PRAWA PRYWATNEGO I HANDLOWEGO

Streszczenie

Autor w artykule analizuje zagadnienie problemu wykorzystywania prawa porównawczego przez sędziów orzekających w sprawach cywilnych i handlowych. Założeniem wyjściowym dla analizy jest fakt, że odwołania do prawa obcego przez sędziów krajowych występują bardzo rzadko. Zdarzają się one czasem w prawie publicznym, ale nie istnieją niemalże w ogóle w prawie prywatnym. Autor stawia tezę zakładającą, że stosowanie przez sędziów prawa porównawczego przy orzekaniu w sprawach cywilnych i handlowych powinno stać się regułą. Tezę tę uzasadniono, używając dwóch argumentów. Po pierwsze, autor przedstawia zalety, jakie niesie ze sobą wykorzystywanie prawa porównawczego w orzecznictwie cywilnym oraz możliwości jakie przedstawia w kontekście coraz dalej idącego ujednolicania systemów prawnych. Po drugie, autor daje uzasadnienie prawne powoływania się przez sądy krajowe na prawo zagraniczne i wyjaśnia, dlaczego taka praktyka jest dopuszczalna de lege lata oraz jak można by ją rozpowszechnić de lege ferenda.

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KEYWORDS

comparative law, judge made law, private law comparison, uses of comparative law by judges, US Supreme Court

SŁOWA KLUCZOWE

prawo porównawcze, prawo stanowione przez sędziów, komparatystyka w prawie prywatnym, wykorzystywanie prawa obcego przez sędziów, Sąd Najwyższy Stanów Zjednoczonych

Jon L. Mills

University of Florida

THE LAW SCHOOL’S ROLE IN PREPARING LEADERS