Touching and Gesture Exchange as an Element of Emotional Bond Construction. Application of Visual Sociology in the Research on Interaction between Humans and Animals

(1)

**!"#$%&'()'+),-./#0-)12$%'(-).)')13-4-'/)"5)14"/&"'*3)6"'+)**

**7"'./0#$/&"'8)9::3&$/&"')"5);&.#3)<"$&"3"(=)&')/%-)>-.-*0$%)"')**

**?'/-0$/&"')@-/A--')B#4'.)'+)9'&43.**

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c $7.'/"'/%.'+&" %/),('*)%1/&f":%&7'+" &1*%1+154f":%8,1" (,*1(8%/5&f" '/'+4&%&"13":%&7'+" 8')'f"%/),/)%1/'+%)4f" %/),(&72g,*)%:%)4f" *1(01('+%)4f")17*$f" 5(17/8,8")$,1(4f" &1*%'+"'&&1*%')%1/f" 0+'4%/5

(2)

C8)?'/0"+#$/&"'

#$%&"0'0,("2'&,8"1/":%8,1"(,*1(8%/5&"13"$7.'/c'/%.'+"%/),('*)%1/&"%&"'/" ,-),/&%1/"13"17("%/),(,&)"%/":%&7'+"'&0,*)&"%/),('*)%1/&>"0(,:%17&+4",-'.%/,8"%/")$," 211?"hL,10+,"'/8")$,%("F/%.'+&"ih"<[;ZRT[B>"CaaJ'>"009ACScAKJ=9"#$%&" (,&,'(*$"0(1g,*)>"'.1/5"1)$,(".'),(%'+&>"7&,8"0$1)15('0$&>"6$%*$"&,(:,8"'&" 8')'"31(")$,"'/'+4&%&"13":'(%17&"'&0,*)&"13"8%(,*)"*1/)'*)&"2,)6,,/"81.,&)%*" '/%.'+&"'/8"0,10+,9"#$,".'%/"&*10,"13")$,"&)784"6'&")$,"'/'+4&%&"13")$,"6'4" 16/,(&"(,0(,&,/),8")$,%("(,+')%1/&"6%)$")$,"'/%.'+&"'&"&,,/"%/"0(%:')," (,0(,&,/)')%1/&"<0,(&1/'+"0$1)15('0$&="24".,'/&"13"5,&)7(,&"'/8"*$1(,15('0$%*" '(('/5,.,/)"13")$,"218%,&"'/8"12g,*)&9"#$,"(,&,'(*$"'%.,8"')"3%/8%/5")$,"*7+)7('+" 3('.,61(?"<'+&1"*7+)7('+"%8%1.&"13"'7)1c0(,&,/)')%1/&"13"1/,&,+3"'/8"81.,&)%*" '/%.'+&=>"6$%*$"617+8"2,"7&,37+"%/"*'),51(%&%/5"1/,&,+3")$(175$"0$1)15('0$%*" (,0(,&,/)')%1/9"jAk #$,"('"+,5),-,5$%1%)13"/1/c:,(2'+"*1..7/%*')%1/"'/8"%)&"2'*?5(17/8>"'&" (,0(,&,/),8"%/")$,"0$1)15('0$&"13"81.,&)%*"'/%.'+&"<8%(,*)"*1/),-)"13" %/),('*)%1/=>"%/8%*'),&")$,"/7.,(17&"&*,/%*",33,*)&"1(%5%/')%/5"3(1."0'()%*7+'(" 8,3%/%)%1/&"13"&%)7')%1/&"2'&,8"1/"*7+)7('+"0')),(/&"13")$,"(,0(,&,/)')%1/"13"&1*%'+" 01&%)%1/9"#$,".'g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h17("'/%.'+h>"6$%*$"2,+1/5&")1"h17("3'.%+4h>"*'/"2," &,,/"'&"7/%@7,>",:,/"%/"17("0(,&,/*,>"%/".4"0(%:'),"&0'*,"'/8>"16%/5")1")$," *1/)'*)&"%)"$'&"6%)$"7&>"%)"'*)&"<(,0(,&,/)&"%)&,+3="'&"h$7.'/"2,%/5h9"#$," 0$1)15('0$&"13")$,"'/%.'+&"<&%.%+'(")1")$1&,"(,0(,&,/)%/5"0,10+,="'(,"&1.,$16" ,:%8,/*,"13"&7*$"'"8,3%/%)%1/"13")$,"&%)7')%1/"<%)"%&")$,".,'/%/5"13"),&)%34%/5"24" .,'/&"13"0$1)15('0$&=9"jCk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aaJ'>" 009AKEcAKI=9"jEk #$,"'/'+4&%&"13")$,"0$1)15('0$&"*+,'(+4"%/8%*'),&")$')"/1/c:,(2'+"*1..7/%*')%1/" '/8"*1(01('+%)4>"%/*+78%/5"'&0,*)&"13"&0'*,>"0+'4"'".'g1("(1+,"%/")$,"(,+')%1/&" 2,)6,,/"$7.'/&"'/8"81.,&)%*"'/%.'+&9"#$,"'/'+4&%&"13")$,"0$1)15('0$&"'88&" 4,)"'/1)$,("8%.,/&%1/")1")$,"(,+')%1/&>"6$%*$"*17+8"/1)"$':,"2,,/"12&,(:,8>" 0(,:%17&+4"%/")$,"/'((')%:,"'/8"7/&)(7*)7(,8"%/),(:%,6&"*'((%,8"17)"87(%/5")$,"

(3)

10,/%/5"&)'5,"13"17(",)$/15('0$%*"0(1g,*)9"N7*$"*1..1/"'/8"12:%17&"'*)%1/&"'&" )17*$%/5>"&)(1?%/5>"*'(,&&%/5>"?%&&%/5")$,"'/%.'+&"6,(,"7//1)%*,'2+,"24")$," 16/,(&"%/")$,%(":,(2'+"'**17/)&9"Q$')"%&"12:%17&"%&"7&7'++4"1:,(+11?,8",:,/" )$175$"%)"%&>"')")$,"&'.,")%.,>",-*,0)%1/'++4"%.01()'/)"%/"&1*%'+"(,+')%1/&9"#$," h%//7.,('2+,"%/&*(7)'2+,"$'2%)&h"<NB\dRUDFZ>"CaaM>"009AAcEK=>"13),/" 7/(,.'(?'2+,"%/*%8,/)&>"*'/"2,"13")$,1(,)%*'+"%.01()'/*,"31(")$,"&1*%1+15%*'+" '/'+4&%&"'/8b1(")$,"'/'+4&%&"13"1)$,("&1*%'+"2,%/5&"<&,,!"NB\dRUDFZ>"CaaA=9" Q$%+,",-'.%/%/5")$,"%/),('*)%1/&"'/8"(,+')%1/&"2,)6,,/"$7.'/&"6,"*'/" &%.7+)'/,17&+4"(,&,'(*$"%/)1"3'.%+4"(,+')%1/&"'/8"2,)),("7/8,(&)'/8")$,%("/')7(,9" #$,"%&&7,"13"&0'*,>"/1/c:,(2'+"*1..7/%*')%1/"'/8")17*$%/5>"0+'4".'g1("(1+,&"%/" )$,"*1/&)(7*)%1/"13",.1)%1/'+"21/8&9"#$,"%/),('*)%1/&"2,)6,,/"$7.'/&"'/8" '/%.'+&"&$16")$')")$,"0(,c*1/*,0)&"13",.1)%1/&>"'/8"*1/&,@7,/)+4"13",.1)%1/'+" 21/8&>"(,:,'+,8"1/")$,"+,:,+"13"*1++1@7%'+"+'/57'5,>"'(,"37()$,("&)(,/5)$,/,8"24" )17*$%/5"'/8"1/+4")$,/")$,(,"'00,'(&"6$')"%&"*'++,8"'"&1*%'+"21/8"'/8"h3'.%+4h9"jIk #$,"0$1)15('0$&",-01&,8")$,"%.01()'/*,"13")17*$%/5"%/")$,"*1/&)(7*)%1/"13"21)$" &1*%'+"'/8"3'.%+4"21/8&9"Z,:,()$,+,&&")$,"&'.,"0$1)15('0$&"(,.'%/,8"g7&)"&)')%*" '/8"*7+)7('++4"8,),(.%/,8"%.'5,&"13"&1*%'+"21/8")$')"h%&"2,*1.%/5"%/",:,(48'4" +%3,h9"#$7&")$,"(,0+4")1")$,"@7,&)%1/"h$16"%&"&7*$"'"21/8"&)(7*)7(,8"%/")$,"/')7('++4" 1**7((%/5"%/),('*)%1/&lh"6'&",-)(,.,+4"8%33%*7+)")1"5%:,9"#$,".'%/"07(01&,"13")$," '()%*+,"%&")1")$1(175$+4"'/&6,(")$,"'21:,"@7,&)%1/9"#$,"37()$,("'%."13")$,"&)784"%&" )$,")$,1(,)%*'+"'/8".1(,"5,/,('+"12g,*)%:,!"W16"%&"&7*$"'"&1*%'+"21/8"01&&%2+,l" #$,".,(,":%&7'+"'/'+4&%&"13")$,"0$1)15('0$%*"%.'5,&"3'%+&")1"'/&6,(")$,"@7,&)%1/9" #$,(,31(,"6,"8,*%8,8")1"2'&,")$,"(,&,'(*$"1/")$,":%8,1"(,*1(8%/5&"13" %/),('*)%1/&"2,)6,,/"$7.'/&"'/8"'/%.'+&"%/"1(8,(")1"*'((4"17)"'"8,)'%+,8" ,-'.%/')%1/"13")$,"*1/&)(7*)%1/"13")17*$"%/"5,/7%/,"%/),('*)%1/&9"Q$')"%&")$," *1/),-)"31(")$,"1**7((,/*,"'/8"$16"81,&"%)"$'00,/l"Q$')"'(,")$,"5,&)7(,&" 0,(31(.,8"24")$,"0'()%*%0'/)&"13"%/),('*)%1/"'/8"6$')"%&")$,"&,@7,/*,l"B&")$,(," '/4"0'()%*7+'("&,@7,/*,"13"5,&)7(,&>"6$%*$"*1/&)(7*)&")$,"&1*%'+"'&&1*%')%1/b&" <31(.&=l"Q$')"'(,")$,"*1/&,@7,/*,&"13")$,",-*$'/5,"13"5,&)7(,&"'/8")$," 1**7((%/5"&1*%'+"'&&1*%')%1/&l"jJk

E8)!%-)F-/%"+

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m"T;UHBZ>" Aeea>"009eKcAAJ>"6$1"(,5'(8"*1/),-)&"%/".1(,"8,),(.%/%&)%*".'//,(=9"T1/),-)"

(4)

*'//1)"2,"5%:,/"1/*,"'/8"31(,:,("'/8b1(",&)'2+%&$,8>"%)"%&"*1/&)'/)+4"*1/&)(7*),8" <TWFUDFX>"CaaK>"09AEAf"NB\dRUDFZ>"CaaA>"09Aaf"NB\dRUDFZ"CaaJ>"09SI=9"jKk d%8,1"(,*1(8%/5&"'&"*1/),-)"31("(,&,'(*$"'(,"'+&1"*1/&)(7*),8"24"(,&,'(*$,(9"B)"%&" %.01()'/)"6$,(,")$,"*'.,('"%&"+1*'),8>"6$')"*+1&,c70&"$,".'?,&>"6$')"%&")$," '/5+,>"%&")$,"*'.,('"&)')%*"1("$'/8c$,+8"07(&7%/5")$,"12g,*)>")$,"(,&,'(*$,(" 8,*%8,&"6$')"%&":%&%2+,"1/")$,"&*(,,/"6$,/")$,"(,*1(8%/5"%&"0+'4,8>"6$')")$,"8')'" '(,"'/8"6$')"6%++"2,"'/'+4&,89"#$,"'**7('*4"13")$,")('/&*(%2,8"%/),('*)%1/"%&")$," *1/)%/7')%1/"13")$,"&'.,".1)%3"13")$,"*1/&)(7*)%1/"13"*1/),-)>"2,*'7&,"%)".%5$)"2," 3'&$%1/,8"24")$,"(,&,'(*$,("%/"'".1(,"1("+,&&"8,)'%+,8".'//,(9"jMk U,*1(8%/5&"'++16"(,0,)%)%1/"'/8".7+)%0+,":%,6%/5&"13")$,"&'.,",:,/)"(,*1(8,8" 6%)$"'"*'.,('9"B)",/'2+,&"'"8,)'%+,8"'/'+4&%&"13"5,&)7(,&"'&"6,++"'&":1*'+%&')%1/" 1**7((%/5"2,)6,,/"5,&)7(,&"'/8"&%.7+)'/,17&+4")1")$,.9"Z,:,()$,+,&&":%&7'+" .'),(%'+"&$17+8"/1)"2,"(,5'(8,8"'&"%&1.1(0$%*"6%)$")$,",:,/)&")$,4"(,3+,*)9"#$," (,*1(8%/5&"'(,".'8,"'/8")$,/"(,0+'4,8"24".,'/&"13"'"0'()%*7+'("),*$/1+154" <*'.,('=9"P1("%/&)'/*,>"%/"*'&,"13"V':%8"O;;VRn&"<CaaM=",)$/1.,)$181+15%*'+" '/'+4&%&"13":%8,1"(,*1(8%/5&"13"$%&"0+'4%/5"6%)$")$,"815>"(,0+'4%/5"'/8"27%+8%/5"13" &,@7,/*,&"6'&"01&&%2+,"1/+4"%/"Ac&,*1/8"%/),(:'+&>"6$%*$",:,/)7'++4"8,),(.%/,8" )$,"*$1%*,"13"8,)'%+&"<'/8"&,@7,/*,&="13"%/),('*)%1/")1"2,"'/'+4&,89"P7()$,(.1(,>" )$,"*'.,('"6'&"&,)"%/"'"0'()%*7+'("0+'*,"'/8"3%+.,8"')"'"*,()'%/"'/5+,9"Q$,/")$," *'.,('"%&"&)')%*"&1.,"13")$,",:,/)&".'4")'?,"0+'*,"17)&%8,")$,"3('.,"'/8"'(,"/1)" (,*1(8,8"1/")$,"3%+."<%)"$'00,/,8"87(%/5"O;;VRn&"0+'4%/5"6%)$"$%&"815f"CaaM>" 09AJJ=9"X11.%/5"8,),(.%/,&"37()$,("8,)'%+&"13")$,"'/'+4&%&9"F++")$1&,",+,.,/)&" %/3+7,/*,")$,"*1/&)(7*)%1/"13"8')'"24"(,&,'(*$,(>"'/8")$,(,31(,")$,4"&$17+8"2," '/'+4&,8"*(%)%*'++49"d%8,15('0$%*"8,&*(%0)%1/"175$)"/1)")1"2,")(,'),8"'&"'"3'%)$37+" (,3+,*)%1/"13"(,'+%)49"jSk N%.%+'(+4>"0(,&,/)')%1/"13"8')'"%&"'"6'4"13"*1/&)(7*)%1/>"2,*'7&,"%/),(0(,)')%1/"13" 8')'"')")$,")%.,"13"(,0(,&,/)')%1/"%&"8,),(.%/,8"24")$,"(,&,'(*$,(n&"*$1%*,&!"6$')" )1"(,0(,&,/)"'/8"6$')"&$17+8"2,")$,"'**7('*4"13"(,0(,&,/)')%1/l"<O;;VR>"CaaM>" 09AeM="V')'"81"/1)"37/*)%1/"%/8,0,/8,/)+4"'&")$,"(,*1(8"13"12g,*)%:,"(,'+%)49" F**1(8%/5")1"O;;VR>")$,4"$':,"'"h81*7.,/)'(4h"*$'('*),("'/8"'(,"(,0(,&,/),8" '&",:%8,/*,"13")$,",-%&),/*,"13")$,"0$,/1.,/1/"8,&*(%2,8"24"'"(,&,'(*$,(9"jek d%8,1"(,*1(8%/5&"7&,8"%/"17("(,&,'(*$"'++16,8"7&")1"&,,"'/8"$,'(".1(,")$'/" 7/&)(7*)7(,8"'/8"/'((')%:,"%/),(:%,6&>"0'()%*%0'/)"12&,(:')%1/"</1),&"1/" 12&,(:')%1/="1("0$1)15('0$&9"U,0,)%)%1/"13"(,*1(8%/5&"'++16&")$,"/1)%*%/5"13" 5,&)7(,&>")$,%("8,&*(%0)%1/"'/8"/'.%/59"U,0,)%)%1/"13"(,*1(8%/5&"'++16&")$," 12&,(:')%1/"13",-*$'/5,"'/8")$')",'*$"5,&)7(,"%/"'"0'()%*7+'("%/),('*)%1/"+,'8&")1" '/1)$,("5,&)7(,"'/8")$,/")$,"/,-)"31++16&",)*9"L'()%*7+'("&,@7,/*,&"13"5,&)7(,&" *'/")$7&"2,"12&,(:,89"Q$')"*'/"'+&1"2,"12&,(:,8"'(,")$,"37/*)%1/&"13"5,&)7(,&" <)17*$%/5="%/"'"0'()%*7+'("&,@7,/*,"'/8"6$')")$,"01&&%2+,".,'/%/5&"'(,"31(")$," 0'()%*%0'/)&"13"'/4"%/),('*)%1/l"jAak d%&7'+"&1*%1+154"7&%/5":%8,1"(,*1(8%/5&"0(1:%8,&"'/"%/&%5$)"%/)1")$,"8,)'%+&"13" ,:,(48'4"+%3,"'/8"'++16&")$,"8,)'%+,8"'/'+4&%&"13")$,&,"0'()%*7+'(%)%,&>"6$%*$>" '+)$175$"7/8,(&)118"0'&&"7/c/1)%*,8"31(")$,"0'()%*%0'/)&"<&,,!"[Z;H\F^TW>"

(5)

NTWZR##\RU>"UFFH"m"N;RPPZRU>"CaaKf"NB\dRUDFZ>"CaaA>"009CaCcCAKf" CaaJ>"009JMcKaf"WRF#W>"AeeMf"\BHRUDFZ>"CaaIf"O;;VR>"CaaMf"DB#TWR\\"m" #W;DLN;Z>"AeeAf"\F^UBRU>"DFXR"m"\^ZVBZ>"CaaK"6$1"%/")$,"+'&)")$(,," 01&%)%1/&"'/'+4&,":%8,1"(,*1(8%/5&"13"%/),('*)%1/&"2,)6,,/"$7.'/&"'/8"'/%.'+&=9" H4"&$16%/5")$,":%&7'+",-'.0+,&"13")$,".7)7'+"'*)%:%)%,&"13"$7.'/&"'/8"'/%.'+&" 6,"'(,")(4%/5")1"3%/8"0'()%*7+'(>"13),/"7//1)%*,8"&,@7,/*,&"13"&72c'*)%:%)%,&"'/8" .1:,.,/)&9"Q,"(,0+'*,")$,",-'.0+,&"13",:,/)&"'/8"%/&)'/*,&"6%)$"&,@7,/*,&"%/" 1(8,(")1"(,*1/*%+,"&1.,".,)$181+15%*'+"'(57.,/)&"<NB\dRUDFZ>"CaaM>" 009KAcSIf"&,,"'+&1"NB\dRUDFZ>"Caa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h&)(7*)7(,h"13")$,"0(1*,&&,&>"6$%*$"'(,"7/8,("&*(7)%/4"'/8" (,3+,*)")$,"1/51%/5"&)'5,&"13")$,&,"0(1*,&&,&9"jAAk B/"17("(,&,'(*$"Ka":%8,1"*+%0&"6,(,"(,*1(8,8"24".,'/&"13"'"01()'2+,"*'.,('>" 6$,(,")$,"10,(')1("6'&"31++16%/5")$,"(,*1(8,8"12g,*)&9"#$,"*+%0&"6,(," )('/&*(%2,8"'/8")$,/"'/'+4&,8"24".,'/&"13"5(17/8,8")$,1(49"#$,"(,*1(8%/5&" 6,(,"5')$,(,8"%/"1(8,(")1"&$16")40%*'+",:,(48'4"&%)7')%1/&"13"%/),('*)%1/"2,)6,,/" $7.'/&"'/8"'/%.'+&"%/")$,%("$17&,$1+8&9C_{"#$,"*1/),-)"13")$,"(,*1(8%/5"6'&"'+&1"} 8,&*(%2,8")$1(175$+4"'/8")$,"2'&%*",)$/15('0$%*"%/31(.')%1/"6'&"0(1:%8,8>"&7*$" '&!">6'B)>6.".B)>6.-),-=)>6$>"(,5'(8%/5")$,"0'()%*7+'("'/%.'+"1("16/,(9"jACk *",-%/"17&1'-".'%/+4"%/:1+:,8")$,"8,&*(%0)%1/"13"6$')")$,"(,&,'(*$,("&'6"1/")$," :%8,1"<&,,!"N^TWFU>"AeeMf"[;ZRT[B>"CaaJ2=9E_{"Q$%+,"6')*$%/5>")$,"(,*1(8%/5"} 6'&"3(,@7,/)+4"0'7&,8"')"%/8%:%87'+"5,&)7(,&"1("&,@7,/*,&"13"5,&)7(,&"%/"1(8,(")1" 31++16")$,".1:,.,/)&"13",'*$"0'()%*%0'/)"13")$,"%/),('*)%1/9"#$,"(,&,'(*$,("7&,8" :%8,1"(,*1(8%/5&"'&"h@7'&%c0'()%*%0'/)"12&,(:')%1/h"24".,'/&"13"5('0$%*" 8,&*(%0)%1/"6$%*$"6'&"'".7*$".1(,"(,+%'2+,")11+")$'/"$%&"'/8"$,(".,.1(49"#$," *+%0&"*17+8"2,"(,c:%,6,8"'/8")$7&"8,&*(%0)%1/&"*17+8"2,"*1((,*),8"'/8"*1.0+,),89" #$,"&$1()":%8,1&"6,(,")('/&*(%2,8f")$,"%.'5,&"6,(,")$7&")('/&31(.,8"%/)1"),-)>" 6$%*$"6'&"37()$,("'/'+4&,8")$(175$"'7.-),-=)%.5./&1C.)/'=1-D"'**1(8%/5")1")$," 0(1*,87(,&"13".,)$181+154"13"5(17/8,8")$,1(4"<&,,"#'2+,"A=9"jAEk C V')'"*'/"2,"*+'&&%3%,8>"7&%/5")401+154"13"[Z;H\F^TW"<CaaI>"009ACKcACM=>"'&"h&*%,/)%3%*'++4" (,5%&),(,8"&1*%'+"&%)7')%1/&h"'/8"'&"h'"8')'"(,5%&),(,8"24"0'()%*%0'/)&"13"/')7('+"&1*%'+" &%)7')%1/&h9"#$,"*110,(')1(&"13")$,"(,&,'(*$,("<&)78,/)&="13),/"(,5%&),(,8")$,%("16/"%/),('*)%1/&" 6%)$"*1.0'/%1/"'/%.'+&9" E O;;VR"<CaaM>"09AJ="8%8"/1)"7&,")('/&*(%0)%1/"13":%8,1"%.'5,&"<1("$,"81,&"/1)"6(%),"'217)"%)="$," 8%(,*)+4"'/'+4&,8")$,".'),(%'+")$(175$"(,0,'),8":%,6%/5"13")$,"(,*1(8%/5&"'/8")$,")$1(175$" 0(,&,/)')%1/"13"8,)'%+&"13")$,"0$,/1.,/1/"'/8"1/")$,"2'&%&"13")$,"&,@7,/*%/5"13"&)%++&"&$16%/5" )$,"1(8,("13",:,/)&9"B"2,+%,:,>")$')"),-)7'+")('/&*(%0)%1/"13":%8,1"%.'5,&"%&"'")11+"6$%*$"&,(:,&"'&" '"0(,c0$'&,"13")$,"'/'+4&%&>"2,*'7&,"h(,6(%)%/5hb8,&*(%0)%1/"31(*,&"'"(,&,'(*$,(")1"*1/&%8,(')%1/" 13"6$')"$,"1("&$,"'*)7'++4"&'6"1/")$,"3%+.9"hU,6(%)%/5h"'+&1",/31(*,&"'"8,)'%+,8"6'4"13")$%/?%/5"

(6)

D,)$181+154"13"5(17/8,8")$,1(4"5,/,('),&"*'),51(%,&>")$,%("@7'+%)%,&"'/8" $401)$,&,&b)$,1(,)%*'+")$,&,&"'/8"(,+')%1/&"2,)6,,/"$401)$,&,&"1/")$,"2'&%&"13" )$,"'/'+4&%&"13",.0%(%*'+"8')')<O\FNRU"m"N#UF^NN>"AeKMf"O\FNRU>"AeMSf" [;ZRT[B>"CaaJ'f"N#UF^NN"m"T;UHBZ>"Aeeaf"&,,"'+&1!"TWFUDFX>"CaaK=9"jAIk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jAJk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l" W16"81,&")$,",-*$'/5,"13"5,&)7(,&"$'00,/"%/"&7*$"%/),('*)%1/&l"jAKk F/1)$,(".,)$181+15%*'+"),(."*'/"2,"7&,8")1"g7&)%34"17("*$1%*,"13":%8,1"(,*1(8%/5&" 13"h/')7('++4h"1**7((%/5"%/),('*)%1/&>"6$%*$"%&"&"1,-D95,&1'-"<[;ZRT[B>"Caaa>" 009MMcee=9"Q,"*'((%,8")$,".,)$181+15%*'+")(%'/57+')%1/"<)$,"*$1%*,"13":'(%17&" .,)$18&"%/")$,",-'.%/')%1/"13"1/,"0(12+,.=9"#$%&"6'4")$,(,"'00,'(,8"'"*$'/*," )1"*1//,*)".7+)%0+,"%,+75.%)'().+71"1/,5)=,&,)%/8,-%/5")$,"&'.,"&1*%'+" 0$,/1.,/1/b'>")$')"%&"27%+8%/5")$,",.1)%1/'+"21/8"%/"0'()%*7+'("&1*%'+" '&&1*%')%1/&"0(187*,8"24")$,",-*$'/5,"13"5,&)7(,&9"D,(,":,(2'+"&)'),.,/)&" %/8%*')%/5")$,",-%&),/*,"13"'/",.1)%1/'+"21/8"2,)6,,/"'"$7.'/"'/8"'/"'/%.'+" '(,"%/&733%*%,/)"%/31(.')%1/"(,5'(8%/5")$,"*1/&)(7*)%1/"13")$,"21/8"%/"(,'+"'*)%:%)%,&" '/8"%/),('*)%1/&9"d,(2'+"&)'),.,/)&"2,*1.,"(,'+"'*)%:%)%,&"6$,/")$,4"'(," 12&,(:,8"%/"&,@7,/*,&"13"/')7('+"2,$':%17("<%/*+78%/5"5,&)7(,&=>",959"6$,/"1/," )'+?&")1"'/"'/%.'+"87(%/5")$,"%/),('*)%1/"<&,,"N,*)%1/"E=9"jAMk V7(%/5"&,+,*)%:,"*18%/5")$,"(,&,'(*$,("7&%/5")$,".,)$18&"13"5(17/8,8")$,1(4" ,.0+14,8")$,"/'-%&,-&)/'+7,",&1C.)+.&6'=G)6$%*$"*1.0'(,&"0'()%*7+'(",.0%(%*'+" *'&,&>"12&,(:,8"%/),('*)%1/&"'/8"5,&)7(,&>")1"@7'+%)%,&"13"*'),51(%,&"'/8" *'),51(%,&9"F++")$,"'21:,"%&"7&,8"31("&')7(')%/5"*'),51(%,&"'/8"27%+8%/5"&*$,.'&" <8%'5('.&>"&,,"V%'5('."A"%/"F00,/8%-"A="6$%*$"%/),5('),"*'),51(%,&"'/8"

$401)$,&,&9"F)")$,"&'.,")%.,")$,"(,&,'(*$,("6(%),&"".%.,"/6)-'&.%),-=) &6.'".&1/,5)-'&.%>"%/")$,"+')),(")$,")$,1(,)%*'+"+'/57'5,"%&"7&,8")1"/1),")$,"

(7)

12&,(:,8"(,+')%1/&>"&%.%+'(%)%,&"'/8"8%33,(,/*,&"2,)6,,/"*'&,&"'/8")$,%("*1/),-)" 13"1**7((,/*,9"#$,1(,)%*'+"/1),&"+'),("2,*1.,")$,"2'&%&"13")$,"(,&,'(*$"(,01()>" 8,&*(%0)%1/"1(")$,1(49"jASk ;/")$,"2'&%&"13"&,+,*)%:,"*18%/5")$,"(,&,'(*$,("13"%/),('*)%1/"2,)6,,/"$7.'/&" '/8"'/%.'+&"6(%),&")$,1(,)%*'+"/1),&>"&')7('),&"*'),51(%,&>"*1//,*)&")$,."'/8" '&?&"31++16c70"@7,&)%1/&"%/"1(8,(")1"0,(31(.")$,1(,)%*'+"&'.0+%/59"d%8,1" (,*1(8%/5&"6,(,"5')$,(,8"%/"*1//,*)%1/")1")$,"@7,&)%1/&"'&?,8>",959"(,5'(8%/5" )$,"*1/),-)&"13"0+'4%/5"<*17/)(4&%8,>"*%)4="'/8"5')$,(%/5"13"&'.0+,&"13")$,".1&)" %.01()'/)"(%)7'+&b,/*17/),(&"2,)6,,/"$7.'/&"'/8"81.,&)%*"'/%.'+&"%/")$,"3'.%+4" *1/),-)G$17&,$1+89"B)"6'&".,'/)")1"3%++")$,"6$1+,"8'4"13"'/"'/%.'+n&"&)'4"')"$1.," 6%)$"'++"&%5/%3%*'/)",:,/)&"<6'+?%/5>"3,,8%/5>"0+'4%/5>"07))%/5")1"&+,,0",)*9=9"jAek B/")$,"'()%*+,"6,"'(,"51%/5")1"0(,&,/)".'%/+4"8,&*(%0)%1/&"'/8"0$1)15('0$%*" %.'5,&"<&)%++&"3(1.")$,":%8,1&="13"8,&*(%2,8"0$,/1.,/'9"Y,)"1/,"$'&")1"2,'("%/" .%/8")$')")$,"2'&,&"31(")$,"'/'+4&%&"6,(,":%8,1&"'/8")$,%(")('/&*(%0)%1/&9"#$," :%8,1&"6,(,"(,*1(8,8"'/8")('/&*(%2,8"24"Ca"&)78,/)&"'&"0'()"13")$,"(,&,'(*$" 0(1g,*)"7/8,(")$,"&'.,")%)+,"'&")$,"'()%*+,9"#$,":%8,1&"*'/"2,"317/8"%/")$," '(*$%:,&"13")$,"(,&,'(*$,(9"jCak

**H8)!3I&'()/")9'&43.J6@=)!3I**

L,10+,")'+?"'"+1)")1"81.,&)%*"'/%.'+&9"#$,")'+?%/5"7&7'++4"$'&")$,"31(."13"h2'24" )'+?h>")$')"%&".'//,("13"&0,'?%/5"6$%*$"%&"13),/"7&,8"24"0'(,/)&"6$,/"'88(,&&%/5" :,(4"417/5"*$%+8(,/9I_"jCAk F,@$)&,50)%&"'/",-0(,&&%1/"13"01&%)%:,"3,,+%/5&"'/8"'/"%/8%*')1("13",.1)%1/'+"21/8>" 2,*'7&,"%/"17("*7+)7(,"%)"%&"'"7,",C."@,5)1=1'+)'()&6.)+,--.")'(),==".%%1-D) /615=".->"7&7'++4")$,4"'(,"*$%+8(,/")16'(8&"6$1."6,"$':,")$,"3,,+%/5&"13" '33,*)%1/9"N7*$"'"&%)7')%1/"1**7(&"'+&1"%/"%/),('*)%1/&"2,)6,,/"$7.'/&"'/8" '/%.'+&9 hF"*')"('%&,&"%)&"$,'8"'/8"&@7%/)%/5"%)&",4,&"+11?&"')")$,"61.'/>"6$1"%&"&)(1?%/5"%)&" )7..4>"'/8")$,"*')"07++&")$,")'2+,*+1)$"6%)$"%)&"*+'6&"'/8"*788+,&"%)9"nQ$')>"o7+7&%'>" 417"81/n)"?/16"6$')n&"51%/5"1/l"D4"+%))+,"&6,,)"8'(+%/5n"hJ_{"<8,&*(%0)%1/"3(1.":%8,1"} ho7+%'/"Ih=9"jCCk B)".%5$)"2,",@7%:'+,/)")1"&6,,)")'+?"'/8"'*)%1/&"13",+,."9))40,"<V;B>"AeSC=9"N7*$" (,'*)%1/&"1**7("%/"(,+')%1/&"6$,(,"3,,+%/5&"13"+1:,>"8,:1)%1/"'/8",.1)%1/'+" 21/8%/5"'00,'(9"o'0'/,&,"0&4*$1'/'+4&)"#9"V;B",-0+'%/&")$,"0$,/1.,/1/" (,3,((%/5")1"),(.%/1+154"3(1."o'0'/,&,"+'/57'5,9"#$,"61(8",+,.".,'/&"%>..&) %/"o'0'/,&,>"6$,(,'&",+,."9".,'/&"h2,$':,"%/"'"&6,,)".'//,(h9"B)"'+&1".,'/&" @.1-D)1-=95D.-&)&')1-='/15.)@.6,C1'9">".'%/+4"13"*$%+8(,/>"27)"'+&1"+1:,(&>"6$1&," 2,$':%17("6,"),/8")1"31(5%:,>"'/8"%/81*%+,"8,.,'/17("%&"13),/")$,"6'4"13"),&)%/5" )$,"&)(,/5)$"13")$,"21/8>"'/8"'+&1"'"6'4"13"*1/3%(.')%1/"13"%)9"B/87+5,/*,"31("&7*$" I #$,"0$,/1.,/1/"13"h2'24")'+?h"6'&"12&,(:,8"'+&1"24"O;;VR"<CaaM=9

(8)

2,$':%17("%&":,(4"%.01()'/)"'/8"0(1:1?%/5"13"%)"%&"'"6'4"13".'%/)'%/%/5")$,"21/8" <V;B>"AeSC=9"jCEk T788+%/5>"h&6,,)")'+?h"<@,@$)&,50B),+,."9="'/8"%/87+5,/*,"'++16"31("*(,')%/5"'/" .+'&1'-,5)@'-=)6%)$"'/"'/%.'+9"B/87+5,/*,"%/")$%&"*'&,"(,3,(&")1"(,'*)%1/&>"6$%*$" %/"/1(.'+"&%)7')%1/"617+8"2,"7/'**,0)'2+,>"27)"%/")$,"&%)7')%1/"13"'"&)(1/5" ,.1)%1/'+"21/8")$,4"'(,"0'()+4"%5/1(,8"1("37++4"'**,0),89" hQ,"&'4"6%)$".4".7."n;1pn>"&'4&".7.>"nW16"/%*,pn"B)"/785,&"$,("3(1/)"0'6"'5'%/>" L'/)$,("<'"*')="%&")(4%/5")1"&)(%?,"$,(>"nW16"/%*,"'(,")$1&,"0'6&"13"417(&pn"B"&'4!"nY17" +%))+,"*(1&&0')*$>"417pn"h"<8,&*(%0)%1/"13")$,"3('5.,/)"13")$,":%8,1"hL'/)$,("1/")$," 3+11(h=9"jCIk #$,"1)$,("*7+)7('+"%8%1."%/8%*')%/5")(,').,/)"13"81.,&)%*"'/%.'+&"510.)/615=".-"%&" *('8+%/5")$,."<-'-GC."@,5)1=1'+f"&,,!"[;ZRT[B>"CaaJ'>"009AIEcAJC=9"B)"%&" ,&0,*%'++4":%&%2+,"6$,/>"6$%+,")'?%/5"'/%.'+&"%/"1/,n&"'(.&>")$,"2'24")'+?"%&" '00+%,8!"hQ$')n&"70>"H%&%7l";$>"51++4>"6$')"%&")$,(,l"Y,'$>"4,'$"i"$,"6'/)&")1" 2,"*'((%,8"%/"'(.&>",:%8,/)+4h"<)$,"*'.,('.'/n&"*1..,/)'(4"3(1.":%8,1"hF/" '/%.'+"*'((%,8"%/"'(.&"+%?,"'"*$%+8h"87(%/5":%8,1"(,*1(8%/5>"&,,"L$1)1"A"2,+16" 3(1.")$')":%8,1=9 L$1)1"A!"F")17*$>"hF/"'/%.'+"*'((%,8"%/"'(.&"+%?,"'"*$%+8h"jCJk

**K8)?'/-'/&"'*3&/=**

B)"13),/"$'00,/&"87(%/5",:,(48'4"%/),('*)%1/")$')"&1.,"%/),/)%1/&"'(,"'&*(%2,8")1" '/%.'+&>",959")$,"%/),/)%1/&"13"h3,,+%/5"13"g,'+17&4h"87(%/5"0+'4%/5! hF/8"o1?,("%&"6'%)%/5"$,(,"'++"g,'+17&lG&$,")$(16&"'"(722,("$,85,$159"N$,"&0,'?&" )1")$,"815!"nP,)*$>"3,)*$>"417"g,'+17&"574n9"#$,"815"%&"+4%/5"1/")$,"*'(0,)"'/8"&)'()&" +%*?%/5"%)&"0'6>")$,"61.'/"&'4&!"n#$,"*')"%&"51/,"/16>"&1"417n:,"5%:,/"70n"h"<3(1." :%8,1"ho7+%'/"Ih=9"jCKk

(9)

W,(,"%&"'/1)$,(",-'.0+,"13"%/),/)%1/'+%)4"2,%/5"'/"'&*(%0)%1/"13"%/),/)%1/&"'/8"%)&" ,-0(,&&%1/"')")$,"&'.,")%.,! hN$,"%&"&)(1?%/5")$,"*')"'++")$,")%.,>"'/8")$,"'/%.'+"%&"&)'.0%/5"1/"$,("3,,)"'/8" &)(1?,&"'5'%/&)"61.'/n&"+,5&9"B"&'4!"nQ,++>"%)"6'&/n)9"W,n&"6'%)%/5"31("&1.,2184n9"#$," 61.'/"&'4&!"nF(,"6,"51%/5>"?%))4l"D4"?%))4"i"*1.,"1/n"h"<8')'"3(1."'7)$1(n&" (,&,'(*$=9"jCMk B/")$')"&%)7')%1/")$,"'/%.'+"h,-0(,&&,&")$,"6%&$h"13"51%/5"17)9"jCSk B/),/)%1/&"*'//1)"2,"7/8,(&)118"6%)$17)")$,"'/'+4&%&"13"6$')"%&"$'00,/%/5"1/")$," +,:,+"13"%/),('*)%1/>")$,"'&*(%0)%1/"13"%/),/)%1/"%&")$,"(,:,(&,"&%8,"13")$,",-0(,&&%1/" 24")$,"0'()/,("13"%/),('*)%1/9";2:%17&+4",:,(4)$%/5"%&"6%)$%/")$,"3('.,"13" '/)$(101.1(0$%&')%1/"13"81.,&)%*"'/%.'+&"1/"0'()"13"$7.'/&"<[;ZRT[B>"CaaJ'>" 009AIcAM>"&,,"'+&1"O;;VR>"CaaM>"009SEcAaI=9"jCek B)"13),/"$'00,/&")$')")$,"12&,(:,(b(,&,'(*$,("<&)78,/)"0'()%*%0')%/5"%/")$," 0(1g,*)=>"6$%+,"8,&*(%2%/5"%/),('*)%1/"(,*1(8,8"6%)$")$,"*'.,('>"3%/8&"%)"8%33%*7+)"/1)" )1"%/),(0(,)")$,"5,&)7(,&"13")$,"'/%.'+9"#$,(,"0,(.'/,/)+4"1**7(&",%/"17&1'-)'() 1-&.-&1'-%)<,959"$10,=>"3,,+%/5&"'/8"(,3+,*)%1/&"<,959"$'00%/,&&>"&')%&3'*)%1/=!"hF" 815"(,*,%:,&"'"0%,*,"13"*$%*?,/>"%)"+%*?&"%)"+%0&"'/8"%&"6'%)%/5"31(".1(,h9"B"&'4!"h#$," $'00%,&)"815"%/")$,"61(+8ph"jEak B)"617+8"2,",-)(,.,+4"8%33%*7+)")1"7/8,(&)'/8"6$')"%&"$'00,/%/5"%/"'"0'()%*7+'(" %/),('*)%1/"6%)$"'"81.,&)%*"'/%.'+"%3"6,"8%8"/1)"'00+4"'/)$(101.1(0$%&')%1/>" 6$%*$"&,,.&",-)(,.,+4"0('5.')%*")11+"31("*15/%)%1/"'/8"')")$,"&'.,")%.,"<07))%/5" )$,"(,'+%)4"%/"$7.'/"1(8,("%/",:,(48'4"+%3,=9"jEAk #$,"'2%+%)4")1"7".=1/&",:,/)&>"%/"1)$,("61(8&)&61-01-D>"%&"'+&1"'&*(%2,8")1"'/%.'+&9" #$,"'/%.'+>"'**1(8%/5")1")$,"16/,(>"6,%),)+1-=B)>61/6),55'>%)1&)&')/'-%/1'9%5$) ,=,7&)&')&6.)%9""'9-=1-D%A)*6.)+1-=)@./'+.%")$,"2'&%&"13")$,"@7'+%3%*')%1/"13" h1-&.-&1'-,51&$h9"h#$,".%/8h"%&")$,"&)(7*)7(,"'++16%/5")$,"0+'*,.,/)"13"'/%.'+&"%/"'" $7.'/n&"61(+8"'/8"0('5.')%*'++4"(,'*$%/5"'%.&"&%.%+'(")1")$1&,")$')"'(,"(,'*$,8" %/")$,"*1..7/%*')%1/"2,)6,,/"$7.'/&9"jECk E-&.-&1'-,51&$"<*1/&*%17&/,&&"13")$,"12g,*)b)$,"'2%+%)4")1"(,'+%&,"0,(*,%:,8"12g,*)&" '/8")$,"'&&7.0)%1/"13")$,"*1/&*%17&/,&&"13")$,"0,(*,%:,8"12g,*)"%/"'/1)$,(" 0,(&1/="%/"*1..7/%*')%1/"6%)$"81.,&)%*"'/%.'+&"%&"%/8%&0,/&'2+,>"2,*'7&,"%)"%&" )$,"*1/8%)%1/"13"*1..7/%*')%1/"%)&,+39"#$,"'&*(%0)%1/"13"%/),/)%1/&"%&"'"31(."13" )'?%/5")$,"(1+,"13")$,"1)$,(9)DB#TWR\\"'/8"#W;DLN;Z"<AeeA="(,'*$"'"&%.%+'(" *1/*+7&%1/!")$,"0'()%*%0'/)&"13"5'.,&"1(5'/%],")$,%(".1:,&"%/"*,()'%/"0(1g,*)&>" 6$%*$"87(%/5")$,"5'.,"'(,"'8'0),8")1",'*$"1)$,("'/8")$,"5'.,"%&"&)'2%+%],8"24" )$,"'00+%*')%1/"13"(7+,&"13".7)7'+%)4"2,)6,,/")$,"0'()%*%0'/)&9"B3")$,"0(1g,*)&"'(," /1)"0'('++,+")$,/")$,"0'()%*%0'/)&"13")$,"5'.,"%/:%),",'*$"1)$,(")1"'+),(")$,"0(1g,*)" 24"0(,),/8%/5"%/'2%+%)4")1".'?,")$,".1:,>"(,37&'+")1"0+'4>".'/%07+')%/5"0(,),/8%/5" 13"%/'2%+%)4")1".1:,"'/8"&%.0+,".'/%07+')%1/9"#$,"0'()%*%0'/)&"13")$,"5'.,>" '**1(8%/5")1")$,"'7)$1(&>"1(5'/%],")$,%(".1:,&"%/"1(8,(")1"'*$%,:,"'"0'()%*7+'("

(10)

&%.%+'(":%,6&>"'&&7.%/5")$')")'?%/5")$,"(1+,"13")$,"1)$,("%/"%/),('*)%1/"%&"'" /,*,&&'(4"*1/8%)%1/")1"7/8,(&)'/8")$,"1)$,("'/8"*1++,*)%:,"'*)%:%)49"V9"O;;VR" <CaaM="81,&"/1)"'5(,,"6%)$")$,"'21:,"*1/*,0)&9"H'&%/5"1/"$%&",.0%(%*'+"(,&,'(*$" $,"&)'),&")$')"6$%+,"0+'4%/5"6%)$"'/%.'+&"%)"%&"8%33%*7+)")1"/1)%*,"%/),/)%1/&"1(" 0(1g,*)&"%/")$,.9"O'.,&"'(,".,(,+4"'8g7&)%/5".1:,.,/)&"'/8"5,&)7(,&"13")$," 0+'4,(&"%/"+1*'++4"8,),(.%/,8"*1/8%)%1/&9"#$,"8,3%/%)%1/"13"%/),/)%1/"'/8" *1/&*%17&/,&&"%&"7//,*,&&'(4"%/"1(8,(")1"7/8,(&)'/8"6$')"%&"$'00,/%/5"2,)6,,/" )$,"0'()%*%0'/)&9"#$,"&,@7,/*,"13".1:,.,/)&"%&"0(187*,8"%/"&%)7"'/8")$,(,"%&"/1" ,:%8,/*,")$')"%)"%&"0+'//,8"1("%/),/)%1/'+"<O;;VR>"CaaM>"009MJcMK>"&,,"'+&1" *(%)%*%&."13"NFZVRUN>"Aeee>"24"O;;VR>"CaaM>"09AEK=9"Z,:,()$,+,&&>"%/"17(" 10%/%1/>"%/),/)%1/"(,3,(&")1".1:,.,/)&"'/8"5,&)7(,&"%/"/,'("37)7(,>"/1)"8%&)'/)" '%.&"%/"*1/&*%17&+4"27%+)"0(1g,*)&9"B/),/)%1/&>"(,3,((%/5")1")$,&,".1:,.,/)&>"'(," (,'8"3(1.")$,"0(,*,8%/5".1:,.,/)&"'/8")$,(,"1**7(&"'/",-*$'/5,",:,/)7'++4" +,'8%/5")1")$,"*1/&)(7*)%1/"13"'"&1*%'+"31(."&7*$"'&"0+'49"F8g7&).,/)"13"5,&)7(,&" 1**7(&"%/"%8,/)%*'+"0(101()%1/&>"%)"%&")$,"&4..,)(4"13")$,",-*$'/5,"13"5,&)7(,&" )$')".')),(&"%/")$%&"*'&,9"B/),/)%1/&"6%)$17)"'"+1/5c),(."0+'/"*(,'),"0+'4"'&"'/" %/),/)%1/'+"&1*%'+"31(.9"B)"%&"'88%)%1/'++4")$,"(,&7+)"13")$,"&%)7')%1/")$')")$," ,-0,(%,/*,&"3(1.")$,"0(,:%17&"0+'4&"'(,"(,.,.2,(,8"'/8"7&,8"%/")$,"0+'4&")$')" 31++169"jEEk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jEIk

L8)!"#$%&'(

#17*$%/5"&,,.&"'"/,*,&&'(4",+,.,/)"13".'?%/5"*+1&,("*1/)'*)"6%)$"'/%.'+&9"B/" )$,"$17&,$1+8"%)"%&"'"*1/8%)%1/"13"'".7)7'+"'**,0)'/*,"'/8",/'2+,&"*1++,*)%:," '*)%1/&"'/8"*1..7/%*')%1/9)#17*$%/5"%&"1/,"13")$,".1&)"%.01()'/)"6'4&"13" ,&)'2+%&$%/5"'/8"?,,0%/5"&1*%'+"*1/)'*)&"<&,,!"\RF#WRUN>"CaaM>"009AEecAKa=9"B)" %&"'+&1"'")11+"31("'//17/*%/5"%/),/)%1/&9"N1.,"0$4&%1+15%&)&"(,5'(8")17*$%/5"'&" )$,"1/+4"&,/&,9"#$,"(,.'%/%/5"&,/&,&"'(,")$,"8,(%:')%:,&"13")17*$>"'&"'/" ,-0(,&&%1/"13")$,"&)%.7+')%1/"13"&?%/>".7&*+,&"'/8"2+118":,&&,+&"<NT;##>"AeME>" 09ACf"\RF#WRUN>"CaaM=9"N?%/".'4"'+&1"'*)"'&"'"&,/8,("13"%/31(.')%1/>"'/8" 2,*'7&,"%)"37/*)%1/&"1/")$,"&72*1/&*%17&"+,:,+>"%)"81,&"/1)"7/8,(51"'+),(')%1/&" *1//,*),8"6%)$")$,"%/3+7,/*,"13")$,"5(170"1("1)$,("?%/8&"13"17),("0(,&&7(,"3(1." )$,",/:%(1/.,/)9"#17*$%/5"'/8"0(1-%.%)4"&755,&)"'"*(':%/5"31("*+1&,/,&&"'/8" 8%(,*)/,&&>")$175$")$,"0$4&%*'+"'*)"13")17*$%/5".'4"(,@7%(,"'"*+1&,("0$4&%*'+" *1/)'*)")$'/"%)"%&"'**,0)'2+,"%/"072+%*"0+'*,&"<\RF#WRUN>"CaaM=9"jEJk N0'*,"*'/"'+&1"'//17/*,"*,()'%/".,'/%/5&>"31("%/&)'/*,>"6,"*'/"'//17/*,"17(" &)(1/5"/,,8&"13"'33%+%')%1/"24".,'/&"13"'00(1'*$%/5"1)$,(&9"L,10+,"'/8"'/%.'+&" 13),/"&)'4"%/)&",-%1.-&)%7,/.>")$')"%&>"8%(,*)+4"&7((17/8%/5"17("2184>"'/8")$,"

(11)

8%&)'/*,"13),/"$'&")$,"*$'('*),("13"1-&1+,&.)=1%&,-/."<acIJ*.=9"#17*$%/5"$'&"'" &%5/%3%*'/)"37/*)%1/"%/")$,"8,:,+10.,/)"13",51"'/8"0+'4&"'/"%.01()'/)"(1+,"%/"&,+3c '&&,&&.,/)9"#$,"&%5/%3%*'/*,"13")17*$"<)$,"&,.'/)%*&"13")17*$=".%5$)"2," *+'&&%3%,8"'&"317(".'%/"*1..7/%*')%:,")40,&! A9 )17*$%/5"*$'('*),(%&,8"24"01&%)%:,"'33,*)%1/"<)$,4"&$16"&7001()>" 7/8,(&)'/8%/5>"%/*+7&%1/>"3,,+%/5&=f" C9 ,/),()'%/%/5")17*$%/5"<)$,4"&$16"3'*,)%17&"'))'*$.,/)"1("3'*,)%17&"'/5,(=f E9 *1/)(1++%/5")17*$%/5"<)$,4"&$16"*1.0+%'/*,>"31*7&%/5"')),/)%1/>"'//17/*%/5" )$,"(,0+4=f I9 (%)7'+")17*$%/5"<)$,4"&$16"5(,,)%/5&"'/8"3'(,6,++&=9"jEKk P7()$,(.1(,>")17*$%/5"$'&"'+&1"&%5/%3%*'/*,"31("*1..7/%*')%1/f"%)"*'/"$':,"'" &7001()%:,"37/*)%1/>"6$%*$"%&"*1//,*),8")1")$,"3'*)")$')")17*$%/5"%&"'/",33,*)%:," .,'/&"13",.1)%1/'+"*1..7/%*')%1/9"B)".'4"'+&1"$':,")$,"37/*)%1/"13"016,("'/8" 81.%/')%1/>",959"'55(,&&%:,")17*$%/5"<07&$%/5>"?%*?%/5"1("8%(,*)"0$4&%*'+"'&&'7+)=9" B)"*'/"'+&1"&$16"h2,+1/5%/5h>")$')"%&>",959"6$,/")61"0,10+,"+%?,",'*$"1)$,(":,(4" .7*$"<'&"'21:,=9"jEMk F"&%.%+'("37/*)%1/"*'/"2,"0,(31(.,8"24":%&7'+"(,'*)%1/&9"d%&7'+"*1/)'*)"*'/"&%5/%34" ,.0')$4"'/8"6'(.)$>"'/8"&%.7+)'/,17&"+11?%/5"')",'*$"1)$,("&%5/'+&"'"6%&$")1" ,/),(")$,"%/),('*)%1/9"#$,"+'/57'5,"13",4,&"%&")$,"+'/57'5,"13",.1)%1/9"jESk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c:,(2'+"1("0'(':,(2'+"(,'*)%1/&"<%/*+78%/5" :1*'+%&')%1/>"&7*$"'&"07((%/5>"6$%.0,(%/5>"&@7,'+%/5>",)*9="%)"617+8"2,"%.01&&%2+," )1"*1..7/%*'),"'/8"&)'4"%/")$,"&'.,"&0'*,"6%)$"'/%.'+&9"jEek B/"'"3'.%+4c$17&,$1+8>")17*$%/5"%&"'"/,*,&&'(4"*1/8%)%1/",/'2+%/5"*1++,*)%:," '*)%1/&"'/8"*1..7/%*')%1/"2,)6,,/"$7.'/&"'/8"'/%.'+&"<[;ZRT[B>"CaaJ'>" 009AIEcAJC>"AMCcAMJ=9"#$,(,"'(,"'+&1"/7.,(17&"*1/),-)&>"%/"6$%*$")17*$%/5"13" '/%.'+&"1**7(&9"#$,".'g1(%)4"13"%/),('*)%1/&"2,)6,,/"$7.'/&"'/8"'/%.'+&"%&" 2'&,8"1/")17*$%/59"Q,"13),/"12&,(:,"?%&&%/5"'/%.'+&>"*788+%/5>",:,/"6$,/")$,4" '(,"*$'%/,8"17)&%8,")$,"$17&,"<&,,"&)%++"2,+16"3(1.")$,":%8,1"hT788+%/5"1/")$," *$'%/h"L$1)1"A=9#'+?%/5")1"'/%.'+&"'+&1"1**7(&>"%/")$')"0'()%*7+'("*'&,>"%)"%&" (,0,)%)%1/"13")$,"/'.,!

(12)

hi"V%/1>"V%/1>"V%/1"i"T1.,"V%/19"V%/1>"V%/1>"?%&&".,"<'"?%&&=9"Z%*,"81554>"/%*,>" /%*,"81554>"/%*,9"V%/1>"V%/1>"V%/1>"V%/1"<$%5$,("%/)1/')%1/=>"*1.,"1/9"T1.,"1/"<)$," 815")7(/&"%)&"2'*?>"27)"6%)$")$,"$,'8")7(/,8")16'(8&")$,"5%(+>"%)n&"6'55%/5"%)&")'%+=9" Q$')>"6$')>"6$')>"V%/1>"V%/1>"V%/1"<(,0,'),8"')"'"3'&)"0'*,=9"Q$')>"6$')l"<*'*?+%/5" 13"'"$,/"'/8"*'.,('.'/n&"+'75$),("%/")$,"2'*?5(17/8=9h L$1)1"C!"N)%++"3(1.")$,":%8,1"hT788+%/5"1/")$,"*$'%/h"jIak B/"1/,"13")$,":%8,1&"6,"*'/"&,,"'"214"%/")$,"$1.,"*1/),-)"%&"&)(1?%/5")61"815&" &%.7+)'/,17&+49"

(13)

#'2+,"A!"N'.0+,"13")('/&*(%0)%1/"'/8"*18%/5"

(14)

L$1)1"I!"N)%++"3(1.")$,":%8,1!"h#17*$%/5")61"815&G'"/,,8"13"&4..,)(4"Ch"jIAk #17*$%/5"'/8"&)(1?%/5"13")61"'/%.'+&"')")$,"&'.,")%.,"&$16&")$')")$,(,",-%&)&"'" *,()'%/"%/),('*)%:,"/,,8"13"&$'(%/5"13"*788+%/5"'/8")17*$%/5"2,)6,,/")$,")61" 815&9"F++"13")$,"'21:,"%&"*1//,*),8")1")$,"*1..7/%)4"13",-%&),/*,"13"$7.'/&"'/8" '/%.'+&"%/")$,"&'.,"&0'*,9"#$,",.1)%1/'+"1(8,("%&",&)'2+%&$,8"24".,'/&"13" )17*$%/5"%/"'/"%/)%.'),"8%&)'/*,"'/8")$,"0,(&1/'+"&0'*,"13"218%,&"8%(,*)+4" )17*$%/5",'*$"1)$,(9"jICk B/")$,"1(8%/'(4"+%3,"6%)$%/"3'.%+4G$17&,$1+8")$,(,"1**7("'"/7.2,("13"*1/),-)&"13" )17*$%/59"*6.)/'-&.:&%)'()&'9/61-D)".(.")&'?)0+'4%/5>"5(,,)%/5&>"&01/)'/,17&" ,-0(,&&%1/"13",.1)%1/&>"6'+?&>"&)'5,8"3%5$)&"87(%/5"6'+?&>"3'(,6,++&>"2')$%/5" )15,)$,(>"3,,8%/5>"07))%/5")1"&+,,0>"6'?%/5"70>"%/87+5,/)"(,0(1'*$>"5%:%/5" .,8%*%/,&>"8,*%8%/5"1/")$,"31(."13"%/),('*)%1/Gh/,51)%')%1/&h"<6$,)$,("6$')"6," '(,"81%/5"%&"'"5(,,)%/5"1("3'(,6,++=9"jIEk

**M8)N3*=&'(**

L+'4%/5"&,,.&")1"2,"'"0'()%*7+'(+4"%.01()'/)"31(."13"%/),('*)%1/"'/8"13"'&&1*%')%1/" ')")$,"&'.,")%.,>"1**7((%/5"%/"17("(,+')%1/&"6%)$"'/%.'+&9K_{"Q$%+,"12&,(:%/5")$,"} 2,$':%17("13"'/%.'+&"%/"%/),('*)%1/&"6%)$"$7.'/&"1/")$,":%8,1"(,*1(8%/5&"'/8" *'++%/5")$,."h0+'4%/5h"$16"81"6,"?/16")$')"6$')")$,"'/%.'+&"'(,"'*)7'++4"81%/5"%&" 0+'4%/5l"Q$%+,"%/),(0(,)%/5"$7.'/"'*)%1/&>"6,".'4"0(1:%8,"*1/*+7&%1/&"2'&,8"1/" )$,%("(,&01/&,&>"3'*,",-0(,&&%1/>"&$17)&",)*9"#$175$"$16".'4"6,"2,"*,()'%/")$')" )$,"815&"'(,"0+'4%/5"%3")$,4"'(,"/1)"'//17/*%/5"%)")1"7&":,(2'++4"7&%/5"+%/57%&)%*" &4.21+&l"B)"%&")$,"&4.21+&"<+%/57%&)%*"'/8"/1/c:,(2'+="7&,8"24"1)$,("0,(&1/&")$')" .')),("'/8".'4"&$16"'"0'()%*7+'("%/),/)%1/9"#$,"%/),/)%1/"7&,8"24")$,"0'()%*%0'/)" 13"'"5'.,"7/8,(51,&"'/"h%/),(0(,)')%1/h"1(")$,"'8'0)')%1/"13")$,"1)$,("0'()%*%0'/)9" K B/"17("(,&,'(*$"1/")$,"(,+')%1/&"2,)6,,/"81.,&)%*"'/%.'+&"'/8"0,10+,"%/")$,"(,5%1/"13"\q8r" <CaaCcCaaE=>"MEs"13"(,&01/8,/)&"*+'%.,8")$')")$,"h'/%.'+"%&"0+'4%/5"6%)$"7&h9"B)"%&")$,".1&)" *1..1/"*'),51(4"13"2,$':%17("13"'/%.'+&"'00,'(%/5"%/")$,",-'.%/,8"$17&,$1+8&"<[;ZRT[B>" CaaJ'>"09CAA=9"#$,"&%.%+'("&%)7')%1/"13"'"*1/&%8,('2+,"%/),/&%)4"13"0+'4%/5"%/")$,"%/),('*)%1/&"6%)$" 81.,&)%*"'/%.'+&"<815&="1**7(&"%/"1)$,("*17/)(%,&>"'(17/8"eJs"13"815"16/,(&"%/")$,"^NF"*+'%." )$')")$,4"13),/"0+'4"6%)$")$,%("815&"<&,,"O;;VR>"CaaM>"09Ae=9

(15)

F"0,(&1/"0+'4%/5"6%)$"'/"'/%.'+"8,3%/,8"<24"$%.b$,(&,+3"'/8")$,"12&,(:,(="'&")$," h0'()%*%0'/)"13")$,"0+'4h>"'//17/*,&")1"7&>")$')")$,"'/%.'+"%&"0+'4%/5"'&"6,++>" 2,*'7&,"24"0'()%*%0')%/5"%/"*,()'%/"'*)%:%)%,&"%)"&721(8%/'),&")1")$,"(7+,&"13")$," &,@7,/*,"13"(,'*)%1/&>"(,0,)%)%1/&"13")$,",-*$'/5,&"13"5,&)7(,&"'/8"&$16&"&%5/&"13" *$,,(37+/,&&"*$'('*),(%&)%*"31("&)'),"13"0+'4%/5"<HF#RN;Z>"AeMCbCaaa>"09AMe=9"jIIk #$,/"6$')"%&"0+'4%/5l"W16"81,&"1/,"'//17/*,")$,"%/),/)%1/")1"0+'4l"H5,$1-D)1%) &6.)&",-%('"+,&1'-)'()&6.)+.,-1-D)'()/."&,1-)%$+@'5%B)6$%*$".'4"$':,"'/" '+),(/')%:,"8%(,*)".,'/%/5>"27)"6$,/"0+'*,8"%/"'"0'()%*7+'("*1/),-)"'/8"&4&),."13" &4.21+&")$,4"*$'/5,")$,%(".,'/%/59"O(,51(4"HF#RN;Z"8,&*(%2,&"1/,"13"$%&" ,-0,(%,/*,&"3(1."'"]11!" hB"&'6")61"417/5".1/?,4&"75,$1-D"%9,9",/5'5,8"%/"'/"%/),('*)%:,"&,@7,/*,"13"6$%*$" )$,"7/%)"'*)%1/&"1("&%5/'+&"6,(,"&%.%+'(")1"27)"/1)")$,"&'.,"'&")$1&,"13"*1.2')9"B)"6'&" ,:%8,/)>",:,/")1")$,"$7.'/"12&,(:,(>")$')")$,"&,@7,/*,"'&"'"6$1+,"6'&"/1)"*1.2')>" '/8",:%8,/)")1")$,"$7.'/"12&,(:,(")$')")1")$,"0'()%*%0'/)".1/?,4&")$%&"6'&"/1)" *1.2')h"<HF#RN;Z>"Caaa>"09AMe>"&,,"'+&1"009ASa>"ASC=9"jIJk #$,(,"%&"&1.,"8,5(,,"13".,)'c*1..7/%*')%1/"6$%*$"*'((4")$,".,'/%/5"h)$%&"%&" 0+'4h9"B3"6,>"0,10+,>"?/16")$')")$,"5'.,"*1/&%&)&"13",959"h0(,),/8%/5h")$')"6,"'(," 0,(31(.%/5"'"8%33,(,/)"h&,@7,/*,"13"'*)%1/&h"<6%)$"'"8%33,(,/)".,'/%/5=")$'/"%&" %/8%*'),8"24")$,"8%(,*)"&%5/"3(1."'":%&7'+"'/8"12&,(:,8"h2,$':%17(h>")$,/"6,"*'/" '00+4")$,"(7+,"13"h)('/&31(.')%1/"13".,'/%/5h")1"7/8,(&)'/8%/5"&%)7')%1/&"13" '/%.'+"(,'*)%1/&9"#$,"(7+,"13"h)('/&31(.')%1/"13".,'/%/5h"&,,.&"7/%:,(&'+9"#$," )('/&31(.')%1/"13".,'/%/5"13"(,'*)%1/&"%/"&%)7')%1/"13"0+'4%/5"13"'/%.'+&"%&"81/," 24".,'/&"13"/1/c:,(2'+"*1..7/%*')%1/9"F/%.'+&"'(,"'2+,")1")('/&31(.")$," .,'/%/5"24"h0(,),/8%/5"5,&)7(,&>"6$%*$>"%/"3'*)>"'(,"/1)"6$')")$,4".'4"+11?"+%?,h" ,959"&,%]%/5"6%)$"),,)$>"2%)%/5")1"8,')$>"0%,(*%/5")$,"'(),(4>"),'(%/5"3+,&$"%&"/1)"(,'+>" %)"%&")$,"&%.7+')%1/"13"'"5,/7%/,"3%5$)"<%)"'+&1"%/*+78,&"&%.7+')%/5",.1)%1/&>",959" '55(,&&%1/=9"#$,(,"'(,"'+&1"5,&)7(,&"13"*$,,(37+/,&&>",/*17('5,.,/)",959" &?%00%/5>"g7.0%/5>"+%*?%/5>"&72.%&&%:,"+4%/5"1/")$,"2'*?"<&72.%&&%1/=>"2%)%/5>" 07&$%/5>",&*'0%/5>",)*9"<&,,"L$1)1"J"'/8"'88%)%1/'++4"'":%8,1"*+%0>"&$16%/5"'" &%.%+'("0$,/1.,/1/!"$))0!bb6669417)72,9*1.b6')*$l :tMSWSOC60YZSm3,')7(,t(,+'),8"jF757&)"CC>"CaaSk=9"

(16)

L$1)1"J!"N)%++"3(1.")$,":%8,1"hV15&"0+'4%/5>"%/),/)%1/'+%)4G,-*$'/5,"13"5,&)7(,&h"<)$," 0%*)7(,"&$16&"h0%,(*%/5")$,"'(),(4h"+%?,"2,$':%17(="jIKk #$,"'00(,$,/&%1/"13".,'/%/5&"%&"01&&%2+,>"2,*'7&,"'++"0'()%*%0'/)&"13")$,"5'.," 7&,"5,&)7(,&"6$%+,"0+'4%/5>"'/8"%)"%&")$,"2184")$')"8%(,*)+4"&$16&>")$(175$" 5,&)7(,&"'/8")17*$%/5>")$')")$,"%.I9.-/.)'()D.%&9".%"%&"%/8,,8"'"5'.,9"jIMk Q$%+,"0+'4%/5")$,"h,-*$'/5,"13"5,&)7(,&h"%&"%.01()'/)>"6$%*$"7&7'++4"$'00,/&"24" .,'/&"13")17*$%/59M_{"F/%.'+&"&7&)'%/")$,"8,3%/%)%1/"13")$,"&%)7')%1/"24",%)$,("} 07&$%/5>"&72.%))%/5>"'++16%/5"2%)%/5"'/8")$,/"%/"'"&,*1/8>"/1)"'++16%/5"2%)%/5>" )7(/%/5"&%8,")16'(8&")$,"1)$,(>"'/8")$,/"+11?%/5"')",'*$"1)$,("1("+4%/5"1/")$,%(" 2'*?9";/,c&%8,8/,&&"13"2,$':%17("'/8"'"+'*?"13"(,&01/&,"'/8"(,'*)%1/"13")$," 1)$,("0'()4"<%5/1(%/5="*1((70)&")$,"01&&%2%+%)4"13"&7&)'%/%/5")$,"8,3%/%)%1/9"B/"1(8,(" )1"*1.0+,),")$,"5'.,")$,(,"$'&")1"1**7("'"*1/:,(&')%1/"13"5,&)7(,&"%/")$,"31(."13" h)7(/")'?%/5h>"6$,(,")$,(,".%5$)"'00,'("h'8g'*,/*4"0'%(&h9S_{"B/")$,"'21:,"'/%.'+"} 0+'4"<&,,"&)%++"3(1.")$,":%8,1=>"6$,/"')"'"*,()'%/"01%/)"1/,"13")$,"815&"%5/1(,8")$," %/%)%')%:,"31("0+'4%/5"*1.%/5"3(1.")$,"1)$,("815"<)'?%/5"'6'4")$,"&)%*?=>")$," ,-*$'/5,"13"5,&)7(,&"8%8"/1)"1**7("'/8"%)"6'&"%.01&&%2+,")1"12&,(:,")$,"5'.,"%/" )$,"31(."13"'"g1%/)"'*)%:%)49"B)"6'&"/1)"7/)%+")$,"1)$,("815"(,0+%,8"24"2%)%/5>"3(,@7,/)" )7(/%/5"'6'4"3(1.")$,"3%(&)"815")$')"%)"'++16,8")$,"815"%/%)%')%/5")$,"5'.,")1" *1/)%/7,"0+'4%/59"#$,"0+'4"6'&"%/")$,"31(."13"'"&)'5,8"3%5$)>"%/"6$%*$"6,"*17+8" 12&,(:,"h0%,(*%/5")$,"'(),(4h>"h),'(%/5"13"3+,&$h>"07&$%/5"6%)$"+,5&"%/%)%')%/5")$," 815"0+'4>",&*'0%/5"'/8"*$'&%/5>"07&$%/5"'6'4"'/8"&$1:%/5"6%)$")$,"21849" B5/1(%/5"*,'&,&")$,"0+'4%/5"1/"'/"%/),('*)%1/'+"+,:,+>"2,*'7&,")$,(,"%&"/1" ,-*$'/5,"13"5,&)7(,&>"6$%*$".')*$,8")$,")61"0'()%,&"%/"hg1%/)"'*)%:%)4h>"%/"6$%*$" )$,"*110,(')%1/"13"')"+,'&)")61"%/8%:%87'+&"%&",&&,/)%'+9"jISk M R-*$'/5,"13"5,&)7(,&"(,&,.2+,&"6$')")$,"'/'+4&)&"13"*1/:,(&')%1/"*'++"h)7(/")'?%/5h"<UFZTRQc NB[;UF>"CaaM>"009IEcIKf"NB\dRUDFZ>"CaaM>"CaaAf"\F^UBRU>"DFXR"m"\^ZVBZ"CaaK>"09AA=9 S hF8g'*,/*4"0'%(h"%&"'"*1/*,0)"8,:,+10,8"24"'/'+4&)&"13"*1/:,(&')%1/>",959"@7,&)%1/G'/&6,(>" 5(,,)%/5"c"5(,,)%/5>"&7..1/&G'/&6,(>"*1.0+%.,/)G8,/%'+>"'**7&')%1/G8,34%/5"13" '**7&')%1/>"(,@7,&)G37+3%+.,/)"1("(,37&'+>"3'(,6,++G3'(,6,++>"%/:%)')%1/G'**,0)'/*,"1("(,37&'+" 13"%/:%)')%1/>"*1..'/8G*'((4%/5"17)"'"*1..'/8"1("(,37&'+"<NB\dRUDFZ>"CaaM>"009KKcKSf" UFZTRQcNB[;UF>"CaaM>"099IE>"IMcIS=9

Touching and Gesture Exchange as an Element of Emotional Bond Construction. Application of Visual Sociology in the Research on Interaction between Humans and Animals

!"#$%&'()*'+),-./#0-)12$%*'(-)*.)*')13-4-'/)"5)14"/&"'*3)6"'+)

7"'./0#$/&"'8)9::3&$*/&"')"5);&.#*3)<"$&"3"(=)&')/%-)>-.-*0$%)"')

?'/-0*$/&"')@-/A--')B#4*'.)*'+)9'&4*3.