Rafał Taubenschlag
"Latin papyri in the University of
Michigan Collection", H. A. Sanders,
Ann Arbor 1947 : [recenzja]
The Journal of Juristic Papyrology 3, 180-183
1949
180 JOURNAL OF PAPYROLOGY
spot. This d o c u m e n t is m o s t p r o b a b l y their r e p o r t . № 2234 (31 A.D.) is a p e t i t i o n t o a c e n t u r i o n on d a m a g e a n d assault caused to t h e petitioner b y some f i s h e r m e n a n d a soldier. T h e p e t i t i o n e r who p a i d t a x e s , h a d fishing r i g h t s (cf. m y Law I I 79 f f ) . № 2235 (346 A.D.) is a p e t i t i o n t o t h e riparius, e n t e r e d b y Aurelius H o r u s on behalf of his grandchildren. T h e y h a v e inherited f r o m their fa-t h e r a piece of l a n d in fa-t h e fa-t e r r i fa-t o r y of fa-t h e village of A d a e u s b u fa-t now, illegally, t h e scribe of T e r y t h i s is t r y i n g t o force t h e m t o p a y t h e t a x e s on t h e land t o his village. I t will be noticed t h a t t h e p e t i t i o n e r invokes t h e old m o t i v e — t h e t h r e a t of άναχώρησις — t o s t r e n g h t e n his case, as well as a p e r h a p s more novel a p p e a l ad
misericordiam, p i t y for t h e o r p h a n children. № 2236 (early I I I
cent. A.D.) is a sale of a p a r t of a house, № 2237 (498 A.D.) a loan of m o n e y , № 2238 (551 A.D.) a deed of s u r e t y , addressed t o Me-nas, t h e overseer of t h e principal church of O x y r h y n c h u s , b y P h o e b a m m o n , Elias a n d P a n t a r o n . T h e y g u a r a n t e e t h e r e t u r n b y O n n o p h r i s of t h e gold stolen b y him a few d a y s before, a n d u n d e r t a k e t o p r o d u c e h i m w h e n r e q u i r e d . W e r e a d on O n n o p h r i s (v. 10) οίόν Ιΐαμουθίου γενομένου διακόνου μητρός Θέκλας 6ρμά}μενον και αυτόν [από του αϋ]του κτήματος και προ τούτου παραμένοντα αυτή έν τάξει δουλελευθ-έρου. T h e editors t r a n s l a t e t h e v. προ τούτου — δουλελευθέρου formerly serving you in the capacity of a freedman, w i t h reference t o Y e t t . Yal. 7, 8. I n m y j u d g e m e n t t h e v . δουλελεύ-θερος m e a n s a free man who serves as slave (liber homo serviens), cf. Strassb. 40 (569 A.D.) (v. 24) φαμιλιάριος εδραίος κατάδουλος παις (v. 30) εφ' φ αύτον παραμεΐναι κτλ. (cf. m y Law I 283is). I n v . 17 we r e a d a g a i n : παρειλήφαμεν èv τη φυλακή του νοσοκομίου της αυτής άγιας έκκληαίας. As t h e editors r e m a r k , t h e r e is no i m p r o b a b i l i t y in t h e supposition t h a t t h e hospital h a d its own prison (cf. on hospitals m y Law I I 57). № 2239 (598 A.D.) is a c o n t r a c t m a d e b y J e r e m i a s w i t h Γ1. J o h a n n e s , t h e owner of a large e s t a t e t h r o u g h Fl. J u l i u s , his s u p e r i n t e n d e n t a n d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e (cf. m y Law I 235). T h e d o c u m e n t is closely parallel t o O x y . 136 a n d 1894. J e r e m i a s styles himself επικείμενος a d d i n g t h a t he h a d p a i d his e n t r a n c e - f e e . № 2240—2244 are a c c o u n t s .
H . A. S A N D E R S , Latin papyri in the University of Michigan
Collection (Michigan P a p y r i vol. V I I ) A n n A r b o r 1947.
This collection contains 37 L a t i n p a p y r i , mostly of legal cha-r a c t e cha-r . № 167 (103 A.D.), № 168 (145 A.D.) a n d 436 (138 A.D.)
are b i r t h certificates. F r o m these t h r e e d o c u m e n t s , № 167 a n d 168 are republished f r o m Michigan P a p y r i I I I , № 436, a w a x t a b l e t , was f i r s t published in Aegyptus X V I I (1937), 233—240. — № 462 (IV cent. A.D.) is a f r e e d m a n s c e r t i f i c a t e ; no similar do-c u m e n t is k n o w n ; in t a b l e t ï t h e ed. r e a d s : manumissus vindido-ctis; on manumissio vindicta, see m y Laiv I 74. — № 432 (late f i r s t cent.) is a witnessed copy of t h e h o n o r a b l e discharge of a legio-n a r y soldier. T h e parallel t o this t e x t is olegio-n t h e secolegio-nd t a b l e t of a d i p t y c h , W . Chr. 463. N o w it is k n o w n t h a t legionary soldiers, being a l r e a d y R o m a n citizens, did n o t receive t h e regular m i l i t a r y d i p l o m a s g r a n t i n g citizenship, b u t relied on imperial edicts t o secure full rights as citizens a n d recognition of their m a r r i a g e s w i t h non-citizens a n d of children b o r n f r o m such m a r r i a g e s (cf. t h e ed. p. 15 a n d m y Laiv I I 45). These imperial edicts g r a n t i n g an h o n o r a b l e discharge t o legionary soldiers were p u b l i s h e d . T h e edicts were doubtless inscribed on bronze a n d set u p somewhere in R o m e , b u t copies were also sent t o some or even t o all provin-ces. B r o n z e copies were n o t given t o t h e individual soldiers, b u t a n y o n e needing it m i g h t secure a witnessed copy. — № 433 (110 A.D.) is a c e r t i f i c a t e of t h e a s s u m p t i o n of t h e toga pura. W e k n o w of no o t h e r e x a m p l e of a c e r t i f i c a t e of this k i n d . I f , as seems likely in t h i s case, t h e f a t h e r was of t h e Pollian t r i b e , he h a d o b t a i n e d citizenship w h e n , as an illegitimate child f r o m t h e village n e a r a R o m a n c a m p , he enlisted in a legion. His child in t u r n , if b o r n d u r i n g t h e t e r m of service, would n o t acquire R o m a n citi-zenship u n t i l t h e f a t h e r o b t a i n e d a n honorable discharge f r o m t h e a r m y . Y e t t h e b i r t h of soldier's children was carefully a u t h e n t i c a t e d b y a witnessed c e r t i f i c a t e . W e now see t h a t t h e p u t t i n g on of t h e
toga pura b y such a child was recorded because he h a d in t h e
m e a n t i m e o b t a i n e d citizenship (cf. t h e ed. p. 19/20). — On t h e m a r r i a g e c o n t r a c t № 434 = I n v . 508 -{- 2217 (early sec. cent.) see a b o v e p . 162; № 444 (late sec. cent.) is a f r a g m e n t of a m a r r i a g e c o n t r a c t or a t t e s t a t i o n . — № 437 (sec. cent) is a f r a g m e n t of a will; t h e s a m e holds of № 439 (147 A . D . ) ; in 1. 4 we f i n d t h e v. anegl. = άνεκλόγιστος (cf. m y Law I 127бо): t h e designation of a g u a r d i a n who is n o t required t o r e n d e r a n a c c o u n t of p r o p e r t y which he receives, (v. 12) refers p r o b a b l y t o a g u a r d i a n t o w h o m t h e t e s t a -t o r e n -t r u s -t s his heirs; in v . 16 -t h e wish of -t h e -t e s -t a -t o r is ex-pressed p e r h a p s t h a t his heirs p e r f o r m some service, a n d if t h i s h a s b e e n delayed, cessa[tum est], t h e r e q u e s t or promise (v. 17)
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/(acienda) c(urabit) t(ibi) f(ilia) s(upra) s(cripla) Tirem[ ] follows (cf. my Law I 148); № 446 (late sec. cent.) is a will or codicil. The text on the wax was preceded by the name of the soldier who is described as mil(es) coh(ortis) (primae) Apamenorum (centuriae)
Octavi. What follows on the wax seems to show that through two messengers the soldier sends statements to be added to or incor-porated in a will. — № 453 (third cent.) is a fragment of a will; in v. 2 ex ypologo [so/o] is from the Greek and designates land which because of its quality has lessened taxes.
№ 435 (early sec. cent.) is a camp record of inheritance. It consists of three entries; the best preserved is the third entry. Here we find that Aprilis Petro[nius] [of the century of ...] to ... io,
optio of the century of Maximus [acknowledges or reports that he] has received by the legacy of Petronius Bland[... assistant to the benefici]arius of Maximus, the dead centurion, drachmas [many, from which....] are deducted. The inheritance tax [took drachmas 30]5. The remaining drachmas [which are] 5095 are [placed on deposit for the heir] on the fourth dav before the Nones of July. In the second entry the heir was probably no longer an active soldier. As the camp kept no account of moneys due to him, the inheritance would be paid to him directly and his ac-knowledgement in line 2 sufficed for a receipt, or indicated that there was a receipt on file. The first entry is apparently from the same type as entry third. № 450 (sec. or third cent.) and 455 (third cent.) are camp documents. The verso of the latter document seems to give some kind of report on a revolt, which extended to legionary soldiers. On 438 (140 A.D.), 440 (162 A.D.), 445 (late sec. cent.) see A r a n g i o - R u i z , Chirografi di soldáti (estr. da. Studi in
onore di Siro Solazzi) pp 255 ff. № 441 (157 - 161 A.D.), 447 (163 — 172 A.D.), 448 (late sec. cent), 454 (III cent.) are military diplomas resp. military lists. On 442 (sec. cent.) see Journal of Jur.
Pap. I 116. This document deals with a dowry, and · was first published by S a n d e r s , in Proc. of the Amer. Philos. Soc. L X X X I (1939), 5 8 1 - 5 9 0 and then reedited b y R. O. F i n k , in T.A.P.A. L X X I I (1942), 109 ff. № 443 (sec. cent.) and 460 (early fourth cent.) are petitions; the first seems to recount the entrance of a man into military service, the latter concerns a man who calls himself ser[i>Ms] and is addressed to officials of equestrian rank. № 456 (late first or early sec. cent.) is a record of court procee-dings. The second of the two lines seems to record the opinion or
decision of a judge [de ea] re iudex d[ixit]; in line 5 the editor suggests edicta pr[netorum or edicta pr[aefecti Aegypti] in line 11 — 14
bona and acceperunt, which, if connected, contain the acknow-ledgement of the receipt of property. № 451 (206 A.D.) is a bill of sale, № 452 (early third cent.) a fragment of a lease, № 461 (IV cent. A.D.) a preliminary draft of a document. № 431 (first cent.), 438 (third cent.) are fragments of legal works, № 459 (third cent.) is a fragment of a placard or proclamation. № 457 (late third cent.) and 463 (sixth cent.) are bilingual do-cuments. It is probable that the first document is legal (cf. v. 2)
syco]pantam detrimen[tum], and the latter contains decisions of a magistrate.
W. SCHUBART, Die Papyri der Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen, Leipzig 1942.
The collection contains 1—24 literary texts; 24—44 documents from and to offices; 44—68 acts concerning taxes, official accounts and other similar documents; 68—98 private contracts; 98—122 private accounts; 123 —130 letters; 130—131 small fragments.
Among the documents submitted to the offices, Erl. 71 p. 25 (Hadrians era) (cf. also Erl. 24 p. 29) (III cent. A.D.) contains an extract from proceedings concerning some taxes questions; Erl. 23 p. 26 (248 A.D.) is a record of a meeting of the council in Oxy-rhynchos. Erl. 24· p. 31 (195 A.D.) is an inventary of a temple; it was probably done because of some taxes which had to be paid by the temple; the things in the inventary had to be sold to cover the taxes. Nr 61 and 91 (p. 34/35) (160/1 A.D. resp. II cent. A.D.) are applications in έπίκρισις cases. Erl. 126 p. 36 (III cent. A.D.) is an imperial oath. Erl. 100 (p. 36) (Commodus' era) is a fragment of an application with an official subscription. The other documents of this group are only fragments.
From the following group Erl. 101 (p. 44) (II cent. A.D.) and Erl. 104 (p. 44) (155/6 A.D.) are census-declarations; Erl. 90 (p. 45) (II cent. A.D.) a report to the strategus concerning probably con-fiscated land.
The group of private contracts: promissory notes, Erl. 9 p. 74 (590 A.D.); loans, Erl. 18 (p. 76) (VII cent. A.D.); hypothecated loans, Erl. 42 (p. 68) (I cent. B.C.); Erl. 132 (p. 70) (II cent. A.D.); Erl. 36 (p. 70) (II cent. A.D.); Erl. 127 (p. 71) (II cent. A.D.);
