Founded by P a u l Revere in 1801
E x e c u tiv e O ffic e s : 2 3 0 P a r k A v e . , N e w Y o r k 1 7 , N . Y .
January 29, 1945
Yes, Magnesium can be welded. . . Easily
Lo w -te m pe ra tu re c h a r , petro leu m c o k e a n d ta m p in g o f coa l c h a r g e in o ven a re u n d e r investigation as a m ea n s t o w a r d effecting further eco no m ies. O v e n s Ore o p e r a t e d on 18-hour cok ing time. Full line of b y -p ro d u cts a re r e c o v e r e d in m o de rn
e q u i p p e d plant
By G . ELDRIDGE STEDMAN
C O N T R A C T fo r th e construction o f a 90-oven b y -p ro d u cts coke p la n t w as signed b y th e K aiser Co. Inc. w ith the K oppers Co. in A pril, 1942. T h e ovens w ere com pleted, a n d h eatin g b y p ro p an e w as sta rte d O ct. 1, 1942— a w orld's re c ord!
C oke a t F o n ta n a is a luxury b ecause of th e cost o f freig h tin g coal b y rail a p proxim ately 800 m iles. T his acknow l
e d g ed econom ic p en alty is com pensated by efficiencies in o th e r p h ases o f th e coking process. T h e com pany is in te n sifying its research to fu rth e r d ev elo p th ese econom ies.
E xperim ents are b ein g co n d u cte d in th e processing o f U ta h coal from such angles as lo w -tem p eratu re char, h o p in g to im prove q u ality a n d re d u c e b reeze.
T his ten d s to p ro d u c e a g re a te r y ield of blast furnace coke an d low er coal re
qu irem en ts p e r ton of p ig iron.
W o rk is going o n in a n extensive range 84
to im prove tire coking process. Am ong the considerations a re th e disposal of ad d itio n al by-products, from low -tem p e ra tu re c h ar distillation, p articu larly lo w -tem p eratu re tar. T h o u g h “h ig h - tem p e ra tu re ta r” operators say this tar is off-grade, a larg e E astern railro ad is n ow using it. Plastics, creosote oil, fu el oil a n d p itc h offer som e opp o rtu n ity for disposal o f this lo w -tem p eratu re tar.
A n o th er consideration u n d e r long- range investigation is th a t o f p etro leu m coke. T his raw m aterial is im m ediately available a t low fre ig h t rates a n d a re a sonable price. I t has possibilities of b e ing d eveloped into a m etallurgical q u ali
ty coke.
Som e consideration has b e e n given to ta m p in g th e coal ch arg e in th e oven as a m eans of im proving coke quality, b u t th e tam p in g p ro b lem is too severe in relatio n to tim e, Labor, m echanics, an d oven size. A n o th er possibility arises
T h ese tw o batteries of 45 ovens each, provide co ke fo r th e 1200- ion stack o f Kaiser Co. Inc.,
Fontana, Calif.
from th e fo u n d ry coke m ark et of the Pacific Coast, b u t th is h as the hazard of com petition from b allast imports. Its C hicago p rice is n o w $22 p er ton de
livered a t F o n tan a, w hile b efo re the war G erm any w as laying it dow n on the W est C oast a t $8 , sh ip p in g it as ballast.
U pon arrival a t F o n tan a, th e coal from the com pany’s Sunnyside, U tah, mines is track -h o p p ered an d carried by continu
ous b e lt to th e m ain coal bins, or to th e 20,000-ton stock pile.
A 50-50 m ix o f n ew ly arrived and stocked coal is u sed , since excessive ag
ing is d e trim e n ta l to th e coke struc
tu re. T h e 20,000-ton stock p ile is com
p letely ro ta te d in less th an 60 days. Coal goes to stock b y continuous b e lt and the reclaim ing b e lt is lo ad ed b y tracto r crane.
N ew coal is sp lit into tw o streams be
fo re th e stocking b elt, one" stream being joined b y stock coal re tu rn in g from stock an d th e o th e r stream flowing to stock.
T he coal is h a n d le d b y equipm ent hav
ing a 250 tons p e r h o u r capacity.
T h e b len d of n e w a n d stock coal trav
els th ro u g h a B radford break er, r e m o v i n g
b o n e a n d slate refuse, a n d is then c a r r i e d
b y continuous b e lt to th e hammer-min fo r final cru sh in g — such th a t a t least 50
/ T E H
-p r o t e c t i o n
O N V E N IE N C E
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n
10 Stylo®
l Prices
Cont-a r o b l e t o C o n v e n tio n a l
f s e k f l;
Ihsf'i««*-..-Q y a n tH y ti : Col®1, M
T O D A Y ’S B E S T ’’ B U Y ” I N C A R B I D E S
C ^ R B O L O Y C O M P A N Y , I N C . • 1 1 1 4 1 E. 8 M I L E B L V D . • D E T R O I T 3 ! , M I C H I G A N C h i c a g o , C l o v . l a n d , H o u s t o n , L o t An g o l a » , M i l w a o k o o , N o w a r k , P k 11 a d 11 p h I a , P i t t s b u r g h , T h o r a a i t o n , C o n n .
January 29, 1945 85
f
( T o p to b o tto m )—
Booster b u ild in g in left background a nd gas holder in center
B y-p ro d u cts plant show ing a m m onium sulphate b u ilding in left background, saturators a n d g as booster b u ild in g in central background, tar cooling appar
a tu s in central foreground, a nd a m m o n iu m liquor cooling coils in right foreground General view o f b en zo l plant in b y-p ro d u ct area
p er cen t of it w ill pass a Mi-incH screen.
By continuous b elt, it th en moves to the 1800-ton m ain storage bin, whose three sections have six row s o f three bottom- slide gates for d ischarge into the charging larry. E ach ro w is autom atically opened fo r gravity flow into die diree larry hop
pers. T his ch arg e w eighs 14.4 tons. At norm al op eratin g schedule the individual ovens a re ch arg ed an d pushed at 12- m inute intervals th ro u g h d ie 24 hours, fo r a to tal of 120 ovens p e r day.
T h e ovens consist of tw o batteries of 45 ovens each of K oppers-B ecker under
je t com bination type, capable of using eith er coke oven o r blast furnace gas.
T h ey are of the low differential type with arrangem ents fo r autom atic internal hot w aste-gas recircu latio n to assure best vertical heating.
R ecirculation of w aste gases insures u niform tem p eratu re from bottom to top o f , both th e Hue an d coal charge. Re
circulation is used w h en underfiring with coke gas only, a n d is n o t used with B .t.u. blast furnace gas. Oven dimen
sions are as follows:
Width
O ven ch am b er—p u s h e r side . . 13"
O ven cham ber-—coke side . . . . lo% "
O ven ch am b er— average . . . . 14%"
O ven tap er ... 2%"
O ven capacity ... 576cu.ft.
C e n te r to cen te r of ovens . . . . 3' 7W L en g th
Inside of oven d oor lining . . . 40' 5%"
F ace to face of brickw ork . . . 43' 2%"
In sid e of g enerators i . .4 1 ' 4%'' H eig h t
O ven floor to oven r o o f 13' 0"
O ven roof to top of h a tte r)' . . . 3 ' 8%"
T o p o f oven p a d to o v en floor 12' 1"
T o p o f oven p a d to top of b a t
tery ...: . .2 8 ' 9%"
T he ovens have gas offtakes a t each end, w hich lead into d u al collecting mains on each b attery . T hese d u al m ains unite into a com m on suction m ain leading to the b y -p ro d u c t d ep a rtm e n t. Oven roofs have th ree charging holes, a n d the ovens h a v e self-sealing doors. T he latest-type p u sh e r m ach in e p erform s three functions
— rem oval of p u sh e r side door, leveling o f coal ch arg e a n d pushing coke after carbonization is com pleted. Equipment includes tw o coke-side d oor machines w hich rem ove an d replace d ie coke-side doors. T hese carry' a coke guide, to c o n d u ct th e h o t coke across the coke- side ben ch , a n d into th e quenching car.
M oving along th e to p of the batteries to th e p ro p e r oven (from which the charg in g lids have b een removed), -the 14.4-ton charge o f coal in d ie larry flows by gravity th ro u g h th e th ree charging holes; approxim ately 10 p e r cen t of the last of th e coal is leveled in the oven by the leveling bar. T his leveling is th ro u g h a chuek-door at* tire-to p of the pusher-side o.ven door.
D u rin g ch arg in g , steam is ejected through jets in th e tw o gas standpipes, creatin g a p a rtia l v acuum on the oven pro p er, thus m aking th e process smoke
less. T h e larry th en is rem oved, chuck- d o o r closed, oven lids replaced, stand
p ip e steam sh u t off, a n d carbonization begins. T h e ch arg e rem ains in the oven
86 / T E E L
-INSPECTS aOQ% FASTER THAN FORMEE METHODS"
J o n * * & l a m i o n O p t i c a l C o m p a r a t o r w i t h 3 0 " d i a m . s c r e e n . P h o to c o u r te s y T h e J . C . U lm e r C o m p a n y * C l e v e l a n d , O h i o .
V