Training and wide experience equip the Pennsalt M an to solve a broad range o f problems in the metalworking industries.
This includes not only cleaning and finishing processes, but also problems concerning cor
rosion, and corrosion-resistant,construction.
I f you have a corrosion headache, w hy not ask the Pennsalt M an’s advice?
The P e n n sa lt M a n Is trained to help y o u p r o -
T H E
E N
"Maybe we shoulda got a Fluor Cooling Tower* after all.”
*The surest way to satisfaction is to specify
Fl u o rCooling Towers to begin with. You’re always sure with
Fl u o r.F L U O R
G 1 N E E R S • M A N U F A C T U R E R S • C O N S T R U C T O R S
C O R P O R A T I O N , L T D . , 2 5 0 0 S o u t h A t l a n t i c B o u l e v a r d , L o s A n g e l e s 2 2 , C a l i f . N E W Y O R K . P IT T SB U R G H . K A N S A S C IT Y . H O U S T O N . T U L S A . B O S T O N
ACID RESISTANCE
HEAT RESISTANCE
A S K FOR F IB E R G L A S IN Y O U R N E W M O T O R S — A N D O N Y O U R N E X T R E W I N D S
>,
O W E N S - C O R N I N G
F i b e r g l a s
u*, ti a. <*&. >ai o**
It’s worth plenty, if efficient, de
pendable operation of electrical equipment is important to your business— if moisture, oil, heat, overload, corrosive acids and va
pors and human carelessness or inexperience represent hazards that can throw expensive machinery out of service or cause costly delays.
Fortunately, the cost of added protection against the penalties frequently imposed by these con
ditions is slight— far less than the penalty imposed by failures that can be avoided. For the advantages of High-Safety-Factor Insulation can be added at only a small frac
tion of the cost of the equipment.
That’s why the swing is to Fiber
glas Electrical Insulation Materials
F ib e rg la s is the trade n a m e fo r th e se electrical in s u la t io n m a te ria ls a n d m a n y other p ro d u c ts m a d e fro m fine, stro n g, p lia b le , m o istu re a n d h eat-re sistant, a g e le s s g l a s s fibers.
August, 1946
s\ 4
%
MOISTURE RESISTANCE
OVERLOAD STAMINA I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
— why so many engineers, produc
tion executives and maintenance men are insisting on Fiberglas In
sulation for the equipment they buy and for their maintenance work.
Get complete information about this better electrical insulation material— write for your copy of
the folder “ Are your motors a good insurance risk?” The names of the Distributors serving your locality will also be furnished, if you desire.
Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corpora
tion, Department 951, Toledo 1, Ohio. Branches in principal cities.
In Canada: Fiberglas Canada L td., Toronto, Ontario
A N I N T E R M E D I A T E
in d y e stu ff s y n t h e s is
o r t h o - A m i n o b i p h e n y l , T e c h n i c a l
(also known as 2-aminobiphenyl, ortho- aminodiphenyl, and 2-aminodipheny[)
N H „ 1 2
O - C D
Mol. W f. 169 .22
S T A N D A R D F O R M : C a st S o lid S P E C I F I C A T I O N S :
P u rp lis h c ry s ta llin e m a s s
C r y s t a lliz in g p o in t 4 7 .0°C . m in.
A s s a y 9 4 . 5 % m in.
D istilla tio n ra n g e First d ro p 9 5 % (1 -9 6 m l) D r y point
2 9 5 . 0°C. m in.
8.0°C. m a x . I 3 10.0°C. m a x .
O T H E R M O N S A N T O I N T E R M E D I A T E S
B en zen e Su lfo n ic A cid , Technical
Ben zoic A c id , Technical Benzotrichloride Ben zyl C h lo rid e C y d o h e x y la m in e 2,5-D ich lo ro anilin e 2.4-D ich Io ro ph e n ol D ic y d o h e x y la m in e 2.4-D initroan iline 2.4-D in itroc h Iorob e n ze n e m eta-C hlo roan ilin e m e ta-N itroc h lorob e n ze n e nitro-D ichloroben zen e o rth o -A m in o b ic yd o h e xyl,
Refined ortho-An isidin e ortho -Ch lo ro anilin e o rtho -Ch lo ro p he no l ortho -N ifro anilin e o rtho -N itrobiph en yl,
Technical
orth o -N itroch lo ro b e n ze n e ortho-Phenetidin
o rtho-Vanillin
( 2 - H y d r o x y - 3 - M e t h o x y B e n z a ld e h y d e , Technical) o rt h o -V e ra t ra ld e h y d e
(2, 3 -D im e th o x y Ben zal- d e h y d e . Technical) p a ra -A n is id in e p a ra -C h lo ro a n ilin e p a ra -C h lo ro p h e n o l p a ra -N itro c h lo ro b e n z e n e p a ra -N itro p h e n o l p ara -P h e n e tid in p a ra -T o Iu e n e su lfo n a m id e para-T o lu e n e su lfo n
yl-chloride Phenol, U.S.P.
Phenol Sulfon ic A cid , 6 5 % a n d 7 0 % P ho sp h orou s O x y c h lo rid e Pho sph orou s Trichloride Phthalyl C h lo rid e Sa lic ylic A c id , Technical Sod iu m B en zoate, Technical Thiourea
Toluenesulfonlc A c id , 9 4 %
U se d a s a n inte rm e diate in d ye stu ff syn - thesis, M o n s a n t o 's o rth o -A m in o b ip h e n y i, Technical, a ls o fin d s a p p lic a tio n s in the synthe sis o f ru b b e r products. It is spe cifi
c a lly used in m a k in g p h ena nthridine d e r iv a tives, q uino line ye llo w , a n d c a rb a z o le . S a m p le s w ill b e p ro m p tly furnishe d fo r y o u r e xp e rim e n ta l use. C o n ta c t the n e a r
e st M o n s a n t o D istrict O f f ic e , o r w rite:
M O N S A N T O C H E M I C A L C O M P A N Y , O r g a n ic C hem ica ls D ivision, 1 7 0 0 South S e c o n d S t r e e t , S t . L o u is 4 , M is s o u r i.
District O ffice s: N e w Y o rk , C h ic a g o , B o s
ton, Detroit, Cincinnati, C harlotte, Birm ing
ham , Los A n g e le s, S a n Francisco, Seattle, M o n tre a l, Toronto.
August, 1946 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 65
Incendiary Development. The first article in this month’s issue is both a historical and a technical presentation— a rare combina
tion. L. F. Fieser and co-workers describe the pioneering in
vestigations leading to the development of the jellied gasoline incendiaries that wreaked such devastation on enemy areas in salvaged readily from the compounded mixture.
More Work for Molds. -Except that they have a rather vague idea of some relation existing between the blue spots in Roquefort cheese and mold, many people consider this primitive form of life as useless, distasteful, or harmful. The miracle of penicillin has done much to change that attitude. Now Erb and Hilde- brandt reveal another job— an industrial one— that molds will do for man. They used it successfully as a starch-saccharifying agent in the production of ethyl alcohol from wheat. Small scale, pilot plant, and plant demonstration tests are reported.
The method described was brought to a practical stage because of the wartime shortage of the malt normally used for this purpose and because of the large demand for industrial alcohol for syn
thetic rubber. Some malt is used in the mold process, but the proportion is only one fifth of the previous requirement. Fermenta
tion efficiency by the new method was 91.2% in a plant unit, almost midway between the theoretical maximum and the 84%
of conventional methods. Rhizopus boulard and Rhizopus delemar are the molds that share with the authors the credit for this achievement.
Clear Sisht in the Tropics- An excellent reason why thoughts of molds usually bring no pleasurable associations is suggested in a paper by R. E. Vicklund, of the U. S. Army Engineer Board.
His article, which is the second one in this issue, describes the successful development of radium-containing foil to prevent fungus fouling of optical instruments. This problem was par
ticularly serious in the tropics during the war. Some additional information on the story behind this achievement is contained in the I. & E. C. Reports “ Fungicides” and “ Phosphor Facts” , which appeared in the July issue (advertising section, pages 10 and 16). As stated there, a chance discovery led to the develop
ment. Vicklund has been officially commended by the Army for his part in the work.
Better Rules for P, V, and T. A family of three papers on pressure-volume-temperature relations for real gases is con
tributed to the issue by Su and fellow authors. We do not recommend them for the dilettante (this being somewhat in the nature of a confession), but those who seek the true interrelation between these primary variables of physical chemistry should
■ find the effort of reading the articles well worth while. The first paper proposes a modification of van der B aals’ equation of
corresponding states. The accuracy of the modification is such that the average deviation from experimental measurements on seventeen gases is less than 3 % up to nearly the critical density.
The second article presents a generalized equation of state con
taining three constants, as contrasted to the two in the first paper. For this additional constant the validity of the equation is extended to about twice the critical density, and the average deviation is reduced to within 2 % . The third article proposes modification of the law of corresponding states by substituting a term, called the ideal critical volume, for the critical volume term of present equations. The improved accuracy is shown for various equations of state when the substitute term is used.
A fourth paper on the same general subject appeared in the June Journal o f the American Chemical Society. It presented a generalized Beattie-Bridgeman equation of state for real gases with an average deviation of 2 % or less up to nearly the critical density. Compressibility data are reproduced with a high degree of accuracy up to the critical density.
Marine Paints— III. The third installment appears this month in a series on antifouling paints by Ferry and co-workers, of the impermeable matrix. Limiting proportions of the toxic com
ponent for proper action are determined and explained.
Clarifying Emulsion Problems. Meissner and Chertow apply some sound reasoning in devising a system for speeding up the separation of emulsions containing no surface active agents.
Results are too variable to permit reporting in any way other than qualitatively, but the method is thoroughly effective as a practical tool. Results were usually quite good when the dis
persed phase was a polar compound, whereas dispersed nonpolar components ordinarily were not recovered satisfactorily.
High Alloy Steels are taken up in Brown’s column. As for greater efficiency in wood utilization. Management- Technical Coordination Techniques are discussed by von Pechmann, who suggests clear outlining of responsibilities and effective follow-up procedure tp produce the desired results.
d a t e
C
a r b i d e a n dC
a r b o nC
h e m i c a l sC
o r p o r a t i o n Ijnit o f Union Carbide and Carbon CorporationQ H 3
30 East 42nd Street, New York 17, N. Y.
S Y N T H E T I C O R G A N IC C H E M IC A L S
C O M P O U N D S DO THESE J O B S W E L L
1 robber mold "release”
W h e n dilute a q u e o u s solutions o f Carbowax co m p o u n d s a r e used a s m o l d l u b r i c a n t s , th ere is a minimum o f ca r b o n b u ild -u p . The
cured articles a r e e a sily r e le a s e d from the m o ld .