The SSPA standard propeller family open water characteristics

MEDDELANDEN FRAN

STATENS SKEPPSPROVNINGSANSTALT

(PUBLICATIONS OF THE SWEDISH STATE SHIPBUILDING EXPERIMENTAL TANK)

Nr 60 GOTEBORG 1967

THE SSPA STANDARD PROPELLER

FAMILY

OPEN WATER CHARACTERISTICS

BY

HANS LINDGREN AND E. BJARNE

SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY BOOKS

SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY BOOKS

Denmark: navNzsoAAzi,D, Copenhagen Norway: IINlyEBSITETSFORLAGET, Oslo, Bergen-Sweden: ASADEDILFORLAGET-GUIEPERTS, Goteborg SVENSKA BOICTSRLAGET/NOT8tedtS B011EllerS, Stockholm

PRINTED IN SWEDEN BY

ELANDERS BOICTILYCKERL AKTIEBOLAG, GUTEBORG 1967

Summary

A family of 3, 4, 5 and 6-bladed conventional merchant ship

propellers of simple geometrical shape is presented. Propeller

char-acteristics obtained from open water tests are given. The results

from each propeller group are presented on the base of J, KTIJ4 and ICQ/J5. The ranges covered by experiments correspond to:

1. Introduction

The SSPA standard propeller family has been developed primarily

to be used in connection with preliminary project studies and

systematic model tests. At present it consists of about 100 propeller models with different blade numbers Z, diameters D, pitch ratios PID and blade area ratios A D/A0. The dimensions have been chosen so

that for every normal merchant ship project, it is possible to find

at least one suitable propeller model. For the preliminary

deter-mination of wake and thrust deduction factors, studies of the optimum

propeller diameter and influence of the number of blades, this propeller

family is very useful.

All the propeller models have been tested in the towing tank as well as in the cavitation tunnel and the test program comprises:

Open water tests

Cavitation tests in homogeneous flow

Cavitation tests in different wake distributions

In the present report, the geometric characteristics of the propellers

as well as the results of the open water tests are presented.

Number of blades Pitch ratios Blade ratios 3 0.55-0.75 0.45 4 5 0.65-1.15 0.65-1.15 0.47, 0.53, 0.60 0.60 0.75 0.60

4

2. Symbols and Units

ir D2

di \

=

propeller disc area (

.

VA = propeller speed of advance

Z = number of blades

a = profile angle of attack

no = propeller open efficiency

= mass density of water = kinematic viscosity

Dimensionless coefficients and ratios are used throughout.

5

4 i

A,

= developed blade area

Ci, = drag coefficient

C Dm; = minimum drag coefficient

CL = lift coefficient

c = blade section chord length

D = propeller diameter DR = hub diameter

J

= advance number ( DT7 An ) KQ = torque coefficient Q pD5n2) T \KT = thrust coefficient pD4n2) n = rate of revolution

P

-= propeller pitch (mean value = 0.9794 P max)

P max = maximal propeller pitch Q = propeller torque

R = propeller radius (=D/2)

= Reynolds number. For propellers lifi+ (0.75 TT Dn)2

= blade section radius -= blade section thickness T = propeller thrust

6

3. The Propeller Family

The geometry of the propellers is defined in Appendix I. The

outline of the propeller blades is illustrated in Fig. 3 and the profile

shape in Fig. 4. Dimensions and profile ordinates are given in Tables

1 and 2.

The radial thickness distribution is almoSt linear and the

thick-ness diameter ratio, silD is about 0.05.

The hub diameter was kept constant within a group of propellers with different diameters. This means that the hub-diameter ratio

DHID varies within the ranges 0.15<DH/D<0.20. This variation

does not significantly influence the test results.

4. Tests and Method for Fairing the Test Results The propellers were tested in the towing tank over the range

0-100 per cent slip. The rate of revolutions was kept constant, whilst the speed V, was varied.

05 003 PIO a769 0.856 a' 0950 1.052 da t.163 -- Faired Ponies (40.1 aqua,* method) .2 -6 -6

Profile angle of <Moak. Profile angle of-attack

7

The method for fairing the test results follows the scheme outlined

in ref. [1],). All the material was analysed in accordance with the principles published by Lerbs [2]. For each propeller, lift and drag coefficients for the equivalent profile were calculated. Within each group of propellers, common lift and drag curves were determined

by the aid of the least square method. In Fig. 2, the primary test

spots converted to lift and drag coefficients for the 4.47 propeller group are presented. The faired mean curves used for the further. calculations are also given. The pitch ratio seems not to have any

significant influence on the results within the range tested.

Starting from the lift and drag curves obtained as above, faired J, KT, KQ and 770-curves could be calculated for arbitrary pitch ratios. No corrections for Reynolds' number effects have been in-troduced. The minimum drag values and Reynolds' numbers for

the different propeller groups are given in the table below:

All the analysis and fairing of the test material has been carried out on an electronic computer of the type FACIT EDB 3. The

prin-ciples have also been discussed in ref. [3].

5. Presentation of the Test Results

All the test results, faired and partly extrapolated as outlined

above, are presented in the diagrams in Appendix 11. The presentation

is quite dimensionless and the same parameters are adopted as in

ref. [1].

1) The numbers within brackets refer to the list of references in Section 7.

Type of propeller ./?. CD 3.45 4.99 105 0.0074 4.47 3.93 10 0.0086 4.53 4.68 105 0.0076 4.60 5.41 10' 0.0078 5.60 4.00 10' 0.0088 6.60 3.63 10' 0.0103

8

For each group of 3, 4 and 5-bladed propellers three kinds of

diagranis are given. In these diagrams the curves have been based on

KT K

J --and

Q-J4 J5

respectively.

The well-known Taylor variables B. and Bp are related to the

abovementioned variables by the equations

B.----0.05541N ,_V8=Ci

r

N 1

_/jr4 = c 1lirQ

V A2 17,2 V v 2 J5

where N -= number of revolutions in r/min

P = power in HP (HP=76 kprci/sec), fresh water

S =- thrust in lbs, fresh water

VA = speed of advance in knots

The factors C, and C2 can be obtained from the table below.

For the time being only one 6-bladed propeller belonging to the family has been tested. Complete diagrams have therefore not been

worked out. Preliminary curves representing 6-bladed propellers with optimum diameters have, however, been determined with the method

described in Section 4. These curves are given in Fig. 20 together with the corresponding curves for 4 and 5-bladed propeller with

ADIA0=0.60.

6. Acknowledgement

The authors are indebted to Dr. HANS EDSTRAND, director general

oftheSwedish State Shipbuilding Experimental

Tank for having stimulated and granted the work with this survey.

Thanks are also due to Mr. EDGAR FREIMANIS, who designed the

parent propeller form and worked out the preliminary plans for the

propeller family, to Mr. ARNE HANSSON who assisted in most of the

analysis work and to other members of the staff for their assistance

in various stages of the work.

Cl C2

Fresh water (p=102.0 kp see2/m4)

Salt water ( p = 104.5 kp see2/m4)

13.19 13.36

33.08 33.48

9

7. References

LINDGREN, Hs "Model Tests with a Family of Three and Five Bladed

Pro-pellers", The Swedish State Shipbuilding Experimental Tank, Publication No.

47, 1961.

LERBS, H. W.: "On the Effect of Scale and Roughness on Free Running Propellers", Journal Am. Soc. Nay. Eng. No. 1, 1951.

LINDGREN, laws and KILBORN, JAN: "Datamaskinverksamheten vid statens skeppsprovningsanstalt", The Swedish State Shipbuilding Experimental Tank, Allman rapport nr 10, 1965.

Appendix I

TABLE 1 SSPA 3.45 rIR , 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 ' 0.8 I 0.9 1.0

Total blade width

Multiplied by: 1.936 2.109 2.225 2.271 2.229 2:038 1.591

Leading edge to generator line

Z 1.195 1.265 L301 1.279 1.175 0:972 0.617 -0.327

Trailing edge to generator line

D , AD/AO 0.741 0.844 0.924 0.992 1.054 1.066 0.974 0.327

Length of face lift (lead. edge)

0.143

0.081

0.025

Length of face lift (trail. edge)

Divided by:

0:276

0.131

0.014

Distance of the point of max.

c.

thickness from the leading edge

0.360 0.374 0.399 0.430 0.458 0.481 0.500 Divided by: . Blade thickness D 0.0344 0.0300 I 0.0256 0.0211 0.0168 0.0124 ' 0.0079 00035

Distance of the ordinates from the point of max. thickness (pan.t.)

Radius

From p.m.t. to trailing edge

From p.m.t. to leading edge

Divided by: s Table of Trailing Leading back ordinates rIR 1.00 ' 0.76 050 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.75 1:00 rIR edge edge Divided by: s 0.3 0.159 0.488 . 0.740 0.932 0.945 0:819 0.603 0.219 0.3 0:041 0.104 0.4 0.110 0.469 0736 0925 0950 0.818 .0.582 0.148 0.4 0.035 0.082 0.5 0.063 0.456 0.728 0.919 0.949 , 0.816 0.566 0.074 0.6 0.026 0052 . 0.6 0.031 0.464 0.732 0.920 0.955 0.817 0563 0.031 0.6 0.031 0.031 0.7 0039 0.472 0742 0.921 0.955 0.815 0.562 0.039 07 0.039 0.039 0.8 0.053 0.521 0.763 , 0.931 0.954 0.817 0.573 0053 08 0053 0.053 0.9 0.083 0.607 0.821 0.952 0,952 0.821 0.607 0.083 0.9 0.083 0.083

TABLE 2

SSPA 4-, 5- and 6-bladed propellers

rIR 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8. 0.9 1.0

Total blade width

Multiplied by: 1.777 1.976 2.123 2.197 2.177 2.003 1.581

Leading edge to generator line

Z 1.079 1.172 1.215 1.199 1.115 0.925 0.578--0.323

Trailing edge to generator line

D AD/A0 0:698 0.804 0.908 0.998 1.062 1.078 1.003 0.323

Lengtli'of face lift (lead. edge)

0:115

0:066

0025

Length of face lift (trail. edge)

Divided by:

0.180

0.112

0:058

0.013

Distance of the point of max.

c

thickness from the leading edge

0.360 0.377 0.401 0.430 0.466 0:494 0:500 Divided by: Blade thickness D 0.0332 0.0282 0.0235 0.0190 0:0148 0:0107 0.0068 0.0029

Distance of the ordinates from the point of max. thickness (p.m.t.)

Radius

From p.m.t. to trailing edge

From p.m.t. to leading edge

,

Divided by: 8

Table of back ordinates

rIR 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.25 050 0.75 1.00 rIR Trailing Leading edge edge Divided by:. 8 0.3 0.208 0.538 0.795 0.949 0958 0.833 0.624 0.208 0.3 0:031 0.130 0.4 0128 0497 0.777 ' 0.944 0.954 0.832 0.582 0.128 0.1 0.022 0:071 0.5 0.065 ' 0.463 0.761 0:940 0.949 0.797 0.544 0:065 0.5 0.019. 0:035 0.6 0025 0.441 0.752 0.938 0.946 0.784 0:513 0.025 0.6 0.021 0:025 0.7 0.027 0.436 0.749 0.937 0.943 0.774 0A91 0.027 0.7 0027 0027 0.8 0.038 0.446 0.754 0938 0.943 0:771 0.484 0.038 0.8 0:038 0:038 0.9 0:061 0.493 0.775 0.944 0.945 . 0.779 0.502 0.061 0:9 0:061 0:061

14

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Appendix II Open Water Diagrams

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