Planktonic rotifers (Rotatoria) of Polesie National Park ponds

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Acta Agrophysica. 2002. 68. 29-36

PLANKTONie ROTJFERS (ROTATOR lA) OF POLESIE NATIONAL PARK PONDS

A. Dell1etraki-Paleolog

Dt'p~rll1lenl ofHydrobiology and Jchthyobiology. University of Agriculture Akademicka 13 str., 20·950 Lublin. Pol<lnd

A b s I r a c t. PI::mktonic rotifers WCfC examined in Junc and Seplember 1997 in fivc ponds: Stujlos. Perkoz, Graniczny, Głęboki and Mała Zośka localed in Poleski National Park. Qualilalive and quantitativc annlysis of rotifcr spccics (Rofotoria) was carricd oul. In genem\ 26 spccics ol' roti· fcrs wefC found. including J 3 in Perkoz Pond. 12 in Stujlos, 11 in Mnb Zośk::t, 9 in Graniczny and, finally, 8 in Głęboki Pond. Species diversity index W::IS the highest in Gr~Hliczny Pond, whereas ils lower "alues were observed in M"ja Zośk<!, Stujlos and Perkoz, and the lowest in Grf\niezny Pond. Rotifers were the most abundant in Głęboki Pond. a less abundant in Perkoz, Stujłoz. Mała Zośk::l and Graniczny Pond. In almost all Ponds speeics prefcrring IC11ilc watcrs - Kera!e//a cochlearis.

Keratel/a coch/earis leCIa, Po/yar!hra vl//garis and Trichocerca similis predominanted. In Stlljłos Pond Conochill/s IIl1icornis was the most llumcrot1s species.

K e y w o r d s: Pond s, planktonie rotifers, Polesie National Park

INTRODUCTION

Rotifers inhabiting pond waters are the basie element of heleoplankton. They feed on the foJJowing mieroorganisms: baeteria, algae and protozoa. Detritvorolls form s are also eneountered. Rotifers play, therefore, an important role in food web of ponds [8]. Som e species mayaiso be considered to be good indicators ot' water fertility [7,8, I

O].

The objeetive of the researeh was to examine qllantitative and qualitative strlleture of planktonie rotifers (RotGtoria) inhabiting ponds in Polesie National Park, Poland. Until now these ponds had been the object ol' only very fragmentary research coneerning biology and eeology of variolls groups of water invertebrates [9,11,12].

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30 A. DEMETRAKI-PALEOLOG

STUDIED AREA; MATERIAL AND METHODS

There

are two

pond

complexes 7.5

kilometres

apart

in Polesie

National

Park

,

Bruski Pond

Complex comprising Slujlos,

Perkoz

i Graniczny

Ponds

,

and

Pieszo-wo

l

ski

Pond

Complex with

Glęboki

and

Mala

Zośka (Table I).

The

former

com-plex is

situated

in the north

-

eastern

part ofPolesie

National Park

whereas the latter

in its north-western part. The pond complexes

came

inlo existence in the

early

1930s in the Iransitional peat bog meadows.

Unlil

the

early

1960s Bruski ponds

we re fed by Ihe M

i

et

i

ulka river whe

r

eas

Pieszowolski ponds by the Pieszowolski

watercourse.

Since the tum

ol'

the

1960s

and

70s

all ponds

have been

fed by the

Mietiulka river. Bruski Ponds were

excluded from fishing production for many

years.

During

Ihat

time

they grew with

reeds,

shrubs and

forests

(birch, alder), and

som e of them transformed

into

agricultural

land. In

1990 they were

incorporated

inlo Pole

sie

Nalional

Park

and Ihey

have

been

under

going g

radual

renaluralisalion

since

1994.

T" b I. 1. Ecological chanlcteristics orlhe studicd ponds in Poleski National Park

---.

_POllds _Stujlos _Perkoz GI,hoki Mab Zośb

Arca (ha) and Gr~lIliczny

T0131 "rea 49.02 81.91 43.45 77.32 Forests 1.62 0.75 3 11.74 Woodlols 10.27 36.38 10.45 Arabie land 10.53 4.90 Walet' 36.85 44.01 18.18 47.59 Oikes 0.12 1.49 Rushcs 0.29 0.76 " .63 1.13

The

research was canied out in the spring-aulumn of

199

7 in five P

o

n

ds:

Slujlos,

Perko

z,

Graniczny, Głęboki and

Mała Zośka.

Planklon

was sampled in Ihe

pe

l

agic

zone of

the

ponds.

Durin

g

each occasion

10 lilr

es

ofwater was taken using

"Toń"

sampler. Subsequently,

the

sample of wal er was strained

through

a

pl

ank-ton nel

No.

25 mesh size and condensed

to

a constant volume of

100 cm

3.

Sam

pie

s

were

pre

se

rved

with

Lugols

solution and after several

hours preserved

with

4 %

formalin

solulion

with the

addition ofg

l

ycerine (IJ. Species

distribulion

and

quan-litative

composition analysis of

rotifers

were

determined in the preserved

sam-pies

u

sing an

inverted microscope. The num ber

of

individuals per

I

Iitre

of water

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PLANKTONie ROTIFERS 31 RESULTS

Qualitative structure

In the ponds of Polesie National Park 26 planktonie rotifer species were found (Table 2). The num ber of species was the highest in the Bruski Pond Complex,

ranging from 13 species in Perkoz Pond to 9 in Graniczny. In the Pieszowolski

Pond Complex the num ber of rotifer species was alittle lowcr, ranging from

8

in the Głeboki Pond to II in Mala Zośka I. The num ber of rotifer species in the ponds of Polesie National Park was close to speeies abundance in Lasy Janowskie Landscape Park [7] and considerably lower than in the ponds of Żeromin near Lódź in central Poland [5]. In many carp ponds, however, the number ot" rotifer

species was lower than that in Ihe ponds of Polesie National Park.

Shannons species diversity index points out to the fa et that the highest rotifer

species diversity can be observed in Graniczny Pond, H=3.095 and the lowest in Głęboki Pond, H=0.982 (Fig. I).

Abundance and dominallce

The abundance of rotifers in particular ponds was clearly diversitied and

ranged from 7 indiv./I in Graniczny Pond to as many as 500 indiv./I Głęboki.

Mean rotifer abundance was the highest in Glęboki Pond, being 275 indiv./1. Jt was considerably lower in the remaining ponds, where it ranged from II indiv./I in Graniczny to 146 in Perkoz Pond (Fig. I). Rotifcr abundance in Polesie

Na-tional Park ponds was lower than in carp ponds in olher regions of Poland [2-4,6]

and close to that of Lasy Janowskie Landscape Park [7].

The species dominance struclure of planktonic rotifers in the ponds in Polesie

National Park was diverse (Fig. 2). Keralella cochlearis was predominanted in

Głęboki Pond, where it constituted 84% of thc total rotifer population. The per-centage of other species was much lower (BrachioJllls angularis - 7%, Keralella qlladrala - 4% and AsplanLlma priodonla - 2%. In Perkoz Pond Kera/ella co-chlearis aecounted for 74% of Ihe total rotifer num bers, Polyarlhra vlIlgaris - 10% and KeraleIla q/iadrala - 6%. In Stlij los Pond 68% of the rotifer nllmbers, was represented by Conochillls lInicomis which is a typical case of mesotrophy. The percentage of Ihe remaining speeies was low: KeraleIla cochlearis - Il %,

Polyarlhra vlIIgaris - 6%, KeraleIla q/iadrala - 5% and Brachiol1/is Jorficllla - 2%. ln Mała Zośka Pond two rotifer species Polyarlhra vulgaris i Keralella co-chlearis lecia were predominanted and accounted for 37 and 29% of the tolal

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T ~1 b I c 2. Rotifer population abundance in Polesie National Park pond s - spring and autumn 1997 (indi\".II)

No. Ponn Stlllłoc; Perkoz C'iranionv Cilehoki M.3ła Zośk.3

SpJ:~~

~I IX ~I IX lil IX lil IX ~I IX Asp/one/ma priodonta 4 10 7 2 Brachiolllls angl/lm·is 2 4 31 3 Brachiol1l/s angularis 3 4 Brachionus rubens 5 BrachioHus qlladridentatus 4 6 COl/ochilus wlicomis 126 2 7 Co/urel/a adriatica 2 8 E/oset spinifera 2 6 2 9 El/ch/anis dilafala 10 Fi/inio /ongisera 2 11 K eratella cochlearis 17 2 148 67 13 450 2

12 Keratella cochlearis lecta 2 l 4 7 18

13 Keratella quadrata 10 17 18 2 2 14 Lecane c1oslerocerco 15 Lecone creOftla 2 16 Lecane lunaris 2 2 17 Lecane quadriden/a/a 2 18 lepadella rhomboides 2 19 Platyias leloupi 20 Platyias palllh/s 21 Polyarthm vlIlgaris 4 8 3 27 2 3 10 21 22 Synchae/a pectinoro 23 Tesllldinella palina 24 Trichocerca rafllls 2 25 Trichocerca similis 2 3 16 [richOJJ:.ia...JeJ.t:.a.c.li s. I I I

Number of species 10 5 10 7 8 5 7 6 10 6

Ahund.:mc:e 164 15 181 105 11 7 44 500 108 41 O>

'"

> O m

s:

m -l

'"

>

:s

~

r m O r O O

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PLANKTONIe ROTIFERS 33

A -NUMBER OF SPECIES B - ABUNDANCE

~

"

.

=

Ponds

c - - - - _ . _ - - -'::1

jDSwJkls o Perkoz CGraniczny OGl~bokj o Ma/a ~~....J

c

-

SHANNON'S SPECIES DIVERSITY INDEX

Ponds Mała Zośka Głęboki Słujłos o O,, 1,5 2 2,5 3

3.'

Shannon

Fig. l, Qualitative and quantitative composition af rOlifers in Polesie National Park ponds - 1997 population, respectively. The remaining species, Asp/ane/ma priodon/a. Kera/ella

coch/earis, Trichocerca similis, Lecane /unaris and Co/urella adria/żca accounted for as little as 4 to 9% of rotifer population 2). The character of rotifer species dOlllinance

in

Graniczny Pond was considerably different from that of other

ponds. Two species, Po/yar/hra vu/garis and Trichocerca simi/is. predominateded

the community, be ing 19 and 18% ofthe total nUl11bers, respectively. Several other species, Brachionus rubens, Lecane crena/a, Lepadella rhombożdes, Tes/lldinella

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34 A. DEMETRAKJ-PALEOLOG

Stujlos Pond Perkoz Pond

8% 2%

m BrachionU5 farficuje EJ Conochflus unJcornl8 J

D Keratella coch/earis

o

Keratella Quadrala

!

OPołyarthra vulgaris

o

Othera

I

Graniczny Pond

9% 9°~

D Keratella QUadrata- - j

10% Głęboki Pond 4% 3% 2% . . %

3

74'~ 7% f f] Bl8chionu$ rubens I D Lecane eremIta

!

O LepadeHa rhom bolde.

!

i:3Testudlnella patina oTnchottla tetractis

EJ Lecane luna/is ,I I:l Polyarthrs vulgarl!J I oTrichocerca s;milis

l

EJAsplanchna pnodonta la Brachionus angularis ! D Kerłltela cochlear. o Kera~1Ia quaorala

oOther.

- - - -

-'

Mała Zośka Pond

9% 9% 37% 4% 4% 4% 4%

~

-DAs.~;''ICłl~ PfI~O;~'-DC~u;ella adriatJca

J

O Kefatella cochleans C Lecane lunaria

CTnchocetca slmllis D Ksrat.eJ!a cochlearis tecta

C PoIyarthfa V\.l~n. _ O_Other5 _ Fig. 2. Rotifer species dominance slructure in Polesie Nalionfll Park ponds - 1997

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PLANKTONie ROTIFERS 35

patina, Trichocerca sill/ilis, LecaM lunaris i Kera/ella qlladrata, each of which

accounted for 9% ofthe total population did not play a significanl role in its

quan-titative structure.

CONCLUSIONS

The study of planktonic rotifers in Poleski Nalional Park point out to the fact

that:

I. Species diversity index was the highest in Graniczny Pond, whereas its

lower values were observed in Mala Zośka, Stujlos i Perkoz and the lowest in

Głęboki Pond.

2. Rotifer namber were the highest in Głęboki Pond, alittle lower in Perkoz,

Stujłoz, Mała Zośka and, finally, Graniczny Pond had the least numerous rotifer

population.

3. Kera/ella cochlearis was the dominant species in all Ponds, which is a typi

-cal case of eutrophy. The only exceptions were the rotifer populations of Stujlos

Pond, predominated by eonochilus unicomis rotifers, which is believed to be a

bioindicator of mesotrophy and Graniczny Pond, whose rotifer population was

dominated by two species, Polyar/hra vlllgaris and Trichocerca sill/ilis. which we

typical of eutrophy.

REFERENCES

I. Edmondsoll T., \Vinbcl"g G.G.: A manu;,\] olllllcthod orlhe assesmenl ofsccondary producI in

rresh watcrs. I BP Hanbd. 17. 1-138, 1971.

2. Fcrallska M.: Zooplankton ar lishing pond "Ksir;ży" in Goloszu (in Poli511). Acta Hydrobiol ..

7, Kraków, 59-70, 1970.

3. I<limczyl< M.: Biomass ol' zooplankton in fertilized ponds (in Poli5h). Acta I-Iydrobiol., 6, 3.

Kraków, 187-205, 1964.

4. Kowalczyk

c.

, R

:ulwan S., Klekot L.: Zooplankton in Pruszków Ponds Supplied wilh POSI

-wasle Walcrs. Ann. UMCS, scc. C. \'01 XII, Lublin, 89-98, 1985.

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Polish). Lódzkie TOWHrzyst\Vo N<lukowl'. Wydz. lIl, Sec!. Ill. Nr 42, 1-47. 1956.

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51-88.1973.

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c.,

Slryjcdii H., ZwoJsld W.: Aqu:ltic

faun~l af invcrtcbratcs in Landscape P.lrk "Las)' Jnnowskic" (in Palish). In: Srodowisko

Przy-rodnicze Parku Krajobrazo\V~go Lnsy J:mowskic. Wyd. UMCS. 1064-X, 117-133, 1997.

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ar

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36 A. DEMETRAKI-PALEOLOG

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WROTKI (ROTATOR/A) PLANKTONOWE STAWÓW

POLESKIEGO PARKU NARODOWEGO

A. Demetraki-Paleolog

Katedra Hydrobiologii i Ichthyobiologii, Akademia Rolnicza ul. Akademicka I 3, 20-950 Lublin. Polska

S t r e s z c z e n i c. Badania wrotków planktonowyC'h prowndzollo w czerwcu i wrzesniu 1997 roku w sześciu stawach: Stujlos, Perkoz, Graniczny. G1łi?boki i Mab Zośka położonych na terenie Poleskiego Parku Narodowego. Określano w nich strukturę jakościową i ilościową wrotków

(Rola/o-ria). Stwierdzono 26 gatunków wrotków, w tym w stawie Perkoz J 3 gatunków, w stawie Stujłoz 12

gatunków, w stawie Mała Zośka II galllnków. w stawie Granicznym 9 gatunkóvy i w stawie Głęboki

8 gatunków. Wskaźnik różnorodności gatunkowej najv.:yzszy byl \II i)tawie Granicznym, niższe jego

wartości obserwowano \V stawach: Malrl Zośka, Stujłos i Perkoz, a naj niższe w stawie Głębokim.

Najwyższe liczebności wrotków notowano w Stawie Głębokim, nieco mniejsze w stawach: Perkoz,

Stujłoz. Mała Zośka i najmniejsze w stawie Granicznym. We wszystkich stawach dominowa/y gatunki preferujące wody żyzne: Kerate//a cochlearis, Kerale!la cochlearis recfo, Po~y{/rfhra 1"11/· garis, Trichocerca similis, a w stawie Stujłoz zdecydowanie dominowała Conochilus unicornis.