8 1 0 . * Large Houdry Catalytic Gasoline-Treating Unit. H . S. N o rm a n . O il Oas J . , 28.3.40, 3 8 (40), 106.-—Roforonco is m a d e to v a rio u s ty p o s of H o u d ry c a ta ly tic p la n ts in o p e ratio n , a n d a d e sc rip tio n is g iv en of a H o u d ry c a ta ly tic g a so lin e -tre a tin g p la n t a t 51areus H o o k , P a ., of 18,000 b rl. d a ily c ap a city . C racked a n d reform ed gasolino from th o c a ta ly tic c rack in g p la n ts is h e a te d b y h e a t exchange to 250° F . a t 200 lb. p ressu re, a n d in a fu rn ac e to 000° F ., a n d p asso d to one of th e tw o c a ta ly tic tr e a tin g cases a t 045° F . A fto r h e a t ex ch an g e i t p asse s to th o fra c tio n a tin g to w er a t 540° F ., w here 2 % o f p o ly m e r b o tto m s a re rem o v e d . T h e c a ta ly s t cases aro o p e ra te d in th re o -h o u r cycles, re g e n e ra tio n of ono to w e r boing effected b y blow ing a ir h e a te d to 700° F . th ro u g h i t a fto r p u rg in g w ith s te a m to rem ovo oil v a p o u r. T ho re su ltin g o x id atio n of m o rc a p ta n s, s u lp h u r, a n d c a rb o n d e p o sits raises tlxo te m p e ra tu re to 1000° F ., th e c a ta ly s t b ein g finally cooled to th o o p e ra tin g te m p e ra tu re b y a m o lte n sa lt-c irc u la tin g sy s te m . T re a tin g of th o gasolino re s u lts in a re d u c tio n of th e g u m (copper d ish ) from 35 to 6 m gm ., a n il givos a good colour, d o c to r sw eet a n d sa tis fa c to ry c o p p er s tr ip to s t p ro d u c t w ith o u t a n y loss in o c ta n e n u m b e r. Gasolino w ith co p p er d ish g u m te s ts of 200 m gm . liavo b e e n re d u c e d to 5 -7 m gm . b y th is process. C. L. G.
8 1 1 . * Caustic W ashing of Gasoline and Caustic Regeneration. L . 51. H endorson, G. W . A y res, a n d L . 51. R id g w a y . Oil G a s 28.3.40, 3 8 (46), 114.— I n a n in v e s tig a tio n in to t h e re a s o n fo r th o in co m p lete n e ss of t h e re g en e ratio n of c a u s tic so d a u se d for th o p re lim in a ry w a sh in g of c rac k ed a n d s tra ig h t-ru n gasolines fro m v a rio u s T ex as c ru d es, i t w a s fo u n d t h a t a n u m b e r of o rg an ic a cid s w ere p re s e n t in th e gasolines.
T h ese aro n o t a p p re c ia b ly h y d ro ly z e d in th o boiling a q u e o u s so lution, a n d co n seq u en tly c a n n o t bo rem o v o d b y s te a m re g en e ratio n , a lth o u g h th e y do n o t in terfere w ith th o re a c tio n o f th o low er b oiling a lip h a tic m o rca p ta n s. T ho acid s from th o so d a w ashing of a c rac k ed T e x a s gasolino larg e ly c o n sisted of o-thiocroosol, w ith sm aller a m o u n ts of p -th io c reo so l. th io p h e n o l, o-cresol, p h e n o l, a n d n a p h th e n ic acids. W a te r solublo acids, e.g., form ic, a cetic, is o b u ty ric , isovaleric, e tc ., w ere also id entified in th e cau stic-so d a o x tra c t. I n so m e cases th e w ater-so lu b le o rg an ic a cid s a m o u n te d to 70% of th o to ta l a c id ity , so t h a t a p re lim in a ry w a te r w a sh o f th e gasolino is in d ic ated . C. L . G.
8 1 2 . * Refining Characteristics of Mississippi Crude Oils. G. E g lo ff a n d G. B. Z im m er
m an . O il Gas J ., 28.3.40, 3 8 (46), 145.— A la b o ra to ry d is tilla tio n h a s b een c arried o u t o n tw o sa m p le s of c ru d o oils fro m th o T in sle y field, Y azoo C ounty, M ississippi.
T h o crudo oils h a d th o follow ing a v e ra g e p ro p e rtie s : S.G . 0-848; S u lp h u r 0-77% ; Cold te s t 15° F . ; V ise. S.U ./100° F . 69. E s tim a te d y ield s on refining w e r e : 250°
E .P .gasolino (61 O .N .) 12-0% , o r 400° E .P . gasoline (4 l'O .N .) 29-2% ; kerosino 9-5% ; lig h t g as oil 21-4% ; h e a v y gas oil 19-8% ; a n d re sid u e 19-9% . T h e lo w 'o ctan e ra tin g of th o gasolino in d ic a te s t h e n e c e ssity fo r c rac k in g a n d refo rm in g c rack in g of th e to p p e d c ru d e. A fte r re m o v in g th o 400° E .P . gasoline, refo rm in g th e n a p h th a a n d p o ly m e riza tio n o f th o c rac k ed gases gives 66-2% of 68/70 O .N . gasoline. W h en m ak in g 9-5%
kerosino, c rac k in g th e re m a in in g crudo, refo rm in g a n d polym erizing, a yield of 57-5%
of 67/69 O .N . gasoline is o b ta in e d . O m ittin g th e n a p h th a refo rm in g a yield of 40-5%
of c rac k ed a n d p o ly m e r gasolino of 68/70 O .N . is o b ta in e d , w hile w h en kerosino is m a n u fa c tu re d th e y ield o f c ra c k ed a n d p o ly m e r gasolino is red u ce d to 31-8% . T h e
2 5 G a ABSTRACTS.
s tr a ig h t- r u n gasolino is sw eet, b u t th e c ra c k ed m a te ria l re q u iro s sw ee ten in g a n d in h ib itin g . A y ield o f o v e r 2 5 % o f a s p h a lt m a y b e o b ta in e d b y b low ing. L u b ric a tin g - oil p ro d u c tio n w ould in v o lv e d ew ax in g a n d p ro b a b ly so lv o n t e x tra c tio n in a d d itio n to
decolorizing tr e a tm e n t. C. L. G.
813.* Factors Affecting the Refiner's Choice of Crudes. G. A. B eisw engcr. Petrol.
Tech., F e b . 1940, A .I.M .M .E . T ech. P u b . N o. 1155, 1-11.— W ith re la tiv e ly few e x c e p tio n s , a v ailab le p ro cessin g m o th o d s a n d a d d itio n a g e n ts m ak o i t th e o re tic a lly possiblo to p ro d u co a n y ty p e o f refined p ro d u c t fro m a n y c ru d o so u rce, a lth o u g h it m a y n o t be econom ically so u n d to d o so. T h e re is a p ra c tic a l lim it to th o p ro d u c tio n of hig h - q u a lity p ro d u c ts fro m in ferio r feed sto c k s. B y p h y sic a l a n d chem ical te s ts a n d a sm all-scalo d istilla tio n , it is possiblo to m a k e a selec tio n fro m c ru d es a cco rd in g to av ailab le p ro cessin g eq u ip m o n t a n d th o p ro d u c ts re q u ire d .
T h e dosirablo fe atu ro s a n d th e m ea n s w h e reb y th o y m a y bo o b ta in e d aro d isc u sse d for gasolines, kerosines, tr a c to r fuels, g as oils, lu b ric a tin g oils, a n d a s p h a lts , a n d th o c h a ra c te ris tic s of c ru d es su ita b le for giv in g v a rio u s p ro d u c ts aro in d ic a te d a n d also so t
o u t in ta b u la r form . G. D . H .
814.* Engineer and Chemist in the Refining of Petroleum . A. J . Z a n o tta . Bol.
In fo rm . Petroleras, Doc. 1930, NVT (184), 5 -1 8 .— T h is is a w e ll-illu s tra te d p a p e r in w h ich D r. Z a n o tta d e als w ith th e v a rio u s p ro cesses a p p lie d to th o c ru d o p o tro le u m in o rd e r to o b ta in m a n y d ifferen t p ro d u c ts o f im p o rta n co . H e p o in ts o u t th o esse n tia l p a r t p la y e d b y th o c h em ist in c o lla b o ra tio n w ith th e ongineor in p e rfe c tin g th o se
refining processes. H . I . L.
815.* Dehydration and D esalting of Petroleum in Mendoza. F e rm o M onti. B ol.
In fo rm . Petroleras, D ec. 1939, X V I (184), 27-29.— T h e p rc sen co o f larg e q u a n titie s of so d iu m chlorido in th o c ru d o oil h a s th e effect o f c h o k in g th o tu b e s of th e h e a t in te r- c h an g ers, of d e p o sitin g c a rb o n in th e s till tu b e s , of co rro sio n d u e to th e a cid re a c tio n s ta k in g place, a n d finally o f d e p o sitin g a s h in th e b u rn e rs of o il-b u rn in g p la n t a n d th u s in creasin g th e c o n su m p tio n . A n aly ses of th o oils a t C a eh o u ta a n d T u p u n g a to aro g iv en (T ab les 1 e n d 2), a n d p a rtic u la rs a ro g iv en of th e r e s u lts of d e h y d ra tio n a n d d e sa ltin g b y th e electrica l m o th o d . T a b le s 3 a n d 4 give p a rtic u la rs of th e tria ls c a rrie d o u t, w h ic h re s u lte d in a n efficiency of 85-54% . T h e b e s t r e s u lts w ere o b ta in e d e ith e r w ith o u t th o a d d itio n of e x tr a w a te r o r w ith th o a d d itio n of 10% of s o ft w a ter.
H . I . L.
816.* D esalting of Petroleum at Plaza H uincul. R . C arrozzi, L . H u d s o n , a n d V.
G arcia Cano. B ol. In fo rm . Petroleras, D ec. 1939, X V I (184), 30-34.— T h is a rtic le b e ars o n th e sam e s u b je c t a s th o foregoing a b s tr a c t. A ta b le is g iv en sh o w in g th o p e rce n ta g e o f s a lt c o n ta in e d in th o d iffere n t o ils e x tra c te d in th o A rg en tin e. R e s u lts o f tria ls b y c o n trifu g in g a n d b y h e a tin g u n d e r p ro ssu ro fo r t h e se p a ra tio n of s a lts in oils o b ta in e d a t P la z a H u in c u l a re show n in T ab les 2 a n d 3, -while tr e a tm e n t b y e le ctricity is d e ta ile d in T ab le 4. A t th e L a P l a ta refin e ry su lfo rric in a to of a m m o n ia is u s e d for d esa ltin g , in th o p ro p o rtio n of 1 to 8000 p a r ts b y v o lu m e of p e tro le u m (see T ab le 4). N e ith e r t h e o p o ra tio n o f co n trifu g in g n o r t h a t of h e a tin g u n d e r p ro ssu ro is as efficacious o r a s
efficient a s th o electric tr e a tm e n t. H . I . L.
817. Refining Patents. R . B . D ay . U .S .P . 2,189,058, 6.2.40. A p p l. 14.4.37. R e fining h y d ro c a rb o n oils b y c o n ta c tin g th o oil in th o ab sen co of h y d ro c h lo ric a c id w ith a d ry , p re fo rm e d solid re a c tio n p ro d u c t o f a zinc silic ato a n d h y d ro c h lo ric acid , th o sa id p ro d u c t b ein g s u b s ta n tia lly d e v o id o f frco h y d ro ch lo ric acid .
F . W . B ro th . U .S .P . 2,189,128, 6.2.40. A p p l. 17.7.36. R efining of m in e ral oil b y tr e a tin g w ith oloum in th e p resen c e o f a m em b e r of t h e g ro u p co n sistin g of u re a an d s a lts of u re a u n d e r s u lp h o n n tin g c o n d itio n s, a n d reco v e rin g fro m th e tr e a te d oil th e m ah o g a n y su lp h o n ic b o d ies fo rm ed d u rin g s u lp h o n a tio n .
J . V . S ta r r a n d G. A . B eisw engcr. U .S .P . 2,189,844, 13.2.40. A ppl. 18.10.33.
T re a tm e n t o f m in e ral oil c o n ta in in g a s p h a lt b y e x tra c tin g w ith a m ix tu re com p risin g a selectivo so lv o n t of t h e p h e n o l ty p e a n d a h a lo g e n a te d h y d ro c a rb o n h a v in g a specific g ra v ity h ig h er th a n 1.
ABSTRACTS. 2 5 7 A T. C. W h itn o r, J r . U .S .P . 2,189,850, 13.2.10. A p p l. 6.3.37. R em o v al of m o r
c a p ta n s fro m a s o u r p o tro lo u m d is tilla te b y c o n v e rtin g th o m o rc a p ta n s to c o p p er m er- c a p tid e s w hich re m a in d isso lv ed in th o d istilla to . S u b s eq u e n tly th e co p p er m er- c a p tid e s aro rem o v ed fro m th o d is tilla to w ith a n a lk y l am ino.
W . J . E d m o n d s . U .S .P . 2,189,885, 13.2.40. A p p l. 18.9.31. S e p a ratio n of w ax from oil b y d ilu tin g th o oil w ith a liquefied n o rm a lly gaseo u s h y d ro c a rb o n solvont a n d cooling th e m ix tu re to successively low er w ax s e p a ra tio n to m p o ratu ro s in a p lu ra lity of s e p a ra te ch am b o rs. T h o p re c ip ita te d w a x is s e p a ra te d from th o oil so lv en t m ix tu re in th e la s t c h a m b e r a n d t h e so lv e n t rem o v ed fro m th o dew ax ed oil.
C. E llis. U .S .P . 2,190,471, 13.2.40. A p p l. 26.8.38. S u lp h u ric a cid -tre a te d crackod p e tro le u m d is tilla to is tr e a te d w ith a h y d ro c arb o n -so lu b le h e a v y m e ta l s a lt of a p h enolic b o d y a n d insolublo m o tallie c o m p o u n d s allow ed to form . T h e re a fte r th o in so lu b le co m p o u n d s a re se p a ra te d a n d th o a b ility of th o d is tilla to to develop acidic c o m p o u n d s o n d is tilla tio n th u s su p p ressed .
J . B . S ta te n . U .S .P . 2,191,357, 20.2.40. A p p l. 15.12.37. P e tro le u m om ulsions of th e w ato r-in -o il ty p o c a n b e b ro k e n b y tre a tin g w ith c a c tu s juice.
J . B . R o g erso n . U .S .P . 2,194,269, 19.3.40. A p p l. 21.3.38. T re a tm e n t o f s a lt- im p re g n ato d c ru d o oil b y h e a tin g u n d e r su p o r-a tm o sp h eric p ro ssu ro a d a p te d to p re v e n t oxcossive d e p o sitio n of s a lt in th o h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t. T h e re a fte r th o prossuro is re d u ce d to a degree a d a p to d to effect v a p o riz a tio n o f w a te r a n d low boiling p o in t c o n s titu e n ts , a n d finally th o u n v a p o riz ed c o n s titu e n ts aro filtered to rem ovo th e c ry stalliz ed sa lt.
C. M. L oano. U .S .P . 2,194,312, 19.3.40. A p p l. 13.6.38. D e te rio ra tio n of rofinod m in e ral oils is p re v e n te d b y d isso lv in g in th o oil loss t h a n 0 0 4 % o f a p ro d u c t form ed b y co n d en sin g w ith a F rie d o l-C ra fts c a ta ly s t, ch lo rin ate d paraffin w ax w ith a co m p o u n d se lected fro m th o g ro u p c o n sistin g o f n a p h th o ls a n d p o ly h y d ro x y l benzenes.
D . L . P e n n in g to n a n d W . L . B e n ed ict. U .S .P . 2,194,321, 19.3.40. A p p l. 31.12.37.
R efining o f h y d ro c a rb o n d is tilla te s b y su b je c tin g th o m to th e sw eetening a ctio n of a co p p er co m p o u n d a n d a fte rw a rd s tr e a tin g th o d is tilla to w ith a s a lt of o rth o p h o sp h o ric acid to rem ovo o b jec tio n a b le re a o tio n p ro d u c ts .
C. W ir th . U .S .P . 2,195,833, 2.4.40. A p p l. 30.9.37. M ethod of rem oving s a lt w a te r o r brin o fro m h y d ro c a rb o n oil b y h e a tin g in a flowing stre a m to a te m p e ra tu re b etw een 325 a n d 375° F . a t su p er-atm o 3 p h o ric p re ssu re . A stre a m of w a te r is s e p a r
a te ly h e a te d to th e sam e te m p e ra tu re u n d o r sufficient prossuro to p re v e n t v ap o rizatio n , a n d th e tw o s tre a m s th e re a fte r com m inglod. T h e m ix tu re w hile s till in a h e a te d s ta te is in tro d u c e d in to a s e ttlin g c h a m b e r w h e rein th e c o n d itio n s aro su ch t h a t th e r e s u lta n t s a lt w a te r a n d de-sal te d oil a ro c a u s e d to s t ra tify .
G. W . J o h n s to n . E .P . 517,618, 5.2.40. A p p l. 27.7.38. R em o v al of p h e n o ls from oils a n d w a ste a q u e o u s liq u o rs b y e x tra c tin g th e oils w hile h e a tin g u n d e r p re ssu re w ith th o a id o f a w a ste a q u e o u s liq u o r c o n ta in in g p h en o ls. S u b s eq u e n tly th o e x tr a c t is s e p a ra te d a t a tm o sp h e ric o r in cre ased p re ssu re b y cooling in to p h e n o ls a n d w ato r c o n ta in in g p h en o ls. T h o l a t t e r is tr e a te d w ith e x tra c tio n o r a d so rp tio n a g e n ts for tho re m o v a l o f th o p h en o ls.
E . A. O con. E .P . 518,263, 22.2.40. A p p l. 12.7.38. P re h e a te d b itu m in o u s oil is in je c te d in to a flash zone a n d a s u b s ta n tia l p o rtio n t h u s v ap o rized . S u b seq u en tly h o t v a p o u rs a re p a sse d in to th o flash zone to increase th e a m o u n t of v a p o u rs a n d a p o rtio n , o f th o re s u ltin g re sid u es is s u b je c te d to d is tilla tio n u n d e r crack in g con d itio n s. T ho v a p o u r p ro d u c ts of d is tilla tio n a re filte red th ro u g h a n a b so rb e n t c o n ta c t m ass cap ab le of e lim in a tin g d e le terio u s coke-form ing su b s ta n c e s , a n d are a fte rw a rd s u sed as th o h o t v a p o u rs in th e flash zone.
G. AY. J o h n s o n . E .P . 518,745, 6.3.40. A ppl. 31.8.38. S e p a ra tio n of h y d ro g en c h lo rid e fro m m ix tu re s c o n ta in in g olefines o r diolefines h a v in g a t le a st fo u r carbon a to m s . T h o m ix tu re is b ro u g h t in to c o n ta c t w ith a liq u id s u b s ta n c e w hich is sta b le to h y d ro g e n c h lo rid e a n d h a s a boiling p o in t a b o v e t h a t of h y d ro g e n ch lo rid e a n d below t h a t of olefines o r diolefines in th o gaseo u s m ix tu re . H . B . 51.
2 5 8 A ABSTRACTS.