1146. Isolation of 3-M etkylhexane, Z ra n s-1: 2-Dimethyln/cZopentane and l r a n s - 1 : 3- Dim ethylet/e/opentane from Petroleum . A . R . Glasgow’, Jr. B u r . S t a n d . J . B e s .
(ITas/i.), 1940, 24 (5), 5 0 9-529.— The fraction of a m id-continent potroloum, b .p t. DO- 920 C., p reviou sly freed from arom atic hydrocarbons, w as used for th is work.
S ystem atic d istillation of th is m aterial show ed th a t naphtlionic com pounds wero concentrating below’ 90° C., paraffins in th o region 90-91-2° C., and tho volum e of d istilla te fell to a m inim um a t 91-2° C. v ’ith increasing naphthenic content.
T he portion b .p t. 90-91-2° C. w as processed b y azootropic distillation w ith m eth yl alcohol, w hich resolved it into paraffinous and naphthenic concentrates.
F rom tho naphthonic concen trate t r a n s- 1 : 3-dimethylcycZopontano wras isolated b y crystallization from liquid ethane.
Tho fraction b .p t. 91-2-92-2° C. w as thon distilled w ith m eth y l alcohol alternating w ith ordinary d istillation , and Zrans-1 : 2-dimothylci/cZopontuno w as isolated b y crystallization from liquid propano plus m ethane. From th e paraffinic concontrato 3-m othylhexane w as obtained in the residue from distillations a t 315 m m . H g.
Tho b .p t., refractive ind ex, f.p t., density, C /H ratio, and aniline p oin t wore d eter
m ined for tho throe hydrocarbons. R ogarding tho content of n-heptano as 1, th e relativo am oun ts of tho throo hydrocarbons in th is petroleum wero estim ated to bo :
t r a n s- 1 : 3-dimethylcycZopentane 0-21; 3-m ethylhexano 0-25; t r a n s-1 : 2-dim othyl-
cycZopentane 0-31. D . L . S.
1147. Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium. V. Carbon Tetrachloride-Benzene Mixtures.
G. Scatchard, S. E . W ood, and J . M. Mochol. J . A m e r . c h e m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 7 1 2 - 716.-—-This work com pletes tho m easurem ents on binary sy stem s of th e com pounds carbon tetrachloride, cycZohexano, and benzene. A s before (J. A m e r . c h e m . S o c . ,
1939, 61, 3 2 0 6 -3 2 1 0 ; J . I n s t . P e t r o l . , 1940, 26, A bstr. N o. 651) tho vapou r-liqu id
3 7 0 a ABSTRACTS.
equilibrium pressure and com position wero measured a t 40° and 70° C. throughout th e com position rango of carbon tetrachloride and benzono m ixtures, and a t 30°, 50°, and 60° C. for ap p roxim ately oquimolar m ixtures. Tho densities wero m easured a t 25° C. A n alysis o f those results show s slig h t deviation s from corresponding oquations dcrivod from therm odynam ic functions, including tho energy and entropy of m ix in g a t constan t to ta l volum o. A p proxim ate oquations aro derived for tho ternary system
bonzono-cycZolioxano-carbon tetrachloride. R . D . S.
1148. Attempt to Synthesize a Substituted ei/cZo-Octatetraene. S. W awzonok. J . A m e r . c h e m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 745-749.— A n attem p t was m ade to syn th esize s y m . -
dibonzocycZooctatetraono from diphonsuccindene-10 through syni.-dibonzocycZooetano- diono-5, 11, b u t as th e syn th esis could n o t bo com pleted, th e properties of tho cyclic dikotone wore oxam ined and found to bo sim ilar to thoso of open-chained 1 :
5-di-koton es. R . D . S.
1149. Separation o£ the Isom eric H exenes by B atch Fractionation. A .R o s o . J . A m e r .
c h e m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 793-795.— T his paper applies an oxtonsion of tho reasoning of
Sidnoy Y ou ng and of R ayleigh to th e separation of tho isomoric hexenes in an attem p t to arrive a t tho required fractionating efficiency and som o idea of th e results to bo oxpected . Tho com putations show th a t ovon w ith practically to ta l reflux and zero hold-up a t lea st 400 thoorotieal p lates are required to ensure sharp separation of som o
of tho closo-boiling hoxonos. R . 11. S.
1150. Attempted Separation of the Isomeric Hexenes by Fractional D istillation. F. C.
W hitm ore, and others. J . A m e r . c h e m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 795-800.— Tho authors were unable to su b stantiate work on this su bject by Goldwassor and T aylor ( J . A m e r . c h e m .
S o c . , 1939, 61, 1751), w ho em ployed a P odb ieln iak -Sim on s-T aylor colum n, for whereas
tho in vestigation s of Goldwassor and T aylor ind icated separation of six hexenes w ith a to ta l b .p t. rango o f 2'5° C., tho present authors could n ot ob tain separations ovon w ith tw o binary m ixtures of purer hexones of b oilin g ranges of 1-5° C. and 2-7° C., or w ith a ternary m ixtu re havin g a b .p t. spread of 2-7° C .; furthermore, w h ilst tho P od b ieln iak -S im on s-T aylor colum n has an efficiency of on ly abou t Cftcon theoretical p lates, th e calculations in the previous paper show th a t an efficiency of m ore th an 400 theoretical p lates is necessary to effoct separations of tho six hexenes. R . D . S.
1151. Vapour Pressures of Certain Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. A . B . Lam b and E . E . Roper. J . A m e r . c h e m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 8 05-814.— U sin g a doublo-vapour-prossuro apparatus perm itting tho sim ultaneous m easurem ent o f tho vapour pressures of tw o snm plos a t a givon tom poraturo-sotting of a surrounding cryostat, th e authors havo m easured tho vapour pressures of liquid othono, propeno, 2-m othylpropene, 1-buteno, ci.s-2-butono, Zran.9-2-buteno, 1 : 4-pontadiono and 2-m ethyl-2-butono over tho app roxi
m a te rango 10-1000 m m ., anil havo d erived b y th e m eth od of loost squares from thoso results oquations containing threo con stan ts expressing vapour pressure as a function of tem perature ; th e y havo also obtained con stan ts for an em pirical equation for propadiono in tho crystalline phaso by drawing tho b e st lino through tho d ata anil constan ts for tho equation for liquid propadione b y tho least-squares m eth od. From th e em pirical equations for tho vapour prossuro tho authors havo com puted tho boiling p oin ts and tom pcraturo coefficients of tho vapour pressures, and from these, in turn, obtained tho m olecular h eats of vaporization. Gonerally, th e vapour pressures quoted show satisfactory agreem ent w ith tho R a m sa y -Y o u n g rule and tho D iihring rule, especially where in each rulo an additional constan t is introduced. A general equation has boon derived which expresses tho tom peraturo differential of tho vapour prossuro a t tho absolute boilin g p oin t as a function of tho absolu te boiling p oin t. R . D. S.
1152. H alogenation of Unsym m etrical Diphenylethane. F . E . Shoibloy and C. F.
P ru tton . J . A m e r . c h e m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 840-841.— W hen tho product of tho p h oto
chem ical chlorination of 1 : 1-diphenylothano is distilled tho d istilla te consists of unchanged dip henyleth ane, stilbono, and 1 ; l-diphonyl-2 : 2-dichloroothylene. Brom- ination m ixtures, sim ilarly prepared and distilled, give on ly sm all am ounts of
ABSTRACTS. 3 7 1 A I ¡ 1 : 4 : 4-totraphenylbutadione-l : 3 and stilb en e. Owing to its rem arkable sta b ility , 1 : 1-diphenyl-2 ; 2-dichloroethylono requires tho action of alcoholic cau stic potash under pressure a t 150° C. to offoct com plete hyd rolysis. Tho pyrolysis of 1 : 1-di- plionylethano in a silica tubo a t 700° C. givos benzono, toluene, and styren e in sm all
am ounts. It. D . S.
1153. Condensation of Esters w ith Arom atic Hydrocarbons by Means of A lum inium Chloride. J . F . Norris and P . Arthur, Jr. J . A m e r . c h e m . S o c . , 1910, 62, 874—877.—
T his paper presents resu lts of investigation s into tho condensations of m o th y l and otliy l form ate and aeetato w ith benzono and toluono by m oans o f alum inium chloride, w ith reference to tho conditions nocossary to produco alkylation alono or sim ultaneous nlkylation and acylation . I t w as found th a t alk ylation and acy la lio n required a higher tomporaturo than alkylation alono for otliy l a c e t a t e ; a cylation of m oth yl and otliyl formatos could n ot bo offoctod. Tho pyrolitic product of m eth y l a ceta te and alum inium chloride producod m eth y l chloride, and tho residue obtained in a like manner from eth y l aeetato and alum inium chlorido formed acotophonono in 42%
yiold w hen it w as condensed w ith bonzono. Iden tification of tho k eton es formed from m othyl a ceta te w as perform ed b y uso of som o now 4-nitro- and 2 : 4-dinitro-phenyl- liydrazones of 2 : 4- and 2 : 5-, and 3 : 4-dim othylacetophononos propared b y tho
authors. 11. D . S.
1154. 9-M ethyl-3 : 4-Benzfluorene. L. F. Fiosor and LI. M. Josliol. J . A m e r . c h e m .
S o c . , 1940, 62, 957-958.— T his com pound w as synthesizod bocause of tho som ew hat
analogous hydrocarbon 10-m otliyl-l : 2-bonzantliracono being of marked carcinogenic a c tiv ity . 3 : 4-13onzfluoronono-9 w as prepared from l-ph en yl-2 : 3-naphthnlic an- hydrido and tho kotono w as thon condonsod w ith m othyl m agnosium chlorido to a carbinol which gavo tho dosired hydrocarbon o n h eating in acetic acid and shaking
w ith hydrogen and A dam s ca ta ly st. R . D . S.
1155. Synthesis of 2-M ethyl-3 : 4-Benzpkenanthrene. M . S. Now m an a n d LI. M.
Josliol. J . A m e r . c h e m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 972-974.— D irect cyclization of p-benzo- hydrylglutaric acid using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, or ring closure of tho anhydride using alum inium chlorido, gavo 1 : 2 : 3 : 4-totrahydro-4-koto-l-phenyl.2-naphthalone- ocotic acid. Tho reduction of tho koto-group gavo tho hoxaliydro-kotono, w hich, under tho influonco of tho appropriate Grignard roagont, follow od b y dehydration and dehydrogonation, gavo 2-m othyl-3 : 4- and 2 -e th y l-3 : 4-benzplionanthrono. Tho former of those hydrocarbons is very carcinogonically poten t w hen pain ted on tho skin, bu t n o t so a ctiv e w h en appliod by tho injection techniquo. R . D . S.
1156. Low Temperature Dehydrogenations. H . R . T. Arnold, C. Collins, and W . Zenk. .7. A m e r . c h e m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 983-984.— A noto on tho preparation of unsym - motrical bip henyl, terp henyls, e tc ., in 50-70% yiolds b y dehydrogonation of su b sti
tu ted cycZoiiexenes undor reflux w ith chloranil or other quinonos w ith high oxidation
potentials. R . D . S.
1157. V iscosities of Linear Poly-esters. A n E xact Relationship Between Viscosity and Chain Length. P . J . F lory. J . A m e r . c h e m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 1057-1070.— T ho author has measured tho viscosities, donsities, and therm al oxpansion coefficients of linear poly-ostors havin g m olecular w oights ranging from 200 to ovor 10,000,- and finds th a t tho logarithm of th e v isco sity is an e x a ct linoar function of the square root of th e w eight avorago chain len gth or of tho square root of tho woight. avorago molecular w eight according to tho oquations : log n = A C' M j — A + C Z„1, whoro is th e weight' avorago m olecular w'eiglit, Z v tho w eight avorago chain len gth , and A , C ,
and C ' aro constan ts.
Tho relationship betw een v iscosity and woight avorago chain len gth app lies to m ixtures of tw o poly-ostors of low and liigh averago m olecular w oights, r e s p e c tiv e ly ; honco tho author deducos th a t it is independent of tho ty p e of distribution of species in tho polym er. Tho m olecular woight has only a sligh t influonco on tho v is c o s ity - tomporaturo coefficient, so th a t tho relationship betw een v isco sity and woight averago
3 7 2 a ABSTRACTS.
chain len gth , ns woll as tho con stan t C in tho equation, m u st lik ew ise bo independent of tem perature. Tho author concludes th a t tho elem entary procoss of viscous flow m u st con sist eith er of a disp lacem en t of a sm all portion of tho ontiro m oleculo or of a disp lacem en t of tho ontiro m olecule through a com p aratively sm all d is ta n c e ; further
more, su ch a disp lacem en t cannot bo com m ensurate w ith tho sizo of tho m olecules, and tho activ a tio n onorgy for viscous flow m u st bo unconnected w ith m olecular sizo.
T ho equation can bo furt her u sefu lly em ployed to detormino directly tho w eight average m olecular w eight from viscosities of tho poly-esters. R . D . S.
1158. Petroleum B ases. I. R eactions o£ 2 : 3 : 8-Trim ethylquinoline. A . Burgor and L . R , M odlin. J . A t n c r . c h c m . Soc., 1940, 62, 1079-1083.— A stu d y o f th e reactivity of tho 2 and 5 p ositions of tlio quinolino sy stem of th is korosine base. R . D . S.
1159. Redistribution R eaction. V. R jPb Compounds. G. Calingaert, H . A . B e a tty , and H . Soroos. J . Atner. c h c m . S o c . , 1940, 6 2 ,1 0 9 9 -1 1 0 4 .— T he redistribution reaction is p erfectly general for theso com pounds, as d a ta on fourteen sy stem s, both alk y l and aryl, show. Tho effect of su ch factors as tho R groups, ca ta ly sts, c a ta ly st concen
tration , so lv en ts, tem perature, and tim e aro given . R . D . S.
1160. Redistribution R eaction. VI. A lkyl Lead Halides. G. Calingaert, H . Soroos, and I t . Shapiro. J . Am er . d i e m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 1104-1107.— From tlio d a ta presented in th is pap er tho authors confirm th a t w hon trialkyl-lcad halides undergo tho redis
trib ution reaction th e y require no other c a ta ly st than th em selves. S ix sy stem s wero in vestigated , com prising a m ixed trialkyl-lead halide, four trialkyl-lead halide-totra- nlkyl-load sy stem s, a n d ono sy stem of tw o different trialkyl-lcad halides, tho a lk y l groups being m eth y l a nd eth y l. F or sy stem s involvin g o n ly trialkyl-Iead halides tho th eory predicts a random equilibrium m ixtu re of a ll four possible trialkyl-lcad halides ; for sy stem s in volvin g totroalkvl-lcad, tho theory predicts five lead a lk y ls and four trialkyl-lead halides. Theso random oquilibria were confirm ed b y an alysis after
com pletion o f reaction. R . D . S.
1161. Redistribution R eaction. VII. A lkyl Compounds of Mercury, Tin, Silicon, and Zinc. G. Calingaert, II. Soroos, and V. H rizda. ./. -4»icr. c h c m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 110 7 - 1110.— T he results of theso experim ents dem onstrated th at m ercury, tin , and silieon a lk yls undergo th e redistribution reaction in tho sam e w ay as theso com pounds of lead . Sim ilar zinc com pounds, how ever, did n ot react, even w ith c a ta ly sts, su ch as alum inium chloride at tho boiling tem perature (60° C .) ; different conditions and higher tem peratures have not yet been applied. Contrary to previous reports in th e litera
ture, m othylothylm oreury w as found to bo sta b le on d istilla tio n or on stan ding, w hen free front ca ta ly tic am oun ts o f alkyhncreurie cldorido which' causes redistribution.
R . D . S.
1162. Thermodynamics of ti-Heptane and 2 : 2 : 4-T rim etliylpentane, including H eat Capacities, H eats of Fusion, and Vaporization and Entropies. K . S. P itzer. J . A m e r .
c h c m . S o c . , 1940, 62, 1224-1227.— T ho therm al characteristics were in vestigated
betw een 15° and 423° 1C., and tables in tho paper g iv e tho h ea t cap acities in th e solid, liq uid, or gas phase. Tho other properties are :—
n-H eptane. 2 : 2 : 4 -Trimet hylp en tan e.
H eat o f fusion , cnl. per m ole. 3355-S i 4 2201-6 2 H ea t o f vaporization „ „ 7660 + 20 7410 ¿ 2 0 E n trop y ( liq ., 29S-1° 1C.) . . 7S-60 + 0-2 78-40 + 0-2 E n tro p y
(gas,
b .p t.) . . . 111-77 rib 0-3 112-05 i 0-3R . D . S.
1163.’ Temperature o f F lam e Gases. W . T . D a v id . E n g i n e e r i n g . 1940. 149. 241.—
T he calculated and experim en tally determ ined flam e tem peratures for propan e and eth y len e are com pared o v er a range o f m ixtu re stren gth s. T he experim ental d eter
m in ation s w ere th o se b y th e sodium -line reversal m eth od . T h e various possible reasons for th e discrepancies b etw een th e tw o se ts o f valu es are review ed, and i t is
ABSTRACTS. 3 7 3 a
suggested th a t a possiblo reason is th a t tho gas m ixtures wore n o t of uniform com p osition . Tho conclusion is reacliod th a t sodium -line reversal determ inations are un tru stw orthy, and th a t sorao form of wire m eth od (resistance or therm ocouple) is
proforablo. P . D .
1164.* Calculation of Chemical Equilibrium at H igh Pressures. R . H . E w ell. I n d u s l r . E n g n g C h c m . , 1940, 32, 2, 147.— Tho m othods of calculating equilibrium from availab le therm al data aro discussed and their app lication is illustrated by calculations of tho m eth anol syn th esis, tlio hydration of oloiins, and th e production of hydrogen
cyanide from nitrogon and acotylone. P . D.
1165.* Detergents from Kerosine. A . R . P adgott and E . F . D egcring. I n d u s l r . E n g n g C h c m . , 1940, 32, 204.— A korosino fraction boiling a t 95-100° C. (15 m m .) w as chlorinated to give a yiold of 80-90% of m onochloridos. Convorsion of the m on o
chlorides into tho corresponding alcohols w as accom plished b y a procodure essen tially th a t om ployod b y th e Sharpies Solvonts Corporation, tho yiold being abou t 30% . T he alcohols woro th en convcrtod in to tlio corresponding sodium alk yl sulphatos.
Tlio 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and G-dodocanols woro proparod and th o corresponding alk yl su lp hates w ere obtained from t h e m ; sodium lauryl sulp hate w as also prepared from 1-dodecanol.
Tho various sodium alk yl su lp hates woro compared b y m oans of foam te s ts and an intorfacial tonsion to st. T hese te sts indicated th a t tho a b ility to lowor interfacial tension and tho foam value for a giv en chain decroaso progressively from a m axim um for a prim ary to a m inim um for a sym m etrical secondary sodium alk yl su lp hate.
Tlio sodium alk yl su lp liatos prepared from tlio kerosine fraction are inforior to sim ilar com pounds w ith a torm inal polar group w hen assossod b y tho foam and intor
facial tonsion te sts. H . E . T.
1166.* Evaporative Index. G. S. Gardner. I n d u s l r . E n g n g C h c m . , 1940, 32, 226.—
Tho m athem atical derivation of a sim plified M axw oll-Stofan equation is givon for tho rato of evaporation (E ) a t a definite p oin t on a liquid surfaco under con stan t tem pera
ture, pressure, and air flow conditions as E = E ( D 1M p A i)
in w h ich tho group (D 1M p A 1 ) term ed tho ovaporativo indox m ay bo calculated from a know ledge of tho diffusion eooffieiont (D j), tho molocular w eight (iff), and tho vapour pressure of tho ovaporating liquid (;>_,,). For tlio purpose of tho above equation it is sufficient to calculato tho diffusion coefficient from tho m olecular volum e by m eans of tho Gillilund oquation. Tho practical u tility of tho ovaporativo ind ex is dem on
strated b y a com parison botwoon calculated and determ ined valu es of tho rato of evaporation, undor carefully controlled conditions, for a largo num ber of different liquids.
Tho term I C in tho ab ove oquation oquuls whore a is a p roportionality con
sta n t and x tho thicknoss of tho stagn ant film ahovo th e surfaco of tho liquid. B y assum ing th a t x varies as a fu n ction of tlio R eynolds group, it is possiblo to exten d tho sim plified oquation to a p p ly to varyin g conditions of tem perature and pressure.
J . IV. H . 1167.* Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Gaseous Paraffins. A . V. Grosso and V. N . Ip atieff. I n d u s l r . E n g n g C h c m . , 1940, 32, 268.— A ca ta ly tic dehydrogonation process has boon dovoloped for converting norm al and tVobutano, propane and othano into tho corresponding olefins. Tho process consists ossontially in passing the preheated paraffin gasos over a suitablo ca ta ly st. Tho outgoing gases contain olofins and hydrogen besides unroactod paraffin. Tho olofins aro polym erized or used in alkyl- ation reactions, tho liydrogon is soparatod and tho residual paraffins are recycled. A suitablo ca ta ly st for an econom ic proeoss m ust sa tisfy tho follow ing conditions :—
(1) I t m u st havo tho a b ility to selectiv ely sp lit off hydrogen w ith o u t cloavago of C-C bonds.
(2) I t m u st bo easily regenerated w hen foulod b y carbon.
(3) I t m u st havo a com paratively long life.
(4) I t m u st be low-pricod.
3 7 4 a ABSTRACTS.
Tho abovo requirem ents are fulfilled b y selected solid ca ta ly sts containing sm all q u an tities of tho oxid es of tho transition m etals of groups V I (chromium and m olyb denum ), V (vanadium ), and IV (titanium and cerium ) of tho periodic systom , supported on carriers of relatively low a c tiv ity ( e . g . , alum inium and m agnesium ).
U nder proper dehydrogonating conditions over-all conversions of tho paraffin into olefins of 90-95% of thoorotieal wore obtained, and a t th e sam e tim o an eq u al volum o of alm ost pure hydrogen (over 90% ) su itab lo for ca ta ly tic hydrogenations w as pro
duced as a sido-product.
Tho olofins produced woro identified by m olecular w eigh t, boiling p oin t, refractive ind ex, and form ation of tho bromidos.
Tho dopondonco of conversion of paraffins into olofins on spaco v elocity, tem perature,
and ago of ca ta ly st is discussed. H . E . T.
1168.* Benzene and Toluene Isopiestic Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium Data. F. Todd.
I n d u s t r . E r i g n g C h e m . , 1940, 32, 2, 287.— Tho d a ta on th e bonzeno-tolueno system in tho literature is critically exam ined and a tablo givin g tho equilibrium com positions
on boiling p oin ts a t 760 m m . P . D.
1169.* Free Discharge of Fluids through Sm all Circular Orifices. H . L. R oy and N. K . Sen-G upta. I n d u s t r . E n g n g C l i e n t . , 1940, 32, 2, 288.— Experim ents' woro m ade on th e freo discliarge from a largo tan k through orifices ranging from -¿p to | in. in dia- m oter, using w ater and oils w ith viscosities up to 700 contipoisos. Tho R oynolds num bor w as varied from 1 to 105. T ho rosults aro presontod in tabular and graphical
form . P. D .
1170.* Catalytic A lkylation of ¡.soButane with Gaseous Olefins. F . H . B lu n ck and 1). R . Carmody. I n d u s t r . E n g n g C h e m . , 1940, 32, 328.— A lkylation of isobutano a t 1000 lb. per square in ch pressure and a t a tomporaturo of 400° F . has been effoctod w ith tho follow ing olofins, othyleno, propylono, and jsobutylcno, undor tho catalytic influenco o f tho double chlorides of alum inium and alkalic m etals. The doublo com pounds of alkalic halides and alum inium halidos used as c a ta ly sts woro supported on pum ice, w h ich w as shown to h a v e no ca ta ly tic action . Tho alk ylation reaction is accom panied b y a varyin g b u t considorablo am oun t of polym erization and b y oxton- sivo rearrangem ents, leading to tho production of sido products which aro difficult to exp lain by any sim p le theoretical consideration. C atalyst lifo is of sh ort duration, and the rate of d ecay o f th e a lk ylation reaction is greater th an th a t for polym erization.
H igh tem peratures favour alk ylation , bu t a t tho sam o tim o produco a decrease in
ca ta ly st life. H . E . T.
1171.* Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium R elations in Binary System s. IV. B . Ivay. I n d u s t r . E n g n g C h e m . , 1940, 32, 3, 353.— T he P -V -T -a ; relations woro m easured for th e o th an o- n-butano systom over th e entire range up to tho critical. Tho results aro given in graphical and tabular form. Equilibrium constan ts wero dorivod from tho rosults and aro comparod w ith thoso obtainod by calculation. Tho equilibrium constants for eth an e in n-b utan e are comparod w ith thoso for eth an e in n-heptano. P . D .
1171.* Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium R elations in Binary System s. IV. B . Ivay. I n d u s t r . E n g n g C h e m . , 1940, 32, 3, 353.— T he P -V -T -a ; relations woro m easured for th e o th an o- n-butano systom over th e entire range up to tho critical. Tho results aro given in graphical and tabular form. Equilibrium constan ts wero dorivod from tho rosults and aro comparod w ith thoso obtainod by calculation. Tho equilibrium constants for eth an e in n-b utan e are comparod w ith thoso for eth an e in n-heptano. P . D .