2a pygidiurn, profil pcdluzny; 2b ten sam okaz, prom poprzeczn y (1. G. 169. II. 23).

Fig . 3 (p. 130)

Trimerocephalus caeeu s (Gil r i ch ): la cefa l on, z g6ry; Ib tel] sam okaz, profil pod lu zn y; tc ten sam okaz, profil poprzeczny (1. G. 169. II. 8); 2a oka z zwiniety, osr od k a wewnetrz na, z gory ; 2b ten sam oka z, profil podbuzny; 2c ten sam okaz, profil poprzeczny (I. G. 169. II. 24); 3a pygidium, profil podluzny; 3b ten sam okaz, profil poprze czny (I. G. 16'9. II. 25).

Fig. 4 (p. 132)

Trimerocephalus mastophtalmus (Reinh. Richter): a cefalon, profil podluzny;

b ten sam ok a z, profil poprzeczny (I. G. 169. II. 7).

Fig. 5 (p. 134)

Trimeroeephalus polonieus n. sp.: a holotyp, cefalon, z gory;' b ten sam okaz, profil podluzny: e ten sam okaz, profil poprzeczny: (I. G. 169. II. 1(2).

FAME N NIAN PHAC O PIDAE FRO M HO L Y CROSS MTS. 145

Fig. 6 (p. 137)

Di an o ps? trifolius n. sp. : a holo t yp, cefalon, z gory; b ten sam okaz, profil pod luzny; c ten sam oka z, profil pop rzeczny (I. G. 100. II. 16).

Fig. 7 (p, 139)

Phaco ps sp.: a pygidium, z gory; b ten sam oka z, profil pod luzny; c ten sam okaz, profil poprzeczny (I. G. 169. II. 19).

Pi. I

Phacop s granulatus (M u n s t e r)

Fig. 1. Cefa lo n, z gory (I. G.169. II. 1); X 5.

Phacops wedekindi wedekindi R. & E. Richte r

Fig. 2. a Fra gm ent cef a lo n u, z gor y; b ten sam ok a z, profil podluzny (I. G. 169. II. 6) ; X 4.

Trimerocephalus mast ophtalmus (R ein h . Rich t e r )

Fig. 3. a Cefalon, z gory; b ten sam okaz, profil poprzeczn y; c ten sam ok a z, profil pod luzny (I. G. 169. II. 7); X3,1.

PI. II

Trimerocephal u s caecus (Gu r ich )

Fig. 1. a Okaz zwin iet y, z gory; b ten sam ok az, pr ofil popr ze czny ; c ten sam okaz, profil podhizny (I. G. 169. II. 8); X4,7.

Fig. 2: a Caly oka z, osrodka 'w e wn etr zn a, z gory; b ten sam okaz, pygidium

(I. G. '169. II. 11); X2,7. ,

Fig. 3. Wapien z lagow a, szlif mikrosk opo wy; widoczne przekroj e pan cerzy Trimerocephalus caecus; X3.

Pi. III

Trimerocephalus poloni cu s n. sp.

Fig . 1. Par atyp, splasz czony cef a lo n, z gory.(I. G. 169. II. 26); X6,4.

Fig. 2. a Ho1ot y p, ce fa lo n, z gory; b ten sa m okaz, profi1 poprze czny; c ten sam oka z, profil podlu zny (I. G. 169. II. 1'2); X 8,7.

Ductina ductifroll s (R. & E. Richler) Fig. 3. Fragment cefa lo n u, z gory (1. G. 169. II. 20); X9,5.

Phacop s sp . Fig . 4. Pygidium, z gory (I. G. 69. II. 19); X 4,8.

Pi. IV

Di an o ps typhlops (Gurich) Fig. 1. Cefalon, z gory (I. G. 169. II. 14); X4,7.

Fig. 4. Pygidium, z gory (I. G. 169. II. 15); X8,7.

Dian op s? trifolius n. sp, Fig. 2. Hol oty p , cefalon, z gory (I. G. 169. II. 116); X8,4.

Fig. 3. Paratyp, cefa lo n, z gor y (I. G. 169. II. 17); X5,6.

.Acta Pal a eo n t ol ogica Pol ontca - vol. IIIj2 10