While empirical formulas are liable to change styles in accordance with the judgment of the individual observer or experimenter, the fundamental formula for an internal-pressure sphere cannot change. It is based on the reasoning that the internal pressure must be bal
anced by the cohesion, or tensile strength of the shell. Hence, for a hollow sphere external corrosion or scaling. The addi
tion of I in. for the manhole is inde a molecular readjustment takes place, leaving the shell plates in no worse condition structurally than they were before rolling.
ferential expansion between the stay- bolts and the shell. Another objection
sponsible for the formulas submitted for the design of heads. The “old”
formula was in the boiler code of the A.S.M.E. for many years. As the years went by, the defects of the old head be
came manifest and the “new” formula was borrowed from the Massachusetts boiler code. A still better head is the areas is unnecessary. The temperature of the fluid in some pressure vessels gasket and the bearing surfaces.
The worst case of differential expan supplements the elongations and the ex
pansion of the bolt is compensated. sufficient to prevent leakage, as the bear
ing pressure is very high.
C. O . Sa n d s t r o m. Thermal Engineering Co.
Los Angeles, Calif.
Correction—The address of the Nukem Products Corp., makers of Basolite, is Buffalo, N. Y. It was incorrectly given on page 655 of the December, 1932, number.
F ebruary, 1933 — Chemical & M etallurgical E ngineering 91
BOOKSHELF
the overstatement and misstatement, the demagogic type of appeal. Technocracy and its tenets contain more than a germ of truth which it would be a pity to jet die. If any good is to come, of what has already been accomplished, more engineers than the few who remain in the sundered technocratic groups should take it upon themselves to carry on the through tons of near-technocratic slush.\ Raymond s book is nothing less than a wind-fall. Straight reporting that it is, it is none the less a careful, trade catalog section of advertisements of equipment and supply firms in this industry. The subjects treated include a history of the development, physical properties of liquefied petroleum gases and their mixtures, analytical methods, production, methods, transportation, use the authoritativeness which might have been achieved by indicating the original sources from which technical and scien
tific information has been drawn. In this regard this reviewer feels that it is notably lacking in giving real credit to some of the important pioneers, both companies and individuals. Despite this limitation it affords the most compre- hensive reference work thus far avail
able on the propane-butane industry.
A P ictu re o f A m erican In du stry
merce and business administration con
tains 39 chapters devoted to our mai or industries as well as chapters on labor and on trade associations. Process in
dustries induded are: Pulp and paper, rubber, leather, sugar, petroleum, glass cement, chemicals, and paint, varnish!
and lacquer; metallurgical industries!
iron and steel, copper, lead, and zinc I he discussion of the food industries aside from agriculture, is limited to meat packing, hshing, and sugar—a rather unbalanced diet. The broad scope of the book is indicated by the inclusion of chapters on book publishing, news
papers retailing, hotels, and banking.
Each industry ¡s discussed according to the following general plan: earlv history growth, geographic location rau materials, manufacturing method*
important products, marketing, financ
ing, labor, company organization, ini- tcompan:es legislation, and pos
sible future developments. The indi
vidual chapters were contributed bv tiveT1"1”" ° r tFade associat' on
representa-This comprehensive work should be
tion were probably disappointed when they found that Professor Zanetti had and industrial development in this coun
try. If knowledge so presented can filter into the Halls of Congress and register even a few of the most elementary facts about the domestic nitrogen industry, the purposes of the Chemical Founda
tion will have been justified. But hav
ing accomplished that, Professor Zanetti u-S a / u rt'ler obligation to discharge.
His trip to Chile and the months he spent in investigation in this country must have given him a much more inti
mate and authoritative viewpoint than is reflected in these pages. In the inter electrodes for electrothermic and elec
trolytic work as well as miscellaneous
tell s Industrial Carbon” from which 92
Chemical & M etallurgical E n g in e e rin g — VolAO , N 0.2
A rndt quotes freely and from which he carbon articles, particularly for the data on European manufacturing practice.
C o r r e c tio n
The Silver Anniversary pamphlet of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers was reported in these col
umns in December as generally avail
able from the office of the Secretary, in the Bellevue Court Building, Philadel
phia, at fifty cents per copy. This was
the authors to rely largely on disclosures in patents.
In their introductory chapter, the authors have presented a complete sum
mary of the theoretical and practical aspects of catalysis. This discriminat
ing review is of great value in inter
preting and evaluating the subsequent reactions. The concluding chapter con
tains a valuable review of the apparatus of reaction. This discussion should prove of interest to workers in all
ploitation of new industrial processes.
The necessity for compiling and organizing the rapidly developed litera
ture on catalytic oxidation in the vapor phase has been apparent to students and workers interested in this subject.
This work contains 1,285 references an covers in a comprehensive manner the oxidation processes involved in the pre
paration and utilization of Para* " J iy'
thracene constitute an excellent review of the published literature. Here owing to the difficulties in obtaining industrial cooperation, it has been necessary for