Developing a communication strategy

The project communication strategy needs to cover at least the following main sections:

 objectives

 target groups

 messages

 activities

 time plan

 budget

 evaluation

The project partners need to think about what needs to be done to persuade their stakeholders (and target groups) to change their behaviour and help push for a specific policy change. The selection and timing of the activities, carrying the right project messages to carefully selected target groups, constitutes the communication strategy.

What objectives should be set?

Communication needs to be goal-driven. We communicate to achieve or change something; therefore it is important to define communication objectives properly in advance. It is important to make a difference between the project objectives and communication objectives, but the former determine the latter.

The starting point is to understand and define what the project partners want to achieve by participating in the project. What policies do the partners want to improve and make more efficient? Then they should develop project-specific communication aims. What do they need to communicate that will help them bring about the policy improvement?

The project objective describes the project’s intended and direct outcomes – what can be directly attributed to the effect of the project: for example an updated transport strategy promoting electric vehicles or adoption of a new funding tool supporting young innovators.

The communication objectives describe how communications can help deliver the project aims.

Communication objectives for policy-learning projects can be often linked to:

 raising awareness

 changing behaviour or mind-set

 disseminating knowledge

Remember that Interreg Europe projects aim to change policy, so actions to change behaviour may focus on the policymaker. Any actions relating to implementing the policy change are beyond the scope of Interreg Europe.

At the same time, it is not sufficient for a project to define its objectives as “to raise awareness” or “to communicate our activities and results”. Communication objectives need to be SMART, which stands for clearly defined, detailed, achievable and measurable.

A SMART objective for the project in general can be, for example:

"Increase rate of business creation among young people in participating regions by 15% on average by 2019 through modifying policy instruments addressing the issue."

A communication objective such as this can follow:

“Persuade policymakers that youth entrepreneurship remains a political priority (sign action plan detailing willingness to implement change – 4 signed by 2017).”

S – Specific among young people/ youth entrepreneurship M – Measurable increase by 15% on average/ 4 action plans signed

A – Appropriate through modifying policy instruments/ by persuading policymakers R – Realistic increase rate of business creation/ sign the action plans

T – Timed by 2019/ by 2017

Its ultimate goals could be to inform public policy on a particular topic, to change the opinion of certain stakeholders or to raise public awareness about a specific issue.

In addition, it is necessary to distinguish between internal and external communications objectives. Both need to be addressed: communication between the partners as well as communication which is targeted at stakeholders outside the project partner organisations or at the general public.

The programme also expects the partnership to approach the two phases of the project differently in terms of communication:

 During the first phase, the communication strategy should focus on informing and involving all the relevant stakeholders that can help the project to successfully improve the selected policy instruments and programmes.

 During the second phase, project communication should follow the implementation of the action plans and inform others about it. Near the end of the implementation monitoring phase, the project should present all the achievements at an event with high-level political participation to illustrate policymakers’ active involvement in the project's work.

Care should be taken not to set too many objectives, or to risk overreaching with communication ambitions.

Identify your target groups

The key audiences with which the project needs to communicate are called ‘target groups’. These groups all have different characteristics and needs. To be effective, it is important to know precisely who the project needs to address and to think about the target groups every time the project communicates.

How to define target groups?

Target groups can easily be identified by developing a list of important people and organisations that need to know about the project and its work. All partners should be included in this brainstorming exercise!

Examples of well-defined target groups could be “politicians and public officials dealing with innovation management”, “regional business support organisations”, and “public transport authorities”. However,

“EU”, “politicians”, and “academic institutions” are not specific enough. EU regulations insist on project beneficiaries’ communication with the 'citizen' or the 'general public' (EU Regulation No 1303/2013 Annex XII, Article 2). It is necessary to be specific about who this really is in a particular project, e.g.

“young unemployed people under 26”; “households using renewable energy sources” etc. Finally, the media should not be considered to be a target group; they are a tool for conveying the project messages to the final audience.

The list of different target groups may be quite long, so performing an analysis will help in prioritising whom to target. Using a tool like the ‘stakeholder analysis’ grid (see figure below), the projects can plot the different audiences according to their current level of engagement/ interest in the issue tackled by the project, and their ability to influence the outcome of the project. The project needs to focus attention on those groups in the 'Key Players' segment of the template, and aim to engage further those who have a high influence on the project outcomes.

Tailor messages

Different target groups are reached using different tactics and different media. Messages need to be tailored to be appropriate for different target groups: what is relevant to local policymakers might not interest the general public. A good message will be immediately appealing to its target group: the wording should be carefully crafted so as to stand out from everything else that is competing for their attention.

At the same time, it is important to keep things clear and simple. The programme recommends no more than three messages at any time, otherwise the audience will suffer from an ‘information overload’ and fail to grasp any of the ideas communicated. Instead, to multiply the effect, it is better to send a few messages from different sources and on different occasions.

Messages can be in a form of a statement, idea or assertion: for example:

 “(x) is a problem and (y) is the solution.”

 “Project (x) enables (stakeholders) to cooperate on improving (y).”

 “The work of project (x) is valuable because (y) and (z).”

 “(stakeholders) must share solutions on the issue of (x) because …”

 “(x) must take action on the issue of (y), otherwise (z) will happen.”

Activities

What means should be used to transmit a particular message to a given target group? Is a brochure, conference, or video the best way to reach the target group? The partners should list the preferred or most appropriate communication channel for each of the target groups. Several channels will probably be suitable for the project’s communication needs.

Activities may include a newsletter, a large conference, networking lunch, workshop, email alerts, press release, website, promotional literature, regional seminars, etc. The project has to include in the communication plan activities which are defined at programme level – project website, promotional poster, etc. (further defined in section 8.1.2 below).

The programme has a strict approach to producing promotional ‘gadgets’ or ‘giveaways’. Only communication material specifically required for reaching one of the defined target groups and objectives may be produced. Such publicity material needs the prior approval of the joint secretariat.

Time plan

The project needs to develop an indicative time plan detailing when certain communication activities would best be carried out based on the project's overall milestones. This goes then to part D - Work plan of the application form. A smart combination of such activities with appropriate timing should help achieve the overall project objective of improving selected policies.

Budget

The budget for communication activities also needs to be planned in the application phase. The partners should go through all the planned activities and consider whether they are able to organise everything with their own staff or whether the expertise of an external service provider is needed. If the project chooses to contract external experts, this needs to be reflected in the 'External expertise and services' budget line. When budgeting for activities, the projects need to think about the costs of the selected activities and the benefits they bring to the project, as well as their added-value with respect to the other communication activities planned.

Evaluation

It is important to put tools in place to measure the impact of the different communication outputs and results, and to potentially improve the effectiveness of the communication strategy. This will enable project partners to propose effective result indicators and to measure them throughout the project lifetime. A certain number of indicators are pre-defined at programme level (see section 4.3.2) and they need to be reported through each progress report.

The programme recommends projects design their own communication indicators, based on their specific communication objectives, to be monitored internally by the communication manager.

Evaluation of such internal indicators will allow the partners to assess whether the selected communication approach and activities bring about the intended results and whether they help the project to reach its goals. Tips and advice on various evaluation methods will be provided by the programme.

The progress of the communication strategy will be one of the topics discussed during a mid-term project review, a meeting with the joint secretariat near the end of phase 1 (see section 6.2.3 on monitoring). Projects should be in a position to present to what extent their communication strategy is having an impact on project implementation or what corrective action has been taken to improve the strategy.

Summary for the application form

Once the communication strategy has taken shape, it will become an important part of the application form. Section C.5 of the application form requests a brief description of the communication strategy, along with an overview table with a list of communication objectives, related target audiences and planned activities, which should be taken from the project’s communication strategy document. The programme expects one SMART objective per line in the communication strategy overview table, with its corresponding target group(s) and most relevant activities planned to reach this objective. One of the objectives will also cover internal communication within the project partnership.