P u z z u o la n a s a n d c e m e n ts . I I . H y d ra te d m o n o c a lc iu m s ilic a te . V. CntrLLi (Annali Chim.
Appl., 1938, 28, 239—244; cf. B., 1938, 911).—
Passage of aq. CaO over S i0 2 gel gives CaSi03,H20 (I) which is not readily dehydrated, loss of H aO commencing a t 130° and being complete a t approx.
700°. Thermal decomp, of (I) yields Ca2S i04 and S i0 o which, a t higher tem p., produces wollastonite.
F. 0 . H.
C o rre la tio n of m e th o d s fo r m e a s u r in g h e a t of h y d ra tio n of c e m e n t. R . W. Ca r l s o n and L. R.
Fo r b r ic h (Ind. Eng. Chem. [Anal.], 1938, 10, 382—
386).—Three types of calorimeter, viz., the adiabatic, heat of dissolution, and vane-and-conduction types, are described and their lim itations and advantages pointed out. Practically identical results can be obtained when possible sources of error are taken into account.
The immediate heat of hydration, carbonation of heat-of-dissolution specimens, the H 20 : cement ratio, and variations in sp. Heat of concrete with tem p, are im portant factors to be considered if agreement in the results is to be reached. L. S. T.
(A) T e m p e r a tu r e a n d h u m id ity effec ts in u n p a in te d a n d p a in te d b r ic k s t r u c t u r e s . (B) P a i n t in g c e m e n t-a s b e s to s c o m p o sitio n s . An o n. (Sci.
Sect. N at. P aint, Var. Assoc., Inc., July, 1938, Circ.
[a] 562, [b] 563, [a] 152— 153, [b] 154— 157).—
(a) Graph and charts show tem p, and R .H . variations during the summer of 1937 in two penthouses. One of them was painted white, had max. tem p. 35° and const. R .H .; th e other was unpainted, had probable max. tem p. 43°, and the R .H . varied from 55 to 70%.
(b) Two boxes made of corrugatcd asbestos-cem ent were similarly exposed; one painted white was 3—5°
cooler th an the unpainted box. The painted m aterial absorbs negligible am ounts of H 20 , whereas the unpainted composition absorbs 4 oz./sq. ft. of sur
face. Exposure tests w ith two coats of a green paint on a series of primers show th a t the m aterial can be
satisfactorily painted. S. M.
T r e n d of p r o g r e s s in th e b u ild in g in d u s tr y . R . Fi t z m a u r i c e (Chem. and Ind., 1938, 845—847).
T re n d of p ro g r e s s in r o a d d e s ig n . J . 0 .
Wi l l i s (Chem. and Ind., 1938, 847—849).
B itu m in o u s r o a d m a te r ia ls in C a n a d a . C.
Ma c k (Chem. and Ind., 1938, 836—837).—The special requirem ents for road construction in Canada are outlined and a brief account is given of the nature of the research work undertaken to find suitable
materials. T. W . P.
M e c h a n ic a l te s tin g of b itu m in o u s r o a d m i x tu r e s . J . P . Pf e i f f e r (J.S.C.I., 1938, 57, 213—
225).—D ata are given on compression and tensile strength tests on bitum en-m incral aggregate road mixtures, from which it is concluded th a t th e tests are unsuitable. A new m ethod of testing resistance to shear, based on th e principles of soil mechanics, is
described. T. W . P .
N e w m e th o d of t r e a tin g b itu m in o u s ro o f c o a t
in g s . H. A. Ga r d n e r (Sci. Sect. N at. P aint, Var.
Assoc., Inc., July, 1938, Circ. 561, 146—161).—D u st
ing with Al powder is recommended, to improve durability and lower the summer tem p, of the roof.
For large areas the Al paste is extended with m ineral spirits and sprayed. Coloured pigments m ay also be
used. S. M.
W a te rp ro o fin g a n d c o n s o lid a tin g th e w a lls of m in e -s h a fts . H. Wa l d e c k (Gliickauf, 193S, 74, 385—392, 409—417).—The m erits and costs of cementation and chemical processes and the Shell- perm process are compared. The Shellperm process consists in injecting a bituminous emulsion into rock pretreated with a reagent which causes th e bitum en to be pptd. in the rock pores. In th e chemical m ethod a siliceous solution is forced into the rock, followed by a second solution causing a gel to be formed. Experim ents have shown th a t all types of rock can be chemically consolidated. Practical examples of the three m ethods of treatm en t are
described in detail. R. B . C.
W ood a s a h o m o g e n e o u s m a te r ia l. I . I m p ro v in g w oo d fo r s t r u c t u r a l p u rp o s e s . P . Br e n
n e r. G lu in g of w o od w ith s y n th e tic r e s in . O.
Kr a e m e r (Aircraft Eng., 1938, 10, 129—134, 183—
186).—I. The homogeneity and resistance to H 20 are
improved by lam ination and binding w ith Tegofilm or K au rit under pressure. The compressive strength is thus increased up to 125% in the direction of the grain and up to 500% perpendicular thereto. The bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and rigidity are im proved, b u t th e tensile strength is increased only in a direction perpendicular to the grain.
H . D ata on the binding strengths of birch plywood glued with casein, casein-blood-albumin, blood-albu- min, Tego film, K aurit, and Bakelite are given.
R. B. C.
R a p id d e te r m in a tio n of m o is tu r e in w illo w b a r k . I. V. Ge r a s i m o v (Utschen. Zap. Univ. Kazan, 1938, 97, 121— 126).— CaC2 is mixed with the bark and the vol. of C2H 2 produced is measured. A determ ination of CaC2 in the specimen of carbide
used is essential. J . J . B.
G rin d in g m a c h in e ry fo r c e m e n t e tc .—See I.
H 2C 20 , fr o m s a w d u s t.—See II I. W ood s u b s ta n c e s .—See V. J o in t s t r e n g th of h ig h -g ra d e g lu e s .—See XV. C ane m o la s s e s a s ro a d -m a k in g m a te r ia l.—See X V II.
See also A., I, 459, E q u ilib r iu m d ia g r a m s of b in a ry [silic a te ] s y s te m s . S o lid s o lu tio n s of C a fe r r ite in C a a lu m in a te .
Pa t e n t s.
T r e a tm e n t of r a w m a te r ia ls fo r m a n u fa c tu re of c e m e n t o r lim e . M. Vo g e l-Jo r g e n s e n (B.P.
476,435, 8.6.36).—The raw m aterials are heated at 70—350° and th en subjected, in a state of fine sub
division, to flotation, for the purpose of cleaning or concn. The prelim inary heat-treatm ent improves the efficiency of the flotation process and also allows less H 20 to be used in the slurry. T. W. P.
M a n u fa c tu re of h y d ra u lic g y p s u m c e m e n t m a te r ia l. Ru m f o r d Ch e m. Wo r k s (B.P. 477,743, 30.3.37. U.S., 14.5.36).—Wholly or partly hydrated or dehydrated gypsum is mixed with a phosphoric acid, e.g., H 3P 0 4, and an alkali phosphate, e.g., N aH 2P 0 4, and calcined a t 980— 1260°. The m ixture m ay include S i0 2 or silicates, up to 3 % ; the phos
phate additions are preferably < 2 % . The calcined product gives a product with high strength and sand- carrying capacity and normal setting time.
T. W. P.
H y d ra u lic b in d e r s . Et a b l. Po l i e t e t Ch a ij s- s o n (B.P. 474,917, 11.5.36. E r., 14.2.36).—Portland cement is mixed w ith 10—50% of a m ixture having a basis of sulphoaluminate, obtained by sintering a m ixture of bauxite or clay with limestone and gypsum.
Alternatively, the P o rtlan d cement is made with an excess of CaS04. In either case the production of hydrated sulphoaluminates during setting and h ard ening causes an expansion in vol. which counteracts the initial shrinkage during drying. T. W. P.
W a te rp ro o f c o n c re te . H . L . Le v i n, Assr. to
Pa t e n t& Li c e n s i n g Co r p. (U.S.P. 2,067,772,12.1.37.
Appl., 22.8.32).—A composition containing asphalt 50—65, rosin soap 3—5, and H 20 30— 47% is pre
pared by running m olten pressure-tar asphalt, m.p!
60—93°, into a mill containing th e soap solution and grinding the m ixture. This dispersion can be mixed
w ith concrete to render it waterproof, only coalescing when all H 20 is removed. E. M. L.
M a n u fa c tu re of lig h t- w e ig h t c a lc iu m s u lp h a te p la s te r s . V. Le f e b u r e, and Im p e r i a l Ch e m. In d u s t r i e s, Lt d. (B.P. 479,452, 5.8.36).—Anhydrite plasters containing chips or sawdust of Balsa wood (2—20 w t.-% ) are claimed. The small am ount of filler necessary does not m aterially reduce th e fire-resistance of the plaster. T. W. P.
P ro d u c tio n of b u ild in g a n d lik e m a te r ia ls . W. Sc iio b it z(B.P. 475,081, 7.12.36).—The m aterial is prepared by mixing washed and pulped paper m aterial, CH20 solution, water-glass, and P ortland cement.
T. W. P.
C o m p o site b u ild in g m a te r ia l. E . C. Lo e t s c h e v
(U.S.P. 2,067,012, 5.1.37. Appl., 9.10.33).—Various m ixtures of synthetic resins and CaO with resinous and relatively non-resinous woods are treated (method specified) to produce sheets which are hard and dense, have a lustrous surface, and can be worked or cut.
About 10% of S m ay be added to th e mix to increase
plasticity. T. W. P.
C o m p o site b u ild in g p la te s a n d th e lik e . G.
Sc h u s t e r and F. Ho f f m a n n (B.P. 488,127, 14.5.37.
Ger., 15.5.36).—The centre (or back) is composed of sound-insulating, compacted or bound fibrous m ater
ial and both faces (or one face) are/is of asbestos- cement or cork-cem ent which is caused to adhere by an interm ediate layer of rubber deposited in situ from natural or synthetic dispersion (latex). B. M. V.
M a n u fa c tu re of b itu m in o u s p a v e m e n ts of h ig h s t r u c t u r a l s tr e n g th . C. M. Ba s k i n, Assr. to
St a n d a r d Oi l De v e l o p m e n t Co. (U.S.P. 2,074,010, 16.3.37. Appl., 27.6.33).—A strong paving m ixture which will not crack is prepared by mixing 6% of an asphalt of low penetration a t 25° and low furol ■/) a t 149°, 6% of fine m ineral dust of <200-m esh, 48%
of mineral aggregate (J in. max. particles), and 40%
of aggregate of 1—2-J- in. size. D. M. M.
P re s e r v a tio n of w o o d . G. B. Sh i p l e y (U.S.P.
2,066,583, 5.1.37. Appl., 29.4.33).—The ta rry oil recovered from th e condensing system of a by-pro
duct coke oven separately from the heavy ta r deposited in the hydraulic m ain is used undistilled as a wood- preserving im pregnant. Such oil should have abs.
t) 2-47 centipoises a t 85° and a distillation residue of
> 33-5% a t >180°. T. W. P.
P r e s e r v in g tr e a t m e n t fo r w o o d . H . M. A.
Va u t h e r i n (B.P. 477,742, 22.3.37. F r., 28.3.36).—
Wood is treated in an autoclave with live steam and th e tem p, then m aintained a t 115— 170° for a period long enough to render the tissue unalterable an d un- attackable. Preservatives, e.g., creosote, m ay be introduced w ith the steam. T. W. P.
W o o d -p re se rv a tiv e o il. A. Ho l m e s, Assr. to
St a n d a r d Oi l De v e l o p m e n t Co. (U.S.P. 2,078,570, 27.4.37. Appl. 6.6.33).—The oil consists of a solution of creosote in a petroleum oil, acid-sludge distillate oil, preferably containing > 5 % (10—15%) of S.
D. M. M.
(A) T o x ic a g e n t a n d its a p p lic a tio n to fib ro u s p ro d u c ts . (B) In s e c t- a n d fu n g i-to x ic fib ro u s m a te r ia ls . G. H . El l i s, Assr. to In s u l i t e Co.
C l. X .—M ETALS; METALLURGY, INCLUDING ELECTROM ETALLURGY. 1165 (U.S.P. 2,067,046—7, 5.1.37. Appl., [a] 31.8.34,
[b] 29.6.35).—(a) Methods of making a toxic agent, comprising treatm ent of a m ixture of a rosin, a coal- ta r product of the class containing hydrocarbons of the type C14H 10, creosote and its homologues, CsH sN-like substances (<0-5% ), and a caustic are claimed. The suspension of th e agent in H 20 is added to the dil. suspension of the fibres in H 20 .
(b) Various types of fibrous products containing the
toxic agent are claimed. T. W. P.
A rtific ia l lu m b e r . J . V. Ne v i n (U.S.P. 2,078,269, 27.4.37. Appl., 3.4.34).—70—95% of fibrous woody m aterial is bound by 30—5% of an infusible, final condensation product of urea, m-cresylic acid, and C H ,0 and the natural binders present in the wood.
. B. M. V.
M a n u fa c tu re of p la s te r b o a r d . H . O. Ka u f f- m a n n and D. D. Cr a n d e l l, Assrs. to Bu f f a l o El e c t r o-Ch e m. Co., In c. (U.S.P. 2,064,800, 15.12.36.
Appl., 27.1.33).—In malting porous plasterboard which is reinforced by wood-pulp fibres, uniform pore distribution and pore size are obtained by 0 2 evolution from H 20 2 which is dispersed in the pulp during its disintegration. The I I 20 2 is stabilised by m aintaining the pulp suspension a t about ?>n 4-7, and sol. salts of Mn, Fe, Co, etc. are also added as latent catalysts. The pulp is then mixed with plaster and th e m ixture, after making alkaline {pa 7-5—
11-0) w ith NaOH, is formed m to board. The NaOH ppts. the hydrated oxide of tho catalyst, th e particles of which act as nuclei for the evolution of 0„.
D. A. C.
(A) M a n u fa c tu re of [b itu m in o u s w o o d -fib re]
c o m p o sitio n . (B) M a n u fa c tu re of p la s tic m a te r ia l. T. Ro b i n s o n, Assr. to La n c a s t e r Pr o c e s s e s, In c. (U.S.P. 2,072,686—7, 2.3.37. Appl.,
[a] 16.12.35, [b] 29.1.36).—Compositions which are plastic on prep, and become hard on setting, suitable as roofing m aterial etc., are m ade by mixing a fibrous m aterial, H 20 , and asphalt, with CaO or rosin if desired, in a closed mixer in which the fibrous m aterial is disintegrated and sufficient pressure m aintained to prevent the evaporation of the H 20 even if the temp, reaches 100°. Suitable m ixtures are : (a) wood chips 175, H 20 100, CaO 3-5, and oxidised asphalt, m.p.
220—235°, 175 p t s .; (b) shredded waste paper 220, H 20 110, rosin 15, CaO 5, and oxidised asphalt,
m .p. 100°, 220 pts. D. M. M.
S a n d -fa c in g of b ric k s , b u ild in g b lo c k s, a n d th e l i k e . Lo n d o n Br i c k Co., Lt d., G. H. C. Ra c t-
l i f f e, and C. W. D. Ro w e (B.P. 488,278, 3.11.36).
B la s t-ro a s tin g c e m e n t. D ry in g s lu r r y .—See I. E m u ls io n s .—See II . F ib r e b o a rd . W ood- p u lp b o a r d s .—See V. F ire p ro o fin g .—See VI.
S h a p e d e la s tic m a s s e s .—See X III. W ood g lu e.
.A dhesive fo r w o o d etc. S y n th e tic r e s in ad h esiv e.
—See XV.
X . - M E T A L S ; M ET A LLU R G Y, INCLUDING ELECTROM ETALLURGY.
A u s tria n m in in g in d u s tr y . E . Fe r j a n c i c
■(Bergbau, 1938, 51, 131—137, 147— 154).—A review.
Analyses of Fe ores, magnesite, and bituminous and
brown coals are given. R. B. C.
[N eed fo r] m o re in te n s iv e field s tu d ie s fo r la b o ra to ry in v e s tig a tio n s of o re d e p o s its . R . H.
Sa l e s (Econ. Geol., 1938, 33, 239—250).—An
address. L. S . T.
M ix in g a n d its im p o rta n c e in m e ta llu r g ic a l in d u s tr y . E . Be l a n i (Montan. Ruuds., 1938, 30, No. 12, 1— 4).—The principles of machines designed for effecting tho intim ate mixing of powdered m aterials, e.g., ores from which sponge Fe is made,
are discussed. R. B . C.
D e s u lp h u ris a tio n [of iro n o re ] in a M a r tin fu rn a c e . J . Bu l i n a (Chem. Listy, 1938, 32, 243—
246; cf. B., 1930, 1068).—W hen the slag contains
> 4 0 % of CaO, w ith ~ 10% of S i0 2 and 12— 22% of FeO, desulphurisation is complete, bu t with < 4 0 %
of CaO it is insignificant. R. T.
T h e b la s t fu rn a c e . Es t o u r (Chaleur e t Ind., 1938,19, 425—432).—Reactions taking place between Fe oxide and reducing agents and gases in the furnace, the composition of the gases and their distribution in the furnace, slag composition, and the composition of solid and m olten m aterials in tho shaft are discussed.
R. B. C.
T h e b l a s t fu rn a c e a n d its o p e ra tio n . J . G.
We s t (Blast Furn. Steel P lant, 1938, 26, 77—78, 98, 183—185, 208, 290—293, 314, 386—387, 431, 496—
499, 614—615, 627—629).—Tho construction and design of the blast furnace and its auxiliary equipm ent are comprehensively reviewed. R. B. C.
B la s t-fu rn a c e ec o n o m y b y p r e tr e a t i n g th e c h a rg e . K. Gu t h m a n n (Stahl u. Eisen, 193S, 58, 857—865).—I t is shown th a t low-grade German Fe ores can be smelted economically provided they are previously roasted or sintered. M. A.
E fficiency of th e r m a l o p e ra tio n s a n d e q u ili
b r iu m o p e ra tio n s —a p p lic a tio n s to th e b la s t fu rn a c e . L. Gr e n e t (Chaleur et Ind., 1938, 19, 422—424).—Reactions taking place in tho blast furnace, e.g., th e production of the ferrous phase by reduction of Fe oxide by C, and the desulphurisation of the metallic phase, are discussed. R. B. C.
M e ltin g e x p e rim e n ts w ith a c o re le s s s ta n d a r d - fre q u e n c y fu rn a c e . G. Ma r s (Staid u. Eisen, 1938, 58, 833—840, 865—868).—A specially constructed, coreless furnace worked a t the stand ard frequency of the supply network (details of construction are given) was found to be superior to a high-frequency furnace for m elting heavy pieces and large charges, b u t inferior for small charges. The current losses are approx. th e same as in a high-frequency furnace. M. A.
R e fra c to ry p ro b le m s in th e iro n a n d s te e l in d u s try . F . Si n g e r (Iron S te e l In d., 1938, 11, 316—320, 479—482).—A review . R. B. C.
P o u m a y c u p o la c o n tro l i n a D a n is h [iro n ] fo u n d ry . An o n. (Found. Tr. J ., 1938, 58, 404).—
D ata obtained for three cupolas m elting Fe before and after conversion to the Poum ay system show th a t an increased therm al efficiency is obtained in th e converted cupolas as a result of b etter combustion of the coke. Oxidation is also negligible. R . B. C.
R a d ia n t-tu b e a n n e a lin g co v e rs. C. H. Ca r
p e n t e r (Iron Steel Eng., 1938, 15, No. 5, 36— 43).—
Recent types of radiant-tube annealing furnaces and tem p.-control devices are described. R. B . C.
D e s u lp h u ris a tio n of p ig ir o n w ith s o d iu m c a rb o n a te . N. T h e i s e n (Stahl u. Eisen, 1938, 58, 773—779).—0-5% of N a2C 03 will desulphurise pig Fe containing 0-1% of S. Although a higher proportion of Na2C03 will give a greater degree of desulphuris
ation, excess of Na2C 03 is not recommended as th e am ount of S removed is not oc the am ount of N a2C 03 added. Desulphurisation m ay be effected as the m etal rims from the blast furnace, or in the m ixer;
the la tte r m ethod is advantageous since the com
position of the F e is more uniform, th e temp, less variable, and a smaller q uan tity of N a2C 03 is required.
Desulphurisation is accompanied by a drop in the Si content of th e m etal, bu t Mn, P , and C are only slightly affected. The operation is favoured by low tem p., since N a2C 03 decomposes and N a vaporises a t high tem p. The requirements of the steelworks and the fall in tem p, due to the N a2C 03 treatm ent m ust, however, be borne in mind. I f the reaction between the N a2C 03 and th e pig F e is too prolonged S m ay retu rn to th e m e ta l: S i0 2 + N a2S + FeO ->
Na2S i03 + FeS. A reaction tim e of 6— 10 min. is recommended. Increasing Mn content (up to 0-5%) results in greater desulphurisation, bu t a higher Mn content has no beneficial effect. W ith dolomite or magnesite linings the desulphurisation is > when a grog lining is employed. These linings, however, develop cracks very readily. Methods of recovering the N a2C 03 from the slag are given, and the possibility of using the N a2C 03-rich slag in the glass industry is
discussed. M. A.
T e m p e rin g of ir o n c o n ta in in g fe rro u s oxid e.
W. Br o n i e w s k i and S. Ma z g is (Compt. rend., 1938, 207, 342—344).—The mechanical and electrical properties of Armco Fe have been studied in relation to the tem p, of tem pering (500— 1450°). In general, tempering increases the hardness, tensile strength, and electrical resistance, and decreases the work required for breakage, the elongation on breakage, and dissolution e.m.f. Seasoning a t room temp, enhances the effect of tem pering in most cases.
A. J . E. W.
E x tr a c tio n of o xide in c lu s io n s in h ig h -c a rb o n iro n —e le c tro ly tic io d in e m e th o d . I. F. W.
Sc o t t (Met. and Alloys, 1938, 9, 171— 174).—The theories th a t have been proposed to explain tho graphitisation of pig Fe are briefly discussed and methods of analysing for oxide inclusions in ferrous
alloys are outlined. M. A.
E x tra c tio n of o x id e in c lu s io n s in h ig h -c a rb o n iro n —e le c tro ly tic io d in e m e th o d . I I . F. W.
Sc o t t (Met. and Alloys, 1938, 9, 201—206; cf.
preceding abstract).—In order to study the effect of large variations in analysis of F e alloys by this method of extraction, the normal concn. of the various metalloids was exceeded. A series of F e-C alloys, containing Mn, Si, P , and S, was prepared and their oxide contents were determined. The results indicate th a t the metalloids do not give high vals. or wide variations, and th a t different rates of cooling do not
cause any difficulty. I t is concluded th a t the m ethod can bo applied to the study of oxides in foundry Fe w ith reasonable assurance of obtaining reproducible, comparative, and accurate results. Owing to recent small changes and modifications in th e practical details of the extraction process, a brief review of the
latter is appended. P. G. McC.
In g o t m o u ld s . N. H. Ba c o n (Iron Steel Ind ., 1938, 11, 326—331).—D ata obtained by Messrs.
Steel, Peech, and Tozer on factors determ ining the life of moulds are discussed. The ideal ratio of wall thickness to mould wt. is 0-06, and th e best mould thickness is th a t which results in 50% of the mould failures being due to cracking, and 50% to crazing, of th e working face. A statistical stu dy of 1000 moulds showed th a t when the Si content of the mould was — 2% it was advantageous to increase th e Mn content, b u t as the Si was reduced this was no longer true. W ith 1-80% Si addition of 1% of Mn or more increased the life, whereas below 1-60% Si 0-80—0-89% of Mn gave th e b etter results. Other factors affecting mould life arc the design, the stripping tim e and m ethod of stripping, and th e m ixture of haematite and scrap used to m ake th e
mould. R . B . C.
M o u ld in g s a n d , w ith s p e c ia l re fe re n c e to b lin d s c a b s . S. Ca r t e r and A. W . Wa l k e r (Found.
Tr. J ., 1938, 58, 423—428).—D ata on th e tendency of certain moulding sands to produce scabs on F e castings are given. The causes of this defect and m ethods for its elimination are discussed. R. B . C.
R a n d u p s o n p ro c e s s of c e m e n t m o u ld in g [of iro n ]. F. W. Ro w e (Found. Tr. J ., 1938, 58, 520—
526).—The advantages and disadvantages of using S i0 2 sands bonded w ith Portland cement are dis
cussed. Castings m ade by this m ethod are illustrated.
R . B. C.
W h ite c a s t iro n . P. L. Wa r d (Found. Tr. J . r 1938, 58, 441—443).—Cupola and moulding practice for th e production of white-Fe castings, and the effects of various elements in tho F e are discussed.
R. B. C.
M o d e rn m a n u fa c tu re of m a c h in e -to o l [iro n ] c a s tin g s . J . Bl a k i s t o n (Found. Tr. J ., 1938, 59, 3—7).—The properties desirable in cast Fe used for machine tools, m ethods of melting employed, an d running and moulding practice are discussed.
R. B. C.
T ita n iu m in c a s t iro n . E. R . St a r k w e a t h e r
(Trans. Amer. Found. Assoc., 1937, 45, 816—830).—
The use of Ti for deoxidising and grain-refining, and its effect on the physical properties of Fe, are reviewed.
R. B. C.
D iese l-en g in e m e ta ls . R . W . Ma u g h a n (Metal- lurgia, 1938, 18, 123—124).—The quality-im proving properties of Ni on F e castings for engine p arts is- briefly discussed. Reference is also m ade to bearing m etals and some compositions are given.
P . G. McC.
H e a t- tr e a tm e n t of c o p p e r-s ilic o n fe rro u s c a s t
in g s . An o n. (Metallurgia, 1938, 18, 133— 134).—
These alloys require a double treatm ent, viz., (1) heating a t ~925° for some tim e, followed by ra p id cooling to ~590°, and (2) reheating to 760°, followed
Cl. X .—M ETALS; METALLURGY, INCLUD ING ELECTROM ETALLURGY. 1167 by controlled cooling. Details of the furnaces
installed a t the F ord Motor Co.’s works, Dagenham, for this purpose are outlined. P. G. McC.
C a stin g defects [in iro n ]. G. H. Pi p e r (Found.
Tr. J ., 1938, 58, 336).—Conditions tending to the production of gas-, sand-, and slag-holes, and methods of differentiating between th e different types of defect, are discussed. W hen the casting is treated with Cu chloride in aq. ethylene glycol Cu is deposited on the m etal; the sand and slag inclusions are
unaffected. R. B. C.
U se of c a s t- ir o n b o rin g s . A. Pa l m u c c i (Found.
Tr. J ., 1938, 5 8 , 437— 438).—Comparative costs of melting the borings in an electric furnace and in a
cupola are given. R . B. C.
O x id a tio n [of iro n ] a n d a d h e sio n [of e n a m e l].
J . Wh it e (Found. Tr. J ., 19 3 8 , 5 9 , 14— 16).— A
review. R . B. C.
D e te rm in a tio n of a lu m in iu m in c a s t iro n . E.
T a y l o r - A u s t i n (Analyst, 1938, 6 3 , 566—592).—The m ethods of determining Al by pptn. as Al(OH)3 and A1P04, and w ith S-hydroxyquinolino (I), are com
pared critically. The procedure recommended for pptn. with (I) is to dissolve the sample of cast Fe in 10% H 2S 0 4 and ppt. the Al, P , and some of tho F e by
pared critically. The procedure recommended for pptn. with (I) is to dissolve the sample of cast Fe in 10% H 2S 0 4 and ppt. the Al, P , and some of tho F e by