940.* Rumania’s Internal Consumption of Petroleum Products.
A n o n . M o n it. P itr . ro u m ., 1940,41,
189-196.— R u m a n ia ’s o w n c o n su m p tio n of p e tro le u m p ro d u c ts is ta b u la te d for e a c h of th o to n y e a rs 1930-1939. I n 1939 th o hom o c o n su m p tio n w as 1,784,750 to n n o s (o u t o f a to ta l p ro d u c tio n of 5,962,321 to n n es), c o n sistin g of : lig h t gasolino 134,228 ; h e a v y gaso lin e 29,353 ; korosino 193,903 ; ga3 oil 126,836 ; sp ecial fuels 133,264; h e a v y fuol 1,077,235; lu b ric a tin g oil 2 5 ,2 5 3 ; a s p h a lt 4 5 ,3 4 8 ; w a x 3 8 1 4 ; a n d coko 15,516.T h o in crease in c o n su m p tio n fro m 1,674,046 to n n e s in 1938 is s h a re d b y a ll p ro d u c ts w ith th o e x ce p tio n s of h o a v y s p ir it a n d coko, b o th of w hich re g is te r d eclin in g c o n su m p tio n .
O ver th e te n y e a rs figures re c o rd e d th e m o s t n o ta b le in cre ase h a s b o en t h a t of a s p h a lt. I n 1930 o n ly 6701 to n n e s of th is p ro d u c t woro c o n su m ed , a g a in s t 45,348 to n n e s in 1939. T h is re p re se n ts 577 % in crease, c o m p ared w ith o n ly 4 2 % in cre ase in th o g ra n d to ta l co n su m p tio n .
F u r th e r ta b le s illu s tr a te th o a m o u n t of ea c h p ro d u c t c o n trib u te d to hom o co n s u m p tio n b y m o s t o f th o oil co m p an ies o p e ra tin g in R u m a n ia , a n d also th o a m o u n ts c o n su m ed b y thoso com panies for th o ir ow n uso. T . C. G. T .
947.* Developments in the Prices of Rumanian Petroleum Products During 1939.
A n o n . M o n it. P itr . roum ., 1940,
41,
123-130.— T lio g ra d u a l in crease in th o p rices co m m a n d ed b y e x p o rte d R u m a n ia n p e tro le u m p ro d u c ts d u rin g 1939 show s a r a p id in crease d u rin g th o c ritic a l m o n th s of th e su m m er. M o to r s p ir it in p a r tic u la r show ing m oro t h a n 100% in crease b e tw e e n M arch a n d D ecem ber.T h o p rices aro closely a n a ly se d a n d d iscu ssed in re la tio n to th e flu c tu a tio n of th e A m e ric an p rices a n d to th o in te rn a tio n a l s itu a tio n . T h o a rtic le c o n sists la rg e ly of ta b le s of p rice s w h ich sh o u ld bo c o n su lte d . T . C. G. T.
3 0 2 a A B S T R A C T S .
948. Survey oi Fuel Consumption at Refineries in 1938.
G. R . H o p k in s. U .S . B u r.M in e s , R ep . In v e st. 3485, D ec. 1939.— A cco rd in g to th is r e p o rt th o av erag o a m o u n t of h o a t u n its re q u ire d to refine a b a rre l of c ru d e oil ro se fro m 562,000 B .T .U . in 1937 to 567,000 B .T .U . in 1938. T h is in crease w a s duo chiefly to th o d ecline in to ta l ru n s to s tills . A d d itio n a l erudo ru n s givo low er avorago h o a t re q u ire m e n ts b e c a u se th o y involvo c o m p a ra tiv e ly sm a ll a m o u n ts of a u x ilia ry h e a t a n d also b e ca u se th o y re p re s e n t sim plo to p p in g a rra n g e m e n ts. T h u s i t is t h a t th o declin e of 1-6% in c ru d e ru n s to s tills in 1938 reflected o n ly a n 0-4% d ecreaso in to ta l h e a t c o n su m p tio n . T ho ris e in avorago h e a t re q u ire m e n t p e r b a rre l m ig h t also bo p a r tly e x p la in e d b y th o fa c t t h a t tho a g g re g a te y ield of co m p lex p ro d u c ts re q u irin g m o ro o p e ra tin g s te p s to p ro d u ce in c re a s e d in 1938 b y a b o u t 1 % . I n s p ite , how ever, of th o influence of c ru d e ru n s o n av o rag o b e a t re q u ire m e n ts , tlicro w a s n o te d d e fin ite im p ro v e m e n t in firing efficiency, d u e to in creased uso of h c at-o x clian g o rs, th o d e v e lo p m en t of c o m b in a tio n u n its , a n d tb o tr e n d fro m solid to gaseous fuels. H . B . M.
3 0 3 a
3 0 4 a B O O K R E V I E W .
b u lk , a d e ta ile d d iag ra m of a c e n tra l oil-storngo liouso is giv en a n d o th e r m ea n s of sto ra g e a re discussed.
T hoso p o rtio n s of th is b o o k w h ic h w ill a p p e a l m o s t to th o e n g in eer a re, first, C h a p te r I X , w h ich d eals w ith oiling a n d g reasin g a p p lia n ce s co m m en cin g w ith th e sim p io oil-cup a n d groaso-gun, a n d lead in g u p to th o m o s t c o m p lic a te d m e th o d s of lu b ric a tio n for a ll ty p o s of m acliin o ry a n d p la n t, a n d also C h a p te rs X I I - X V I , w h ic h to g o th o r fill p ra c tic a lly h a lf of th e volu m e.
I n tho so la te r c h a p te rs aro to b e fo u n d d e sc rip tio n s of th o a rra n g e m e n t a n d c o n s tru c tio n of s te a m onginos a n d tu rb in e s , in te rn a l-c o m b u s tio n e n g in es, com- p re sso rs a n d re frig e ratio n m a c h in e ry , as w oll a s th e ir lu b ric a tio n p ro b lem s, su ch a s is ra re ly m e t w ith in su c h d e ta il in tec h n ic a l b o oks of th is c h a ra c te r. I n w ritin g of th o in te rn a l a n d e x te rn a l lu b ric a tio n of s te a m enginos, th o a u th o r h a s d e a lt fu lly w ith th o v a rio u s m e th o d s a n d dev ices, w h ich d o p e n d o n h e a t, p ro ssu ro , c en trifu g a l force, a b so rp tio n , baffling, a n d filtra tio n , fo r th o p u rp o se of se p a ra tin g oil fro m s te a m a n d c o n d o n s a to ; a s u b je c t w hich, a lth o u g h i t m a y sc a rc e ly b e classified u n d e r th o h e ad in g of lu b ric a tio n , is, n e v e rth e le ss, tlio d ire c t re s u lt of e sse n tia l lu b ric a tio n , a n d is of o x tro m o im p o rta n c e to th o s te a m ongineor.
T h o v a rio u s m o th o d s of lu b ric a tio n of in te rn a l-c o m b u s tio n enginos aro d e a lt w ith fu lly a n d tlio cycles of o p e ra tio n s a n d th o ty p o s of fuols aro also ta k e n in to c o n sid era tio n . F in a lly th e causo of rin g stic k in g , b low -by, c y lin d e r w e ar a n d rin g w o ar aro discu ssed in a n in to ro s tin g m a n n e r.
Som o re ad e rs w ill fin d , n o d o u b t, m u c h w h ich is fa m ilia r to th e m in th is b ook, b u t th o a u th o r claim s n o th in g m o re t h a n t h a t i t is “ esso n tially p ra c tic a l ” — p r e su m a b ly th is is th o re aso n w h y no roforonces to c o g n ate lite r a tu r e aro given-—a n d t h a t i t is in te n d e d as a b o o k of reforonco for “ b u y e rs, sellers a n d u sers of lu b ric a n ts a n d fo r th o so w ho d e sig n a n d o p e ra te m a c h in e ry .”
T h is b o o k c a n bo h ig h ly c o m m e n d ed n o t o n ly to su c h re a d e rs , b u t also as a p ra c tic a l tr e a tis e to s tu d e n ts of en g in eerin g a n d p e tro le u m science, a n d to tho so th e o ris ts w hoso know lodgo of lu b ric a n ts a n d lu b ric a tio n does n o t o x te n d bo y o n d la b o ra to ry te c h n iq u e .
T h o d iag ra m s a n d d raw in g s a re v e ry c le a r in d eed , p a rtic u la rly in d e ta il, a n d th o p r in t a n d b lo ck s aro u p to th o p u b lis h e rs’ u s u a l h ig h s ta n d a r d . A . IV. Na s h.
B O O K R E C E I V E D
Oil and Petroleum Year Book, 1940.
W a lte r E . S k in n e r,15
D o w g ato H ill, L o n d o n , E .C .4 . P ric o 10s.T ho p ro so n t v olum o is th o th irty -firs t a n n u a l issu e of tills w ell-know n y e a r-b o o k of referen ce to th o co m m ercial s tr u c tu r e of th o oil in d u s try . W ith ono ex cep tio n , a ll th o c u s to m a ry fe a tu re s o f p re v io u s volu m es aro in c lu d e d . T ho e x ce p tio n is th o se c tio n o f s ta tis tic s of c o m p a n y crudo p ro d u c tio n , th o in clu sio n of w h ich w as p r o h ib ite d in th e n a tio n a l in te re s ts .
T h o c o m p a n y re co rd s s e c tio n c o v ers refere n ces to 775 com p an io s en g ag ed in o vory b ra n c h of th o in d u s try th r o u g h o u t th o w o rld , a n d is su p p le m e n te d b y c o m p reh en siv e lis ts of th o n a m e s of m o re th a n 3300 e x e c u tiv e s c o n n o cted w ith tlieso com panios, O th e r u se fu l se c tio n s in clu d e a lis t of 813 tra d o n a m e s of p ro p r ie ta r y p o tro le u m p ro d u c ts , S ta tis tic s of W o rld C rudo P ro d u c tio n sinco 1931, a n d a G lo ssary of T ech n ical T erm s.
I N S T I T U T E N O T E S . Ju n e, 1 9 4 0 .