1178.* Oil-retaining Bronze Bearings. A non. E ngineering, 1941, 152 (3944), 128.—
T in-bronze b earin g s p ro d u c e d b y th e com pression of p o w d ered alloys in to dies possess the v aluable fe a tu re of co m p risin g a b o u t 3 0 % b y volu m e, fine p o res o r cap illary spaces. T hey a re im p re g n a te d w ith oil b y im m ersio n befo re d esp atch , a n d th u s c an be m ade to ab so rb sufficient oil to m a in ta in th e w o rk in g su rfaces in a p e rm a n e n tly lubricated c o n d itio n th ro u g h o u t th e w o rk in g life. I t is, how ever, recom m ended th a t before a b earin g is a c tu a lly fitte d , i t s h o u ld b e d ip p ed in to a su itab le lu b ric a tin g oil to ensure a n oil film e x is ts a t th e o u ts e t b etw ee n th e b e arin g a n d sh a ft.
Porous b earings h a v e a p a rtic u la rly u sefu l a p p lic a tio n in cases w h ere oiling is difficult or is likely to be n eg lected . S e v eral con v in cin g ex am p les of th e ir reliab ility in p ra c tic e
are given. F . C.
1179.* Separation and Composition of a Lubricating Oil D istillate. M. R . Fenske a n d R . E . H erseh. In d u str. E n g n g Chem., 1941, 33, 331.— A n extensive s tu d y h a s been carried o u t on a n 8 % fra c tio n fro m P e n n s y lv a n ia n cru d e oil. T h e d istillate w as o btained b y com m ercial d istilla tio n fro m th e c ru d e a n d th e n dew ax ed to a 20° F . p our p o in t a n d g iv en a lig h t c la y tr e a tm e n t to a b o u t a 31 A .S.T.M . colour.
The tre a te d lu b ric a tin g oil fra c tio n w as th e n s u b je c te d to a sy ste m a tic se p a ra tio n procedure, in w hich th e oil w a s first e x tra c te d b y m ean s of 98—99% a ceto n e to y ield portions of successively d e creasin g so lu b ility , a n d th e n th e frac tio n s so o b ta in e d w ere distilled in a v a c u u m fra c tio n a tin g emit. T h e p o rtio n s th u s o b tain e d , co m prising 0'6—1*4% of th e o rig in al oil, allo w ed th e c o n stru c tio n of th re e dim en sio n al d iag ra m s incorporating yield, v isc o sity in d ex , a n d m o lec u lar w e ig h t o r visco sity . T hese diagram s p e rm it a n e s tim a tio n of th e d is trib u tio n of oil fra c tio n s w ith re sp ec t to m olecular size a n d m o lecu la r ty p e . F u r th e r , su ch th ree -d im e n sio n al d iag ra m s w h en
l l 2
4 7 0 A a b s t r a c t s.
employed in co njunction w ith g ra p h s of b o ilin g -p o in t a n d a m lin e-p o in t isotherm s superim posed on th e com position d iag ra m , su g g est m e th o d s fo r th e segregation of
any fraction of th e oil. . . . .
Com parison of th e p h y sical p ro p e rties of th e frac tio n s w ith th o se of synthetic hydrocarbons indicates t h a t th e oil fractio n s, w hile p ro b a b ly n o t p u re com pounds, are segregated into groups v a ry in g fro m m onocyclic n a p h th e n e s (C„H2J to polycyclic
arom atics (CnH 2jl.18). H . E . T.
1180.* Oxidation of Petroleum Lubricants. L. L. D avis, B. H . L incoln, G. D. Byrkit, and W. A. Jones. In d u str. E ngng Chem., 1941, 33, 339.— T h e o x id atio n of petroleum lu bricants is an a u to c ata ly tic reactio n , th e in itia l p h a ses of w hich h a v e been investigated by an oxygen a b so rp tio n te s t. B y m ean s of th is a b so rp tio n te s t th e effects of crude source, degree of refining, accelerators, a n d in h ib ito rs m a y b e stu d ied . Two types of inhibitors are distinguished— tru e a n ti-o x id a n ts a n d p ré c ip ita n ts , th e la tte r being only effective ag ain st m etallic accelerators.
O xidation p ro d u c ts are p ro x im a tely sep arab le b y so lv e n ts a n d ad so rp tio n m ethods.
F u rth e r, u ltim ate analyses of insolubles a n d oil-soluble resins, o b ta in e d b y stepwise separation from used oil, show decreasing oxy g en co n te n ts.
The final choice of in h ib ito rs m u st be d e te rm in e d b y p ra c tic a l engine tests. Such tes ts em phasize th e a d v an tag e s of c e rta in su lp h u r-b e a rin g d e riv a tiv e s (sulphur- bearing esters of th e “ M ethyl-S -linoleate ty p e a n d s u lp h u rize d d e fin e s derived from
petroleum w ax) over sim ple a n ti-o x id an ts. H . E . T.
1181. Physical Aspects of Boundary Lubrication. O. Beeck. J . appl. P hys., 1941, 12 (7), 512.—T his article is a review of b o u n d a ry lu b ric atio n research. D ata are given on th e fractio n of th e m acroscopic a rea w hich is a c tu a lly in c o n ta c t betw een the sliding surfaces, th e surface te m p e ra tu re of sliding m e ta ls, fric tio n m easurem ents u n d er b o u ndary conditions, a n d th e effect of su rface finish o n b o u n d a ry lubrication.
J . W . H.
1182. Frictional Phenomena, I. A. G em ant. J . appl. P h ys., 1941, 12 (7), 530.—This is one of a series of articles w hich will be p u b lish ed to fo rm a m o n o g rap h of viscous a n d related frictional forces. I n P a r t I th e fu n d a m e n ta l m a th e m a tic a l friction equations are discussed a n d th e ir ap p lic atio n to flow b e tw ee n p a ralle l w alls is con
sidered. J . W . H.
1183.* Heavy-Duty Motor Oils. H . C. M ougey. N a t. Petrol. N ew s, 20.11.40, 32 (47), 34—42.— I n trac in g th e p a s t a n d in d ic a tin g th e p ro b a b le f u tu r e tre n d s in the developm ent of b o th gasoline a n d diesel engine, th e in creasin g ly e x ac tin g demands m ade on lu b rican ts are stressed. T he de fin itio n of th e te r m “ h e a v y -d u ty ” is the su b ject of discussion, b u t sa tisfac to ry lu b ric a tin g oils m u s t re sist o x id atio n and chem ical decom position in th e cran k case, be non-co rro siv e, a n d su ch decomposition p ro d u cts as are form ed should cause no significant fouling of engine p a rts . A plea is m ade for th e co-ordination of th e d e v elo p m en t of fuel, lu b ric a n ts , a n d engines.
H . G.
1184. Patents on Lubricants and Lubrication. B. H . L incoln a n d A. Henriksen.
U .S.P. 2,244,886, 27.6.41. A ppl. 28.8.39.— P re p a ra tio n of a lu b ric a n t consisting of a m ajor pro p o rtio n of m ineral oil a n d a m in o r p ro p o rtio n of a s u lp h u r—chloride treated condensation p ro d u c t of a h a lo g en ated paraffin a n d a n a ro m a tic h y d ro c arb o n .
A. J . Morway. U .S .P . 2,245,702, 17.6.41. A p p l. 24.11.37.— P re p a ra tio n of a grease com position consisting of m in eral oil a n d 1 0 -4 0 % of a so d a-so ap a n d barium- soap m ixture, th e soaps being in a p ro p o rtio n of a b o u t 10 to 1, to a b o u t 1 to 1. The lu b rican t is su b stan tially anh y d ro u s.
A. F . Caprio. U .S .P . 2,245,649, 17.6.41. A p p l. 2.10.34.— P re p a ra tio n of a steam- urbine lu b rican t consisting of 50 p a rts of c h lo rin a te d d ip h e n y l a n d 50 p a r ts of a trh arylphosphate.
N. J . G o th ard a n d G. E n tw h istle , J n r . U .S .P . 2,245,772, 17.6.41.—A ppl. 21.9.39, u ricating grease is p rep ared b y th ick en in g a mineral-oil com ponent with a
ABSTR A C TS. 4 7 1 A soap. T he m a jo r p o rtio n of th e m in eral-o il c o m p o n e n t consists of e x tra c t o b tain e d by th e sulp h u ric a c id -n itro b e n z e n e tr e a tm e n t of a P e n n sy lv a n ia ty p e oil.
R. A. P o tte r. U .S .P . 2,246,415, 17.6.41. A ppl. 10.4.39.— P re p a ra tio n of a lu b ri
cant consisting of a m in eral lu b ric a tin g oil, fro m 0-5 to 4 5% of resin m ate ria ls, a n d sulphur in so lu tio n in th e lu b ric a n t in th e o rd e r of 4 0 % based o n th e resin co n te n t.
G. K a u fm an a n d R . S. B a rn e t. U .S .P . 2,246,467, 17.6.41. A ppl. 14.3.39.—
P rep aratio n of a s u b s ta n tia lly c o m p letely d e h y d ra te d lim e-soap lu b ric a n t free from glycerine. T h e lu b ric a n t co n sists of a m in eral lu b ric atin g oil, 1 0 -3 0 % of calcium fatty-acid soap a n d 0-5-3-0% of s u b s ta n tia lly n e u tra l lan o lin as a stab ilizer. E q u a lly a d e h y d rated lim e-soap grease c a n b e p re p a re d from a n a p h th e n e-b a se m in eral lu b ri
cating oil, lim e-soap of h ig h er s a tu r a te d f a tty acids, a n d 0 -l-0 -7 % of glyceryl m o n o stearate as a stab ilizer. T h e lu b ric a n t is sta b le ag ain st oil se p a ra tio n a n d does n o t break dow n w hen h e a te d to te m p e ra tu re s a t o r ab o v e its m eltin g p o in t.
E. J . B a rth . U .S .P . 2,246,712, 24.6.41. A ppl. 29.4.38.— P re p a ra tio n of a lu b ric a t
ing oil consisting of p e tro le u m lu b ric a tin g oil to w h ich h as been a d d ed a n effective am ount of d ila u ry l p h en o l d isu lp h id e .
H . G. B erger, D . E . B a d e rtsc h e r, a n d F . M. Seger. U .S .P . 2,247,042, 24.6.41.
Appl. 25.9.40.— A n ex tre m e -p re ssu re lu b ric a n t is p re p a re d b y ad m ix in g w ith a h y d ro carbon lu b ric atin g oil a sm a ll p ro p o rtio n of th e p ro d u c t o b tain e d b y th e re ac tio n of perchlorom ethyl m e rc a p ta n w’ith a n organic am ine.
H . G. B erger, D . E . B a d e rtsc h e r, a n d F . M. Seger. U .S .P . 2,247,043, 24.6.41.
Appl. 25.9.40.— P re p a ra tio n of a n e x trem e-p ressu re lu b ric a n t b y ad m ix in g a sm all p roportion of th e p ro d u c t o b ta in e d b y th e re ac tio n of p e rch lo ro m e th y lm e rca p ta n and an aro m atic h y d ro c a rb o n w ith a h y d ro c a rb o n lu b ric a tin g oil.
H . G. B erger, D. E . B a d ertsc h e r, a n d F . M. Seger. U .S .P . 2,247,044, 24.6.41.
Appl. 25.9.40.— P re p a ra tio n of a n e x tre m e -p re ssu re lu b ric a n t co n sistin g of a h y d ro carbon lu b ric atin g oil to w h ic h h a s b een a d d e d a sm all p ro p o rtio n of th e p ro d u c t obtained b y re ac tin g p e rc h lo ro m e th y lm e rc a p ta n w ith a n organic c o m p o u n d h av in g the general fo rm u la R O X . R is selected fro m th e g ro u p consisting of a lk y l, a ry l, alkaryl, a n d a ra lk y l rad icals, a n d X fro m th e g ro u p co nsisting of h y d ro g e n a n d th e hydrogen e q u iv a len t of a m eta l.
H . G. B erger, D. E . B a d e rtsc h e r, a n d F . M. Seger. U .S .P . 2,247,045, 24.6.41.
Appl. 23.10.40.— P re p a ra tio n of a n e x tre m e -p ressu re lu b ric a n t co n sistin g of a h y d ro carbon oil a n d a sm all a m o u n t of th e p ro d u c t o b ta in e d by th e re ac tio n of p erch lo ro m eth y lm ercap tan w ith a c o m p o u n d selected fro m th e g ro u p co n sistin g of organic com pounds c o n ta in in g re a c tiv e h y d ro g e n a to m s a n d organic co m pounds c o n ta in in g reactive m etallic ato m s. T h e re a c tio n p ro d u c t c o n ta in s b o th su lp h u r a n d chlorine, and is p re sen t in th e oil in sufficient a m o u n t to increase its lo ad -carry in g c ap acity .
H . G. B erger, D . E . B a d e rtsc h e r, a n d F . M. Seger. U .S .P . 2,247,046, 24.6.41.
Appl. 23.10.40.— A n ex tre m e -p re ssu re lu b ric a n t in w hich is a d m ix e d a sm all a m o u n t of th e p ro d u c t o b ta in e d b y th e re a c tio n of p e rc h lo ro m e th y lm e rc a p ta n w ith a co m pound of th e g en eral fo rm u la R S X . R re p re se n ts a ra d ic al selected fro m th e g ro u p consisting of alk y l, ary l, a n d a lk a ry l rad icals, a n d X re p re se n ts a n elem en t selected from th e g roup co n sistin g of h y d ro g e n a n d m eta l.
M. T. F la x m a n . U .S .P . 2,247,577, 1.7.41. A ppl. 14.3.38.— P re p a ra tio n of a lubricating oil co n ta in in g 1 -1 0 % of a n oil-soluble a lu m in iu m soap, a n d fro m 0-5 to 3% of a n organic n o rm ally liq u id am in e h a v in g h ig h v a p o u r p ressu re a t n o rm al te m p eratures a n d h a v in g also fluidizing a n d sp re ad in g p ro p e rtie s fo r th e oil—soap m ix tu re . U. B. B ray a n d D . E . C arr. U .S .P . 2,247,475, 1.7.41. A ppl. 23.11.36.— P ro d u c tio n of an over-refined low -V .G .C., h ig h ly paraffinic lu b ric a tin g oil c o n ta in in g a n a d d ed petro leu m -ex tract fra c tio n o b ta in e d fro m a p e tro leu m lu b ric atin g oil sto ck . T he e x tra ct frac tio n is soluble in selectiv e so lv e n ts fo r non-paraffinic m ate ria ls of th e petroleum lu b ric atin g oil sto c k , a n d is of re la tiv e ly h ig h m o lecu lar w eig h t a n d of arom atic c h ara cte r. I t h a s a g ra v ity of th e o rd e r 13—18° A .P .I., a n d is p re sen t in sufficient q u a n tity to im p a rt free d o m fro m s u b s ta n tia l corrosive a n d rin g -stic k in g tendencies.
4 7 2 a A BSTRACTS.
W A. Sm ith. U .S .P . 2,247,927, 1.7.41. A p p l. 11.4.38.— R e m o v a l of im purities from ' petroleum lu b ricatin g oils a n d m o to r a n d p e tro le u m h e a tin g fuels, increasing th eir colour sta b ility a n d red u cin g te n d e n c y to g u m a n d sludge form ation. The process consists in sim ultaneous tre a tm e n t w ith c o n c e n tra te d su lp h u ric acid an d an a ry l amine.
R . Bulkley, L. A. H a m ilto n , a n d V. A. K a lic h ev sk y . U .S .P . 2,248,848, 8.7.41.
Appl. 24.1.39.— P re p a ra tio n of a lu b ric atin g oil w h ich is re la tiv e ly sta b le against the form ation of acidic p ro d u c ts of o x id atio n . T h e co m p o sitio n consists of a completely refined lu b ricating oil, in itially free fro m acidic c o n stitu e n ts , a n d a sm all am ount of oil-soluble sulphonic acids deriv ed fro m th e tr e a tm e n t of lu b ricatin g -o il fractions w ith sulphuric acid.
B. H . Lincoln, W . L. S teiner, a n d A. H en rik sen . U .S .P . 2,248,925, 15.7.41. Appl.
2 9.3.3 9.— P re p a ra tio n of a lu b ricatin g co m p o sitio n co n sistin g of a m ajo r proportion of lubricating oil a n d a m in o r p ro p o rtio n of a h alo g en -b earin g a ro m a tic am ine.
W . A. Sm ith. U .S .P . 2,249,333, 15.7.41. A p p l. 10.5.38.— M e th o d of improving lubricating pro p erties of a n oil w ith o u t m a te ria lly th ic k e n in g it. T h e oil is brought into co n tact w ith a ir for a p e rio d of tim e d e p e n d e n t on th e te m p e ra tu re of the oil a n d th e efficiency of c o n ta ct betw een th e a ir a n d th e oil, a n d in a n y case u n til samples show t h a t ap p ro x im ate ly m ax im u m film s tre n g th h a s b e en o b ta in e d . T he oil is then im m ediately cooled.
E . Lieber. U .S .P. 2,249,564, 15.7.41. A ppl. 15.7.38.— P re p a ra tio n of a n improved lu b rican t consisting of a m ineral lu b ric atin g oil a n d a k e to n e of th e follow ing form ula
R - C - R ' OII
R is a n ap h th en ic rad ical h av in g a m olecular w e ig h t a t le a s t as h ig h as th a t of the n ap h th en ic radicals o b tain a b le from kerosine, a n d R ' is a closed-ring radical selected from th e group consisting of p o ly n u clear a ro m a tic h y d ro c a rb o n s a n d alkyl hydro
genated, oxy-, a n d n itro g en d eriv ativ es of a ro m a tic h y d ro c arb o n s.
E . Lieber. U .S .P . 2,249,565, 15.7.41. A ppl. 21.6.39.— Im p ro v e d lubricating oil ingredients consist essentially of n a p h th e n ic k e to n e s in w h ich polycyclic radicals are com bined w ith n a p h th e n ic a cy l rad icals of p e tro le u m n a p h th e n ic acids.
E . W . Cook a n d W . D. T hom as. U .S .P . 2,249,626, 15.7.41. Appl.13.3.41.—
P re p a ra tio n of a lu b ricatin g oil com p o sitio n c o n ta in in g a 2 : 4-dialk y lp h en o l sulphide in am o u n ts sufficient to e x ert sludge-dispersing p ro p e rtie s u n d e r h e av y d u ty sendee w ith o u t increasing bearin g corrosion.
L. A. M ikeska a n d E . L ieber. U .S .P . 2,250,545, 29.7.41. A ppl. 19.10.38.—
P re p a ra tio n of a lu b ric atin g com position co n sistin g of a m in e ral lu b ric atin g oil and from 001 to 10% of a soluble organic x a n th o g e n te tra s u lp h id e .
J . M. M usselm an a n d H . P . L an k e lm a. U .S .P . 2,251,686, 5.8.41. A ppl. 28.9.39.—
P re p a ra tio n of a lu b ric an t consisting of a n oil of lu b ric a tin g v isco sity to which has been added a sm all a m o u n t of th e p ro d u c t of re a c tin g c a rb o n d isu lp h id e w ith an amine, a n d reactin g th e p ro d u c t th ere o f w ith s u lp h u r in o rd e r to com bine a t lea st th ree atoms of to ta l sulphur.
B. H . L incoln an d A. H en rik sen . U .S .P . 2,251,738, 5.8.41. A ppl. 24.8.38—
P rep aratio n of a lu b ric a n t consisting of a m a jo r p ro p o rtio n of a lu b ric a n t base and a m inor p ro p o rtio n of a chloro p h th a lic acid.
M. S. Arguss, G. W . A yers, a n d H . S chindler. U .S .P . 2,251,774, 5.8.41. Appl.
28.12.39. I n order to reduce th e p o u r te s t of lu b ric a tin g oils, a n a d d itiv e is used consisting of th e con d en satio n p ro d u c t of h a lo g e n a te d p araffinic h y d ro carb o n and h ydrocarbon resin o b tain e d from p a rtly s p e n t decolorizing a d so rb e n t.
F . M. W atk in s. U .S .P . 2,252,793, 19.8.41. A ppl. 27.3.40— P re p a ra tio n of a lubricating com position consisting of a p e tro le u m lu b ric a tin g oil, 0-5-2-5% of basic calcium phenyl ste ara te , 0-5-3-0% of a solubilizer, a n d 0 -5 -l-0 % of a th io am id .
A BSTRAC TS. 4 7 3 a
J . E . S c h o tt a n d L . R . C hurchill. U .S .P . 2,253,399, 19.8.41. A ppl. 5.4.38.—
P reparation of a s u b s ta n tia lly liq u id a n d n o n -strin g y lu b ric a tin g oil, p a rtic u la rly suitable for use in diesel engines. T h e oil con sists of a h y d ro c arb o n m o to r oil of suitable visco sity h e a te d w ith a p p ro x im a te ly 1% b y w eig h t of a lu m in iu m s te a ra te and from 5 % to 2 0 % b y w eig h t of th e a lu m in iu m s te a ra te of trie th an o lam in e. T he resultant oil h a s im p ro v e d lu b ric a tin g p ro p e rtie s , b u t m a in ta in s visco sity a n d flu id ity
characteristics of th e u n co m p o u n d e d oil. H . B . M.