c h a p. A n e g o tia tio n on th is su b je c t w as o p e n e d b e tw e e n W h ite -
- 16-aj ~ - h a ll a n d V e r sa ille s. L e w is h a d a s m any so ld ie r s as h e w a n te d ; a n d , h ad it b e e n o th e r w ise , h e w o u ld n o t h a v e b e e n d isp o se d to ta k e E n g lish m e n in to h is s e r v ic e ; fo r th e p a y o f E n g la n d , lo w as it m u st se em to ou r g e n e r a tio n , w as m u ch h ig h e r than th e p a y o f F r a n c e . A t th e sa m e t im e , it w as a g r e a t o b je c t to d e p r iv e W illia m o f so fine a b r ig a d e . A fte r so m e w e e k s o f c o r r e sp o n d e n c e , B a r illo n w as a u th o rised to p ro m ise that, i f J a m e s w o u ld r e c a ll th e B r itish tr o o p s from H o lla n d , L e w is w o u ld b ea r th e ch a rg e o f su p p o r tin g tw o th o u sa n d o f them in E n g la n d . T h is o ffe r w as a c c e p te d b y J a m e s w ith warm e x p ressio n s o f g r a titu d e . H a v in g raado th e s e a rra n g em en ts, h e r e q u e s te d th e S ta te s G e n e r a l to se n d b a ck th e s ix r e g i
m e n ts. T h e S ta te s G en era l, c o m p le te ly g o v e r n e d b y W illia m , a n sw e r e d th a t su c h a d em a n d , in su ch circu m sta n ces, w as n o t a u th o rised b y th e e x is tin g tr e a tie s , a n d p o sitiv e ly refu se d to c o m p ly . I t is rem a rk a b le th a t A m sterd am , w h ich h a d v o te d fo r k e e p in g th e se tr o o p s in H o lla n d w h en J a m e s n e e d e d th e ir h elp a g a in st th e W e ste r n in su r g e n ts, n o w c o n te n d e d v e h e m en tly that h is r e q u e s t o u g h t to b e g r a n te d . O n b o th o c c a sio n s, th e s o le o b je c t o f th o s e w h o r u le d th a t g r e a t c ity w as to c r o ss th e P r in c e o f O ra n g e. *
Influence T h e D u tc h a r m s, h o w e v e r , w ere sc a r c e ly so form id ab le much 10 J a m es RS th e D u tc h p r e s se s . E n g lish b o o k s and p am p h lets pro«,, a g a in st h is g o v e r n m e n t w e r e d a ily p rin te d a t th e H a g u e ; n o r c o u ld an y v ig ila n c e p r e v e n t c o p ie s from b e in g sm u g g le d , b y te n s o f th o u sa n d s, in to th e co u n tie s b o r d e r in g 011 th e G er
m an O c e a n . A m o n g th e s e p u b lic a tio n s, o n e w as d istin g u ish e d b y its im p o r ta n c e , a n d b y th e im m en se e ffe c t w h ich it p r o d u c e d . T h e o p in io n w h ich th e P r in c e a n d P r in c e ss o f O ra n g e h e ld r e s p e c tin g t h e In d u lg e n c e w as w e ll k n o w n to a ll w h o w e r e co n v ersa n t w ith p u b lic affairs. B u t, a s n o
oflfi-• S u nderland 10 W illiam , Aug. 24. 1GS6; W illiam to Sun d erlan d , S e p t . 1686; B a rillo n , May A - Oct. A 1681; Lewis to B arillo n , Oct. 1681; M em orial o fA lb e v ille , D ec. i f . 1687; Jam es to W illiam , J a n . 11. F eb . 16 M arch 2. 13. 1688; Avaux Ncg., M arch A - A- A .
J A M E S TITE S E C O N D . 9 1
cial a n n o u n c e m e n t o f th a t o p in io n h a d a p p e a r e d , m any p er- c “*p- so n s w h o h a d n o t a c c e s s to g o o d p riv a te so u r c e s o f in form a- 168I, ' tio n w e r e d e c e iv e d or p e r p le x e d b y th e c o n fid e n c e w ith w hich th e p artisan s o f th e C ou rt a ss e r te d th a t th e ir H ig h n e ss e s a p p r o v e d o f th e K in g ’s la te a cts. T o co n tr a d ic t th o s e as
se r tio n s p u b lic ly w o u ld h a v e b e e n a sim p le an d ob v io u s co u rse, i f t h e s o le o b je c t o f W illiam h a d b e e n to str e n g th e n his in te r e st in E n g la n d . B u t h e c o n sid e r e d E n g la n d ch iefly as an in stru m e n t n e c e ssa r y to th e e x e c u tio n o f h is g r e a t E u ro p ea n d e sig n . T o w a r d s th a t d e sig n ho h o p e d to o b ta in th e c o o p era tio n o f b o th b ra n ch es o f th e H o u se o f A u str ia , o f th e Italian p r in c e s, a n d e v e n o f th e S o v e r e ig n P o n tiff. T h e r e w as r e a so n to fea r th a t an y d e c la r a tio n w h ich w as sa tisfa cto ry to B r itish P r o te s ta n ts w o u ld e x c ite alarm an d d isg u st at M a d r id , V ie n n a , T u r in , a n d R o m e . F o r this rea so n the P r in c e lo n g a b sta in e d from fo rm a lly e x p r e ssin g h is se n ti
m e n ts. A t le n g th it w as r e p r e s e n te d to him th a t h is c o n tin u e d s ile n c e h a d e x c it e d m u c h u n e a sin e ss a n d distru st a m o n g h is w ellw ish e rs, a n d th a t it w as tim e to sp e a k ofit. H e th e refo re d e te r m in e d to ex p la in h im self.
A S c o tc h W h ig , n am ed J a m e s S te w a r t, h ad f le d , som ecorrc- y ea rs b e fo r e , to H o lla n d , in o r d e r to a v o id th e b o o t an d th e g a llo w s, and h ad b e c o m e in tim a te w ith th e G rand P en sio n a ry F a g e l, w h o e n jo y e d a la r g e sh a re o f th e S ta d th o ld e r ’s c o n - f 1s«i.
fid e n c o an d fa vou r. B y S te w a r t h ad b e e n draw n up the v io le n t an d a crim o n io u s m a n ifesto o f A r g y le . W h e n th e In d u lg e n c e a p p e a r e d , S te w a r t c o n c e iv e d th at h e h ad an o p p o rtu n ity o f o b ta in in g , n o t o n ly p a r d o n , b u t rew ard. H e o ffer ed h is se r v ic e s to th e g o v e r n m e n t o f w h ich h e h ad b een th e e n e m y : th e y w e r e a c c e p te d ; an d ho a d d r e ss e d to F a g e l a le tte r , p u rp o rtin g to h a v e b e e n w ritten b y th e d irectio n o f J a m e s. In th a t le tte r th e P e n sio n a r y w as e x h o r te d to u se all his in flu e n c e w ith th e P r in c e and P r in c e s s , fo r th e p u r
p o s e o f in d u c in g them to su p p o rt th e ir fa th e r ’s p o lic y . A fte r so m e d e la y F a g e l tra n sm itted a r e p ly , d e e p ly m ed ita ted , and d raw n up w ith e x q u isite art. N o p erso n w ho stu d ie s that rem a rk a b le d o c u m e n t can fa il to p e r c e iv e th a t, th o u g h it is fram ed in a m ann er w ell ca lc u la te d to r ea ssu re an d d e lig h t
9 2 H IS T O R Y O F EN G L A N D .
c h a p. E n g lish P r o te s ta n ts, it co n ta in s n o t a w o rd w h ich c o u ld g iv e
—1~a7' o ffe n c e , e v e n a t th e V a tic a n . I t w as a n n o u n c e d that W illiam a n d M ary w o u ld , w ith p le a s u r e , a ss ist in a b o lish in g ev e r y la w w h ich m a d e a n y E n g lish m a n lia b le to p u n ish m e n t fo r his r e lig io u s o p in io n s. B u t b e tw e e n p u n ish m e n ts an d d isa b ilities a d istin c tio n w as ta k e n . T o a d m it R o m a n C a th o lic s to o ffice w o u ld , in th e ju d g m e n t o f th e ir H ig h n e s s e s , b e n e ith e r fo r th e g e n e r a l in te r e s t o f E n g la n d n o r e v e n fo r th e in te r e st o f th e R o m a n C a th o lic s th e m s e lv e s. T h is m a n ifesto w as tran s
la te d in to se v e r a l la n g u a g e s , a n d circu la ted w id e ly on th e C o n tin e n t. O f th e E n g lis h v e r s io n , c a refu lly p rep a red b y B u r n e t , n ea r fifty th o u sa n d c o p ie s w ere in tr o d u c e d in to th e ea ster n s h ir e s , a n d ra p id ly d istr ib u te d o v e r th e w h o le k in g d o m . N o sta te p a p er w as e v e r m o re c o m p le te ly su c c e ssfu l.
T h e P r o te s ta n ts o f ou r isla n d a p p la u d ed th e m a n ly firm n ess w ith w h ich W illia m d e c la r e d th a t h e c o u ld n o t c o n s e n t to e n tru st P a p ists w ith a n y sh are in th e g o v e r n m e n t. T h e R o m a n C a th o lic p rin ces, on th e o th e r h a n d , w e r e p le a se d b y th e m ild a n d te m p e r a te sty le in w h ich h is r e so lu tio n w as e x p r e s s e d , an d b y th e h o p e w h ich h e h e ld o u t th a t , u n d e r h is a d m in istra tio n , n o m em b er o f th e ir C hurch w o u ld b e m o le s te d o n a c c o u n t o f r e lig io n ,
ca'tei- I t is p r o b a b le th a t th e P o p e h im s e lf w as a m o n g th o se w h o emfciu/ r e a d th is c e le b r a te d le tte r w ith p le a su r e . H e h a d so m e to uomo. m o n th s b e fo r e d ism issed C astelm ain e in a m a n n er w h ich sh o w e d little r eg a rd fo r th e fe e lin g s o f C a stelm a in e’s m a ster.
In n o c e n t th o r o u g h ly d is lik e d th e w h o le d o m e stic an d fo r e ig n p o lic y o f th e E n g lish g o v e r n m e n t. H e saw th a t th e u n ju st an d im p o litic m ea su res o f th e J e s u itic a l c a b a l w e r e far m ore lik e ly to m a k e th e p e n a l law s p e r p e tu a l than to b r in g ab ou t an a b o litio n o f th e t e s t . H is qu arrel w ith th e co u r t o f V e r sa ille s w as e v e r y day b e c o m in g m ore a n d m o re s e r io u s ; n or c o u ld h e, eith e r in h is ch ara cter o f tem p o ra l p r in c e or in his ch a ra cter o f S o v e r e ig n P o n tiff, f e e l co rd ia l frien d sh ip fo r a v a ssa l o f th a t co u rt. C astelm ain e w as ill q u a lified to re m o v e th e se d isg u sts. H e w as in d e e d w e ll a c q u a in te d w ith R o m e , an d w a s , fo r a la y m a n , d e e p ly r e a d in th e o lo g ic a l c o n tro v ersy .*
• A dda, N o t. 16SS.
JA M E S T H E S E C O N D .
93
B u t h e h a d n o n e o f th e a d d r e ss w h ich h is p o st r e q u ir e d ; a n d , e v e n h a d h e b e e n a d ip lo m a tist o f th e g r e a te s t a b ility , th e r e w as a circu m sta n ce w h ich w o u ld h a v e d isq u a lified him fo r t h e p a rticu la r m issio n on w h ich h e h a d b e e n se n t.
H e w as k n o w n a ll o v e r E u ro p e a s th e h u sb a n d o f th e m o st sh a m e le ss o f w o m e n ; a n d h e w as k n o w n in n o o th e r w a y . I t w as im p o ssib le to sp e a k to him o r o f him w ith o u t r e m e m b e r in g in w h a t m a n n er th e v e r y title b y w h ich h e w as c a lle d h a d b e e n a c q u ir e d . T h is c ircu m sta n ce w o u ld h a v e m a ttered little i f h e h a d b e e n a c c r e d ite d to so m e d isso lu te cou rt, su ch as th a t in w h ic h th e D u c h e s s o f M o n tesp a n had la te ly b e e n d o m in a n t. B u t th e r e w as an o b v io u s im propriety in se n d in g him o n an em b a ssy r a th e r o f a sp iritu al th a n o f a se cu la r n a tu re to a p o n tiff o f p r im itiv e a u sterity . T h e P r o testa n ts a ll o v e r E u r o p e s n e e r e d ; a n d In n o c e n t, a lr e a d y u n fa v o u r a b ly d isp o s e d to th e E n g lis h g o v e r n m e n t, c o n sid e r e d th e c o m p lim e n t w h ich h a d b e e n p aid h im , at so m u ch r isk and at so h e a v y a co st, as little b e tte r than an affron t. T h e salary o f th e A m b a ssa d o r w as fix e d a t a h u n d r e d p o u n d s a w e e k . C astelm ain o c o m p la in e d th a t th is w as to o little . T h r ic e th e sum , h e sa id , w o u ld h a rd ly su ffic e. F o r a t R o in e th e m in is
te r s o f a ll th e g r e a t co n tin e n ta l p o w ers e x e r te d th e m selv es to su rp ass o n e a n o th e r in s p le n d o u r , u n d e r th e e y e s o f a p e o p le w h o m t h e h a b it o f s e e in g m a g n ific e n t b u ild in g s, d e c o r a tio n s , a n d c e r e m o n ie s h a d m a d e fa stid io u s. H e alw ays d e c la r e d that h e h a d b e e n a lo s e r b y h is m issio n . H o w as a c c o m p a n ie d b y se v era l y o u n g g e n tle m e n o f th e b e st R om an C a th o lic fa m ilies in E n g la n d , R a tc liffe s, A ru n d clls a n d T ic h - b o r n e s. A t R o m e h e w as lo d g e d in th e p a la c e o f th e h o u se o f P am fili o n th e so u th o f th e s ta te ly P la c e o f N a v o n a . H o w as ea rly a d m itte d to a p riv a te in te rv iew w ith I n n o c e n t: b u t th e p u b lic a u d ie n c e w as lo n g d e la y e d . I n d e e d C a stelm a in e’s p rep aration s fo r th a t g r e a t o c c a sio n w e r e so su m p tu o u s that, th o u g h c o m m e n c e d at E a s te r 1686, th e y w e r e n o t c o m p le te till th e fo llo w in g N o v e m b e r ; a n d in N o v e m b e r th e P o p e had, or p r e te n d e d t o h a v e, an a tta ck o f g o u t w h ich c a u se d an oth er p o stp o n e m e n t. In J a n u a ry 1687, a t le n g t h , th e so le m n in
tro d u c tio n a n d h o m a g e w e r e p er fo r m e d w ith u n u su al p om p.
cn.ip.
V I I . I6S7.
9 - i H IS T O R Y O F E N G L A N D .
CHAT-.
V I I . 1681.
T h e sta te c o a c h e s , w h ich h ad b e e n b u ilt a t R o m e fo r th e p a g ea n t, w e r e so su p erb th a t th e y w e r e th o u g h t w o rth y to b e tra n sm itted to p o ste r ity in fine e n g r a v in g s a n d to b e c e le b rated b y p o e ts in se v e r a l la n g u a g e s . * T h e fro n t o f th e A m b a ssa d o r ’s p a la c e w as d e c o r a te d o n th is g r e a t d a y w ith ab su rd a lle g o r ic a l p a in tin g s o f g ig a n tic siz e . T h e r e w as S a in t G e o r g e w ith h is fo o t o n th e n e c k o f T itu s O a tes, a n d H e r c u le s w ith h is club cru sh in g C o lle g e , th e P r o te s ta n t jo in e r , w ho in va in a tte m p te d to d e fe n d h im s e lf w ith h is flail. A fte r this p u b lic a p p ea ra n ce C a stelm a in e in v ite d a ll th e p e r so n s o f n o te th e n a sse m b le d a t R o m e to a b a n q u e t in th a t g a y a n d sp le n d id g a lle r y w h ich is a d o r n e d w ith p a in tin g s o f su b je c ts from th e
¿E n eid b y P e te r o f C orton a. T h e w h o le c ity c r o w d e d to th e sh o w ; an d it w as w ith d ifficu lty th a t a c o m p a n y o f S w iss g u a rd s c o u ld k e e p o r d e r a m o n g th e s p e c ta to r s. T h e n o b le s o f th e P o n tific a l sta te in return g a v e c o stly e n terta in m en ts to th e A m b a ssa d o r ; a n d p o e ts a n d w its w e r e e m p lo y e d to la v ish on him an d on h is m a ster in sip id a n d h y p erb o lica l a d u la tio n su ch a s flo u r ish es m o st w h en g e n iu s an d ta ste are in th e d e e p e s t d e c a y . F o r e m o s t a m o n g th e flatterers w as a c r o w n e d h e a d . M o re than th ir ty y ea rs h a d e la p se d sin c e C h ristin a , th e d a u g h ter o f th e g r e a t G u sta v u s, h ad v o lu n tarily d e sc e n d e d from th e S w e d ish th r o n e . A fte r lo n g w a n d e r in g s, in th e c o u r se o f w h ich sh e h ad co m m itte d m any fo llie s a n d c r im e s, sh e h a d finally ta k e n u p h er a b o d e at R o m e , w h ere sh e b u sie d h e r s e lf w ith a str o lo g ic a l ca lcu la tio n s a n d w ith th e in tr ig u es o f th e c o n c la v e , an d a m u sed h e r s e lf
• T he P ro fe sso r of Greek in the College De P ro p ag an d a Fide ex
pressed his ad m iratio n in som e d e te sta b le h ex am eters and p en tam eters, o f which the following specim en may suffice: —
Poiytqiov it] anext O fiir o t XannQoZo O iilattfiov, u lx n ftdX' ¡jiaaty xai &lev uyj.Oi a/ra<; • Q a v / i d t o v a a i i t r j Y n o n T itjv , n a y y ^ v a i d r au ro f
“A p p a r a , rov; 0-' Xnnnvs, r o i a i i ’P o ifitj i f t j .
T he L atin verses a re a little b e tte r. N ahum Tate responded in E n g lish :
“ His glorious train and passing pom p to view , A pom p th a t even to Home itse lf was new . E ach age, each sex, the L alian tu rre ts filled, E ach age and sex in tears of joy distilled.”
J A M E S T H E S E C O N D .
95
w ith p ic tu r e s, g e m s , m a n u sc r ip ts , a n d m e d a ls. S h e n ow c o m p o se d so m e Ita lia n sta n za s in h o n o u r o f th e E n g lish p rin ce w h o , s p r u n g , lik e h e r s e lf, from a r a ce o f K in g s h e r e to fo r e r e g a r d e d as th e ch am pion s o f th e R e fo r m a tio n , had , lik e h e r s e lf, b e e n r e c o n c ile d to th e a n c ie n t C hurch. A sp le n d id a sse m b ly m e t in h e r p a la c e . H e r v e r s e s , s e t to m u s ic , w e r e su n g w ith u n iv ersa l a p p la u se: an d o n e o f h e r lite ra ry d e p e n d e n ts p ro n o u n c e d an ora tio n on th e sam e su b j e c t in a sty le so flo rid th a t it se e m s to h a v e o ffen d ed th e ta ste
o f th e E n g lis h h e a r e r s. T h e J e s u it s , h o stile to th e P o p e , d e v o te d to th e in te r e sts o f F r a n c e a n d d isp o se d to p ay ev e r y h o n o u r to J a m e s , r e c e iv e d th e E n g lis h em b a ssy w ith th e u tm o st p o m p in th a t p r in c e ly h o u s e w h e r e th e rem ain s o f Ig n a tiu s L o y o la lie e n sh r in e d in la z u lite a n d g o ld . S cu lp tu re, p a in tin g , p o e t r y , a n d e lo q u e n c e w ere e m p lo y e d to com p lim e n t th e str a n g e r s: b u t a ll th e se arts h ad su n k in to d e e p d e g e n e r a c y . T h e r e w as a g r e a t d isp la y o f tu r g id a n d im p u re L a tin ity u n w orthy o f so e r u d ite an o r d e r ; a n d som e o f th e in sc r ip tio n s w h ich a d o r n e d t h e w alls h a d a fa u lt m ore se rio u s th a n e v e n a b a d s t y le . I t w a s sa id in o n e p la c e that J a m e s h a d se n t h is b ro th e r as h is m e sse n g e r to h e a v e n , and in a n o th e r th a t J a m e s h ad fu r n ish ed th e w in g s w ith w hich h is b ro th e r h a d so a r e d to a h ig h e r r e g io n . T h e r o w as a still m o re u n fo rtu n a te d istic h , w h ic h a t th e timo a ttr a c te d littlo n o tic e , b u t w h ich , a few m o n th s la t e r , w as r e m em b ered an d m a lig n a n tly in te r p r e te d . “ O K in g ,” sa id th e p o e t, “ ce a se to sig h fo r a so n . T h o u g h n atu re m ay r e fu se y o u r w ish, th e stars w ill find a w ay to gran t it .”
I n th e m id st o f th e se fe stiv itie s C astelm ain e h ad to su ffer cru el m o rtifica tio n s a n d h u m ilia tio n s. T h e P o p e tr e a te d him w ith e x tr e m e c o ld n e ss a n d r e se r v e . A s o fte n as th e A m b a s
sa d o r p r e sse d fo r an an sw e r to th e r e q u e st w h ich h e h a d b e e n in str u c te d to m ak e in fa v o u r o f P c tr e , I n n o c e n t w as tak en w ith a v io le n t fit o f c o u g h in g , w h ich p u t an en d to th e c o n v e r sa tio n . T h e fam e o f th e s e sin g u la r a u d ie n c e s sp re a d o v er R o m e . P a sq u in w as n o t sile n t. A ll th e cu rio u s a n d ta ttlin g p o p u la tio n o f th e id le s t o f c it ie s , th e J e s u its a n d th e p rela tes o f th e F r e n c h fa ctio n o n ly e x c e p t e d , la u g h e d at C a stelm a in e’s
C H A P .
VII.
1637.
96
n t S T O R T O F E N G L A N D .CHAP.
VII.
16ST.
d isco m fitu re. H is te m p e r , n atu rally u n a m ia b le , -was so o n e x a sp e r a te d to v io le n c e ; a n d h e c ir c u la te d a m em orial r e fle c tin g on th e P o p e . H e h a d n o w p u t h im s e lf in th e w r o n g . T h e sa g a c io u s Ita lia n h a d g o t th e a d v a n ta g e , a n d to o k care to k e e p it. H e p o sitiv e ly d e c la r e d th a t t h e ru le w h ich e x c lu d e d J e s u its fro m e c c le s ia s tic a l p r e fe r m e n t sh o u ld n o t b e r e la x e d in fa v o u r orf F a th e r P e tr e . C a ste lm a in e , m uch p ro v o k e d , th r e a te n e d to le a v e R o m e . In n o c e n t r e p lie d , w ith a m e e k im p e r tin e n c e w h ich w as th e m o r e p r o v o k in g b e c a u se it c o u ld sc a r c e ly b e d istin g u is h e d from sim p lic ity , th a t h is E x c e lle n c y m ig h t g o i f h e lik e d . “ B u t i f w e m u st lo s e h im ,”
a d d e d th e v e n e r a b le P o n t if f, “ I h o p e th a t h e w ill ta k e ca re o f h is h e a lth o n th e r o a d . E n g lish p e o p le do n o t k n o w h ow d a n g e r o u s it is in this co u n try to tr a v e l in th e h e a t o f t h e d ay.
T h e b e st w ay is to sta rt b e fo r e d a w n , a n d to ta k e so m e r e s t at n o o n .” W ith th is sa lu ta ry a d v ic e a n d w ith a str in g o f b e a d s, tlio u n fo rtu n a te A m b a ssa d o r w as d ism isse d . In a fe w m o n th s a p p e a r e d , b o th in th e Ita lia n a n d in th e E n g lis h to n g u e , a p o m p o u s h isto r y o f th e m is s io n , m a g n ificen tly p rin te d in fo lio , a n d illu str a te d w ith p la te s . T h e fr o n tis p ie c e , to th e g r e a t sc a n d a l o f a ll P r o te s ta n ts , r e p r e s e n te d C a stelm a in e in th e r o b e s o f a P e e r , w ith h is c o r o n e t in h is h a n d , k issin g th e to e o f In n o c e n t.*
* C orrespondence of Jam e s and In n o c e n t, in th e B ritish M u seu m ; B u rn e t, i. 103—105.; W elwood’s M em o irs; C om m ons' J o u rn a ls , Oct. 28.
1089; An A ccount of his E xcellency Roger E a rl of C astelm aine's E m b a ssy , by M ichael W rig h t, chief stew ard o f his Excellency's house a t Rom e, 1688.
CHAPTER VIII.
T i i e m a rk ed d isc o u r te s y o f th e P o p e m ig h t w e ll h a v e irri- C'iap.
ta te d th e m e e k e st o f p r in c e s. B u t th e on ly effe c t w h ich it - ¡-¡¡¡'r
p ro d u ced o n J a m e s w as to m a k e h im m o re la v ish o f c a r e sse s CoMe_
an d c o m p lim en ts. W h ile C a ste lm a in e , h is w h o le so u l fe ste r e d craiiou w ith a n g ry p a ss io n s, w as on h is ro a d b a ck to E n g la n d , th e n„„ci0 at N u n c io w as lo a d e d w ith h o n o u rs w h ich h is ow n ju d g m e n t 1 ^ ™ * ’*
w o u ld h a v e le d him to r e je c t. H e h a d , b y a fiction o fte n u sed in th e C hurch o f R o m e , b e e n lately' r a ise d to th e ep isc o p a l d ig n ity w ith o u t h a v in g th e c h a rg e o f a n y s e e . H e w as c a lle d A r c h b ish o p o f A m a sia , a c ity o f P o n t u s , t h e b ir th p la c e o f S tr a b o a n d M itlir id a te s. J a m e s in sis te d th a t th e ce r e m o n y o f co n se c r a tio n s h o u ld b e p er fo r m e d in t h e c h a p e l o f S a in t J a m e s ’s P a la c e . T h e V ica r A p o s to lic L e y b u r n a n d tw o Irish p r e la te s o fficia ted . T h e d o o rs w e r e throw n o p e n to th e p u b lic ; a n d it w as rem a rk ed th a t so m e o f th o s e P u r ita n s w ho h a d r e c e n tly tu r n e d co u rtiers w e r e a m o n g t h e sp e c ta to r s. In th e e v e n in g A d d a , w e a r in g t h e r o b e s o f h is now o ffic e , jo in e d th e c ir c le in th e Q u e e n ’s a p a rtm en ts. J a m e s fe ll on h is k n e e s in th e p r e se n c e o f th e w h o le C ou rt a n d im p lo re d a b le ss in g . In sp ite o f th e restr a in t im p o s e d b y e tiq u e tte , th e a sto n ish m e n t an d d isg u st o f th e b y sta n d ers c o u ld n o t b e c o n c e a le d .* I t w as lo n g in d e e d sin c e an E n g lish s o v e r e ig n h ad k n e lt to m ortal m a n ; a n d th o s e w h o saw th e stra n g e sig h t c o u ld n o t b u t th in k o f th a t day o f sh a m e w h en J o h n d id h o m a g e fo r h is crow n b etw e e n th e h a n d s o f P a n d o lp h .
In a sh o r t tim e a still m ore o sten ta tio u s p a g e a n t w as p er- nupob- fo rm e d in h o n o u r o f th e H o ly S e e . I t w as d e te r m in e d t h a t 1“
th e N u n c io sh o u ld g o to C ourt in so le m n p r o c e ssio n . S o m e p erso n s on w h o se o b e d ie n c e th e K in g h a d co u n te d sh o w e d , on this o c c a s io n , fo r th e first t im e , sig n s o f a m u tin o u s sp irit.
* B arillon, May 16S1.
Macaulay, Mstory. ¡II. 7
98
H IS T O R Y O F E N G L A N D . C H A P.VIII.
1 6 8 7 .
T h e D u k e o f S o m e rs e t.
A m o n g th e s e th e m o st co n sp ic u o u s w as th e se c o n d tem p o ra l p e e r o f th e r e a lm , C harles S e y m o u r , c o m m o n ly c a lle d th e p ro u d D u k e o f S o m e r se t. H e w as in tru th a m an in w h om th e p r id e o f b irth a n d ran k a m o u n ted a lm o st to a d is e a s e . T h e fo r tu n e w h ich h e h a d in h e r ite d w as n o t a d e q u a te to th e h ig h p la co w h ich h e h e ld a m o n g th o E n g lish a risto cra c y : b ut ho h a d b e c o m e p o s s e s s e d o f th e g r e a te st e s ta te in E n g la n d b y h is m arriage w ith th e d a u g h te r an d h e ir e s s o f th e la s t P e r c y w ho w o r e th e a n c ie n t c o r o n e t o f N o rth u m b e r la n d . S o m e r se t w as o n ly in h is tw en ty -fifth y e a r , a n d w as v e r y little k n o w n to th e p u b lic . H e w as a L o r d o f tho K in g ’s B e d c h a m b e r , a n d c o lo n e l o f o n e o f th e r e g im e n ts w h ich h a d b e e n r a ise d at th e tim e o f th e W e ste r n in su r r e c tio n . H e h a d n o t s c r u p le d to carry th e sw o rd ■ o f sta to in to th e r o y a l c h a p e l o n d a y s o f fe stiv a l: b u t h e n ow r e s o lu te ly r e fu se d to sw e ll th e p om p o f th e N u n c io . S o m e m em b er s o f h is fa m ily im p lo r e d h im n o t to draw on h im s e lf th e r o y a l d is p le a s u r e : b u t th e ir in tr ea ties p r o d u c e d n o e ffe c t. T h e K in g h im s e lf e x p o stu la te d . “ I th o u g h t, m y L o r d ,” sa id h e , “ th at I w as d o in g y o u a grea t h o n o u r in a p p o in tin g y o u to e s c o r t tho m in iste r o f th e first o f a ll cro w n ed h e a d s .” “ S i r ,” said th e D u k e , “ I am a d v ise d th a t I c a n n o t o b e y y o u r M a jesty w ith o u t b r e a k in g th e la w .”
“ I w ill m ak e y o u fea r m e a s w e ll as th e la w ,” a n sw e r e d th e K in g , in so le n tly . “ D o y o u n o t k n o w th a t I am a b o v e th e la w ? ” “ Y o u r M a jesty m ay b e a b o v e th e la w ,” r e p lie d S o m e r se t; “ b u t I am n o t; a n d , w h ile I o b e y th e la w , I fear n o th in g .” T h e K in g tu r n e d aw ay in h ig h d isp le a s u r e , a n d S o m e r se t w as in sta n tly d ism issed from h is p o sts in th e h o u se h o ld a n d in th e arm y.*
O n o n e p o in t, h o w e v e r , J a m e s sh o w e d so m e p r u d e n c e . H e d id n o t v en tu r e to p a ra d e tho P a p a l E n v o y in sta te b efo ro th e v a st p o p u la tio n o f th e ca p ita l. T h o cere m o n y w as p e r fo r m e d , o n th e th ir d o f J u ly 1 687, a t W in d so r. G rea t m ul
titu d e s flo c k e d to th e little tow n . T h e v isito r s w e r e so n u m e ro u s th a t th e r e w as n e ith e r fo o d n o r lo d g in g fo r th e m ; an d
* M em oirs o f the D uke o f S o m e rse t; C ilters, J u l y , y 1081; E a c h a rd ’s H istory o f the H evolutiou; C larke’s Life of Jam es the S e c o n d , ii. 116, 117,118.; Lord Lonsdale's M em oirs.
J A M E S T H E S E C O N D .
99
m any p erso n s o f q u a lity sa te th e w h o le day in th e ir c a rria g es C“,A]1,’- w a itin g fo r th e e x h ib itio n . A t le n g th , la te in th e a fte r n o o n , , 6B7] • th e K n ig h t M a rsh a l's m en a p p ea red o n h o r se b a c k . T h e n
m any p erso n s o f q u a lity sa te th e w h o le day in th e ir c a rria g es C“,A]1,’- w a itin g fo r th e e x h ib itio n . A t le n g th , la te in th e a fte r n o o n , , 6B7] • th e K n ig h t M a rsh a l's m en a p p ea red o n h o r se b a c k . T h e n