66. Patent on Solvent Extraction. H . J . H ib s h m a n (S ta n d a rd O il D e v elo p m en t Co., D elaw are). U .S .P . 2,344,406, 14.3.44. A p p l. 16.7.42.— I n a p ro cess fo r refining a p e tro leu m lu b ric atin g -o il frac tio n , th e oil is e x tra c te d w ith a m ix tu re consisting o f 7 0 -7 4 % b y volu m e of p h e n o l a n d 2 6 -3 0 % b y v o lu m e of w a te r, a t a te m p e ra tu re b e tw ee n 300° a n d 450° F . a n d a t a p ressu re sufficient to m a in ta in th e c o n ta c tin g m ate ria ls in liq u id p h ase. T h e e x tr a c t th u s fo rm ed is w ash ed w ith sufficient w a ter, c o n ta in in g o nly sm all a m o u n ts o f phenol, to p ro d u ce, a f te r se p a ra tio n of th e oil fro m it, a m ix tu re of p h e n o l a n d w a te r c o n ta in in g 4 0 -6 0 % b y v o lu m e of w a te r. I t is th e n cooled to o rd in a ry te m p e ra tu re s to cause se p a ra tio n of th e p h a se s, a n d th e p re d o m in a n tly phenolic p h a se is r e tu rn e d to th e o rig in a l e x tra c tio n zone. H . B. M.
Cracking.
67. Patents on Cracking. O. L . R o b e rts (A tla n tic R efin in g Co.). U .S .P . 2,343,927, 14.3.44. A ppl. 11.3.40.— H y d ro c arb o n s of h ig h b o ilin g p o in t a re c o n v e rte d in to th o se of low er b oiling p o in t b y h e a tin g th e m to a te m p e ra tu re b etw een 850° a n d 1000° F . in th e presence of a n in co m b u stib le, solid a d s o rb e n t c a ta ly s t a n d fro m 0-3% to 1-5%
b y w eig h t of su lp h u r dioxide. A fra c tio n b o iling w ith in th e gasoline ra n g e is s e p a ra te d fro m th e resu ltin g conversion p ro d u c ts.
A B S T R A C T S . 2 3 a
A B S T R A C T S .
lig h te r fractio n , w h ich is a fte rw a rd s isom erized in th e presence of p a r tly s p e n t c a ta ly tic m a te ria l p rev io u sly u sed in c a ta ly tic crack in g .
D . F . B ab co ck , A. W . L a rc h a r (E . I . d u P o n t d e N em o u rs a n d Co.). TES.P.
2,346,642, 18.4.44. A p p l. 30.12.37. To p ro d u ce e th y le n e a n d a ro m a tic h y drocarD ons, h ig h er-b o ilin g ta r r y m a te ria ls a re first rem o v ed fro m a n o rm ally liq u id °°?,r on fra c tio n , w h ich is th e n crack ed a t te m p e ra tu re s b e tw ee n 650° a n d 750 • e a v y oils a n d ta r r y c o n s titu e n ts a re rem o v ed fro m th e c rac k ed p ro d u c ts , all(i a e rw a r s u n c o n v e rte d ra w m a te ria l a n d m a te ria ls in a p p ro x im a te ly th e sam e b o ilin g ra n g e are se p a ra te d , also a lig h t a ro m a tic d is tilla te fra c tio n , a n d fin ally c rac k ed gaseous p ro d u c ts . T h e crack ed gaseous p ro d u c ts a re se p a ra te d in to th e fo llow ing fra c tio n s : a frac tio n c o n ta in in g h y d ro g e n a n d m eth a n e , a second c o n ta in in g e th y le n e, a th ir d c o n ta in in g th e a ro m a tic h y d ro c arb o n s, a fo u rth c o n ta in in g p re d o m in a n tly e th a n e a n d C3 a n d C4 h y d ro carb o n s, a fifth co n sistin g of a m ix tu re of C4, C5, C 6 a n d C7 a lip h a tic h y d ro carb o n s.
T h e fo u rth fra c tio n is c rack ed a t a h ig h e r te m p e ra tu re , a n d a d d itio n a l e th y le n e a n d a ro m a tic h y d ro c arb o n s a re recovered. T h e fifth fra c tio n is r e tu rn e d to th e firs t crac k in g zone, to g e th e r w ith th e u n c o n v e rte d ra w m a te ria l a n d c o n s titu e n ts b o iling in a p p ro x im ate ly th e sam e range.
J . G. A lth e r (U n iv ersal O il P ro d u c ts). U .S .P . 2,346,652, 18.4.44. A p p l. 16.8.41.
I n th e c a ta ly tic co nversion of h y d ro c a rb o n s a re fra c to ry liq u id is p a sse d th ro u g h th e c a ta ly s t bed. T h e liq u id com prises a h a lo g e n a te d p o ly n u cle ar c o m p o u n d .
J . E . G u y e r (P h illip s P e tro le u m Co.). U .S .P . 2,346,750, 18.4.44. A p p l. 14.4.41.
T o r e a c tiv a te solid c a ta ly s ts e m p lo y ed in th e c o n v ersio n of h y d ro c a rb o n s, a p o rtio n of a g as is p a sse d in to c o n ta c t w ith th e m to rem o v e h y d ro c a rb o n v a p o u rs. A n o th er p o rtio n of th e gas is m ix e d w ith o x y g e n -co n tain in g c o m b u s tio n p ro d u c ts to produce a m ix tu re of su ita b le re d u ce d o x y g en c o n te n t. T h e m ix tu re is th e n p a sse d in to c o n ta c t w ith th e c a ta ly s t to rem o v e c arb o n aceo u s m a te ria l b y c o m b u s tio n a n d gasifica
tio n . T h e gas u se d is g e n e ra te d b y b u rn in g fuel gas in a n a tm o sp h e re of com bustion p ro d u c ts h a v in g n o t m o re t h a n 10% of oxygen. T h e p ro p o rtio n s of fu e l a n d com b u s tio n p ro d u c ts a re so a d ju s te d as to p ro d u ce a gas c o n ta in in g carb o n dio x id e b u t b ein g s u b s ta n tia lly free of o x y g en a n d c a rb o n m o n o x id e. H . B . M.
Alkylation.
68. Reactions Catalyzed by Hydrogen Fluoride. F . 8. S p rin g . Progress of Chemistry A nnual Report fo r 1943, p. 105.— I n th e o rg an ic c h e m istry section, a su b -sectio n is d e v o te d to re a c tio n s c a ta ly z e d b y h y d ro g e n fluoride th e m a jo rity of th e s e reactio n s b ein g th e a lk y la tio n of h y d ro c arb o n s. T h e re a c tio n of b en zen e w ith propylene, iso b u ten e, eycZohexene, a n d cyclopropane is sh o w n to re s u lt in th e fo rm a tio n of iso- p ro p y l benzene, d iisopropylbenzene, tetrafso p ro p y lb e n z e n e , Zerf.-butylbenzene, di- ZerZ.-butylbenzene, cycZohexylbenzene, a n d ra-propylbenzene. T h e a lk y la tio n of n a p h th a le n e w ith p ro p y len e y ields tetrafs o p ro p y ln a p h th a le n e , a n d m -xylene w ith ZerZ.-butyl alcohol form s te rt.-b u ty l-m -x y le n o ; in a sim ila r m a n n e r n a p h th a le n e an d p h e n a n th re n e fo rm a tert. -b u ty l c o m p o u n d . J . W . H . 69. H. F. Alkylation Unit Placed on Stream in Record Time. J . H. K u n k e l. Petrol.
E n g r, S e p tem b e r 1944, 15 (13), 80/94.—-A d esc rip tio n is g iv en of th e n e w Socony- V a cu u m H .F . a lk y la tio n u n it a t P a u lsb o ro , N ew Je rse y , a n d also of th e b re a k -in ru n p re p a ra tio n s t h a t m ad e possible th e re co rd on s tre a m tim e of 7 h rs. T h e o p e ratio n a n d c o n stru c tio n of e v a c u a tio n sy stem , feed s a lt d riers a n d d e h y d ra to rs , a n d th e d e h y d ra to r reg en e ratio n sy stem , a c id c o n tra c to r a n d its re frig e ra tio n sy ste m , acid s e ttle r, a cid re g en e rato r, ac id strip p e r, a n d th e h y d ro c a rb o n d istilla tio n se c tio n a re d escrib ed a n d illu s tra te d . T h e a c id a re a h a s its ow n closed w a te r sy s te m , to av o id ris k of c o n ta m in a tin g th e m a in refinery cooling w a te r su p p ly . D riocel is u s e d in th e feed d e h y d ra to rs, a n d b a u x ite tre a te rs a re u sed to re m o v e org an ic fluorides fro m th e d e-iso b u tan iser b o tto m s in th e d istilla tio n section. T y p ic a l a n aly se s a re p ro v id e d o f ch arg e sto ck , iso b u tan e recycle, c o n ta c to r ch arg e, h y d ro flu o ric acid , lig h t a n d h e a v y a lk y la te , w ith d e ta ils of a cid c irc u la tio n a n d h y d ro c a rb o n r a tio s in th e c o n ta c to r.
F o u r m en w ith p rev io u s g a s-p la n t exp erien ce w ere selecte d a n d g iv e n th e o re tic a l a n d p ra c tic a l tra in in g in th e o p e ra tio n of a lk y la tio n u n its befo re p ro ceed in g to P a u lsb o ro
A B S T R A C T S . 2 5 a
to p re p a re th e p la n t for placing on stre am . T h e b reak -in ru n w as ach iev ed w ith th e use of iso b u tan e only, in stea d of th e m ix ed feed, a n d occupied 6 days. T h e p la n t w as first e v ac u ate d , a n d th e o rd er in w hich sections w ere b ro u g h t in to o p eratio n , to g e th e r w ith precise d e ta ils of each ste p of th e o p eratio n , are given. T h e b re ak -in r u n en ab led p ro d u c tio n of a lk y la te to be ach iev ed 9 h rs. a fte r in tro d u c tio n of acid in to th e sy stem , a n d 7 h rs. a fte r com m encem ent of ch arg in g B -B frac tio n s to th e u n it.
R . A. E . 70. Patents on Alkylation. F . H . B ru n er, L . A. Clarke, a n d R . L . S aw yer (T he T exas Co.). U .S .P . 2,345,095, 28.3.44. A ppl. 4.5.39. I n th e a lk y la tio n of h y d ro c arb o n s, a n isoparaffin is re ac te d w ith a n olefin in th e presence of a liq u id c a ta ly s t com posed o f w a te r s a tu r a te d w ith b o ro n trifluoride.
P . L obdell a n d G. L . M atee r (S ta n d a rd Oil D ev elo p m en t Co., Ohio). U .S .P . 2,346,770, 18.4.44. A ppl. 27.2.39. I n th e p ro d u c tio n o f n o rm ally liq u id , s a tu ra te d b ran c h e d -ch a in h y d ro c a rb o n s in th e gasoline ra n g e b y re a c tin g a p araffin m ix tu re c o n ta in in g isoparaffin a n d n o rm al paraffins w ith a m ono-olefin, th e follow ing im p ro v e m e n t is in co rp o ra te d . F ro m th e re a c te d m ix tu re a frac tio n is s e p a ra te d w h ich co m prises essen tially u n re a c te d isoparaffin a n d a n y lig h te r h y d ro c arb o n s form ed. A fte r
w ard s th e re is se p a ra te d fro m th e re su ltin g re sid u al re ac te d m ix tu re a frac tio n c o n sistin g essen tially of n o rm a l paraffin. A t le a st p a r t of th e isoparaffin fro m th e first s e p a ra te d fra c tio n is p assed to th e a lk y la tio n zone. H . B . M.