8 Online tracking
FZ-J Front End Electronics, DAQ, AGH
Low and High voltages JU
IFJ GSI LNF
Crates, cables FZ-J
IFIN-HH
Slow control IFIN-HH
Gas system LNF
Online tracking NU
Monitoring calibration PV Fe
tion of the straw layers in the frame structure. The as-sembly will be split between the two main involved lab-oratories, Forschungszentrum J¨ulich and INFN Frascati.
At both sites clean rooms (class 10000) are available for the construction. The straw mass production already
Task/Year
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 I II I II I II I II I II 1 TDR Central Tracker
2 Funding applications 3 Allocation of workshop time slots 4 Final design
4.1 Mechanical design Straw design and layout Straw tube materials
Straw layer design (axial, stereo) Mechanical frame structure Support and alignment structures
Electronics support cage Final decision of mechanical design
4.2 Electronics readout
Frontend electronics R&D Digitizers and readout R&D
Test measurements (beam, cosmics) Final decision of electronics readout
4.3 Gas system 4.4 Slow control
4.5 Integration in the PANDA central spectrometer 4.6 Final design freeze
5 Tenders and orders 6 Construction
6.1 Straw mass production and assurance tests 6.2 Straw layers production and assurance tests 6.3 Mechanical frame construction 6.4 Assembly of straw layers in mechanical frame 6.5 Electronics readout and production 6.6 Gas system and supply lines
6.7 Slow control system 6.7 Mounting STT electronics
7 STT commissioning with cosmics (data taking) 8 STT preassembly in PANDA
Fig. 183. Timeline for the STT realization. Milestones are marked in black.
cludes assurance tests of gas leakage and wire tension measurements of each assembled straw. Individual straws showing gas leakage, deviation from the nominal wire ten-sion, or broken wires are rejected. For the previous pro-totype constructions with about 1000 straws, the fraction of straws showing such failures was about one percent.
The straws are glued to the axial and stereo layer mod-ules with integrated gas manifolds and electronic coupling boards. For the final assurance test of all straws in a layer module, the module is flushed with an Ar/CO2 gas mix-ture, straws are set on high voltage, a test board con-taining a preamplifier circuit is connected to the coupling boards and the signals from cosmic tracks are checked to identify dead or improper straws. Bad identified straws are
removed from a layer module and replaced by single new straws. The modular layout of the STT allows to carry out the most time consuming construction steps of the straw mass production and layer module assembly highly in parallel. As soon as the first couple of hundred straws are produced and tested, we can start with the construc-tion of the first layer modules. After the compleconstruc-tion of the mechanical frame structure the layer modules are inserted and fixed to the frame.
In parallel to the mechanical STT assembly the elec-tronic parts, cables, and readout boards will be produced and the complete readout system will be set up. After a test of all electronic channels with test pulses, the readout will be mounted in the STT mechanical frame structure
and connected to the straws. By the first half of 2016 the construction phase will be finished including the setup of the gas system and slow control system.
In the second half of 2016 the final commissioning of the full STT detector will be done with data takings of cos-mic ray tracks to set up the whole electronic readout and to calibrate the STT geometry with reconstructed tracks.
After finishing these tests the detector will be ready for installation and pre-assembly in the PANDA central spec-trometer.
9.4 Work packages and contributing institutes
The design, construction and installation of the STT will be performed by a number of institutions which have gained specific expertise in past and ongoing large scale experiments at several accelerator facilities. The responsi-bilities for the various work packages are listed in table 24, in which the coordinating group of the task is denoted by boldface. A summary of the participating groups and of their members is given below:
– IFIN-HH Bukarest-Magurele, Romania (M. Bragadi-reanu, M. Caprini, D. Pantea, D. Pantelica, D. Pietre-anu, L. Serbina, P.D. Tarta) (IFIN-HH);
– IFJ PAN, Cracow, Poland (B. Czech, M. Kistryn, S. Kliczewski, A. Kozela, P. Kulessa, P. Lebiedowicz, K. Pysz, W. Sch¨afer, R. Siudak, A. Szczurek) (IFJ);
– Jagiellonian University of Cracow, Poland (S. Jowzaee, M. Kajetanowicz, B. Kamys, S. Kistryn, G. Kor-cyl, K. KorKor-cyl, W. Krzemien, A. Magiera, P. Moskal, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, J. Smyrski, A. Wro˜nska) (JU);
– AGH Cracow, Poland (T. Fiutowski, M. Idzik, B. Min-dur, D. Przyborowski, K. Swientek) (AGH);
– Gesellschaft f¨ur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darm-stadt, Germany (M. Traxler) (GSI);
– INFN Frascati, Italy (N. Bianchi, D. Orecchini, P. Gi-anotti, C. Guaraldo, V. Lucherini, E. Pace) (LNF);
– FZ J¨ulich, Germany (A. Erven, G. Kemmerling, H.
Kleines, V. Kozlov, N. Paul, M. Mertens, R. Nellen, H. Ohm, S. Orfanitski, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, V. Serdyuk, P. Wintz, P. W¨ustner) (FZ-J);
– INFN and Univ. of Pavia, Italy (G. Boca, A. Braghieri, S. Costanza, P. Genova, L. Lavezzi, P. Montagna, A. Rotondi) (PV);
– INFN and Univ. of Ferrara, Italy (D. Bettoni, V. Carassiti, A. Cotta Ramusino, P. Dalpiaz, A. Drago, E. Fioravanti, I. Garzia, M. Savri`e, G. Stancari) (Fe);
– Northwestern Univ., Evanston U.S.A. (S. Dobbs, K. Seth, A. Tomaradze, T. Xiao) (NU).
We acknowledge financial support from the Bundesminis-terium f¨ur Bildung und Forschung (bmbf), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the Forschungszentrum J¨ulich GmbH, the University of Groningen, Netherlands, the Gesellschaft f¨ur Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI), Darm-stadt, the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszen-tren (HGF), the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F¨orderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (SNF), the Russian funding
agency “State Corporation for Atomic Energy Rosatom”, the CNRS/IN2P3 and the Universit´e Paris-sud, the British funding agency “Science and Technology Facilities Council” (STFC), the Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the Swedish Research Council, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the European Community FP6 FAIR Design Study:
DIRAC secondary-Beams, contract number 515873, the Eu-ropean Community FP7 Integrated Infrastructure Initiative:
HadronPhysics2, contract number 227431, the INTAS, and the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD).
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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