UT IttUACC C*T»it ■tttlt

S B u t Furuaces sb360Q T. Pig Iron per Hr*.

Total B .F Q u prod, per Hr. --J*.430.000 cu. ft. — 1 O i l E q u i v a l e n t to - 300.000 B. H . P. (in G u Engine*.)

Mt H

4

or 6. «50.000 cu. ft.

per Hr.

»aom

T.5°fo Used Here or 1.700.000 cu. ft.

per Hr. F*ir Spare Steam Blower. 1'ressure and other Pumps, steam for Gas Prvxl. heating o f bids*, etc.

*um« as istsa 2.5°Jo Used Here and', in Prim ary Washers»

or 600,000 cu. ft.

per Hr.

UOVilS (Ui*£

83251

12.5°fo Used Here or 3.800,000 cu. ft. per Hr. 2 .5 o;0 used for auxiliaries fo r Blast Furnaces themselves (in gas engines) or

€00,000 cu. ft. per Hr. Total for furnace operation 15 p er ceut.

o r 3,400.000 cu. ft. per Hr.

HICTBCU PCtU FLUT Rem aining 45»>‘o available for other purposes o r 1 0,0 0 0.0 0l‘'cu.

ft. per Hr. Equivalent to 110-' 000 B. H. P. (in gas engines) with gas at 90 B T .V . per cu. ft. an-*

10.000 B .T .U . per B.H .P. ioa r gas consumption.

F is . 24. D ia g ra m fo r b la s t fu rn ac e £as.

N E W P L A N T S . 217

By W . C . Eb a u g i i.

Much interest has been aroused in m etallurgical circles by the test m ade w ith the F in k sm elter a t the B oston Con­

solidated C om pany’s plan t a t Garfield, U tah . T he suc­

cessful operation of the e x ­ perimental furnace during its trial run— when concen trates containing ab ou t tw en ty per cent, of copper were reduced to blister copper in a short space of tim e— has led the more enthu siastic and h op e­

ful sm elterm en to assert th a t a revolution in the treat­

ment of fines has been ef­

fected, and th a t m any prop­

erties th a t can n ot be oper­

ated a t a profit under present conditions w ill be m ade of value through the introduc­

tion of the new process of smelting. W hether these claims are too ex tra v a g a n t can be determ ined on ly after operations h ave been carried on under com m ercial condi­

tions upon a larger scale.

As shown b y th e accom ­ panying illustrations the F in k plant consists essen tially of two large rotatin g com part­

ments, lined w ith refractories, betw een which is a flue for the passage of th e gases from one com p artm en t to another, as well as the openings for th e introduction of the fuel.

These sm eltin g com p artm en ts or cylinders are m ade in the

THE FINE SMELTER. shape of truncated cones placcd base to base, connected a t one end w ith the central flue and a t the other w ith a chim ney.

In the plant a t Garfield, which is estim ated to have a d aily ca p a city of one hundred tons, these cylinders arc nine fe et in len gth, nine feet in m axim um diam eter, and taper to seven feet a t the ends. T h e lining reduces the m axim um internal

d iam eter to ab ou t seven feet. Each end of the cylind er has an openin g three fe et in diam eter. T hese cylind ers are rotated by friction on trunnion wheels, b u t in future in stalla­

tions it is planned to h ave direct gear drives in order to avoid slipping.

T he fuel is introduced through c a st iron, muffle- shaped pipes th a t can be seen below the central flue. E ither crude oil or powdered coal can be em ployed , and a s a m atter of fa ct the Garfield plan t w as b u ilt to be run w ith oil, b u t failure to ob tain a su pp ly a t the tim e of th e test resulted in a m odification of th e feeding m echanism so th a t powdered coal could be used, and this fuel w as found to be satisfactory. W hen i t is rem em bered th a t coal and coke for sm eltin g purposes are necessarily expensive, be­

cause of th e high grades re­

quired, it is evid en t th a t a fur­

nace th a t can use slack coal (eith er anth racitic or b itum in­

ous) , crude oil or even saw dust as a fuel has a d istin ct ad van ­ tage over th e ordinary smelter.

F ig 2.— F r o n t v ie w o f th e n ew F in k sm e lte r.

P h o to g ra p h b y C. W . H iggins. C o u rte sy of S a lt L a ke M in in g Review.

F ig . 1.— T h e F in k 100-ton s m e lte r a t G arfield , U ta h . P h o to g ra p h b y C. W . H ig g in s. C o u rte sy of S a lt L a ke M in in g R eview .

a iS T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y . M ar., 1909 Through the top of the central flue, tuyères, that reach cylinder is then rotated, and th e gases from th e sm elting into the charge in the cylinder, can be introduced. T hese operation going on in th e other cylin d er are led con-tuvèrcs are provided w ith magnesia tips and are water- secu tiv ely through the m iddle flue, the cylind er w ith the jacketed. Screw conveyors carry the charge from the bins fresh ore, a d u st cham ber, a n d th en ce to th e stack . No through the w alls of the stack com partm ents a t the ends fuel is required directly for th e roasting, th e sulphur from th e ore and the h eated gases from the other cylind er suf­

ficing. A t th e proper time th e charge in th e oth er cyl­

inder is rem oved, and the now roasted ore, in th e cyl­

ind er w ith w hich th e explana­

tion w a s started , is ready to b e reduced to m a tte. Burn­

in g fuel is blow n in to the cylinder, th e particles o f ore in th e finely divided condi­

tion are q u ick ly reduced to m atte, and ordinary slag is form ed. Care m ust b e taken to regu late th e com position o f th e charge properly and to sto p th e operation a t the right tim e. I f i t should hap­

pen th a t th e blow had con­

tinued too lon g som e fresh ore or flu x could be intro­

du ced and restore th e charge t o its desired c on d ition . This factor o f ease in regulating by c . w . H « « ™ . t a r n « c t S 4 i L a ir M i , i R ^ . ü , e v a r io u s o p eratio n s in the cylind er is considered as an-0* t>'e cylir-ciers and d irectly into t-ie sm elting cylinders. oth er ad van tage o f the process. S la g is tapped through one Around the m iddle Ene o f « c h cvHuder a ie three tap holes o f th e three tap holes alon g th e m iddle lin e o f th e cylinder,

So t the removal o; siag, m a tte or m etal, a n d th e rem aining m atte is bessem erized b y h a v in g the In the F ink sm elter th e inventor nos applied th e principie tu yères introduced through th e to p o f th e cen tral flue, of the tevoivtn g rooster or h a c k a sh tnrnsce, b a t w ith th e through th e h ole a t the end o f th e cvlin d er an d directly im portant difference th a t in

th is instan ce there i s n o end fire b ox. th e fuel being b u n : in th e cylinder itself. There is the additional advan tage that w hen a bessemeririr.g action is w anted it is carried o n t in th e sam e cylinder through th e introduction, « tuyères, as indicated in the preceding -.v.ragra;-'-. i t is p s s M e . therefore, to first roast, then sm elt to a n s itw . an d finally bessemerire the s s a t íe w itb o c t e v er remov­

ing: th e charge from one cylinder. I t is this econom y

« labor, a s well as econom y o f tee!, that m akes the nc-.t process attractive.

In operating the furnace b o th cylind ers are in a s e a t th e sam e tim e. T he C R so r concentrates are fed in to one cylind er which still con tain s

the slag iront a -.-receding 1—t o . - ! i e ñ e « . & j < K ! { ú e s i a «vitas« m b s cf t i e F i a i s s â t s . hessam erinng blo-ir. The i y c . ti*. Ct>crtesy oí Si.-; ¿-¿it .Ucrôv

Q U O T A T I O N S . 219

220 T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y . M ar., 1909

A Short Pharmaceutic Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic.

B y I. V. S t a n l e y S t a n i s l a u s , M.S., P h .D ., Professor of Pharm acy and Organic Chem istry and Dean of the School of Pharm acy of the Medico-Chirurgical College of P hila­

delphia, and C h a r l e s H. K i m b e r l y , B.S. (in Pharm acy), P h .D ., Professor of A pplied Chem istry in the School of Pharm aceutic Chem istry of the Medico-Chirurgical Col­

lege of Philadelphia. Second Edition. P. B lakiston’s 'in tellectual equipm ent. Books for their guidance should be simple and clear, and need not be very exten sive in scope. hypophosphorous acid, m etapliosphoric .acid , hydrochloric acid, nitrom uriatic acid and the chlorine oxyacid s. On

B O O K R E V I E W S A N D N O T I C E S . transm ission of power, air com pressors, refrigeration, h eat­

in g and ven tilation , and dyn am ic electricity. Volum e II Calculations, Beer Standards, M iscellaneous Inform ation, D iction ary of Technical Term s in Germ an and English.

Under Brew ing O perations are to’ be found the follow ing su bd ivisions: ferm enting cellar operations, special brewing system s, special A m erican b otton l-ferm en tation beers, production of thick-m ash beers in G erm any and A ustria, chip-ferm entation beers in th e U n ited K ingdom , America and G erm any; com bination o f various beers, brewing losses

222 T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y . Mar., 1909 from m alt mill to platform, bottling of beer, treatm ent

and protection of surfaces, and treatm ent of boiler water.

The work is all the nam e im plies and in point of usefulness m ay be compared to K ent in the engineer’s library, or to Chemiker-Kalender and I.unge’s pocket book, in the chem ­ ical laboratory. T he printing, paper and binding are e x ­ cellent and the ind ex com prehensive. \V. D. Richardson. Handbook for Cement W orks Chemists. Frank B. Ga te­

house. J. B. L ippincott Co.: Philadelphia. Price, $1.75.

The author is chem ist to the Dartford Cement Works, England. I t is a work intended to serve a double purpose, nam ely, a guide to chem ists w ithou t extended experience and at the sam e tim e a valuable reference book for the

experienced chem ist. C. N . Wiley.

Factory Glazes for Ceramic Engineers. B y A. West, R iding Expert. E . and F. N . Spon, L td ., 57, W aym arket, L on ­ don. Price, 42 s. net.

Glazes for the tem perature "of the so ft porcelain kiln,”

using the follow ing constituents: feldspar, Cornish stone, whiting, barium carbonate, oxid e of zinc, china clay, and flint. U nfavorably review ed in Brit. Clayxorker, 17, 241-2.

H . E . Ashley. An im portant volum e upon “The Design, Construction and M aintenance of Sewage Disposal W orks,” b y H ugh P. Raikes, has recently appeared in England. (D . Van N ostrand Company, New York.) The problem of Sew age D isposal is one which is receiving necessarily m uch a tten ­ tion in this country, and w hich is certain to be an increas­

ing factor in the w ell-being of all thickly settled com m unities.

T his work, therefore, of Mr. R aikes is a valuable m anual and as it is a practical and com plete treatise it w ill certainly dem and the atten tion of our civil engineers generally as well as the municipal officers of our tow ns and cities. I t forms an S vo. volum e o f over 400 pages, well illustrated, and price, $4.00, net.

Dr. George F, Lunge, the w ell-know n author o f the standard work on “Sulphuric Acid, A m m onia,” etc., which has been translated in to English, also auth or of “The A lkalies Makers’

Hand B ook ,” in collaboration w ith the late Dr. Ferdinand Hurter, has recently prepared a new and revised edition o f this la tter work under the title o f the “Technical Chem­

is t’s H and B ook .” Practically, this m ay be stated as an entirely new work, inasm uch a s the add ition s and the general revision have been so exten sive and thorough. A more com plete treatm ent o f the subject m atter w a s p u b lis h e d in th e German, in 1904-5, and a translation of this, edited by Dr. Chas. A. Keane, is in course of publication under the title o f "Technical M ethods of Chemical A nalysis,”

of which volum e 1 (in 2 parts) has appeared (price, $15.00).

T he publishers in this country of these works are “ The D. Van Nostrand Com pany.”

Proi. S. P. Thom pson has in preparation a new book on

“ The Electric Production o f N itrates from th e A tm osphere.”

1 here are no im portant works o n the su b ject a t present and the new volum e w ill be welcom ed b y the m any engineers and chem ists interested, especially a s Prof. Thom pson has taken a forem ost part in th e investigation s carried on along this line. Two German works have previouslv appeared on th is su bject: D on ath and F ren iel, D ie Itthnischc A u s

-nutzung des Atm osphärischen Stickstoffs, 1907; and Vageier, D ie B in dung des Atm osphärischen Stickstoffs in N a tur und T echnik, 1908.

S alter’s translation of Gregorius’s M anual on "Mineral W axes,” is som ew h at im portant as th e very sc a n ty litera­

ture, a t lea st in English, on the su b ject is apparent. T he m anufacturing industries, how ever, in th e lin e of paraffin, ceresine, and more recen tly mineral w ax, rank am ong the im p ortan t branches of technical chem ical production, and therefore th is work will probably prove of valu e to all those engaged in such industry. P rice is $3.00, net.