Uitlees-eenheid voor een frequentie gemoduleerd signaal

ÜITLEESEENHEID VOOR EEN FREQUENTIE GEMODULEERD SIGNAAL.

Rapport n r .

122,

Door M. Buitenheko

L a b o r a t o r i u m voor Scheepsbouwktinde.

Technische Hogeschool - D e l f t .

november

196^.

U i t l e e s e e n h e i d v o o r een f r e q u e n t i e gemoduleerd s i g n a a l .

Door

Mo

B u i t e n h e k .

S a m e n v a t t i n g .

I n d i t r a p p o r t w o r d t een a p p a r a a t b e s c h r e v e n d a t h e t m o g e l i j k

maakt ori e l e c t r i s c h e s i g n a l e n n e t een w i s s e l e n d e a m p l i t u d e en een

w i s s e l e n d e f r e q u e n t i e i n g e t a l - v o r m aan t e b i e d e n aan een d i g i t a l e

e l e c t r o n i s c h e rekenmachine.

De e l e c t r i s c h e s i g n a l e n worden v e r w e r k t met b e h u l p van een f r e

q u e n t i e gemoduleerde m a g n e e t b a n d r e c o r d e r , de h i e r n a beschreven t e l

-l e r en een p a p i e r b a n d ponaer.

I n l e i d i n g .

Daar h e t opmeten van een r e g i s t r a t i e van een o n r e g e l m a t i g f l u c

-t u e r e n d v e r s c h i j n s e l ( z i e f i g . l ) -t i j d r o v e n d i s , werd een a p p a r a a -t

o n t w i k k e l d d a t h e t analoge s i g n a a l omzet i n een d i g i t a l e r e g i s t r a t i e ,

welke v e r w e r k t kan worden door een d i g i t a l e rekenmachine..

— t

De e l e c t r i s c h e s i g n a l e n , b i j v . a f k o m s t i g van de r e g i s t r a t i e

van een w a t e r g o l f o f de, door de g o l v e n v e r o o r z a a k t e bewegingen van

een scheepsmodel,worden opgenomen op een f r e q u e n t i e g e n o d u l e e r d e

magn e e t b a magn d r e c o r d e r . I magn t e g e magn s t e l l i magn g t o t h e t aamagngebodemagn amagnaloge s i g

-n a a l ( a m p l i t u d e gemoduleerd) waaraa-n me-n ee-n p o l a r i t e i t ka-n toeke-n-ne-n

i s d i t met een f r e q u e n t i e gernoduleerd s i g n a a l n i e t m o g e l i j k .

2

-De i n f r e q u e n t i e omgezette a m p l i t u d e v a r i a t i e s gaan u i t van

••n

f r e q u e n t i e n i v e a u , d a t hoger o f l a g e r w o r d t met de a m p l i t u d e van h e t

aangeboden s i g n a a l .

Het a m p l i t u d e gemoduleerde s i g n a a l u i t f i g .

1

i s i n f i g .

2

ge-t e k e n d a l s een f r e q u e n ge-t i e gemoduleerd signaal»

C L

E

O

f i g .

2

De rekenmachine z a l l a t e r de ger.iddelde f r e q u e n t i e van h e t

aan-geboden s i g n a a l moeten a f t r e k k e n van h e t aanaan-geboden s i g n a a l . Het om»

z e t t e n van h e t a m p l i t u d e gemoduleerde s i g n a a l i n een f r e q u e n t i e

ge-moduleerd s i g n a a l g e b e u r t i n de magneetband-recorder. Het i s

moge-l i j k h e t van de weergave kop van deze r e c o r d e r a f k o m s t i g e f r e q u e n t i e

gemoduleerde s i g n a a l p e r t i j d s e e n h e i d t e t e l l e n . De h i e r v o o r o n t w i k

-k e l d e t e l l e r i s v o o r z i e n van een -k e u z e s c h a -k e l a a r voor h e t i n s t e l l e n

van de t e l t i j d i n

10

stappen voor

0,01

sec t o t

0,1

sec.

Tevens i s een k e u z e s c h a k e l a a r a a n g e b r a c h t voor de i n

10

s t a p p e n

van

0 , 1

sec t o t

1

sec i n t e s t e l l e n h e r h a l i n g s t i j d . D i t i s de t i j d

t u s s e n twee t e l l i n g e n

o

Na h e t t e l - g e d e e l t e i s een geheugen a a n g e b r a c h t , d a t na e l k e

t e l l i n g h e t r e s u l t a a t k r i j f t aangeboden. H i e r d o o r kan de p o n s t i j d

v e r k o r t worden, omdat dan h e t t e l l e n en h e t ponsen t e g e l i j k u i t g e

-v o e r d kunnen worden»

I n f i g .

3

i s de gang van zaken voorgesteld»

3

-f i g . 3

her h a l ingsti id 0,1rij_sec

_{t e l t i j d 0.01-0.1 s e c .}

B i j g e b r u i k van een m e e r k a n a a l s b a n d r e c o r d e r h e e f t men h e t v o o r

-d e a l -d a t -de v e r s c h i l l e n -d e s i g n a l e n g e l i j k t i j -d i g opgenomen wor-denc

Doordat de k a n a l e n één voor één u i t g e l e z e n worden en de a f s p e e l s n e l

-h e i d van de magneetband aangepast kan worden aan de p o n s s n e l -h e i d , i

kan van een eenvoudige ponser g e b r u i k gemaakt worden.

Zet men op één k a n a a l een s i g n a a l met een c o n s t a n t e f r e q u e n t i e

dat pas a a n g e s l o t e n w o r d t b i j h e t b e g i n van een m e t i n g , d a n l i g g e n

b i j h e t u i t t e l l e n van de s i g n a l e n a l l e b e g i n p u n t e n g e l i j k , waardoor

geen f a s e v e r s c h u i v i n g t u s s e n de v e r s c h i l l e n d e s i g n a l e n o p t r e e d t .

Tevens w o r d t deze c o n s t a n t e f r e q u e n t i e g e b r u i k t a l s t i j d b a s i s voor

de t e l l e r .

Werking van h e t a p p a r a a t .

Het f r e q u e n t i e gemoduleerde m e e t s i g n a a l , a f k o m s t i g van de

mag-n e e t b a mag-n d - r e c o r d e r g a a t v i a eemag-n v e r s t e r k e r T S 3 , eemag-n p u l s vormer TS 14

en een p o e r t TS l 6 naar de t e l l e r , d i e b e s t a a t u i t

3

t i e n d e l e r s TS 11

De 3 t i e n d e l e r s z i j n r e s p e c t i e v e l i j k voor de h o n d e r d t a l l e n , voor

de t i e n t a l l e n en voor de eenheden. Wanneer de t e l l i n g v o l t o o i d i s ,

w o r d t h e t r e s u l t a a t v i a een p o o r t c i r c u i t o v e r g e b r a c h t naar een

geheugen. Door g e b r u i k t e maken van een geheugen kan men de u i t l e e e

4

-t i j d

v e r k o r t e n door t e l l e n en

ponsen

g e l i j k t i j d i g u i t t e voeren» Na

het geheugen v o l g t de code-omzetter voor h e t maken van een

1 2 4

-8 - l 6

code. I n ons g e v a l w o r d t met h e t g e t a l

l 6

aangegeven d a t een

c i j f e r even i s .

D e z e l f d e p u l s , d i e de t e l l i n g o v e r b r e n g t

naar h e t

geheugen,

g a s t naar de

b i n a i r e u n i t TS 2 B van h e t b e s t u r i n g e o i r c u i t van de

ponser.

H i e r d o o r w o r d t v i a een u i t l e e s v e r s t e r k e r TS

38

de " t r i p " s p o e l

b e k r a c h t i g d d i e h e t p o n s s y s t e e a

i n

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Het e e r s t geponste c i j f e r g e e f t

h e t b e g i n van een g e t a l

aan.

H i e r v o o r k i e s t men een n i e t i n

de t e l l i n g voorkomend c i j f e r ,

dus

c i j f e r 10 t/m

I 5 .

Na deze

p o n s i n g g e e f t h e t s y n c h r o n i s a t i e - c o n t a c t

van de ponser

een

p u l s door aan een v i e r d e l e r , bestaande u i t

twee

b i n a i r e u n i t s T S

2

A .

Deze v i e r d e l e r b e d i e n t a c h t e r e e n v o l g e n s een v i e r t a l p o o r t e n ,

waardoor de

h o n d e r d t a l l e n , t i e n t a l l e n

en eenheden geponst worden.

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h e t

ponasysteem g e s t o p t door een p u l s

u i t

de v i e r d e l e r . I n h e t b e s t u r i n g s c i r c u i t van de pons i s een tweede

b i

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A l s

t i j d b a s i s w o r d t g e b r u i k gemaakt van

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3,

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l 4

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TS

10. Het o v e r b l i j v e n d e s i g n a a l met een f r e q u e n t i e van 100 Hz w o r d t

t o e g e v o e r d aan een t i e n d e l e r

TS

11 met a f t a k b a r e t u s s e n s t a n d e n voor

100 Hz t o t 10 Hz, wat overeenkomt met 0,01 t o t 0,1 sec. Hiermee

w o r d t de t e l t i j d i n g e s t e l d . De tweede t i e n d e l e r TS11 g e e f t t u s s e n

-standen van 10 Hz t o t 1 Hz, wat g e l i j k i s aan 0,1 t o t 1 sec. Deze

t i j d e n worden g e b r u i k t voor h e t i n s t e l l e n van de herhalingstijd»

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gegeven

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Tronmioriztd BINARY UNITS Type TS2A TS2B

BINART UNIT T Y P E T S 2 A BINARY UNIT T Y P E T S 2 B

T H E C O M P A N Y R E S E R V E S T H E R I G H T T O M O D I F Y T H E D E S I G N O F A N Y O F I T S P R O D U C T S W I T H O U T P R I O R N O T I C E .

V E N N E R E L E C T R O N I C S L I M I T E D

K I N G S T O N B Y - P A S S . N E W M A L D E N , S U R R E Y . E N G L A N D . T e l . p h o n . M A L d . n 2 4 4 2 (9 L l n . > )

Tronsisuriztd BINARY UNITS

TxreTSlA

T S 2 B

Transistorized BINARY UNITS Type TS2A TS2B

T w o t y p e s of B i n a r y S t a g e a r e a v a i l a b l e , t y p e s T S 2 A and T S 2 B , the only d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n the s t a g e s being in the pin c o n n e x i o n s w h i c h a r e p r o v i -d e -d , t h o s e f o r t y p e T S 2 A being s h o w n in F i g . 2, an-d t h o s e f o r type T S 2 B i n . F i g . 3. ( S e e c i r c u i t d i a g r a m s bacl< p a g e ) . B i n a r y U n i t T S 2 A is p a r t i c u l a r l y s u i l -a b l e w h e r e -a c h -a i n of s t -a g e s is to be e m p l o y e d -a n d feedbaclt i s to be a p p l i e d . B o t h t r a n s i s t o r b a s e c o n -n e x i o -n s a r e t a k e -n to p i -n s p e r m i t t i -n g feedbacl< to e i t h e r h a l f of the B i n a r y S t a g e . O n l y one r e s e t l i n e i s p r o v i d e d but t h i s s h o u l d be found to be s u f f i c i e n t f o r m o s t a p p l i c a t i o n s s i n c e the output m a y be tal<en f r o m e i t h e r c o l l e c t o r s o that the o p e n - c i r c u i t i n g of the l e a k r e s i s t o r c a n e i t h e r be u s e d to p r o d u c e a "Set 0" c o n d i t i o n , o r a "Set 1" c o n d i t i o n d e p e n d i n g on the w i r i n g . U n i t T S 2 B h a s both input l e a d s a v a i l -a b l e f o r u s e s e p -a r -a t e l y -a n d p e r m i t s two r e s e t l i n e s to be e m p l o y e d . It i s e s p e c i a l l y s u i t a b l e f o r u s e with U n i v e r s a l G a t e type T S 1 6 to g i v e i n t e r l o c k a c t i o n .

T h e r e c o m m e n d e d a r r a n g e m e n t i s a s f o l l o w s : If two B i n a r y s t a g e s , type T S 2 B a r e u s e d w i t h the U n i v e r s a l G a t e type T S 1 6 a s s h o w n in F i g . 1, (page t w o ) , a n d both a r e r e s e t a s s h o w n , a p o s i t i v e p u l s e fed to P i n 4 on the f i r s t B i n a r y w i l l open the G a t e , and a s i m i l a r p o s i t i v e p u l s e fed to P i n 6 on the s e c o n d w i l l c l o s e i t . S i m i l a r l y , i f r e s i s t o r s a r e added e x -t e r n a l -to -the u n i -t s s o a s -to f o r m a p o -t e n -t i a l d i v i d e r a c r o s s the H . T . s u p p l y at e a c h input, a m o m e n t a r y o r c o n t i n u o u s s h o r t c i r c u i t i n g of P i n 4 to e a r t h on U n i t 1 w i l l open the G a t e , a n d a s i m i l a r s h o r t c i r -c u i t i n g of P i n 6 to e a r t h on U n i t 2 w i l l -c l o s e it. J o i n i n g P i n 4 on U n i t 1 to P i n 6 on U n i t 2 g i v e s an a r r a n g e m e n t w h e r e the f i r s t p u l s e r e c e i v e d at the j o i n e d l e a d s ( a f t e r r e s e t t i n g ) c a u s e s the G a t e to be opened a n d the s e c o n d c a u s e s it to be c l o s e d . No f u r t h e r p u l s e s r e c e i v e d a f f e c t the G a t e . D i m e n s i o n s : F i g u r e s r e f e r to e n c a s e d u n i t s . W e i g h t : E n c a s e d : 2 o z . (57 gm). 4 5 B a s e D i a g r a m ( M c M u r d o X P 8 P l u g ) P i n T S 2 A T S 2 B 1 Output 1 Output 1 2 Output 2 Output 2

3 Supply neg. Supply neg. 4 V T 2 B a s e . Input 1 + 5 V T I B a s e Set 1 « 6 Input Input 2 7 Supply P o s . Supply P o s . 3 Set 0 • Set 0 • • N o r m a l l y Joined to P i n 7 + J o i n to P i n 6 f o r n o r m a l b i n a r y o p e r a t i o n .

Transistorized BINARY UNITS _{Type TS2A TS2B}

T h e c o m b i n e d gate c i r c u i t d e s c r i b e d c a n be u s e d to f e e d D e c a d e C o u n t i n g s t a g e s type T S I O , D e c a d e S e l e c t o r s t y p e T S l l , a n d B i n a r y U n i t s t y p e T S 2 A o r T S 2 H u s e d in c a s c a d e .

INTERLOCKED P U L S E - S T A R T P U L S E - S T O P CIRCUIT FOR UNIVERSAL 6ATE T S I 6

) r ~ f T S I t T S 2 B STOP UNE F I G . I A P P L I C A T I O N N O T E S : ( 1 ) T h e r e s e t l i n e s of B i n a r y U n i t s m a y be j o i n e d to t h o s e of D e c a d e U n i t s . (2) T h e m o m e n t a r y o p e n - c i r c u i t i n g of P i n 8 to P i n 7 g i v e s a 'Set 0' c o n d i t i o n , that i s , the c o l l e c t o r c o n n e c t e d to P i n 1 t a k e s up a p o t e n t i a l of a p p r o x i m a t e l y h a l f the H . T . and that c o n n e c t e d to P i n 2 a p o t e n t i a l a p p r o x i m a t e -ly e q u a l to that of the H . T . l i n e .

(3) T h e m o m e n t a r y o p e n - c i r c u i t i n g of l e a d 5 f r o m l e a d 7 p r o d u c e s a 'Set 1' c o n d i t i o n , t h a t i s , the c o l l e c t o r c o n n e c t e d to P i n 1 t a k e s up a p o t e n t i a l a p p r o x i m a t e l y e q u a l to that of the H . T . , and that c o n n e c t e d to P i n 2 to a p o t e n t i a l of a p p r o x i m a t e l y h a l f the H . T . (4) A n y n u m b e r of B i n a r y U n i t s of e i t h e r type m a y be c o n n e c t e d i n c a s c a d e , and T S 2 A u n i t s m a y be c a s c a d e d w i t h type T S 2 B . (5) ( T S 2 A ) T o a p p l y f e e d b a c k a 820 p F c a p a c i t o r s h o u l d be c o n n e c t e d f r o m point of o r i g i n of f e e d b a c k p u l s e to pin 4 o r 5 as r e q u i r e d . (6) T o e n s u r e c o r r e c t ' R e s e t t i n g ' , ( w h e t h e r B i n a r y U n i t s a r e u s e d a l o n e o r w i t h D e c a d e U n i t s ) a 3. 3 K i l o h m r e s i s t o r s h o u l d be c o n n e c t e d b e t w e e n the R e s e t L i n e and S u p p l y N e g a t i v e . I M P O R T A N T : ( E N C A S E D S T A G E S )

W h e n a t t e m p t i n g t o r e m o v e the c o v e r , it s h o u l d be noted that the X P 8 t e r m i n a l plug i s s e c u r e d to the b a s e by f o u r s c r e w s w h i c h s h o u l d not be r e -moved a s they do not s e c u r e the c o v e r to the b a s e . I f a s t a g e b e c o m e s f a u l t y , it s h o u l d be r e t u m e d to V e n n e r E l e c t r o n i c s L t d . f o r r e c t i f i c a t i o n .

Traiaimrlzed BINARY UNITS Typ* TS2A TS2B

S P E C I F I C A T I O N . F R E Q U E N C Y R A N G E : T E M P E R A T U R E R A N G E : S U P P L Y : R a n d o m to 30 K . p. p. s . F o r h i g h e r f r e q u e n c i e s (up to 1 M . p. p. s ) type T S 2 H F s h o u l d be u s e d . - 1 0 ° C to 5 0 ° C l O V D . C . n o m i n a l . S a t i s f a c t o r y o p e r a t i o n i s g e n e r a l l y o b t a i n e d w i t h s u p p l i e s of 6 - 12 V . P O W E R C O N S U M P T I O N : 30 mW w i t h l O V s u p p l y . I N P U T : P u l s e o r s q u a r e w a v e of 4 V peak o r g r e a t e r . (Note: T h e s t a g e s t r i g g e r on the p o s i t i v e edge of a p u l s e , i . e. the l e a d i n g edge of a p o s i t i v e p u l s e o r the t r a i l i n g edge of a n e g a t i v e one).

M i n i m u m p u l s e w i d t h s : P o s i t i v e P u l s e s : Not l e s s t h a n 0. 75 (iS ( 4 V a m p ) . Not l e s s t h a n 0 . 2 5 u S ( l O V a m p ) . N e g a t i v e P u l s e s : 15(i S ( 4 V a m p l i t u d e ) .

3. 5 n S ( l O V a m p l i t u d e ) . R i s e t i m e s : Not g r e a t e r than 6 i»S ( 4 V a m p l i t u d e ) .

Not g r e a t e r than 12 mS ( 5V a m p l i t u d e ) . Not g r e a t e r than 25 n S ( l O V a m p l i t u d e ) . (A l i n e a r r a t e of r i s e i s a s s u m e d in the a b o v e ) . I N P U T I M P E D A N C E : 2 K n ( V e r y a p p r o x i m a t e l y ) . Note: F o r o p e r a t i o n by s i g n a l s of s i n e w a v e f o r m , the s t a g e s h o u l d be p r e c e e d e d by a s h a p i n g a m -p l i f i e r s u c h a s ty-pe T S 1 4 . O U T P U T : T w o a n t i - p h a s e outputs a v a i l a b l e , one f r o m e a c h c o l l e c t o r . M i n i m u m D . C . load r e a i s t a n c e = 30 K J J . M i n i m u m A . C . load i m p e d a n c e = 2 K n . F I N I S H : E n c a s e d u n i t s a r e n o r m a l l y s u p p l i e d . R e s i n e n c a p s u l a t e d u n i t s c a n be m a d e to o r d e r . C O N N E C T O R : T h e plug mounted on the unit i s intended f o r u s e

w i t h s o c k e t type X S 8 , m a d e by the M c M u r d o I n s t r u m e n t C o m p a n y .

Tronsiitonzcd W I D E B A N D AMPLIFIER Type TS3 l l l l C O M P A N Y R F S F K V F S T H F R I G H T T O M O D I F Y T H E D E S I G N O F A N Y O F I T S P R O D U C T S W I T H O U T P R I O R N O T I C E .

V E N N E R E L E C T R O N I C S L I M I T E D

T S 3

Transistoriztd W I D E B A N D AMPLIFIER Type TS3

T h i s a m p l i f i e r h a s been d e s i g n e d f o r u s e in a p p l i c a t i o n s w h e r e a f l a t r e s p o n s e o v e r a w i d e f r e q u e n c y r a n g e i s r e q u i r e d . T h e a m p l i f i e r c o n -s i -s t -s o f t w o R . C . c o u p l e d -s t a g e -s w h i c h m a y b e u -s e d e i t h e r s i n g l y o r c a s c a d e d , a s the c a s e m a y be. T h e i n d i v i d u a l s t a g e s a r e f l a t w i t h i n 3db f r o m 15 c / s to 200 k c / s a n d h a v e a v o l t a g e g a i n of a p p r o x i m a t e -l y 60. W i t h both s t a g e s c a s c a d e d the r e s p o n s e i s w i t h i n 3 db f r o m 15 c / s to 125 k c / s and the voltage g a i n i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y , 1 , 0 0 0 . It s h o u l d be b o r n e in m i n d that the g a i n s quoted h e r e a r e when feeding into a high i m p e d a n c e load and the f i g u r e s w i l l n e c e s s a r i l y v a r y depending upon the a p p l i c a t i o n .

T w o R . F . t r a n s i s t o r s a r e u s e d and a t e m p e r a t u r e c o m p e n s a t i o n c i r c u i t i s e m p l o y e d so t h a t t h e s t a g e functions s a t i s f a c t o r i l y up to 5 0 ° C . T h i s a m p l i f i e r is i d e a l f o r m o s t i n d u s t r i a l a p p l i c a t i o n s , e s p e c i a l l y w h e r e p u l s e o r s q u a r e w a v e -f o r m s a r e r e q u i r e d to be a m p l i -f i e d . 1 . 8 7 5 " (48 m m ) 0 . 6 2 5 ' (16 m m ) Weight: J o z . ( 2 1 . 5 g m ) I M P O R T A N T N O T E . N O N - E N C A P S U L A T E D S T A G E S . W h e n a t t e m p t i n g tu r e m o v e the c o v e r , it s h o u l d be noted that the X P 8 t e r m i n a t i o n plug i s s e c u r e d to the base by f o u r s c r e w s w h i c h s h o u l d not be r e m o v e d a s they do not s e c u r e the c o v e r to the b a s e . If a s t a g e b e c o m e s f a u l t y , it s h o u l d be r e t u r n e d to V e n n e r E l e c t -r o n i c s L i m i t e d f o -r -r e c t i f i c a t i o n . B a s e D i a g r a m ( M c M u r d o ' X P 8 P l u g ) P i n 1. Output ( s t a g e 2 ) . 2. Input ( s U g e 2 ) . 3. Supply n e g a t i v e . 4. U n u s e d . 5. Output ( s t a g e 1). J o i n to P i n 2 tu c a s c a d e s t a g e s . 6. Input ( s t a g e 1).' 7. S u p p l y p o s i t i v e . ( l O V n o m i n a l ) . ' " E a r t h y " l i n e . 8. U n u s e d .

Transistorized W I D E B A N D AMPLIFIER Type TS3 A l ' P L I C A T I O N N O T E S : (1) S i n c e the a m p l i f i e r g a i n e x t e n d s up to r a d i o f r e q u e n c i e s it i s e s s e n t i a l to s c r e e n - t h e input l e a d e f f i c i e n t l y . (2) S c r e e n i n g b e t w e e n input a n d output l e a d s m u s t be e f f i c i e n t o t h e r w i s e o s c i l l a t i o n w i l l r e s u l t .

(3) At the low f r e q u e n c y end of the s p e c t r u m , p r e c a u t i o n s must be t a k e n to p r e v e n t m o t o r - b o a t i n g w h i c h w i l l o c c u r i f the p o w e r s u p p l y h a s a h i g h i n t e r n a l r e s i s t a n c e .

(4) If g a i n i s r e q u i r e d of the s a m e o r d e r a s that g i v e n by the T S 3 but o v e r a m o r e r e s t r i c t e d f r e q u e n c y band, then a m -p l i f i e r t y -p e T S 4 s h o u l d be u s e d . T S 4 is e a s i e r to u s e a s it i s l e s s a f f e c t e d by the e f f e c t s d e t a i l e d in the a b o v e n o t e s . (5) T h e g a i n s s t a t e d a r e m e a s u r e d w i t h the a m p l i f i e r d r i v i n g a high i m p e d a n c e { g r e a t e r t h a n 100 K l l ) a n d t h e s e w i l l not be o b t a i n e d i f the a m p l i f i e r i s u s e d to d r i v e a n o t h e r t r a n s i s t o r s t a g e u n l e s s an e m i t t e r f o l l o w e r ( T S 1 7 ) i s u s e d a s an i m p e d -a n c e c o n v e r t o r . T h e output m a y be t a k e n v i a a c a p a c i t o r f r o m the c o l l e c t o r of the t r a n s i s t o r , o r , i f a pen r e c o r d e r n r e a r p h o n e s a r e to be d r i v e n , the w i n d i n g m a y be c o n n e c t e d d i r e c t l y in p a r a l l e l w i t h the c o l l e c t o r l o a d . I f t h i s i s done, h o w e v e r , the D . C . c o n d i t i o n s w i l l be u p s e t and the t e m p e r a t u r e c o m -p e n s a t i o n c i r c u i t w i l l be a l t e r e d , -p a r t i c u l a r l y if the w i n d i n g r e s i s t a n c e is s m a l l c o m p a r e d w i t h that of the c o l l e c t o r load (3. S K Ü ) . T h e m i n i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e v a l u e f o r the w i n d i n g r e s i s t a n c e is l O O f l .

(•) T h e output p o w e r a v a i l a b l e is only a few m i l l i w a t t s a s the T S 3 is i n t e n d e d a s a l o w - l e v e l v o l t a g e a m p l i f i e r and not a s a p o w e r a m p l i f i e r .

Transistorized W I D E B A N D AMPLIFIER Type TS3

S P E C I F I C A T I O N . S U P P L Y V O L T A G E : F R E Q U E N C Y R A N G E : V O L T A G E G A I N : M A X I M U M O U T P U T : P O W E R C O N S U M P T I O N I N H E R E N T N O I S E : N o m i n a l l y l O V . U n i t f u n c t i o n s s a t i s f a c t o r i l y w i t h s u p p l i e s of 1. 5 V to 1 2 V . F l a t w i t h i n 3 db, 15 c / s to 200 k c / s ( s i n g l e s t a g e ) . " " " " 15 c / s to 125 k c / s (two s t a g e s c a s c a d e d ) . S i n g l e s t a g e : A p p r o x . 60 f o r l O V s u p p l y . T w o s t a g e s : A p p r o x . 9 0 0 / 1 0 0 0 f o r l O V s u p p l y . (Into h i g h i m p e d a n c e l o a d ) . 2 V R . M . S . w i t h l O V s u p p l y . 15 m W at l O V ( e a c h h a l f ) . Open c i r c u i t input 6 j i V . S h o r t c i r c u i t input 2 pV.

V a r i a t i o n of G a i n with t e m p e r a t u r e and input a m p l i t u d e . ( S e e b e l o w ) . I M P E D A N C E S : F I N I S H : C O N N E C T O R : Input: 2 K n ( a p p r o x ) at 1 k c / s . Output: 3 K f l ( a p p r o x ) at 1 k c / s . U n i t i s mounted in r e m o v a b l e p l a s t i c c a s e .

T h e plug mounted on the unit i s intended f o r u s e with s o c k e t type X S 8 , m a d e by the M c M u r d o I n -s t r u m e n t C o m pany.

V A R I A T I O N O F C A I N WITH T E M P E R A T U R E O F T S 3 V A R I A T I O N O F C A I N W I T H I N P U T O F T S 3

Trans/sior/zed 10 K c / s C R Y S T A L O S C I L L A T O R Type TS5 T H P C C j M P A N Y R F ' S F R V F - S T H E R I G H T T O M O D I F Y T H E D F S I G N O F A N Y O F I T S P R O D U C T S W I T H O U T P R I O R N O T I C E .

V E N N E R E L E C T R O N I C S L I M I T E D

ENf^ER E L E C l k o N I C

(2) C h o i c e of C r y s t a l s . A s the c r y s t a l i s not oven c o n t r o l l e d , the s t a g e c a n be s u p p l i e d w i t h e i t h e r of two M a r c o n i c r y s t a l s .

(i) A c r y s t a l h a v i n g a z e r o t e m p e r a t u r e c o -e f f i c i -e n t b -e t w -e -e n 40OC and 50OC f o r high t e m p e r a t u r e o p e r a t i o n . 10 K c / s C R Y S T A L O S C I L L A T O R T r p e T S 5

J 0. 7 5 "

Transistoriztd 10 K c / s C R Y S T A L O S C I L L A T O R Type TSS

( i i ) A c r y s t a l w i t h a z e r o t e m p e r a t u r e c o - e f f i c i e n t b e t w e e n I 5 0 C and 20OC f o r n o r m a l a m b i e n t c o n d i t i o n s .

F o r f r e q u e n c y t o l e r a n c e s p l e a s e r e f e r to s p e c i f i c a t i o n .

(3) G a t i n g . A s p r e v i o u s l y m e n t i o n e d , b a s e c o n n e x i o n s a r e a r r a n g e d s o that a s q u a r e w a v e output i s obtained i f P i n 5 i s j o i n e d to P i n 7 but not i f t h e s e p i n s a r e o p e n - c i r c u i t e d ( p r o v i d e d that no a l t e r n a t i v e D . C c o n n e x i o n i s a v a i l a b l e f r o m P i n 1 to P i n 7 ) . C o n v e r s e l y a n output i s a v a i l a b l e if P i n s 4 and 7 r e m a i n o p e n - c i r c u i t e d but not when they a r c c o n n e c t e d t o g e t h e r .

T h e s q u a r e w a v e outpui f r o m P i n 1 c a n be c u t off i m m e d i a t e l y by the above m e a n s , but the s i n e w a v e output f r o m P i n S w i l l have a d e c a y p e r i o d of two o r t h r e e c y c l e s . ( S e e F i g . 1 ) .

S i n e w a v e m a y be gated at p i n s 5 and 7, p r o v i d e d pins 1 and 2 a r e a . c . coupled by a c a p a c i t o r of 0. 01 j i F o r l a r g e r .

E F F E C T OF INTERNAL GATING CIRCUIT ON S a U A R E ANO SINEWAVE O U T P U T S .

THE OVERSWING AND DECAY T I M E OF T H E SINEWAVE OUTPUT P R O H I B I T S T H E U S E OF T H E I N T E R N A L GATING F O R S O M E A P P L I C A T I O N S .

F I G . I

W h e n a t t e n pting to r e m o v e the c o v e r , it s h o u l d be noted that the X P 8 t e r -m i n a t i o n plug is s e c u r e d to the b a s e by f o u r s c r e w s w h i c h s h o u l d not be r e m o v e d a s they do not s e c u r e the c o v e r to the b a s e . I f a s t a g e b e c o m e s f a u l t y , it s h o u l d b e r e t u r n e d to V e n n e r E l e c t r o n i c s L i m i t e d f o r r e c t i f i c a t i o n . Transiaorized 10 K c / s C R Y S T A L O S C I L L A T O R Type TS."; C r y s t a l O s c i l l a t o r S e r i a l No: 1 c k tunes w i t h S p F . S P E C I F I C A T I O N F R E Q U E N C Y : T E M P E R A T U R E R A N G E : 10 k c / s . A d j u s t a b l e by a n e x t e m a l c a p a c i t o r to a n a c c u r a c y dependent upon t e m p e r a t u r e and s e t t i n g . W i t h f i x e d 50 p F c a p a c i t o r , n o m i n a l a c c u r a c y + 0. 01%. - 1 0 ° C to 5 0 ° C . F R E Q U E N C Y T O L E R A N C E : T S 5 / 1 . T S 5 / 2 . O U T P U T S : G A T I N G : S U P P L Y : C O N S U M P T I O N : F E > n S H : 2 2 ° C to 3 4 ° C - a p p r o x . 340c to 5 0 ° C - a p p r o x . 1 5 ° C to 2 5 ° C - a p p r o x . 3 0 ° C to 40OC - a p p r o x . 16 p a r t s / m i l l i o n 3 p a r t s / m i l l i o n 3 p a r t s / m i l l i o n 16 p a r t s / m i l l i o n (1) A t r a p e z o i d a l w a v e f o r m of 7V p e a k t o p e a k a m p -l i t u d e , h a v i n g a r i s e t i m e of a p p r o x i m a t e -l y 10 jiS (14 nS f o r 6V s u p p l y , 10 >iS f o r l O V s u p p l y , 8 ;iS f o r 12V s u p p l y ) . T h i s output i s p r o v i d e d v i a a n e m i t t e r f o l l o w e r to g i v e a s o u r c e i m p e d a n c e of a p p r o x i m a t e ly eOOn but the m i n i m u m load i s 2. 2 K D . T h e t r a p e -z o i d a l output i s i d e a l l y s u i t a b l e f o r feeding d i r e c t l y to a D e c a d e . (2) A s i n u s o i d a l output i s a l s o a v a i l a b l e , the w a v e f o r m being p r e s e n t a c r o s s a tuned c i r c u i t . nd t h e r e f o r e h a v i n g a v e r y good w a v e s h a p e . T h e a m p l i t u d e of the s i n e w a v e i s 5.6V p e a k - t o - p e a k on open c i r c u i t and 2. 8V p e a k - t o - p e a k when fed into a load of 18 K " . T h e m i n i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e load i s 18 K f l t o m a i n t a i n a good w a v e s h a p e . S e e A p p l i c a t i o n N o t e s . 6V to 12V (lOV n o m i n a l ) . 90 m W at lOV. T h e unit i s e n c a p s u l a t e d in r e s i n w i t h the e x c e p t i o n of the c r y s t a l w h i c h i s mounted on a B7G plug in b a s e . C O N N E C T O R : T h e plug mounted on the unit i s intended f o r u s e w i t h s o c k e t type X S 8 m a d e by the M c M u r d o I n s t r u m e n t C o .

Tramiitonzed S E L E C T O R GATE (Schmitt Trigger Suge) Type TS6 TS6A T H F C O M P A N Y R F S E R V E S T H E R I G H T T O M O D I F Y T H E D E S I G N O F A N Y O F I T S P R O D U C T S W I T H O U T P R I O R N O T I C E .

V E N N E R E L E C T R O N I C S L I M I T E D

(Schmitt Trigger Stage)

Txpe

T S 6

T S 6 A

Tronsistorized S E L E C T O R G A T E (Schmitt Trigger Stage) Type TS6 TS6A

T h i s unit i s b a s i c a l l y a two t r a n s i s t o r S c h m i t t t r i g g e r c i r c u i t . T h e o p e r a t i o n i s s u c h that the s t a t e of the c i r c u i t depends on the d. c . l e v e l of input. When the input i s below the t r i g g e r l e v e l the c i r c u i t r e m a i n s i n the " r e s t " c o n d i -t i o n wi-th V T I c u -t off a n d V T 2 c o n d u c -t i n g . (S ee d i a g r a m on back p a g e ) . When the input r i s e s above t h i s l e v e l the c i r c u i t s w i t c h e s to the o t h e r c o n d i -tion w i t h V T I c o n d u c t i n g and V T 2 c u t off. It w i l l r e m a i n i n t h i s s t a t e u n t i l the input once m o r e f a l l s below the t r i g g e r l e v e l when it w i l l r e s e t to the r e s t c o n d i t i o n .

T h e input v o l t a g e at w h i c h the c i r c u i t t r i g g e r s to the " O F F " condition i s s l i g h t l y l o w e r than that at w h i c h it t r i g g e r s to the " O N " c o n d i t i o n .

I M P O R T A N T N O T E .

1. 125" ( 2 8 . 6 m m )

N O N - E N C A P S U L A T E D S T A G E S . W h e n a t t e m p t i n g to r e m o v e the c o v e r , it s h o u l d be noted that the X P 8 t e r m i n a t i o n plug i s s e c u r e d to the b a s e by f o u r s c r e w s w h i c h s h o u l d not be r e m o v e d a s they do not s e c u r e the c o v e r to the b a s e . If a s t a g e b e c o m e s f a u l t y , it s h o u l d be r e t u r n e d to V e n n e r E l e c t r o n i c s L i m i t e d , f o r r e c t i f i c a t i o n . 1.875 (48 m m ) 0. S 2 5 " (16 m m ) Weight: | o z . ( 2 1 . 5 gm) B a s e D i a g r a m ( M c M u r d o .XP8 Plug) P i n No, 1. Output 1. N e g . going. 2 . Output 2 . P o s . g o i n g . 3. Supply n e g a t i v e . 4 . Input "2 ( T S 6 A ) . 5. J o i n to P i n 7 on T S 6 A * ( U s e Input 2 ) . 6. Input 1. 7 . S u p p l y P o s . ( e a r t h y ) , 8. Not u s e d . • T o r e d u c e input d i f f e r e n t i a l .

Transistorized S E L E C T C R G A T E (Schmitt Trigger Suge) Type TS6 TS6A

A P P L I C A T I O N N O T E S .

(1) T w o output.s a r e a v a i l a b l e . Output 1 i s n e g a t i v e going when t r i g g e r e d to the " O N " c o n d i t i o n ; Output 2 i s p o s i t i v e going when t r i g g e r e d to the " O N " c o n d i t i o n . Output 1 s h o u l d be u s e d w h e n e v e r p o s s i b l e . a s t h i s h a s the m o r e r a p i d s w i t c h i n g a c t i o n .

(2) T w o v e r s i o n s o f t h e s t a g e a r e a v a i l a b l e : T S 6 and T S 6 A . B o t h u n i t s h a v e i d e n t i c a l b a s i c c i r c u i t s , Init the T S 6 A h a s c o n n e x i o n s a v a i l a b l e at the b a s e to enable the v o l t a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l b e t w e e n t h e ' O N ' and ' O F F ' t r i g g e r l e v e l s to be r e d u c e d . ( S e e S p e c i f i c a t i o n ) .

T h e i m p e d a n c e of the input s o u r c e s h o u l d be kept a s low a s p o s s i b l e . W i t h the l o w e r d i f f e r e n t i a l c o n n e x i o n o f t h e T S 6 A it s h o u l d not e x c e e d 10 K J I .

(:i) Due to the r a p i d c h a n g e in c i r c u i t c o n d i t i o n s , when the s t a g e i s t r i g g e r e d , the output is i d e a l for t r i g g e r i n g B i n a r y and D e c a d e U n i t s . T h e advantage of the T S 6 o v e r the s t a n d a r d p u l s e s h a p e r i s that a s h a r p output i s p r o d u c e d f o r e v e n the s l o w e s t r a t e of c h a n g e of the input.

Hy u s i n g a T S 6 a s a s h a p e r between the output of a photohead type T S 1 2 and the input of a d e c a d e c o u n t e r , the d e c a d e w i l l r e g i s t e r the n u m b e r of t i m e s the light b e a m to the photohead is b r o k e n no m a t t e r how s l o w l y t h i s is done. T h e T S 6 c a n a l s o be u s e d i n m o s t a p p l i c a t i o n s w h e r e it i s n e c e s s a r y to p r o -duce a r e c t a n g u l a r w a v e f o r m f r o m s o m e o t h e r p e r i o d i c w a v e f o r m . It m a y a l s o be e m p l o y e d in the output c i r c u i t of a D e c a d e S e l e c t o r type T S l l ( f o r f u r t h e r d t a i l s r e f e r to I n s t r u c t i o n L e a f l e t T S l l ) p r o v i d i n g pin 8 is c o n -n e c t e d to pi-n 7. ( P i -n 8 is s h o w -n a s -not u s e d i -n the l i s t of p i -n -n u m b e r s o-n the front page).

(4) W h e n s e t t i n g up the s t a g e it i s n e c e s s a r y to e n s u r e t h a t t h e c o r r e c t poten-t i a l o c c u r s apoten-t poten-the inpupoten-t poten-to poten-the T S . 6. I f d. c . c o u p l i n g poten-to poten-the p r e v i o u s s poten-t a g e is to be e m p l o y e d , then a p o t e n t i a l d i v i d e r a c r o s s the p r e v i o u s output, with the T S . 6 input tapped in at the a p p r o p r i a t e point, c a n be u s e d . I f a . c . c o u p l i n g is u s e d and the s i g n a l a m p l i t u d e i s i n s u f f i c i e n t to a l l o w the input of the T S . 6 to be g r o u n d e d , then a p o t e n t i a l d i v i d e r a c r o s s the s u p p l y l i i e s c a n be u s e d to b r i n g the input p o t e n t i a l to n e a r the t r i g g e r i n g l e v e l . I n t h i s c a s e it s h o u l d be r e m e m b e r e d that the e f f e c t i v e i m p e d a n c e p r e s e n t e d to the s o u r c e w i l l be the input i m p e d a n c e of the T S . 6 in p a r a l l e l w i t h t h é e f f e c t i v e i m p e d a n c e of a n y b i a s i n g s y s t e m u s e d .

Transistorized S E L E C T O R G A T E (Schmitt Trigger Suge) Type TS6 TS6A

S P E C I F I C A T I O N

T S 6 A i s now n o r m a l l y s u p p l i e d a s s t a n d a r d

T R I G G E R I N G T S 6 : ' O N ' - 3 . 5 V to - 2 . 5 V ' O F F ' - 2 V to - 3 . OV I l O V

P O T E N T I A L S : I s u p p l y

T S 6 A : ' O N ' - 1 . 2 V to - 1 . 8 V ' O F F ' - I V to - 1 . 6 V J (at 2 5 0 C ) ( C o n n e c t pins 5 and 7 t o g e t h e r and u s e Input 2 - P i n No. 4)

D I F F E R E N T I A L S : S U P P L Y : T S 6 T S 6 A : o ; 2 v } ^ ° ^ ^ " P P ' y ' * ' 2 ^ ° * ^ > 6 V to 1 2 V ( l O V n o m i n a l ) T E M P E R A T U R E : - 1 0 ° C t o + 5 0 ° C . C O N S U M P T I O N : 2 m A V T I on F R E Q U E N C Y : 3 m A V T I off ( t r i g g e r e d ) 30 k c / s m a x i m u m . l O V s u p p l y . I M P E D A N C E : Input: 5 K J I Output: 4 . 7 K J I

-Note: T h e input s o u r c e i m p e d a n c e s h o u l d be kept a s low a s p o s s i b l e . ( W i t h the l o w e r d i f f e r e n t i a l c o n n e x i o n of the T S 6 A it s h o u l d not e x c e e d 10 K f l . )

F I N I S H : U n i t mounted i n r e m o v a b l e p l a s t i c c a s e .

C O N N E C T O R : T h e plug mounted on the unit is intended for u s e w i t h socket type X S 8 m a d e by the M c M u r d o I n s t r u m e n t C o m p a n y .

Tramntor D E C A D E UNIT _{Type TSIO/S}

-Ott .wt two— T»n ^ > to Pn co-mtMOmi on • PLUB W..

D E C A D E U N I T T y p e T S 1 0 / 5 T H F C O M P A N Y R E S E R V E S T H E R I G H T T O M O D I F Y T H E D E S I G N O F A N Y O F I T S P R O D U C T S W I T H O U T P R I O R N O T I C E .

V E N N E R E L E C T R O N I C S L I M I T E D

T y p . T S I O

T S I 0 / 5

D E C A D E UNITS Types TSIO T S I O / S TSIO/SMF

T h e V e n n e r D e c a d e U n i t h a s been d e v e l -oped to f u l f i l a need f o r a f u n d a m e n t a l l y s t a b l e d i v i d e b y t e n a n d / o r c o u n t e r s t a g e w h i c h i s t h o r -oughly r e l i a b l e , is s m a l l in s i z e and h a s a low p o w e r c o n s u m p t i o n . It h a s a p o t e n t i a l l i f e f a r g r e a t e r t h a n a n y v a l v e o p e r a t e d D e c a d e . A l t h o u g h the s t a g e i s s u b j e c t e d to n e g l i g -i b l e -i n t e r n a l h e a t -i n g , t e m p e r a t u r e c o m p e n s a t -i o n h a s been i n c o r p o r a t e d in the c i r c u i t d e s i g n . T h e r e i s s o m e f a l l off in m a x i m u m f r e q u e n c y r e s p o n s e at high a m b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s , h o w e v e r . (See s p e c i f i c a t i o n ) . T h e u n i t s d e a l t with in t h i s i n s t r u c t i o n l e a f l e t a r e s u i t a b l e f o r m a x i m u m o p e r a t i n g f r e -q u e n c i e s of 30 k c / s ( T S . 10 and T S l O / 5 ) and 100 k c / s ( T S i 0 / 5 M F ) . F o r h i g h e r f r e q u e n c i e s (up to 1 M c / s ) type T S 1 0 / 5 H F s h o u l d be u s e d . ( T h i s s t a g e is the s u b j e c t of a s e p a r a t e i n s t r u c t -ion l e a f l e t ) . T h e V e n n e r D e c a d e U n i t c o n s i s t s of f o u r B i n a r y s t a g e s w i t h f e e d b a c k i n c o r p o r a t e d to r e d u c e the n a t u r a l count of s i x t e e n to t e n . In a d -d i t i o n , a l l D e c a -d e s of r e c e n t m a n u f a c t u r e i n c o r p o r a t e a n e m i t t e r f o l l o w e r output s t a g e . U n i t T S l O / 5 o r T S 1 0 / 5 M F h a s a n a d d i t -i o n a l l e a d brought out to p-in 4, s o that -it m a y a l s o be u s e d a s a d i v i d e - b y - f i v e s t a g e . T h e l a t t e r type of unit i s now n o r m a l l y s u p p l i e d a s s t a n d a r d .

F o r a p p l i c a t i o n s w h e r e a s c a l e o f s i x -t e e n d i v i d e r i s r e q u i r e d , -the D e c a d e S e l e c -t o r , T S . 11 s h o u l d be e m p l o y e d . 0 . 7 5 (19 m m ) W e i g h t : e n c a s e d : 5^ o z s . ( 1 5 0 g m ) e n c a p s u l a t e d : 11^ o z s . ( 3 2 5 g m ) B a s e D i a g r a m ( M c M u r d o X P 8 plug) P i n . 1. O u t p u t . 2 . M e t e r + ( C o u n t e r o n l y ) . 3. S u p p l y n e g a t i v e . 4. Input ( ^ 5) T S l O / 5 o n l y ) . 5. R e s e t 9. ( n o r m a l l y j o i n to P i n 7 ) . 6. Input ( . ^ 1 0 ) . 7. S u p p l y p o s i t i v e ( E a r t h y ) . 8. R e s e t 0. ( N o r m a l l y j o i n to P i n 7 ) .

Transistor D E C A D E UNITS Types TSIO T S I 0/5 T S I O / S M F T h e c o n n e x i o n s a r c s h o w n in F i g . 5, the p o t e n t i o m e t e r s b e i n g f o r z e r o s e t t i n g . P i n 2 i s c o n n e c t e d v i a r e s i s t o r s to e a c h E c c l e s -J o r d a n s t a g e s o that i f the m e t e r i s c o n n e c t -ed b e t w e e n it a n d a p o t e n t i o m e t e r w i r e d a c r o s s the s u p p l y . a d i s c r e t e " s t e p " i n c r e a s e i n c u r r e n t o c -c u r s f o r e a -c h input p u l s e . T h i s o c c u r s f o r 1-9 p u l s e s but the t e n t h c a u s e s a " c a r r y " p u l s e to be p r o d u c e d a n d the m e t e r c u r r e n t s u d d e n l y f a l l s to z e r o . A m e t e r c a l i b r a t e d 0 - 9 w i l l thus i n d i c a t e the c o u n t at e a c h D i ' c a d e . I f t h e input i s too f a s t f o r the m e t e r to f o l l o w , the n e e d l e r e -m a i n s a l 1.' u n t i l the t r a i n of p u l s e s h a s e n d e d , w h e n the n e e d l e w i l l t a k e up a p o s i t i o n c o r r e s p o n d i n g to the c u r r e n t c a u s e d to p a s s by the l a s t input p u l s e . T h e m e t e r s h o u l d h a v e a F . S . D , of 5 0 0m A o r l e s s . 2 5 0 u A m e t e r s a r e v e r y s u i t a b l e a s r e g a r d s e l e c t r i c a l a n d m e c h a n i c a l c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d m e t e r s d o w n t o 50.1 A m a y be u s e d i f r e q u i r e d . T h e c a s c a d i n g of the u n i t s i s c a r r i e d out a s f o r the d i v i d e r a p p l i c a t i o n . ( N O T F : A s t a b i l i z e d p o w e r s u p p l y i s d e s i r a b l e f o r c o u i i l e r a p p l i c a t i o n s ) . :i. I N P U T W A V E F O R M ( S e e a l s o S p e c i f i c a t i o n ) .

A s p r e v i o u s l y m e n t i o n e d , the input s h o u l d t a k e the f o r m of s q u a r e w a v e o r p u l s e s of r e c t a n g u l a r s h a p e , the r i s e t i m e b e i n g a s s h o r t a s p o s s i b l e . W i t h p u l s e w a v e f o r m s , p o s i t i v e p u l s e s g i v e the m o s t r e l i a b l e o p e r a t i o n .

I f a s h a p i n g a m p l i f i e r i s not u s e d to p r e c e d e the f i r s t d e c a d e s t a g e , t h e i . V ' J t a m p l i t u d e m u s t be s e t c a r e f u l l y , but one s e t t i n g i n the r a n g e of 0. 4 V s * a n d

U . 8 V S w i l l be s a t i s f a c t o r y o v e r the w h o l e f r e q u e n c y r a n g e . ( • s u p p l y v o l t a g e ) . A s h a p i r i g a m p l i f i e r , t y p e T S 1 4 i s a v a i l a b l e w h i c h w i l l a c c e p t w a v e f o r m s o f s q u a r e , s i n e o r p u l s e s h a p e h a v i n g a m p l i t u d e s b e t w e e n 0 . 5 V - l O V p e a k . I n I h i s c a s e , i n p u t s v a r y i.ig i n a m p l i t u d e w i l l f e e d the d e c a d e c o r r e c t l y o v e r the wruiU' fi-etiuencv r a n g e .

T h e t r a p e z o i d a l output f r o m V e n n e r c r y s t a l o s c i l l a t o r u n i t s t y p e s T S S anil TS2.") i s e n i i n e n t l y s u i t a b l e f u r d r i v i n g d e c a d e s t a g e s w i t h o u t s h a p i n g , tut tiie uutput f r u m t h e I , OUU c / s L - C O s c i l l a t o r t y p e T S I i s not s u i t a b l e f o r d i r e c t a p p l i r a t i i m tu d e c a d e s . S C * L € / SET / . 1 6 4 O 2 fl 7 ^ ; _ I O V O L T ''I BATTERY RESET TO NtNE Fii;. 5.

A unit employed as a counter. Here the meter acts as an indicator ol' the total count. Tile only additional components required are shown. When in operation the meter will move across the scale one " step" for each input pulse.

S P E C I F I C A T I O N . F R K Q U E N C Y R A N G E : S U P P L Y : T E M P E R A T U R E : ( N o t e : I N P U T : M i n . p u l s e w i d t h s . M E T E R : T S . 10, T S l O / 5 . R a n d o m to 30 k c / s . 6 - 1 2 V ( l O V n o m i n a l ) . - 1 0 ° C to + 5 0 ° C . U p p e r f r e q u e n c y l i m i t f a l l s to 20 k c / s a t 4 0 ° C a n d to 10 k c / s a t 5 0 ° C ) . 4 - l O V p u l s e o r s q . w a v e . 0. 5 iiS p o s i t i v e g o i n g . 30 !'.S n e g a t i v e g o i n g . 250 ,lA c a l i b r a t e d 0 - 9 . T S l O / 5 M F . R a n d o m to 120 k c / s . 6 - 1 2 V ( l O V n o m i n a l ) . - 1 0 ° C to + 5 0 ° C . ( U p p e r f r e q u e n c y l i m i t i s m a i n t a i n e d o v e r the w h o l e of t h i s t e m p , r a n g e ) . 4 - l O V p u l s e o r s q . w a v e . 0, 2ti S p o s i t i v e g o i n g . 3 !jS n e g a t i v e g o i n g . 250 n A c a l i b r a t e d 0 - 9 . C O N S U M P T I O N : ( S c a l e r ) ( C o u n t e r ) I M P E D A N C E S : ( I n p u t ) ( O u t p u t ) ISO m W 200 m W 200 m W 220 m W 2 K r 1 K 180 m W 1 l O V s u p p l y . 200 m W ) 2 K ^ a p p r o x i m a t e 1 IC) f i g u r e s . A S S O C I A T E D S T A G E S : S h a p i n g A m p l i f i e r : T S . 14 T S . 14 U n i v e r s a l G a t e : T S . 16. T S . 16 B i n a r y S t a g e s : T S 2 A . 2 B . T S 2 B / H F R e s e t t i n g U n i t s : T S 1 3 , T S 3 2 . T S 1 3 , T S 3 2 . O U T P U T : A p u l s e i s a v a i l a b l e f r o m e a c h d e c a d e unit f o r i n j e c t i o n into a f o l l o w i n g unit i f f i t t e d . No s h a p i n g a m p l i f i e r i s n e c e s s a r y b e t w e e . i s t a g e s . R E S E T T O Z E R O : T h e m o m e n t a r y o p e r a t i o n of a pushbutton o r r e l a y b r e a k i n g n o r -m a l l y c l o s e d c o n t a c t s w i l l r e s e t a l l s t a g e s to z e r o . A I K ^ to 3 K ' ' r e s i s t o r s h o u l d be c o n n e c t e d f r o m P i n 8 to P i n 3 i f s e v e r a l T S . 10 o r T S . 2 u n i t s a r e u s e d . ( N u m b e r of s t a g e s i m m a t e r i a l ) . A c o n t a c t l e s s e l e c t r o n i c r e s e t u n i t , type T S . 32 i s a v a i l -a b l e , c -a p -a b l e of r e s e t t i n g d e c -a d e -and b i n -a r y s t -a g e s in l e s s t h -a n 4 ' S . R E S E T T O N I N E : T h e m o m e n t a r y o p e r a t i o n uf a pushbutton o r r e l a y b r e a k i n g n o r -m a l l y c l o s e d c o n t a c t s w i l l r e s e t a l l s t a g e s to n i n e . ( F o r e a s e of a d j u s t -m e n t of " s c a l e s o t " c o n t r o l in c o u n t e r a p p l i c a t i o n s ) . F I N I S H : S t a n d a r d : E n c a s e d . ( U n i t c a n be e n c a p s u l a t e d in r e s i n ) .

C O N N I ' X I O N S : T h e plug m o u n t e d on the unit is i n t e n d e d f o r u s e w i t h soc ket t v p , ' X S a m a d e by the M c M u r d o I n s t r u m e n t C o m p a n y .

Tramiuor D E C A D E UNITS Types TSIO T S I O / S T S I O / S M F

A P P L I C A T I O N N O T E S . 1. u s i - A S A n i v i f ) i : R .

W h e n the s t a g e is u s e d p u r e l y a s a d i v i d e r a l l t h a t i s r e q u i r e d i s a D . C . su|)|)ly of hetw.'en l a n d I I V ( w h i e h d u e s not n e e d to be s t a b i l i z e d ) a n d Uniting w i r r s l,.-tweLMi th.- p i n s . ( S e e F i g . 1). T h e input s h o u l d talte the f o r m of a s q u a r e wavi .)!• p u l s e s uf r e c t a n g u l a r s h a p e . It w i l l be noted t h a t i n t h i s d i v i d e r a p p l i -I a t i . i n -IJin 2 i s nut e m p l u y e d . In f a c t , t h i s c o n n e x i o n i s p r o v i d e d to p e r m i t m e t e r i n d i c a l i u n if the s t a g e i s u s e d a s a c o u n t e r . T h e n o r m a l output w a v e f o r m w h i c h UI I UI S at P i n 1 i s s h o w n in d i a g r a m . T h i s w a v e f o r m i s i d e a l l y s u i t a b l e f o r c o n -n e c t i -n g tu the i-nput uf a -n u t h e r D e c a d e U -n i t . No s h a p i -n g a m p l i f i e r i s r e q u i r e d b e l w e e n u n i t s a n d a " c a r r y " p u l s e w i l l c o r r e c t l y index the n e x t D e c a d e e v e n lliough the s u p p l y v o l t a g e m a y v a r y b e t w e e n w i d e U m i t s . D e c a d e s uf d i f f e r e n t t y p e s , i . e . T S . 10, T S l O / 5 , a n d T S 1 0 / 5 M F and b i n a r y s t a g e s c a n a l l be c a s c a d e d t o g e t h e r , no s p e c i a l p r e c a u t i o n s b e i n g r e q u i r e d . Note: T S . 10 o r T S 1 0 / S w i l l nut d r i v e T S 1 0 / S M F . - ^ 1 'J F I G . 2. 1 T h e c o n n e x i o n s r e q u i r e d w h e n s e v e r a l d i v i d e r s a r e u s e d in c a s c a d e a r e s h o w n in F i g . 2. P o w e r s u p p l y r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e m o d e s t a n d the a s s e m b l y of s e v e r a l u n i t s to f o r m a d i v i d e - l ) y - h u n d r e d o r d i v i d e by 1000 c h a i n i s e x t r e m e l y s i m p l e s i n c e i n t e r - l i n l < i n e o f t h e s o c k e t p i n s i s a l l that i s r e q u i r e d . liSI-' A S A C O U N T l - ' U . I ' o r c o u n t e r a p p l i c a t i o n s u s e i s m a d e uf the " s t a i r c a s e " w a v e f u r n i w h i c h IS p r e s e n t at P i n 2 ( s e e f i g . 3 ) , f u r u p e r -a t i n g -a m e t e r -a s -a n i n d i c -a t o r . -a n d t h e n o r m a l outp'.'t w a v e f o r m w h i c h o c c u r s at I'iii 1 ( s e e (in. t ) . T h e l a t t e r u s e d a s a " c a r r y " ( l u l s e » i l l c o r r e c t l y i n d e x the next c o u i U e r s t a g e , w h e r e two o r m o r e d e c a d e s a r e i - a s c a d e d .

S u n *>c ««vd'onii a m U b k Ouiptii waixlofm

ivwUNi-» Pin 2. »1

1-Transistor D E C A D E U N I T Type TSIO/SMF

D E C A D E U N I T T y p e T S 1 0 / 5 M F

I M P O R T A N T N O T E . N O N - E N C A P S U L A T E D S T A G F S . W h e n a t t e m p t i n g to r e m o v e the c o v e r , it s h o u l d be noted that the .XP8 t e r m i n a t i o n plug is s e c u r e d to the b a s e by f o u r s c r e w s w h i c h s h o u l d not be r e m o v e d a s they do not s e c u r e the c o v e r t ö l h e b a s e . I f a s t a g e b e c o m e s f a u l t y , it s h o u l d be r e t u r n e d to V e n n e r E l e c t r o n i c s L i m i t e d f o r r e c t i f i c a t i o n .

Transistor D E C A D E S E L E C T O R UNIT Typ«s T S l l T S I I / M F FIG. 5. T H E C O M P A N Y R F S E R V E S T H E R I G H T T O M O D I F Y T H E D E S I G N O F A N Y O F I T S P R O D U C T S W I T H O U T P R I O R N O T I C E .

V E N N E R E L E C T R O N I C S L I M I T E D

I N S T R U C T O N L t A K I

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Transistor D E C A D E S E L E C T O R UNIT Types T S l l T S I I / M F

T h e s e units h a v e the s a m e b a s i c c i r -c u i t s a s the D e -c a d e C o u n t e r s , t y p e s T S I O and T S I O / M F but, in a d d i t i o n a l l t r a n s i s t o r c o l l e c t o r s a r e brought out to p i n s on the b a s e , n e c e s s i -tating two 8 - p i n p l u g s .

T h e D e c a d e S e l e c t o r i s intended to p e r -f o r m a -function s i m i l a r to that o-f a D e k a t r o n tube but in addition the plug c o n n e x i o n s have been a r r a n g e d so that the f o u r b i n a r y s t a g e s m a y be u s e d without feedback to g i v e a s c a l e - o f - s i x t e e n . By u s i n g T S l l type units i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t e n - p o s i t i o n s e l e c t o r s w i t c h e s and a l s o in c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h the S e l e c t o r G a t e type T S S , it i s p o s s i b l e to s e l e c t a n output p u l s e at any p r e d e t e r -m i n e d count. T h u s the T S l l is of u s e in "batchcounting" a p p l i c a t i o n s and a l s o f o r the o p e r a t i o n of " l e s s than m i n i m u m " o r " m o r e than m a x i m u m " count a l a r m c i r c u i t s . A f u r t h e r a p p l i c a t i o n i s to d r i v e p o w e r r e a d o u t s t a g e s f o r o p e r a t i o n of o p t i c a l i n -l i n e d i g i t a -l i n d i c a t o r s and p r i n t - o u t d e v i c e s . A P P L I C A T I O N N O T E S . 1. U S E A S A C O U N T E R O R D I V I D E R . T S l l and T S I 1 / M F u n i t s c a n be u s e d a s c o u n t e r s and d i v i d e r s i n e x a c t l y the s a m e w a y a s T S I O and T S I O / M F u n i t s . Input s i g n a l and p o w e r r e q u i r e m e n t s , and t e m p e r a t u r e and f r e q u e n c y l i m i t a t i o n s a r e i d e n t i c a l .

If it i s d e s i r e d to u s e the s t a g e a s a s c a l e of s i x t e e n then the output s h o u l d be t a k e n f r o m P l u g B , P i n 8. I f it is r e q u i r e d to c o n v e r t the T S l l to a s c a l e - o f t e n , then a 1000 p F c a p a c i t o r s h o u l d be c o n n e c t e d between P i n 1 on P l u g A and P i n 7 on P l u g B and a s e c o n d 1000 p F c a p j i c i t o r s h o u l d be c o n n e c t e d between P i n 4 on P l u g A and P i n 7 on P l u g B . T h e output s h o u l d be t a l e n f r o m P i n 8 on P l u g B a s b e f o r e . WeUht: encased: 5 i o c « . (ISOgm) encspsulated: 11} osa. (32SgiD)

Base D l s f r s m ( T v o McMurdo X P S plufs on L 5 9 3 " C e n t r e s ) Base Connexions Pin Wo. ( 1 Base of VT> ( 2 Meter ->-( 3 Supply Negstive 4 Base of VT4 5 Reset 9 ( 6 Input ( 7 Supply Pi-sitlve ( E a r t h y ) ( 9 Reset O P l u f A P i n No. n~Colle<:tor of V T l ( J >lui I ( S ( 6 ( 7 ( 8 V T : VT3 V T - 1 VT5 VT5 V T - ! v r s

Transistor D E C A D E S E L E C T O R U N I T Types T S l l T S I I / M F

PL-ad-uut i n d i c a t o r o f t h e C o u n t i n g I n s t r u m e n t s t y p e , o r to d r i v e a p r i n t e r . In o r d e r to do t h i s a d i o d e m a t r i x , a r r a n g e d f o r n e g a t i v e - g o i n g output is i n t e r p o s e d b e t w e e n the T S l l a n d a s e r i e s of I n d i c a t o r output s t a g e s type T S 3 4 . the T S 6 G a t e S t a g e s b e i n g d i s p e n s e d w i t h , T n e T S 3 4 c o m -p r i s e s two a m -p l i f i e r u n i t s ino.ne h o u s i n g , s o that a t o t a l of f i v e u n i t s i s r e q u i r e d p e r d e c a d e . T h e c i r c u i t a r r a n g e m e n t i s s h o w n in F i g . 2. I N P U T P U L S E S ( V I A T S I 4 S H A P E R I F N E C E S S A R Y ) F I G . L 0, U N I T S T . S . I I T S . I I T . S . I I T S . I I 5 T S . 6 T E N S T.S.6 : 3 ~ R E S E T T O T S . I l's C O N T A C T S ( R E L A Y T . S . 2 A O U T P U T P U L S E "^^"•^ll r - l i T . S . 1 7 -T . S . 6 • 5 T . S . 1 7 T . S . 6 y • 5 T . S . 1 7 I P U L S E P E R 5 3 I N P U T P U L S E S R E S E T Z E R O T h e output c i r c u i t of e a c h i / T S : i 4 . A m p l i f i e r i s s h o w n i n F i g . 3 . S i n c e the i n d i c a t o r l a m p load is n o r m a l l y too g r e a t f o r the s t a b i l i z e d p o w e r s u p p l y u s e d to o p e r a t e the c o u n t i n g c h a i n , a n independent D . C . s u p p l y of up to 6 v o l t s i s e m p l o y e d f o r t h e e x t e r n a l l o a d c i r c u i t . Note that the c u r r e n t i s l i m i t e d to 300 m A p e r c h a n n e l . l O V O -L A M P I

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T h e c i r c u i t a r r a n g e m e n t i s s h o w n i n F i g . 4 . Note that the 2nd, 4 t h , 6th and 8th c o l l e c t o r s i n the T S l l d r i v e T S 9 D . C . r e l a y s t a g e s , t h e c o n t a c t s of the l a t t e r b e i n g u s e d to p r o v i d e the b i n a r y output. T h e c o n t a c t i n t e r - c o n n e x i o n s c o r r e c t f o r t r u e b i n a r y output on "8" a n d "9". O p e r a t i o n i s d i r e c t on u n i t s 0 to 7 i n c l u s i v e , but on outputs " 8 " a n d "9", the f o l l o w i n g w o u l d be obtained :

-O u t p u t s 1 2 4 8

"8" 0 1 1 1

"9" l l l l

W i t h t h e c o n t a c t c o n n e x i o n s s h o w n outputs " 2 " and "4" a r e not o b t a i n e d i f the outpi t " 8 " c o n t a c t s a r e o p e r a t e d s o that the c o r r e c t outputs of 0001 a n d 1001 on " 8 " a n d "9" r e s p e c t i v e l y a r e o b t a i n e d . S P E C I F I C A T I O N . A p a r t f r o m t h e s p e c i a l b a s e c o n n e x i o n s , and the o m i s s i o n of t h e i n t e r n a l f e e d b a c k c a p a c i t o r s , u n i t s T S l l and T S l l / M F c o r r e s p o n d to the s t a n d a r d D e c a d e u n i t s t y p e s T S I O and T S I O / M F . R e f e r e n c e s h o u l d t h e r e f o r e be m a d e to t h e I n s t r u c t i o n L e a f l e t f o r T S I O / l O M F u n i t s f o r c i r c u i t , o p e r a t i n g co.nditions. e t c . F I N I S H : U n i t a v a i l a b l e m o u n t e d i n r e m o v a b l e p l a s t i c c a s e o r e n c a p -s u l a t e d . C O N N E C T O R : T h e p l u g s m o u n t e d on t h e u n i t a r e intended f o r u s e w i t h s o c k e t t y p e X S 8 m a d e b y t h e M c M u r d o Instrume.-it C o . T S . I I D E C A D E S E L E C T O R ( S C A L E - O F - 1 0 ) F I G . 4 . B I N A R Y C O D E D D E C I M A L " R E A D O U T .