P A P Y R I A N D P A R C H M E N T S F R O M T H E E A S T E R N PROVINCES OF T H E ROMAN EMPIRE OUTSIDE EGYPT
Papyri and parchments have also been found provenient from eastern provinces of the Roman empire outside Egypt, but papy-rologists dealt with them only incidentally. I think therefore that it would be of advantage to make up a list of all these docu-ments, frequently published in hardly accessible publications and I hope that such a list will be highly welcomed by fellow-papy-rologists.1
I. P a p y r i f r o m S y r i a . 1. P. E. R. No 24.552.
ed. L i e b e s n y , Aegyptus X V I (1936), 256 f f ; 289 ff ; S. R. 8008 (262/1 or 261/0 R.C.).
Lit. W i l c k e n , Arch. f. Pap. X I I 221; W e n g e r , Arch. f. Pap. X I H 297; W e s t e r m a n n , Enslaved persons who are free in Amer. Journ. of Phil. L I X (1938) 1 - 3 0 ; W e n g e r , Arch. f. Pap. X I V 184 f f ; T a u b e n s c h l a g , The Law of Greco-Roman Egypt I 404 f f ; B i e ż u ń s k a — M a l o w i s t , Przegl. hist. X X X V I I (1948) 110 ff.
The papyrus contains two προστάγματα of Philadelphus ; the first one refers to άπογραφαί of υποτελής and ατελής λεία; the latter to a royal decree which orders that the inhabitants of Syria-Phoenicia who acquired a native free person (σώμα λαι-7.0ν έλεύθ-ερον) or took possession of her in another way, have under penalty to produce her to the οικονόμος within 20 days since the publication of this decree. Those who
de-1 W e did not include in this list documents found in the West, especially
A r a n g i o - R u i z Fontes No 137, 139, 140, 141 150 and Wess. Stud. X I V p. 4 (504 A. D.); the same holds of non legal documents: P. Bouriant No 25 (cf. W i l c k e n , Arch. f . Pap. V I I I 308) a letter from Apamca (Syria or Asia Minor) Class. Phil. X X I I (1927), 237 ff (cf. W i l c k e n , Arch. f . Pap. I X 85) a letter from Ostia; W . Chr. 480 a letter from Misenum; W . Chr. 445 a letter from Rome; Dura No 75 (240 A. D.) cf. W e l l e s , Münch. Beitr. X I X 398; Excav. VI seas. p. 438 also a private letter.
50 JOURNAL OF PAPYROLOGY
monstrated that they have acquired the produced person as a house-slave ('όντα οίκετικά) are entitled to take her home ; as far other persons are concerned, they seem to be set in li-berty except such ones who were bought at royal auctions. The decree forbids for the future to buy or sell, or to give or take in pledge native free persons.
2. B.G.U. 895 (cf. B.G.U. I l l p. 8 (138 - 161 A.D.). Lit. K r e l l e r , Erbrechtliche Untersuchungen 274 ff.
This papyrus refers to a will which changes or repeals a for-mer will. The will seems to contain dispositions of a woman in favour of her daughters.
3. Lond. II 229 (166 A.D.).
ed. A r a n g i o - R u i z , Fontes iuris romani anteiustiniani (1943) No 132.
Lit. A r a n g i o - R u i z , 1. c.; it may be added to the literature quoted there: W i l c k e n Atti Firenze 109; M o n t e v e c c l i i Aegyptus X I X (1939) 16.
A deed of sale whereby C. Fabullius Macer, optio of the tri-reme Tigris in the Misenian fleet, purchases a boy named Al-bus or Eutyches, natione Transfluminianus, aged seven years from C. Julius Priscus, a soldier of the same vessel, for 2000 denarii. C. Julius Antiochus, manipularis at the trireme Virtus is named, as fideiussor. It is remarkable that the deed follows entirely Roman principles.
II. P a p y r i f r o m P a l e s t i n e " . 1. Edg. Zen. 4 (259/8 B.C.).
S.B. 6710.
Lit. Weng-er, Krit. Vjschr. (3 Folge) X X 9 ff.
This letter deals with a violent frustration of an execution by a native debtor named Jeddu. The addressee was advised to take pledges (ενέχυρα) from the debtor and hand them over to the creditor.
2 See on the papyri from Palestine, J. O f f o r d , Newly published Palestinian papyri in Quart. Statem. Pap. Expl. Fund. LI (1919) 184 f f ; A b e l , Revue Bib-lique X X X I I (1923) 409; K r a e m e r , The Colt Papyri from Palestine (Congr. Oxford 238); M a y e r , Arabic papyri from Palestine, ibid. X V I I I ; T s c h e r i -k o w e r , Tarbin 4 No 4 (in Hebrew).
PAPYRI FROM EASTERN PROVINCES 51
2. P.S.I. 1026 (150 A.D.).
Lit. W i l c k e n , Arch. f. Pap. I X 80; D e g r a s s i , Aegyptus X 242; W . S es t o n , Les vétérans sans diplômes des légions Romaines (Rev. de Philol. 3 série YII (1933) 375); W i l c k e n ,
Atti Firenze (1935) 109; A r a n g i o - R u i z , Chirografi di sol-dáti (Studi in onore di Sirn Solazzi), 260з4.
This is an attested copy of a libellus which 22 discharged soldiers of the X legio Fretensis in the year 150 A . D . sub-mitted to the legatus Augusti pro praetore of the province Syria Palaestina, Villius Kadus, endorsed with the subscrip-tio of the legatus. The petisubscrip-tioners are veterans of the X Fretensis legio who in that time stationed in Jerusalem. They did originally military service in the classis praetoria Mi-senensis and were ex indulgentia divi Hadriani in the years 125 — 126 promoted to the legio Fretensis. They request the legatus — as they are going to return in patriam Alexandri-nam ad Aegyptum to attest : a te missos esse, ut ex adfirma-tione tua appareat nos ex eadem legione missos esse, non ex classe, in order that his subscriptio may serve them instru-ment causa. The subscriptio reads : Veteráni ex legionibus in-strumentum accipere non soient. Attamen sacramento eos a me iussu imperatoris n(ostri) solutos notum fieri praefecto Aegypti desideramus. Sportulam et instrumentum dabo.
3. Mich. lat. VII 442 (II cent. A.D.).
ed. A r a n g i o - R u i z Fontes No 20 vide infra p. 163 f. A document dealing with a dowry.
4. Mich. lat. YII 445 (188 A.D.).
Lit. A r a n g i o - R u i z , Chirografi di soldáti 261. A soldiers chirograph in Roman type. 5. Mich. I l l 161 = Mich. lat. 4301.
ed. Α . H . S a n d e r s , Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome vol. I X (1931) 81.
Lit. W i l c k e n , Arch. f. Pap. X 278; Atti Firenze 110 note; A r a n g i o - R u i z , Chir. di sold. 261.
This is a small fragment of a latin chirograph, whose form corresponds to the chirographs compiled by B r u n s , Fontes7 p. 356 ff.
6. B.G.U. 316 (359 A.D.).
ed. A r a n g i o - R u i z 1. с. No 315. Lit. A r a n g i o - R u i z 1. с.
2 J O U R N A L OF P A P Y R O L O G Y
Deed of a sale w h e r e b y F l a v i u s V i t a l i a n u s , biarchus vexil-lationis equitum cataphractariorum, p u r c h a s e s a b o y n a m e d A r g u t e s , natione Galium f r o m Fl. A g e m u n d u s for 22 denarii. T h e deed follows R o m a n principles e x c e p t t h e provision con-cerning t h e execution on all p r o p e r t i e s , h y p o t h e c a t e d t o t h e creditor.
7. S.B. 7011 — 7012 (VI c e n t . A.D.).
ed. S c h u b a r t , Wiss. Veröff. d. deutsch-türkischen Denkmal-schutzkommission H e f t I, Sinai (1920) 110.
F r a g m e n t s of h y p o t h e c a r y deeds.
8. P . N e s s a n a , i n v . 13.306 (Colt-papyri) ( p r o b a b l y 687 A. D.). ed. S c h w a b e , Writ of manumission among papyri of Anja-El-Hafinin Southern Palestine in Magnes Anniversary Book (1938), J e r u s a l e m , H e b r e w U n i v e r s i t y Press.
Lit. W e s t e r m a n n , Journal of Juristic Papyrology I I 4 7 ; F a l e n c i a k , i b i d e m 75 ff.
T h e p a p y r u s concerns a release f r o m παραμονή. While W e s t e r m a n n sees in this p a p y r u s a general service c o n t r a c t , F a l e n c i a k u n d e r s t a n d s it as an a n t i c h r e t i c παραμονή.
9. P . N e s s a n a I n v . No 14 (689 A.D.).
ed. K r a e m e r - L e w i s , Divorce Agreement from Southern Pa-lestine (Transact. Am. Philos. Ass. L X I X (1938) 117 ff.)
Lit. S t e i n w e n t e r , Eine Ehescheidung aus dem Jahre 689 A. D. (Sav. Ζ. L X I I I (rom. Abt.) 415 f f ) ; W i l c k e n , Arch, f . Pap. X I V 179; A. C h r i s t o p h i l o p o u l o s , Sav. Z. L X V
(1947) 352 ff.
As a c o n t r a c t or a g r e e m e n t of divorce, t h i s p a p y r u s has no e x a c t parallel. I t a d h e r s — as t h e e d i t o r s s a y — in some respect t o a n d d i v a g a t e s in other respect f r o m R o m a n prac-tice a n d implies n o t only in l a n g u a g e b u t in f o r m f a m i l i a r i t y w i t h Semitic usage. S t e i n w e n t e r , h o w e v e r , refers t h i s agree-m e n t t o a divortiuagree-m in ecclesia agree-modelled a f t e r t h e agree-manuagree-missio in ecclesia; on C h r i s t o p h i l o p o u l o s ' s opinion see below p . 164. 0. Έντάγια f r o m t h e y e a r s 674—672 A . D . (Nessana Colt. E x p . ) ,
ed. H . J . B e l l , The Arabic bilingual Entagion (Proceedings of the American Philos. Society vol. L X X X I X No 3 (1945) p. 5 3 1 - 5 4 2 ) .
This article c o n t a i n s 7 entagia. Entagion is t h e r e an order for t h e p a y m e n t of t a x e s , t h e delivery of supplies, or t h e execution of w o r k , addressed t o t h e people of a village or
P A P Y R I FROM E A S T E R N P R O V I N C E S 53
o t h e r locality a n d enclosed w i t h t h e G o v e r n o r ' s l e t t e r (to t h e p a g a r c h ) in which t h e service was o r d e r e d . T h e orders of t h e individual t a x p a y e r were issued b y t h e p a g a r c h .
I I I . T h e L a n d o f A m m o n (Birta). Cair. Zen. I 59.003 = S.B. 6709 (259 B.C.).
L i t . M o n t e v e c c h i , Aegyptus X I X 16 f f ; W i l c k e n , Arch, f . Pap. V I 4 4 9 ; A b e l . Rev. Bibl. X X X I I I (1924) 566 - 5 7 4 ;
D e i s s m a n n , Byz. Neugr. Jhb. I I (1921) 2 7 5 ; H . G r e s s -in a n , Die ammonitischen Tobiaden (S. B. d. preuss. Ak. 1921 633 f f ) (3 F o l g e ) ; T a u b e n s c h l a g , Actes Oxford 4 8 2 ; W e n -g e r , Krit. Vjschr. X X 9.
A c o n t r a c t of sale d e f i n e d as a real c o n t r a c t like in t h e an-cient city-laws (Tenos, Amorgos, Delphi) w h e r e b y Zenon b u y s a f e m a l e slave n a m e d Σφραγίς f r o m a soldier, των Τουβίου ιππέων κληροϋχος.
I V . M y r a i n L y c i a . B.G.U. 913 (206 A.D.).
Lit. M i t t e i s , Grundz. 193; T a u b e n s c h l a g , Studi Bonfante I 396i25; A r a n g i o - R u i z , 1. c. 428.
A deed of sale w h e r e b y Gemella p u r c h a s e s κατά [τους πίρΐ άλλοτ]ριώσεων σωαάτων κα[1] διαστάλμ,ατα a slave f r o m a c e r t a i n Simon in a m a n n e r which r e m i n d s r a t h e r local t h a n R o m a n law. Y. S i d e i n P a m p h y l i a . B.G.U. 887 (151 A.D.). ed. A r a n g i o - R u i z 1. c. No 133. Lit. A r a n g i o - R u i z . 1. c., M o n t e v e c c h i , Aegyptus X I X 16. A deed of sale w h e r e b y A r t e m i d o r o s , a n A l e x a n d r i a n , b u y s f r o m Lucius J u l i u s P r o t o k t e t o s a f e m a l e slave for 350 denarii. T h e provisions are so completely R o m a n ut — as A r a n -g i o - R u i z p o i n t s out—testationis cuiusdam vel Daciae vel Her-culanensis Graecam interpreiationem prae oculis habere credas.
V I . M a r m a r i c a - C y r e n a i c a . 1. P . M a r m a r i c a ( I I cent. A.D.)
ed. M . N o r s a e G . V i t e l l i , Registri fondiari della Marma-rica. Il papiro Vaticano greco II; Studi e testi 53, Città del V a t i c a n o , Biblioteca apostolica Y a t i c a n a 1931.
54
JOURNAL OF PAPYROLOGYLit. W i l c k e n , Arch. f . Pap. X 94 ff; L a P i r a , Bull. ist.
d. dir. rom. XXXIX (1931) 1 ff; XLI (1933) 103; Studi
Al-bertoni I 445 ff ; Z u l u e t a , J. E.A. XVIII 93; T a u b e n s c h l a g ,
The Law of Gr. Rom. Eg. I 3 6 2289 ; З8З26-29.
This papyrus contains : a) a land register probably with the
aim to establish the πρόσοδοι of different properties for
trans-ferring them to a higher category of taxes, b) a record of
pro-ceedings before the strategus, some of them terminated by his
υπογραφή, other ones submitted by him to the prefect.
2. Wess. X X 45 = Führer 259 (237 A.D.).
Lit. W i l c k e n , Arch. f . Pap. VII 102; T a u b e n s c h l a g ,
Law I 2607.
A deed of deposit of money which in no way differs from
analogous deeds in Egypt. Even the famous 6 των παραθην.ών
νόμ,ος is found there.
3. Ross. Georg. III 27 (III cent. A.D.) (cf. Lugd. Bat. II 7
(225 A.D.).
In this papyrus a δίπλωμα Έλληνικόν is mentioned which
was drawn up in the province Cyrenaica, in Pentapolis.
VII. P o m p e i o p o l i s in P a p h l a g o n i a ( A s i a M i n o r ) .
Mich. Inv. 5474 (207 A.D.) = S.B. 7563.
ed. Ε. H . H u s s e l m a n n , Arch. f . Pap. XI 110 ff.
Lit. A r a n g i o - R u i z 1. c. 428; M o n t e v e c c h i , Aegyptus
XIX 16.
A fragment of a document. The complete document was
probably originally a petition, to which was appended the
copy of a contract for the sale of a slave.
VIII. A v r o m a n i n P e r s i a n K u r d i s t a n .
1. P. Avroman No 1 (88 B.C.).
Ed. M i n n s , Parchments of the Parthian Period from Avroman
in Kurdistan in Journ. Hell. Stud. X X X V (1915) 22 ff; P.
M e y e r , Jur. Pap. No 36.
Lit: M i t t e i s , Sav. Z. X X X V I 425 ff; B e l l , J. E. A. I l l
135; T a u b e n s c h l a g , Das römische Privatrecht z. Zeit
Dio-kletians 236; W i l c k e n , Arch. f . Pap. VI 369 ff.
A deed of sale of a vineyard inherited by two brothers to
a certain Γαθάν.ης for a price of 40 silver drachmas. It is
re-PAPYRI FROM EASTERN PROVINCES
55
markable that this vineyard belonged to a rural community
whose soil was not yet broken up in separated parcels.
2. P. Avroman No 2 (22 - 21 B. C.).
Ed. M i n n s 1. c.
Lit. Mitteis, Sav. Z. X X X V I 428/9; R o s t o v t z e f f - W e l l e s , .
Yale Cl. Stud. II 33, 48; T a u b e n s c h l a g , Ree. d. Soc. Jean
Bodin III 62s; W e n g e r , Arch. f . Pap. Χ 127 ff.
This is a deed of a long-lease of an άμπελος έν ψειλοφύτωι
The lessee pays rents, secured by a βεβαιωτής and in
addi-tion a price of 55 dr.
3. P. Avroman No 3 (in Pahlavi-language) (52/3 A. D.).
ed. H. S. N y b e r g , Le Monde oriental XVII (1923) 1 8 2 - 2 0 9 .
Lit. Ε. H. M i n n s , Journ. Hell. Stud. X X X V (1915) 6 3 - 6 5 ;
A. C o w l e y , Journ. Royal Asiatic Society (1919) 147—154;
J . M. U n v a l a , Bull. School of Orient. Stud. London Inst. I 4
(1920) 135—144; A. R . B e l l i n g e r - C . B . W e l l e s , Yale Class.
Stud. V 118 ff.
This is a deed of sale whereby Pataspah sells a vineyard
to Avil. The only provision the document contains other
than the statement of the sale and of the price is the
„trans-fer of ownership" ( κυριεία - clause).
IX. S u s a (Σελευκία ή προς τώι Εολαίωι).
1. ed: F . C u m o n t , С. R. de VAcad. des Inscr. 1931 pp 279 ff
No 1.
Lit. С. B . W e l l e s , Sav. Z. LVI ЮЗз.
A deed of manumission, in the form of a protocol from
182 B.C. with the following prescript: Ηασιλεύοντος Σελεόκοο
έτους λρ' μ[η]νο[ς] Δαισίου εν Σελευκείαι [τ]ηι προς τώι Εόλαίωι.
2. ed. F . C u m o n t , Mémoires de la mission archéologique de
Perse X X (1928) p. 84 ff ; ' K o s c h a k e r , Über einige griech.
Rechtsurkunden aus den Randgebieten des Hellenismus (Abh.
phil. hist. kl. d. sächs. Ak. d. Wiss. XLII (1931) 68 ff).
Lit. K o s c h a k e r , Sav. Z. LI (1931) 429/30; Über einige
griech. Rechtsurk. 68 ff.
A deed of manumission from Susa in the form of a sale to
God from 175 - 164 B.C.
56 J O U R N A L OF P A P Y R O L O G Y
X . D u r a i n M e s o p o t a m i a . 1. P . D u r a (195 B.C.).3
ed. F . C u m o n t , Le plus ancient parchemin grec (Rev. de Philologie X L V I I I (1924) 98 ff.
Lit. F . C u m o n t 1. c. 98—111.
A f r a g m e n t of an αναγραφή containing a s u m m a r y of two sales ; one of t h e m is a ΐτρασις έ~ί λύσει a n d concerns a par-cel of land sold [συν] άκροδρύοις και έποικίωι καΐ ζαραδείσοις ; t h e other a sale beginning w i t h t h e p h r a s e : εζρίατο4. 2. P . D u r a No 5.
ed. H a u s s o u l l i e r , Une loi grecque inédite sur les successions ab intestat (Rev. hist, de droit français et étranger (1923) 515 — 553; cf. C u m o n t , Fouilles de Doura Europos (1926) 310). Lit. K o s c h a k e r , Sav. Z. X L V I (1926) 2 9 7 ; M a r i d a k i s , Byz. Jhb. Y (1927) 4 4 4 ; K o s c h a k e r Orient Lit. Zeit. 33 (1930) 165; Sav. Z. LI (1931) 4 2 7 ; Über einige griechische Recht surkunden aus den östl. Randgebieten des Hellenismus (Abh. phil. hist. kl. d. Sachs. Akad. d. Wiss. X L I I (1931) 1 f f ; P a p p u l i a s , Συμβολή εις τήν ιστορίαν της εξ αδιαθέτου κληρονο-μικής διαδοχής έν τφ Έλληνικφ δικαίψ, 'Ακαδημία 'Αθηνών I V (1929) 4 1 8 ; W e n g e r , Arch. f . Pap. I X (1930) 196; Χ (1932) 130; U x k u l l - G y l l e n b a n d , Gnom. d. Idios Logos 17/18; m y Laiv I 140.
T h e p a p y r u s contains a law of t h e legal order of succes-sion on i n t e s t a c y f o u n d e d on a system of p a r e n t a g e based on classes. T h e r e are some restrictions in t h e line of t h e κατά νόμους κληρονόμοι, in t h e absence of w h o m t h e fiscus gets t h e inheritance.
3. P . D u r a 40 (86/7 A.D.).
ed. The Excavations at Dura Europos, Preliminary Report of the Seventh and Eighth Seasons of work ed. b y R o s t o v t z e f f , F . E . B r o w n a n d C. B . W e l l e s , (1939) p . 427 ff.
Lit. T a u b e n s c h l a g , Journal of Juristic Papyrology I 117. This p a r c h m e n t , a trimartyros syngraphe is a διαίρεσις and contains t h e same provisions and reflects t h e same legal
re-3 Cf. P. D u r a 2, a fragment of εφίμ,ενα, see F. C u m o n t , Fouilles de
Doura-Europos (1926) 296 — 3 0 4 ; J. Johnson, Dura Studies (1932) pp 3 5 - 4 7 ; C. B. W e l l e s , Sat;. Z. LVI (1939) 99.,.
P A P Y R I FROM EASTERN P R O V I N C E S 57
q u i r e m e n t s as t h e Greco-Egyptian διαιρέσεις. Like t h e Egyp-t i a n διαίρεσις, iEgyp-t consisEgyp-ts of an idenEgyp-tificaEgyp-tion of Egyp-t h e conEgyp-tr- contr-acting parties, a s t a t e m e n t of the p r o p e r t y to be divided, a list of t h e portions of each heir d r a w n b y lot, certain con-ditions applicable t o all, and a t t h e end a s t a t e m e n t of title and t h e penalties for breach of c o n t r a c t . The t e x t differs only in m a t t e r s affected b y local practice, as far its form is concerned.
4. P . D u r a 21 (87 A. D.).
ed. W e l l e s , Sav. Z. L Y I (1936), 99 ff.
Lit. W e l l e s , Münch. Beitr. z. Papyrologie и. antiken Rechts-geschichte X I X (1934) 395 f f ; i d e m , Exc. at Dura Europos, Report of sixth season (1936), 419—424, S c h ö n b a u e r , Arch, f . Pap. X I I 194 ff.
T h e p a r c h m e n t contains a δόσις των όπαρχόντων (κατά τα περί των δόσεων οεδογίλατισι^ένα) whereby Nicanor declares t h a t he grants to Timonassa, who is now his mother-in-law all his properties except t h r e e slaves, which properties Timonassa h a d ceded him a t one t i m e in connection with a hypothec a n d ανανέωσις.
5. P. D u r a 10 (121 A. D.).
ed. R o s t o v t z e f f - W e l l e s , Comptes rendus Ac. d. inscr. 1930, p. 158, Yale Classical Studies I I (1931) 1 ff.
Lit. R o s t o v t z e f f - W e l l e s 1. c . ; K o s c h a k e r , Abh. Sachs. Ak. X L I I 1 (1931) 6 5 - 6 8 ; Sav. Z. L I (1931) 428 f f ; Chronique d'Egypte No 13/14 (1932) p . 2 0 6 ; E . B i c k e r m a n n , Gnomon V I I I (1932) 572 f f ; S a n - N i c o l ó , O. L. Z. 1931 1015, Sav. Z. L I I (1932) 4 6 0 ; W e n g e r , Arch. f . Pap. X (1932) p .
133; 2 8 9 ; S c h ö n b a u e r , Arch. f . Pap. X (1932) 185 f f ; L I I I (1933) 422 f f ; Z u l u e t a , Law Quarterly Review No 190 (1932) 276 f f ; C. B . W e l l e s , Exc. at Dura Europos, Rep. of sixth season (1936) 4 2 1 ; T a u b e n s c h l a g , Law I 201.
A c o n t r a c t of loan whereby P h r a a t e s loans to Barlaas in t h e village Paliga 400 d r a c h m a s , on t h e security of his pro-p e r t y a n d instead of interest on t h e above m o n e y , Barlaas staying w i t h P h r a a t e s until t h e t i m e of r e p a y m e n t will per-f o r m t o him t h e services oper-f a slave doing everything which is ordered t o him (παραμονή). Barlaas has agreed t o „ r e n e w " (άνανέωσις) this c o n t r a c t through t h e registry office in E u
-58 JOURNAL OF PAPYROLOGY
ropos whenever he m a y receive notice t o do so f r o m P h r a -ates u n d e r p e n a l t y .
6. P . Djira 32 (131 A . D . ) .
ed. B . C . W e l l e s , Excav. at Dura Europos, Report of sixth season p . 425.
Lit. B . C . W e l l e s , Münch. Beitr. z. Pap. u. ant. Rg. X I X 396 No 2.
A loan f r o m Lysias to A t h t h a e u s of 100 d r a c h m a e on t h e security of all his p r o p e r t y which remains in his possession and instead of t h e interest on t h e loan A t h t h a e u s will con-t i n u e con-t o deliver con-t o Lysias annually con-twelve and a half j a r s of wine fresh f r o m t h e press f r o m t h e present t i m e until t h e money is repaid (antichresis).
7. P. D u r a 13 (134/5 A . D . ) .
Lit. B . C . W e l l e s , Münch. Beitr. 1. c. 396 No 3. P r o b a b l y a c o n t r a c t of loan.
8. P. D u r a 26 (143 A . D . ) .
Lit. B . C . W e l l e s , Münch. Beitr. 1. c. 396 No 4. A loan with a „ r e n e w a l " clause like t h a t in D u r a 10. 9. P. D u r a 23 (180 A . D . ) .
_ ed. B . C . W e l l e s , Münch. Beitr. X I X p. 381 ff.
Lit. B a b e l , Sav. Z. L I V (1934) 208 ff. W i l c k e n , Arch. f . Pap. X I (1935) 3 1 7 ; B . C . W e l l e s , Sav. Z. LVI (1936) 104; S c h ö n b a u e r , Atti Firenze 454; B . C . W e l l e s , Exc. at Dura Europos, Report of sixth season (1936) 4 2 9 ; Sch-vvarz, Actes Oxford 4 3 9 ; T a u b e n s c h l a g Law I 248зо.
A contract of sale drawn in t h e record office. Two brothers, Lysias a n d Heliodorus h a d inherited f r o m their f a t h e r a vine-y a r d a n d t w o slaves ; t h e vine-y divided this inheritance b vine-y a con-t r a c con-t of division a n d a f con-t e r con-t h a con-t Lysias sold con-to his b r o con-t h e r his share of t h e p r o p e r t y , half of t h e v i n e y a r d a n d one slave, Achabus b y n a m e , a b o u t t w e n t y years old. T h e price is de-scribed as five h u n d r e d d r a c h m a e of silver a n d „all t h e re-v e n u e s " w h a t m a y m e a n t h a t t h e seller retained a life-inter-est in t h e income f r o m his former share of t h e v i n e y a r d . T h e sale is called καταγραφή.
10. P . D u r a No 28 ( I I A.D.).
Lit. B . C . W e l l e s , Exc. at Dura-Europos ; Report of sixth season, p . 428.
PAPYPI FROM EASTERN PROVINCES 59
A sheet of p a r c h m e n t which h a d formed p a r t of registry roll of είρόμενα, summaries of contracts containing а will beginning w i t h t h e formula common in Greece and in Ptole-maic E g y p t εί']η μεν act δγιαίνονφ τών έααυτού κύριον είνα·.]. 11. D u r a No 22 (204 A . D . ) .
ed. B . C . W e l l e s , Münch. Beitr. X I X 388 ff.
Lit. B . C . W e l l e s , Excav. at Dura-Europos, Report of sixth season 4 3 2 / 3 ; W i l c k e n , Arch. f . Pap. X I (1935) 3 1 7 ; T a u b e n s c h l a g , Laiv I 87si; W o l f f , Written and unwritten marriages 49 ff.
A c o n t r a c t of divorce, between i n h a b i t a n t s of t h e village Ossa who h a d been living together in an „ u n w r i t t e n m a r r i a g e " and who declare before three p r i v a t e witnesses t h a t t h e y were dissatisfied with t h e union and were agreed to separate, each having t h e right t o r e m a r r y a n d each being released b y t h e other f r o m a n y p r o p e r t y claims based on their life together. I n t h e m i d s t of t h e release s t a n d s a R o m a n stipulatio (cf. m y Law I 299).
12. D u r a No 101 (227 A . D . ) .
ed. C . B . W e l l e s , Arch. d. droit oriental I (1937) 2 6 1 ; M. J . R o s t o v t z e f f , F . E . B r o w n , B . C . W e l l e s , Preliminary Report of the seventh and eight seas. p. 4 3 3 ; A r a n g i o - R u i z . 1. c. No 138.
Lit. W e l l e s 1. c ; W i l c k e n , Arch. f . Pap. X I I I 151. A deed of sale in Greek form whereby Julius Demetrius, a v e t e r a n of t h e cohort of Thracians has b o u g h t f r o m Otar-neus a parcel of wine-land a t a price of 175 denarii of silver, T h e c o n t r a c t ends with t h e R o m a n stipulatio.
13. P . D u r a No 74 (232 A . D . ) .
ed. C . B . W e l l e s , Exc. at Dura-Europos ; Report of sixth season p . 433/4.
Lit. C . B . W e l l e s , Münch. Beitr. X I X 398.
T h e p a p y r u s contains a contract of marriage between a soldier Aurelius Alexander of t h e Cohors Duodecimo... and a soldier's widow Aurelia Marcellina. I t m a y be noted t h a t Mar-cellina gives herself (;:αραδεδωκέναι . εαυτήν) out of widow-hood to marriage union with Alexander, (cf. m y Law I 105зв). The t e x t continues with a list of dower articles and concludes with clauses almost entirely lost.
60 JOURNAL OF PAPYROLOGY
14. Military D. P. 5 and 6 (235 A.D.).
Lit. M. R o s t o w z e w , Münch. Beitr. X I X 372; Prelim. Report of the fifth season 298 f f ; W i l e ken, Arch. f. Pap. X I 315 ff.
Two sentences (sententiae, αποφάσεις) of the tribunus Laro-nius Seeundianus with his subscriptions, concerning two dif-ferent cases. The sentences belonged probably to a liber or libel-lus sententiarum tribuni.
15. Dura No 20 (243 A.D.).
ed. Charles C. T o r r e y , A Syriac Parchment from Edessa of the year 243 A.D. in Zeitschrift für Semitistik и. ver-wandte Gebiete Χ (1935) 33—45 cf. also Carl B r o c k e l m a n n ibid. 163; A l f r e d R . B e l l i n g e r - С. B. W e l l e s , A third century contract of sale from Edessa in Osrhoene ( Yale Class. Stud. V (1935) 95 ff).
Lit. A. R . B e l l i n g e r - C . B. W e l l e s 1. c.; C. B. W e l l e s , Münch. Beitr. X I X p. 397 No 8; Exc. at Dura-Europos, Report of sixth season p. 435; A r a n g i o - R u i z . 1. c. 433.
This is a complete slave sale contract written in Syriac and drown in Edessa in Osrhoene whereby Marcia Aurelia sells to the purchaser L. Aurelius Tiro a female slave named Amath-Sin who is described as a captive. The contract though in Syriac has a Greek form, the objective homology and the clauses are partially modelled after the Roman edictum aedi-Hum curulium.
16. P. Dura No 73 (251 A.D.).
ed. C . B . W e l l e s , Exc. at Dura-Europos, Report of sixth season p. 436.
Lit. C . B . W e l l e s , Münch. Beitr. X I X p. 398 No 11. An agreement of depositum irreguläre whereby Gaia declares to have received in παραν.αθ-ήν.η 100 denarii from another wo-man. It contains the customary provisions for Gaia's guarding the money 'and returning it on demand.
17. P. Dura No 90 (254 A.D.).
Lit. C . B . W e l l e s , Exc. at Dura-Europos, Report of sixth season 439; Münch. Beitr. X I X 399.
If the reading καΐ άπηλλαγηναί της προς [ά]λλήλων [κο]'.νοβιώ-σεως is right, it would seem to mark the contract definitely as a divorce.
PAPYRI FROM EASTERN PROVINCES 61
18. P. Dura No 88 (III cent. A.D.).
Lit. C . B . W e l l e s , Exc. at Dura-Europos, Report of sixth season, p. 438.
Two fragments of a contract of sale; the upper one con-tains part of the penalty clause, the lower fragment concon-tains the signature of the seller and of three witnesses.
[Warsaw University]
