Investigation of Pemberton-Kilgore Volumetric Method by Veitch

J. Am. Chem. Soc.,

18,

389 (1896).

9. Determination of PsOs in Presence of Colloidal Silica; Washing with H

j

O

j

, etc. Chem. Abstracts, 6, 1416 (1912), June 10. From Compt. rend.,

154,

775.

10. Removal of Soluble Silica Precipitated with Yellow Precipitate by Washing with Water. Z. anal. Chem., 26, 584.

11. Solubility of MoOa and Yellow Precipitate in Washing Solutions..

U. S. D. A., Bureau of Chemistry, Bulletin

47,

72-73. Same sub ­

ject in Z. anal. Chem.,

3,

446 (1864).

D e c., 1913 T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 1 0 0 9

I O I O T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y V o l. 5, No. 12

D ec., 19x3 T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 1 0 1 1

fa c t th a t th e finer p a rticle s of soils such as w ou ld be carrie d b y stre a m w a te rs are h igh in p o ta sh , ph os­

p h oric acid, lim e, organ ic m a tte r, etc.

Bu r e a u o p So il s

U . S . De p t. Ag r ic., Wa s h in g t o n

E S T IM A T IO N O F T H E L IM E R E Q U IR E M E N T OF S O IL S

1

B y J . A . Biz z e l l a n d X . L . Ly o n

S e v e ra l m eth o d s h a v e b een p rop osed for th e esti­

m ation of soil a c id ity , b u t none is e n tire ly sa tisfa cto ry . T h e d ifficu lty is th a t th e tru e n atu re of th e a cid ity is n o t u n d e rsto o d . T h e p ro b lem is fu rth er co m pli­

c a te d b y th e fa c t t h a t lim e m a y be beneficial to a soil in o th er w a y s th a n b y sim p ly co rrectin g an acid co n d itio n . T h e n earest a p p ro ach to a q u a n tita tiv e d ete rm in atio n of th e lim e req u irem e n t of a soil, th e re­

fore, w o u ld seem to be an estim atio n of th e to ta l a b so rp tiv e po w er of t h a t soil fo r lim e. T h is is th e p rin cip le u po n w h ich th e w ell-kn o w n m eth od proposed b y V e itc h 2 is b ased. T h e m ost serious o b jectio n to th is m eth od fro m th e a n a ly s t’s sta n d p o in t is th e larg e n u m b er of d ete rm in atio n s w hich m ust fre q u e n tly be m ade before th e a lk a lin e p o in t is reached. T h e w riters h a v e also fr e q u e n tly fo u n d it d ifficu lt and som e­

tim es a lm o st im p o ssible to determ in e th e sa tu ratio n p o in t. T h is is tru e p a r tic u la rly of soils con tain in g a la rg e q u a n tity of organ ic m a tte r y ie ld in g h igh ly colored e x tra cts , and of th o se co n tain in g a large per­

ce n tag e of c la y . M a n y c la y soils w ill n o t settle suffi­

cie n tly , ev en a fte r v e r y lo n g sta n d in g, and the c la y p a rti­

cles in such cases are so fine as to d e fy filtratio n b y th e o rd in a ry m ethods.

W ith a v ie w to o v e rco m in g th ese d ifficulties the w riters h a v e exam in ed a m eth o d described b y R . A lb e r t3 an d prop ose ce rta in m o d ification s w hich seem to ren d er it su ita b le for e stim a tin g th e lim e requ irem ent of soils.

In b rief, th e m eth od as p rop osed b y A lb e rt is as fo llo w s: T o 25 gram s of air-d ried soil add 200 cc.

b o iled d istille d w a ter, 50 cc. of a sta n d a rd solution of b ariu m h y d ro x id e , a n d 5 gram s solid am m onium chloride. D istil th e m ixtu re , co lle ctin g th e am ­ m onia fo rm ed in te n th -n o rm a l acid . T h e a m o u n t of a m m o n ia fo u n d in th e d istilla te is assum ed to be p ro p o rtio n a l to th e free b ariu m h y d ro x id e n o t required to s a tu ra te th e soil. B ariu m h y d ro x id e w as found Ta d l eI— Lim e Re q u ir e m e n t Ca l c u l a t e d a s CaO . P^{a r t sp e r} Mil l io n

Dr y So il

V eitch A lb ert V eitch A lbert

L ab . N o. m eth o d m eth o d L a b . N o. m ethod m ethod

2333 1500 930 2626 0 0

2619 1100 67 3749 900 0

2620 1100 24 3750 0 0

2621 700 0 3751 0 0

2622 0 0 3752 900 134

2623 1100 156 3753 1400 560

2624 1000 201 3754 1000 0

2625 900 0 3755 500 0

p referable to calciu m h yd ro xid e , since th e la tte r seem s to fo rm writh th e soil certain e a sily decom posed com ­ po u nd s w h ich e ffe ct d ecom p o sition of am m onium chloride.

1 P a p e r p re sen te d a t th e 4 8 th m eetin g of th e A. C. S., R ochester, Sep tem b er 8 -1 2 , 1913.

5

J. Am. Chem. Soc.,

24, 1120.

3

Z. angcw. Chcm.,

1, 533.

T h is m eth o d w as co m p ared w ith th e V e itc h m eth od on a n u m ber of sam p les of soil and subsoil o f th e D u n ­ k irk c la y lo am ty p e , o b ta in e d fro m th e exp erim e n t field. T h e resu lts are g iv en in T a b le I .

T h e resu lts b y th e tw o m eth od s w ere w id e ly d iffer­

en t, and in v ie w of th e field resu lts o b ta in ed b y th e use of lim e on th is soil, in d icate d th a t th e figu res o b ta in ed b y th e A lb e rt m eth od w ere m uch to o low . T h is d iscrep an cy ap p ears to be due ch iefly to tw o fa cto rs w hich a p p a re n tly w ere n o t recogn ized b y th e au th or.

In th e first p lace solid am m on iu m ch lorid e u n d er­

goes slig h t d ecom p o sition w hen b oiled w ith w ater, and ap p reciab le q u an titie s of am m onia are given off. W h en b oiled w ith som e soils am m oniu m ch lorid e gives up enough am m o n ia to v e r y m a te ria lly a ffect th e resu lts, ren d erin g th e figures for a c id ity m uch to o low . T h e a m o u n t of am m o n ia g iv en off w as differen t fo r each soil. T w e n ty -fiv e sam p les w ere exam in ed and th e am m onia fo rm ed exp ressed in e q u iv a le n t of te n th -n o rm al acid va rie d from 0.4 cc. to 5.6 cc.

I t becom es n ecessary, th e re fo re , to determ in e th is fa c to r for each soil and to m ake a co rrectio n acco rd ­ in g ly.

T h e second error consists in assum ing th a t th e abso rp tio n of b ariu m h y d ro xid e is im m ed iate. T h is assu m p tio n w as fo u n d to be in co rre ct. I t w as fo u n d th a t fixatio n of b ariu m h y d ro xid e b y a soil w as co m ­ p le te w hen th e m ixtu re w as h e a te d in a w a te r b a th for one hour a t th e te m p e ra tu re of b o ilin g w a ter.

T h e effe ct of th is tre a tm e n t is showm in th e fo llo w ­ ing ta b le :

Ta b l e I I — Ba r iu m Hy d r o x id e Ab s o r b e d Ex p r e s s e d a s Lim e (CaO ).

Pa r t s p e r Mil l io n Dr y So il

A bsorbed A bsorbed

d u rin g d u rin g

one-hour o n e -h o u r

A bsorbed stan d in g A bsorbed sta n d in g

im m edi­ in boiling im m edi­ in b o iling

L a b . N o. ate ly w ater L ab . N o. ately w a ter

2619 425 963 3749 313 694

2620 425 940 3752 515 1209

2623 403 1187 3754 268 985

2624 425 896 3755 224 761

T h e h igh er figures o b ta in ed b y th e lon ger c o n ta c t of th e b ariu m h y d ro x id e and soil m igh t be ascribed to th e rem o v al of th e b ase from solu tio n b y th e carbo n dioxide of th e air, in w hich case th e lon ger exp osure w ou ld in tro d u ce an error. T o te s t th is p o in t 50 cc.

o f th e sta n d a rd b ariu m h y d ro x id e so lu tio n an d 50 cc. o f w a ter w ere p lace d in a 500 cc. K je ld a h l flask.

T h e u n stop p ered flask w as th e n p lace d in a w a ter b ath m ain ta in e d a t th e b o ilin g te m p e ra tu re and allow ed to rem ain one hour. T h e flask w'as th e n rem o ved , 150 cc. w a te r an d 5 gram s solid am m oniu m ch lorid e added, and th e m ixtu re d istilled in th e o rd in a ry K je l­

dahl a p p a ratu s w ith th e fo llo w in g resu lts:

A m m onia expressed in e q u iv alen t of

N

/ 10 acid

Cc.

50 cc. b a riu m h y droxide + 5 g ram s am m o n iu m c h lo rid e — . 5 1

A

5 gram s am m o n iu m ch lo rid e... 1-6 F o rm ed b y b a riu m h y d ro x id e ... 4 9 .8

A s d irect titra tio n o f 50 cc. b ariu m h y d ro xid e

un-I O un-I 2 T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y V ol. 5, No. 12 exp osed req u ired 50 cc. of th e te n th -n o rm al acid , it

is e v id e n t t h a t th e on e-hour exp osu re does n o t in tro ­ d uce an ap p reciab le error.

In vie w of th e fo reg o in g resu lts, th e w riters p ro ­ pose th e fo llo w in g m o d ificatio n o f th e A lb e rt m eth o d : T h e air-d ried soil is prep ared a cco rd in g to th e m eth od of th e A sso cia tio n of O fficial A g ric u ltu ra l C h e m is ts .1 P la c e 25 gram s of th e soil in a Jen a K je ld a h l flask.

C o v e r w ith 50 cc. b o iled d istilled 'wra te r an d ad d 50 cc. te n th -n o rm al h y d ro x id e solu tio n . D ig e st in a b risk ly b o ilin g w a ter b a th fo r one h our w ith occasion al sh a k in g . R e m o v e fro m th e w a te r b a th , ad d 150 cc.

d istilled w a te r an d 5 gram s solid am m oniu m chloride.

C o n n e c t th e flask w ith a n itro g en d istillatio n a p p a ra tu s, and d istil. C o lle c t th e d istillate (150 cc.) in te n th - n o rm al acid and titr a te , u sin g m e th y l oran ge as in d i­

c ato r. T h e stre n g th of th e bariu m h y d ro x id e is d e­

te rm in e d b y t itr a tin g d ire c tly 50 cc. of th e solu tio n , u sin g m e th y l oran ge as in d icato r. T h e difference b etw e en th e tw o titra tio n s , th erefo re, represen ts th e a m o u n t o f b ariu m h y d ro xid e abso rb ed b y th e soil.

T h e soil h as a slig h t d ecom p o sition effe ct on th e a m m on iu m chloride. I t is n ecessary to co rrect for th is in each case b y d istilla tio n of 25 gram s of soil w ith 5 gra m s am m o n iu m chloride, o m ittin g th e b ariu m h y d ro x id e so lu tio n . T h e o rd in a ry K je ld a h l a p p a ra tu s m a y be used, b u t care m u st be ta k e n th a t sto p p e rs and co n n ectio n s are free fro m a lk a li,, w hich m a y h a v e b een le ft fro m p revio u s use in th e o rd in a ry K je ld a h l d istillatio n s.

T h is m eth od has been co m p are d w ith th e V e itch m eth o d on se v e ral sam p les of d ifferen t ty p e s o f soil an d th e resu lts are g iv e n in th e fo llo w in g ta b le : Ta b l e I I I — Lim e Re q u ir e m e n t Ca l c u l a t e d a s CaO . Pa r t s p e r

Mil l io n Dry So il

L ab . No.. D escrip tio n of soil V eitch

M odified A lbert 2619 D u n k irk clay lo a m ... ... 1100 963 2620 D u n k irk clay lo a m ... ... 1100 940 2621 D u n k irk clay lo a m ... ... 700 694 2623 D u n k irk clay lo a m ... ... 1100 1187 2624 D u n k irk clay lo a m ... ... 1000 896 2625 D u n k irk clay lo a m ... ... 900 694 3749 D u n k irk clay lo a m ... ... 900 694 3752 D u n k irk clay lo a m ... ... 900 1290 3754 D u n k irk clay lo a m ... ... 1000 985 3755 D u n k irk clay lo a m ... ... 500 761 15405 V olusia lo a m ... ... 1912 1836 15407 V olusia lo a m ... ... 1434 1321

15409 V olusia lo a m ... 1749

15413 V olusia lo a m ... ... 1434 1344 15425 V olusia s ilt lo a m ... ... 1912 2531 15427 V olusia s ilt lo a m ... ... 2390 2620

15430 V olusia s ilt lo a m ... 2307

15432 V olusia s ilt lo a m ... ... 2629 2352 15443 D u n k irk c lay lo a m ... ... 1673 1768

15445 D u n k irk clay lo a m ... 1232

15449 D u n k irk c la y lo a m ... ... 1195 1456 13151 V olusia s ilt lo a m ... ... 1195 1344

T h e resu lts o b ta in e d b y th e n ew m eth od agree v e r y w ell w ith th o se o b ta in e d b y th e V e itc h m eth od , and since th e re is no a p p a re n t m eth od o f sta n d a rd izin g eith er, it m a y be assum ed to be ju s t as correct.

T h e new m eth o d possesses th e g re a t a d v a n ta g e of r a p id ity , an d if th e d eta ils are c a re fu lly o b serve d , it is v e r y e a s y to o b ta in co n co rd an t resu lts.

N . Y . St a t u Co l l e g e o f Ag r ic u l t u r e

Co r n e l l Un iv e r s it y, It h a c a

1 U. S. D ep t, of A gric., B u re au of C h em istry ,

Bull. 107,

14.

AN IN T E R E S T IN G SO IL W A T E R Q U E ST IO N IN B R IT ISH GUIANA

B y Ma u r ic e Bir d1

R eceived S e p te m b e r 15, 1913

Som e y e a rs ago, H a rriso n 2 first called a tte n tio n to th e m a rk e d ly a lk a lin e co n d itio n of th e soil w ater u n d e rly in g th e su g ar esta te s frin g in g th e co a st of B ritish G u ia n a , an d its p ern icio u s effe ct u p o n th e g ro w th of th e su g ar can e; and since th is in terestin g p ro b lem is one to be v e r y a p p ro p ria te ly reco rd ed in th e p ages of Th i s Jo u r n a l, th e w riter has prep ared th e fo llo w in g b rie f a cc o u n t o f it.

T h e ap p en d ed an a lyse s are ty p ic a l o f th e su gar soils of B ritish G u ia n a , and in d ic a te th e ir w on d erfu l fe r tility fro m a s ta n d p o in t o f p la n t fo o d . T h e y ield and q u a lity , h o w e ver, of th e can e gro w n u p o n th em is v e r y o fte n d isa p p o in tin g, and th is is due to the fa c t th a t, m a n y o f th e se lan d s ly in g b elo w sea level, deep an d th o ro u g h d ra in a g e is w ell n igh im p ra ctica b le , w ith th e resu lts th a t as th e soil slo w ly an d co n tin u o u s ly decom po ses, th e su rro u n d in g an d u n d e rly in g w ater b ecom es ch arge d w ith a lk a lin e m ineral m a tte r, th e p ro d u c t of th is d eco m p o sitio n , and th is alk alin e m a terial e n terin g th ro u g h th e ro o ts, a cts in a v e ry deleterio u s m ann er u po n th e ju ic e of th e cane.

Soil Soil Soil fro m Pin.

from P in . fro m P in . H a m p to n

A lbion, F rien d s, C o u rt,

B erbice B erbice E sseq u ib o

(C o astal (R iv e r (C o astal

e sta te ) esta te ) e sta te )

W a te r a n d v o latile m a tte r . ,. , 18.050 19.660 14.503 In so lu b le m a t t e r ... . . 6 6 .2 5 0 6 5 .6 0 9 66.9 1 5

Iro n a n d a lu m in u m oxides .. 13.780 14.503 17.496

L im e ... 0 .3 4 5 0 .1 3 4 0 .3 1 6 M a g n e s ia ... 0 .6 2 9 0.431 0 .5 0 4 P o ta s h ... 0 .4 5 8 0 .4 9 5 0.5 0 1 S o d a ... 0 .1 4 8 0 .1 1 0 0 .1 1 2 P h o sp h o ric a c i d ... 0 .2 5 6 0 .2 2 4 N itro g e n ... 0.351 0 .1 9 6

No t e— T ho u g h w eighed as ferric oxide som e of th e iron in th e se soils is in th e ferro u s form .

T h e excess of m agn esia o v e r lim e in th e a b o v e is v e r y n o tice a b le , an d th is ap p e ars to be th e case th ro u g h ­ o u t in th e a llu v ia l soils of th e co lo n y.

C o m in g n o w to th e soil w a ters, th e w rite r exam ined a g re a t m a n y u n d er v a r y in g co n d itio n s o f rain fall e tc., fin d in g th e a lk a li, as d ete rm in ed b y titr a tin g w ith d ecin o rm al su lfu ric acid , to ran ge fro m a tra c e to 480 p a rts per m illion of w a te r, w h en c a lc u la te d as sod iu m ca rb o n a te ; wrhile th e to t a l m ineral m a tter, d eterm in ed b y e v a p o ra tio n of th e w a te r rose to over one p e r cen t of th e w a ter. T h is saline m a te rial en ter­

in g th e ro o ts o f th e g ro w in g can e w as fo u n d to produce fro m th re e to five tim es th e q u a n tity of ash in the ju ic e th a t is fo u n d in th e ju ice o f can e gro w n on well d rain e d soils. T h is ash, or m ineral m a tte r, o f the ju ic e co n c e n tra tin g in th e m olasses fro m th e process of th e su g ar fa c t o r y w as fo u n d (as so lu c id ly described b y G e e rlig s )3 to fo rm u n c ry s ta lliz a b le com po u nd s w ith th e sucrose, w h e re b y m uch su g ar is lo st. In order to b re ak u p th ese co m p o u n d s an d ren d er the su gar a v a ila b le it b ecom es n ecessary t o e m p lo y some

1 C h em ist to th e N ew C olonial C o., L td . 2

West Indian Bulletin,

9, I, 1-39.

3 " C a n e S u g a r a n d its M a n u fa c tu re .” b y H . C. P rin se n G eerligs.

D ec., 1913 T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 1013 such m eth o d , as osm osis or th e S teffen process, as is

in use in th e b e e t su g ar in d u stry .

Since th e soil w a te r co n tain s a large p rop ortion of m agn esia, w h ich in th e can e ju ice exercises an es­

p e c ia lly d eleterio u s effe ct in restrain in g th e c ry s ta lli­

z a tio n of su g ar, th e ex p erim e n t su g gested itse lf to th e w riter o f p re c ip ita tin g th e m agn esia fro m th e soil w a te r w ith a so lu tio n of h y d ra te of lim e. A s th is p ro v e d h ig h ly su ccessfu l, larg e q u an titie s of lim e (from tw o to th ree to n s per acre) w ere a p p lied to a larg e tr a c t o f su g ar lan d s, w ith th e resu lt th a t th e ju ic e of th e su b se q u e n tly gro w n can e w as v e ry m a rk e d ly im p ro ve d .

S U M M A R Y

O ne of th e ch ief o b sta cle s to p ro fita b le su gar p ro ­ d u ctio n in B ritis h G u ia n a is th e h ig h ly salin e ch ara cte r of th e soil w a te r, to overco m e w h ich e v e ry effort sh o u ld be m ad e to a ch ie v e deep an d th o ro u g h d rainage, w h ich can b e m ost a d v a n ta g e o u s ly su p p lem en ted b y h e a v y a p p lica tio n s o f sla k e d lim e to th e lan d . W here th e se rem ed ies are n o t p ra ctise d a large loss of su gar in th e fa c t o r y can be o b v ia te d o n ly b y em p lo yin g a sp ecial process, su ch as e ith er of th o se in d icated a b o v e , to se p a ra te th e su g ar from th e abn orm al q u an ­ t i t y of m ineral m a tte r p resen t.

Pl n. Al b io n, Be r b ic e

Br it is h Gu ia n a

M IC R O O R G A N IS M S IN C O M M E R C IA L L IM E -SU LFU R

1

B y C. A. Pe t e r s a n d A. W. Br o o k s R eceived O cto b er 13, 1913

M a n u fa c tu re rs of co m m ercia l lim e-su lfu r h ave been tro u b le d fo r som e tim e b y th e o ccasio n al th ick en in g of th e ir p ro d u ct w hen sto re d in barrels. A s far as can be a sce rtain e d secon d -h an d , w ooden barrels of a b o u t 50 g a llo n s’ c a p a c ity are used in hand ling the p ro d u c t, an d o f a larg e n u m ber of b arrels filled a t th e sam e tim e w ith th e sam e m a terial o n ly an occasional one w ill d ev elo p th e th ic k e n e d m aterial.

T h e n a tu re o f th e th ick e n e d p ro d u ct has n o t been u n d e rsto o d . In c o n siste n cy it resem bles a th in k e tch u p . In color it is n e a rly w hite, a lth o u g h seem ing to b e tin te d red b y th e lim e-su lfu r m oth er liquor.

T h e so lid m a tte r of th e m ix tu re rem ain s in suspension s e ttlin g b u t s lig h tly if a t all.

A q u a lita tiv e e x a m in a tio n , m ade b y the w riters, o f a sam p le o f th is th ick e n e d m a te ria l reve aled a n u m ­ ber of th in g s w h ich m a y be liste d as fo llo w s: ( i) W h en such lim e-su lfu r k e tch u p w as filtered and d ried th e resid u e w as la r g e ly su lfu r soluble in carbon disulfid. (2) N o sulfids, sulfites, or th io su lfate s w ere p rese n t in th e w ash ed residue. (3) W hen th ic k ­ en ed lim e-su lfu r co n tain in g th e suspended m aterial w as h e a te d , a clear so lu tio n w as o b ta in e d wrhich wras e v id e n tly th e origin al co n ce n tra te d lim e-su lfu r so lu ­ tio n . T h e s e resu lts in d ic a te d th a t th e p recip ita te w as la rg e ly , if n o t e n tire ly , su lfu r. T h is id ea w as confirm ed b y th e a p p ro x im ate q u a n tita tiv e conversion of th e resid u e fro m p o rtio n s of th e th ick en e d lim e- su lfu r m ix tu re in to b ariu m su lfa te. Such residues filtered on a sb e sto s or p a p e r -were w ash ed w ith w ater

1

M a te ria l a n d fu n d s fo r th is w ork were fu rn ish ed b y th e B ow ker Insecticid e C o m p a n y of B oston, M ass.

u n til th e filtra te w as colorless an d eith er dried a b o u t 15 hours in an e le c trica lly h eate d o ven a t 6 5 -7 0 °, and w eigh ed, or co n v e rte d in to bariu m su lfa te and w eighed. T h e resu lts are g iv en in T a b le I.

Ta b l e I — Co n v e r s io n o p Re s id u a l Su l f u rin t o BaSO<

W eig h t of residue S u lfu r calcu lated

on asbestos fro m B aSO t Difference

N o. G ra m G ra m G ram

1 0 .0 3 6 5 0 .0 3 8 4 + 0 .0 0 1 9

2 0.0431 0 .0 4 7 4 + 0 .0 0 3 3

T h e a m o u n t o f su lfu r registered in E x p e rim e n t i ,

°-°365 gram , w as tran sferred to a b ea k e r wdth he asbestos on w hich it w as filtered. T h e w hole m ass w as b oiled 15 m inu tes w ith 50 cc. of a 10 per cen t solu ­ tio n o f cau stic p o ta sh , and th e su lfu r oxid ized b y

50 cc. of o rd in a ry 3 per cen t solu tio n o f h yd ro gen p e ro xid e. T h e m ix tu re w as th en m ade acid ic w ith h y d ro ch lo ric acid , filtered th ro u g h p ap er and w ashed, a solu tio n of b ariu m ch lorid e ad ded to th e filtra te , and th e p re c ip ita te of b ariu m su lfa te dried, h eated , and w eighed.

In E xp e rim e n t 2, a 5 cc. p o rtio n of th e th ick e n e d lim e-su lfu r m ix tu re w as filtered on asbestos, th e residue w as wrashed u n til th e filtra te w as co lo r­

less, dried a b o u t 15 hours a t 6 5 -7 0 ° and w eighed.

A d u p licate p o rtio n w as filtered on h ard en ed paper, th e w ash ed resid u e se p a ra te d from th e p a p e r w as tre a te d in a b e a k e r w ith cau stic p o ta sh , and p re cip i­

ta te d an d w eigh ed as b ariu m su lfa te , as ju s t described.

T h e figures as g iv en are m u ltip lied b y tw o before in sertion in th e ta b le so th a t th e y m a y be com p ared d ire ctly w ith th o se o f E x p e rim e n t x. T h e resu lts are v itia te d b y th e occlu sio n of p o tassiu m salts b y th e bariu m su lfa te, and in E x p e rim e n t 1, in a d d itio n , p ro b a b ly , b y th e silica fro m th e asbestos, b u t th e y show an a p p ro x im a te ly q u a n tita tiv e co n version of th e su lfu r in to b ariu m su lfate.

T h e figures as g iv en are m u ltip lied b y tw o before in sertion in th e ta b le so th a t th e y m a y be com p ared d ire ctly w ith th o se o f E x p e rim e n t x. T h e resu lts are v itia te d b y th e occlu sio n of p o tassiu m salts b y th e bariu m su lfa te, and in E x p e rim e n t 1, in a d d itio n , p ro b a b ly , b y th e silica fro m th e asbestos, b u t th e y show an a p p ro x im a te ly q u a n tita tiv e co n version of th e su lfu r in to b ariu m su lfate.

W dokumencie The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 5, No. 12 (Stron 44-51)