Maciej J. Kotarba

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IN TER DIS CI PLIN ARY STUD IES (2006–2009)

AT STARUNIA (CARPATHIAN RE GION, UKRAINE)

– THE AREA OF DIS COV ER IES

OF WOOLLY RHINOCEROSES

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Ac knowl edge ments

My fore most grat i tude is due to Pro fes sor Antoni Tajduœ, Rec tor of the AGH Uni ver sity of Sci ence and Tech nol ogy in Kraków, for his kind and pa tient sup port for the Starunia pro ject.

I greatly ac knowl edge the sup port of the Au thor i ties from the Min is try for En vi ron ment Pro tec tion of Ukraine in Kiev and the Frankivsk Na tional Tech ni cal Uni ver sity of Oil and Gas in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, par tic u larly to First Vice-Min is ter Mr. Stepan O. Lizun, Rec tor, Pro fes sor Eustachyi I. Krizhanivskiy, and to Uni ver sity staff mem bers: Pro fes sor Oleg M. Adamenko and Dr. Orest R. Stelmakh. Their as sis tance was de ci sive for field work in the Starunia area.

Par tic u lar grat i tude is ex pressed to Dr. Igor V. Dudok and Dr. Yuryi V. Koltun of the In sti tute of Ge -ol ogy and Geo chem is try of Com bus ti ble Min er als of the Na tional Acad emy of Sci ences of Ukraine for their help in work in Lviv Ar chives.

Pro fes sor Jacek Matyszkiewicz, Dean of the Fac ulty of Ge ol ogy, Geo phys ics and En vi ron men tal Pro tec tion of the AGH Uni ver sity of Sci ence and Tech nol ogy, has pro vided gen er ous sup port to our work in Ukraine.

Fi nan cial sup port from the Min is try of Sci ence and Higher Ed u ca tion in War saw (Grant No. 139/ UKR/2006/01) is kindly ac knowl edged.

My spe cial thanks are ex pressed to Pro fes sor Witold Zuchiewicz, Ed i tor-in-Chief of the Annales

Societatis Geologorum Poloniae and Pro fes sor Jan Golonka for their help with the ed i to rial work.

I am grate ful to Pro fes sor Stefan W. Alexandrowicz from the Pol ish Acad emy of Arts and Sci ences in Kraków for his help in prep a ra tion of the programme of lith o logical, palaeobotanical and malacolog i -cal stud ies.

Sin cere thanks are due to Pres i dent Mr. Maciej Górski and staff of the Toruñ Geo phys i cal Com pany for their help with the geo phys i cal sur vey ing and Mr. Zbigniew Derêgowski and staff of the Pol ish Drill -ing Com pany ALGEO from Grabownica for drill -ing of re search bore holes in Starunia.

I also thank the Board of the So ci ety of Re search on En vi ron men tal Changes “Geosphere” in Kraków for sup port of the idea of re search in Starunia.

Thanks are due to all the re view ers of the manu scripts at var i ous stages of prep a ra tion, who de voted time bor rowed from their busy sched ules in or der to crit i cally read the pa pers. I also thank Pro fes sor John B. Curtis of the Col o rado School of Mines in Golden, Dr. Geoffrey S. Ellis, Dr. Paul Lillis and Dr. Mark J. Pawlewicz of the U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey in Den ver, and Dr. Wojciech Mayer and Ms. Jolanta Lepiarczyk of the AGH Uni ver sity of Sci ence and Tech nol ogy in Kraków for im prove ments of Eng lish manu scripts, and also to Ms. Joanna GawêdaSkrok, Ms. Maria Fremel and Mr. Sebastian Ptak for tech -ni cal ed i to rial work.

Many thanks are due to all mem bers of the Starunia Team for sev eral years of hard work and joint ad -ven ture.

Last but not least, I want to ex press all my grat i tude to my Lov ing Wife for her un der stand ing and pa -tience.

Prof. Dr. Maciej J. Kotarba Ed i tor and Leader of the Starunia Team

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Con tents

Maciej J. Kotarba

In ter dis ci plin ary stud ies at Starunia palaeontological site and vi cin ity (Carpathian re gion, Ukraine) in the years 2006–2009: pre vi ous dis cov er ies and re search, pur poses,

re sults and per spec tives . . . 219

Tadeusz Soko³owski

De vel op ment of re lief of the Velyky Lukavets River val ley near Starunia palaeontological site

(Carpathian re gion, Ukraine) . . . 243

Tadeusz Soko³owski, Renata Stachowicz-Rybka & Barbara Woronko

Up per Pleis to cene and Ho lo cene de pos its at Starunia palaeontological site and vi cin ity

Renata Stachowicz-Rybka, Wojciech Granoszewski & Anna Hrynowiecka-Czmielewska

Qua ter nary en vi ron men tal changes at Starunia palaeontological site and vi cin ity

(Carpathian re gion, Ukraine) based on palaeobotanical stud ies . . . 279

Tadeusz Kuc, Kazimierz Ró¿añski, Tomasz Goslar & Renata Stachowicz-Rybka

Ra dio car bon dat ing of plant rem nants in Qua ter nary sed i ments at Starunia palaeontological

site and vi cin ity (Carpathian re gion, Ukraine) . . . 289

Renata Stachowicz-Rybka, Mariusz Ga³ka, Witold P. Alexandrowicz & Stefan W. Alexandrowicz

Plant macrofossils and malacocoenoses of Qua ter nary min eral-or ganic sed i ments

at Starunia palaeontological site and vi cin ity (Carpathian re gion, Ukraine) . . . 297

Tadeusz Soko³owski & Renata Stachowicz-Rybka

Chronostratigraphy and changes of en vi ron ment of Late Pleis to cene and Ho lo cene

W³odzimierz J. Moœcicki

Char ac ter iza tion of near-sur face sed i ments based on com bined geoelectric stud ies

W³odzimierz J. Moœcicki & Tadeusz Soko³owski

Elec tric re sis tiv ity and com pact ness of sed i ments in the vi cin ity of bore holes drilled in the

years 2007–2008 in the area of Starunia palaeontological site (Carpathian re gion, Ukraine) . . . 343

S³awomir Porzucek & Janusz Madej

Rec og ni tion of geo log i cal struc tures at Starunia palaeontological site and vi cin ity

(Carpathian re gion, Ukraine) based on grav ity sur veys. . . 357

S³awomir Porzucek & Janusz Madej

De tec tion of near-sur face geo log i cal het er o ge ne ity at Starunia palaeontological site

and vi cin ity (Carpathian re gion, Ukraine) based on microgravity sur vey. . . 365

Henryk Sechman, Maciej J. Kotarba & Marek Dzieniewicz

Sur face geo chem i cal sur vey at Starunia palaeontological site and vi cin ity (Carpathian re gion,

Ukraine) . . . 375

W³odzimierz J. Moœcicki, Tomasz Tobo³a & Magdalena Zarzyka-Ryszka

Sa lin ity of Qua ter nary sed i ments and halophytes at Starunia palaeontological site and vi cin ity

Maciej J. Kotarba, Henryk Sechman & Marek Dzieniewicz

Dis tri bu tion and or i gin of gas eous hydrocarbons and car bon di ox ide in the Qua ter nary sed i ments

Marek Dzieniewicz, Henryk Sechman & Maciej J. Kotarba

Mo lec u lar and iso to pic com po si tions of gases ad sorbed to near sur face sed i ments

Wies³aw Barabasz, Maria J. Chmiel & Marek Ostafin

Mi cro bi o log i cal char ac ter is tics of Qua ter nary sed i ments at Starunia palaeontological site

and vi cin ity (Carpathian re gion, Ukraine) . . . 439

Maciej J. Kotarba, Dariusz Wiêc³aw, Tomasz Tobo³a, Hieronim Zych, Adam Kowalski & Sebastian Ptak

Bi tu men and salt con tents within the Qua ter nary sed i ments at Starunia palaeontological site

and vi cin ity (Carpathian re gion, Ukraine) . . . 447

Maciej J. Kotarba, Monika Fabiañska, Dariusz Wiêc³aw, Adam Kowalski & Hieronim Zych

Bi o log i cal mark ers and sta ble car bon iso tope stud ies of bi tu men im preg nat ing Qua ter nary

sed i ments at Starunia palaeontological site and vi cin ity (Carpathian re gion, Ukraine) . . . 463