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THnorpa$ia i Kn e p a i o p c s a i o yHHBepcmeTa,.
O i ł KasaHcitaro Koirm eTa aysoBHoi nensypn n e ia T a n . sosBOjiseTcs. 13 aurycTa 1891 rofla.
U
okouhuuHeam UnoeMemi Tlopcfiupbeez ncmn/pem 6
u mdoeecmu uacmomniu,
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Gjioeecnocmu do JinmepamypHOu dibJimMuocmu llym m m ;
honpmomoemm %z newmu eea orno mb omótbM
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umznpotpnMMou, om ue ycnrb iz. Ojnepmb 3a-
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Mucmmecnou jwmepamyprb AMiccaudpoecmto epeMeuu. Sum
cmanihu,
kcikzHeoKOHWHHbui, ue
mozjiusoutnu oz uctcMOHiyee
mdame.
XAPAKTEP'b OEPA30BAHIH M AMTEPATYPbl BIj AflEKCAH/łPOBCKYSO 3nOXY ')•
BcTynaa na npecTOjn., HMnepaTop^ AneKcaHHpT. I oómbbjbb, aTO oht> SyneTT. cninoBaTi. no CTonaMt CBoea BejraKoi 6aÓKH, Eita- TepHHLi II." ^ Mctbhtojiłho: papcTBOBanie A-seKcaHHpa bo MnoraxT> OTHoineHiaxa. npe^CTaBaaeTca nposo-iiateHiejia. papcTBOBama EaaTepH-
hh, a pasHHMH, KOHeaHO, B3MiHeniaMH, KOTopna scerna Heas6imHO npnHOCHTł cb coóoio nporpeccHBHoe HBameme BpeMeHH. lip a Ane- KcaHflpi co3pijiH a npaaecaa hjiohbi Ti ciMena, KOTopna diiiiH^no- ciaHH npa EicaTepHHi. T i me Bacoitia p ia a a cTpeMaeHia kt. o6pa- 30BaHiio Hapo^a a BOHBopeniio bt. Poccia npaBflH a ryMaHHOCTH, ko- Topaa apecaisoBaaa bo BcixT cboext> yapea;,neHiaxB EKaTepaHa, óklib
raaBHHMa a pyKOBO.nBTeai.HHMH aneaMH a piaaMH npa BcixT> peijiop- MaxB AaeKcaHHpa. YcBoenie npocBiTHxeai.HHXB anea c|)Haococ{)iB a HHTepaTypH XYIII b., sanepmanHoe bt. nocaiHHie tohh papcTBOBama
EffiaTepHHH a npa aMn. IlaBJii, npa AjteitcaHHpi nponojimajiocL ct.
hobok) chjtok). Bt AETepaTypi Ha CMiHy yme ycTapiBmaro aojkho- KJraccaaecKaro HanpaB.lenia pa3BHJiocB noBoe caHTHMeHTajn>noe nanpa- Bneme;- no bt. Tome BpeMa em;e npoHOjrmajia cymecTBOBan., xoth bt. HBMiHemioMT. BH^i, a npemnia nanpaBJieHia— OHpBMonenacTHBecKoe ct. MaccaaecKHMT CTHJieMB a xapaKTepoMT>, MacTaKO-MaconcKoe a HapoHHO-pyccKoe.
>) O sapaKTept oópa30BaHia Hpii AjieKcan;i,pi; I CMOTp.: MaTepiajtH a-M KCTopm ofipaaoBaHia b i PoeciH b% papcTBOBaHie HMiiep. AaeKcaHHpa I. IKypH. Mhh. Hap. np. 1865—1866.—P t o Ha CTOJtiTiiein. joSHJiet lutnep. AaeiccaHApa I, aKaneiiHita M. II. CysoMMHOBa (CnÓ. 1877-3an. Han. Ak. EL t. XXXI).-OHepKT, jihhhocth
hocth EapaM3HHa, aicaseMHKa fl. K. Tpoia (CfiopH. 2-ro Ota. Ak. H. t. 1).—Oóiu,ecTBeH- Hoe HBHaceme npn AneKcaiiffpt I, A. H. IlnnaHa. Hba. 2-e, 1885.—CoHHHeHis K. H. EaTioniKOBa co CTaTiero o hchshh h coHraeuissa. K. H. BanomKOBa, HanneaHHOio A. H. MaSicoBHara, h npmliHaHisiMH, cocTaBaeHHHMH hjib ace a B. II- CamOBHMS, t. I - I I I Cn6. 1887.—CoHHHeHia h nepenucica n. A. ILieTHeBa, H3H. M. E. Tpotomt., h. 1-3.- Cn6. 1885.—lIoaHoe cofipaHie coHimeHii II. A. Ba3esicKaro, H3A. rp. niepeMeieBLiMB. Cn6. 1879, t. I-X I.
— 2 —
ITpocBim.eHie Hapojia, co^iacTBie ycafeaMT, HayKa, acKyccTBT.
h atiTeparypu 6jjje raaBiiwMn npeuMeTasa saCorrE a noneaeHia HMirep. EKaTepaHH; Toae caMoe mh BCTpinaeME a be flisaTenBHocTH aanep. AaeKcaHflpa, cb aepBHXE ^Hea ero papcTBOBama. Eipe npa EsaTe- pHHjfe H^CKOaBKO pa3B no^HHMaaca BOnpOCB o6-h OTEpuTia yHHBepCH- TeTOBB: o6% btomb pa3cyiK,a;a.ra be KoMłiaccia yjameiiis, o6e otomb
EKaTepana pa3cyjK,ii,a.!ra cb ^a.upo, EOTopna, keeb Btnne yica3aHO, HaaepTaaB flAK nea a naaHB yHHBepcHTeTOBB; bb EoMMaccia Hapon-
hhxb yaaaHipB 3aBaflOBCKHMB óhjie cocTaBaeHB iLsanB, bb KOTopoMB
npe^noJomeHO ółiao otkphtb Tpa yaaBepcHTeTa—bb IIcKOBis, Hep- naroBi a IleHsi. Ho yHaBepcaTeTaME cystern) f e io aBHTLca tojieko bb papcTBOBasie AaeKcaH^pa; bb caMOMB naaaai papcTBOBaHia, cb
lyHpea^emcMB MEHaeiepcTBa aaponHaro npocBimeaia, ó m a otkphth
yHHBepcHTeTH bb Ea3aaa, Xap&KOB$ a HeTepSypri; npeo6pa30BasH
Abijih yHHBepcHTeTH mockobckie, BHaeHCKifl a sepiiTCitii; ocaoBaao HicKOJibKO aapeeBB: ^eirajOBCKia bb HpocaaBai, napciioceatCKit, ofleccidft, H-ŁjEHHCKif; no Bcea Poccia npeAnoao®eHo 6hio otkphtb
raanasia, yjhflHMa ynajtaipa a npaxo,a:cEia m m m ; cocTaBJieaEi ho-
BHe ycTaBH p a Asa^eMia HayKE a Ana^eMia Xyflo®,ecTBB; BOBBpa- ipeHH cpescTBa kb cymecTBOBaaiio PoceiacKoa Asa^eMia, KOTopua 6hjh othath: y Hea IlaBaoMB I '),
n p a ocHOBaaia yaHBepcaTeTOBB Hea364®HO no-maa 6aa a ao- BTopaTBca Ta me acTopia, m k e a npa ontpEma AKa^enia HayKB:
a saa yHKBepCHTeTOBE, EaKB ^aa AKa^esaia, OKa3aaoci> HymHHME aa aepBHXB aopaxB BŁiaacHBaTB aaocxpaHHHXB apo^eccopoBB, noTOMy
kto CBoaxB ÓLiao em;e Maao. OTKpuBaa AKajeMiio HayKB, HeTpB B. flaa aparoTOBaeHia yieHuxE hsb pyccKHXB aio^ea ynpenajiB npa Ake- fleMia raMHa3iio a yaHBepcHTeTB; ho oth yape mierna, aaxorn;aBniiaca óoatnieio aacTiio bb saBp^HBama HHocTpaapeBB, co^epataaacB oaeaB Hedpeisao a yaeaBixB E3B pyccKaxB ^ocTaBiaaa cpaBaaieaBHO ae- MHoro 2); etfHHCTBCHHHH JHHBepCaTeTB, MOCKOBCItia, TaK?K6 Maao *)
*) H3BtcTH0, hto HMD. IlaBejiB I, BCitopls ho BCTytuieHiK CBoeMB Ha irpeciojrB, npeanaeKTa PocciiłcKoit AnajteMiit, KHJiriiHio J^anncoBy, cocaaaB in. coli/toy k .[m iinr.rB AKaafiBiijo ;j,0K0B;KLrx’f. cpeacTBx, a p.c.Tlyni 3a hho \rji inoifi a ea, HopoaasB irrHHaa-jie>Kaiiuiia eA aonra bb apyroe BiaoMCTBo; AnaneMiit npeaooiaBaaaocB coaepiEaTiea coSei-BeHHHHH opesoTBaaiH. Hmh. AseEciiHapi HOBeaiaB ciiosa ornycrcaTt na coaep- asaHie PoccuIckoh A Kaoi' o i u cyiriiy, imsHaHeHHyio eft BnaTepiiHoft, h aa.iB cpeji,CTBa 3.M nepecTpoiłicH ssania:, bb kotopomb noMiinaaacB ATcaaeMia. JamsoBa Tatianę finaa B03Bpani;eHa na npeiEHee m1>cto. Cm. PIjtł bb TopjKecTBeHHOMB coCpaniii AaaseMiH HayKB ho csyiaio ciojtŚTHaro io6iurea A.ieiccaHspa I, aKaseMHKa M. II. CvxoMJiiiHOBa. 3an. Ait. H. t. XXXI. 1877 r.
’) Cmotp. hhcbmo aKasestRKOBB OśepeĘtwBCKaro, PypteBa h CeBacTBHHOBa, no- saHHoe Hsn. A.ireKeaH3py bb 1301 r. cb npocBOoio o iiossepataHia aKasejfiraeciEaro
— 3
n ora flaTt hxł; bt. HeisT. h caMOMT. aeKpiH no MHoraHT. npesne- TaMi ^HTajraci. no aaTHHH n no HinepKH, 3a HeHMŚmeMT. pyccKHXT> npotfteccopoBT,. Kasi. h npn ocHOBama AKasełiin—nosHHMaaca TaK-me BonpocT., ne npemseBpeMeHHo aa OTEpuBaTt Bucinie pa3casHHKH Ha-
jk b, Eor^a eipe h4tt> caMaro raasnaro; ho oht. caura codoro n na- ^anB, noTOMy hto, BMicT^ ca. yHHBepcHTerraMH, OTupLiBanHCi. pa3HHH
cpesma a HHcniia mKoaH. Kana. dti to hh daao,— „Hobbih maHB Hapo^naro npocBiineHia bt. Poccia“, naneaaTanHHH BT>1803 r., d n at jBCTpiaeHi. ct. 9HTy3ia3MOMT>. Bt. 5-mt. .As BicraaKa EBponn KapaM-
3HHT. boCTop/KeHHO npraliTCTBOBaAT. ero cJiisyfon^HMH CJiosaMn: „IleTpT. B. yape^HJiB nepByio aKaseMiio bt, HarneMT, OTeaecTBi, EaacaBeTa
nepBHH yHHBepcHTeTi, BeaaEaa EKaTepnna roposcKis hikoah; ho
AieKcaHffpł, pa3MHO/Kaa yHHBepcHTeTh h rHMHasia, roBopuTT. eipe: ,na dysera cbIjTt. h bt, xH®HHaxT>, HoBaa BeaHitaa onoxa HaanHaeTca
othhhś bt. HCTopin HpaBCTBeHHaro odpaaoBania bt. Poccis, KOTopoe ecTt Kopera rocy^apcTBOHHaro Beanaia h de3T> KOToparo caraia dae- d am ia papcTBOBania duBaiOTT. toabko ahhhoio cjiaBOio MOHapxoBT, ne OTeaecTBa, He naposa. He osho iraposHoe caaBoaiooie . . . . Tep- nuTT. oti> He^ocTaTita bt. npocB^ipeniH, hIjtt., oht. niinaeTT. BcaKOMy
sMcTBiro 6.iaroTBopHHXT> HaMŚpemfi npaBHTeaa, Ha BcaitOMT, mary ocTaHaBJMBaeTT. ero, OTHHMaeTT. cany y bgahkhxt., MyflpuxT> 3aKOHOBT>, paat^aeTT. saoynoTpedaeHia, HecnpaBesaHBOCTH h oshhmt ciobomt He nosBoaaeTT. rocysapcTBy HacaamsaTBca BHyTpeHHHMT. odipHMT, daaro- jeHCTBieMT, KOTopoe osho soctoAho Obite piano hcthhho Bearaaro
t. e. sodposiTeaBHaro MOHapxa“. Ocodenno KapaH3HHT> yKa3HBaeTT na BafKHOCTb h Heodxo^HMOCTB ceaBCKHKT. hikoat. „yapeffi^eme ceaa-
ckhxt>hiko.it>, roBopura oht>, HecpaBHeHHO noae3Hr|je bc4xt, aapeeBT.,
dysyra hcthhhbimt. Hapo^HRMT. yapeamemeMT., HCTHHHHMT. OCHOBaHi- eM't rocyjtapcTBeHHaro iipocBiipenia. . . . M essy aiosbmh, KOTOpne yjrlsiOTT. toabko HHTaTt h iincaTi., h coBepnieHHO 6e3rpaMOTHiiMH ro-
pa3so doaie pa3CToania, neatean Messy HeyaeHHMH h nepBHMH ne- Ta<|)H3HKaMH bt. CBiTi. ilcTopia yaa HpescTasaaeTT. sBi 9hoxh: H30- dprŁxeHie dyKBT. h THnorpat|)ipt; scrŁ spyria dBiaa hxt. cai^CTBieMT.11. B'h odipecTBi HaaaaHCL óoraTHa no;KcpTBOBaHia na /i^aa Hapo^Haro npocBimema. IIpoTHTaBT. „IIaanT.% doraat ^gmhjobt. nojrepTEOBaiT.
bt. 1803 r. jio MHaaioHa pydaea seHBraMH, HMinieMT, (bt. 450 thcatt, pydaefi), dadaioTeKon h iricicoabKHMH itadHHeTaMH saa MocKOBCKaro yHHBepcHTeTa, ^aa dyji;yH],HXT> yHHBepcHTeTOBT. h aaa ocnoBaHia bhc- iuaro yaedHaro 3aBe^enia bt. flpoeaap.arfe (^eamsoBCKifi aapefi); ffpy- ro i doraaa., IHepeMeTeBT., bt. tomt. me rosy nomepTBOBaaT. so 2 ‘/ a amaaioHOBT. pydaefi sera ran a h HCSBaatHiiLiMT. HMyipecTBOMT. Ha
pa3-yHifBepcHTeTa u o upeofipasoBaiiiii Aitajeiiia HayK'i, B'i Hdopia PoceiftCKoit Aica^CMiK
31. H. CyxojiaHHOBa II, 361—367.
— 4 —
hhh ojiaroTBopMTejiLHHfl p ian ; ^BOpHHCTBo XapBEOBCEon rydepma.. no npH3HBy Kapasana, cfliaaao noatepxBOBame, bb 400 tjhchhb py-
daeS Ha 3aBe^eme XaprEOBCEaro yHHBep CHiexa. Ehjio MHoro h ,npy-
THXB HOJKepTBOBaHifi BB H0JIB3y yHHBepCHTeTOBB H flpyrHXB yae6HKIX'& 3aBe^eHiH, ebeobh noacepxBOBama Be36opo,a,Ea, rojrapnHa, EHarHHH
,HaniEOBOH h rpa<|)a H. II. PyMHHpeBa (noffieprBOBama H3^aHifi no ApeBHen pyccKon ncTopin n ^parop^HHaro My3ea, bm4ct4 cbaomomb
^aa Hero) ‘).
Yapeac^aa noBCio.ay Bticmia n Hncniia yraraipa, m nep. Aae- KcaH^pB nocToaHHO noEpoBHxe.iBciBOBa.iB bcśmb yaeHHMB n nncaxe- aaMB, noorppaaB hxb ynenyio n anxepaxypHyio fliaieaBHOCiB, Ha- rpajK^aa hxb xpyn;H, noMoraa hmb H3JtaBaxB hxb coraHema n /(aate
hśeoiopbkb npEdanasaiB eb cedi n noaB30Baaca hxb coBfoaMH. KapaM3HHB, nepBBiH n ayaniin nncaxeaB aaeEcaH^poBCEOn 9hoxh,
6m b caMBiMB npnOanałeHHBiMB aeaoB^EOMB n hcxbimb ^pyroMB hm- nep. AaeEcaąupa.
IlHHpiarHBa npocBixnxeaBHofi siaxeaBH0cxH BHxo^Haa oxb ca^- Moro rocyjapa, caMaa ate ^iaxeaBHOcxB cocpe,a;oxoaHBaaacB raaBHHMB o6pa30MB bb BBicnieMB apHcxoEpaxHaecEOMB odipecBBi. KpoMi 6aa- jEaflmaro eb rocynapio KpyjKEa, Eoiopni cocxaBaa.in h$ceo.ibeo H3^
b4cxhhxb hhpb: CxporaHOBB, HoBOCHABpeBB, EoayOen h HapiopmK-
ceih, hbbeoxopomb 3aaHHaaHCB n npHBOjiMHCB bb HcnoaHeme naana
bcI;xb pet{)opMB, 03HaMeH0BaBniHXB Haaaao papcBBOBama, H3BicxHO
MHoro ,npyrHXB jiepb, EoxopKa Obijih xaE®e nepe^OBBiim h SHaMftHH-
thmh ^4axeaaMH bb o6aacxH HpocBlsipeHia, EaEB-xo: 3aBa^OBCEif. nepBBif MHHHCxpB Hapo,a;Haro HpocB^mema, M. H. MypaBBeBB, none- HHieaB MocEOBCEaro yHHBepcHxexa, Mopsbhhobb, BoponpoBB, CeBe- pnHB-IIoxon,EiH, KapasHHB, ocHOBaxeaB XapBEOBCEaro yHHBepcnxexa, rpa<|»B C. II, PyMaHpeBB; h3bI3Cxho HicEoaBEO johobb h m p^jh e b
ceMeiciBB, EoxopiiH óhjih pempaMH, npHiarnBaBniHMH ebceói bc£xb.
oópa30BaHHBixB iio^ef, bb eoxophxb nayEa, HCEyccxBO h amepaiypa Haxo^MH Aaa ce6a nocxoaHHBin re n a n i npiioxB h Bcersanraee no-
EpoBHieaBCiBO. TaEOBH d a ra ceMenciBa TypreHeBBixB, MypaBBeBHXB H OaeHHHBIXB. II.
II. 11. Typieueez (1752— 1807) npHHa^aeafaaB eb MacoHCEOMy odipecrBy h 6bmb o^hhmb H3B ffŁaxeaBHitniHXB aaenoBB Hobheob- CEaro EpyatKa. Ero hmh npe®^e Bcero ynoMHHaeica bb (5iorpa<J)i® KapaM3HHa, Eoioparo ohb yBe3B H3B pa3cŁaHHaro CBiiCEaro odipe- cxBa bb CHMÓnpcEŚ bb MocEBy, yOi^naB 3anaxtca anxepaxypofl n BBeaB ero bb o6m;ecxBO HoBHEOBa. Cocxoa nicEoaBEO j4xb ^npeEio- poMB MocEOBCEaro yHHBepcHxexa (1797— 1803), ohb BOcnHiaaB mho
5 —
sKecTBO noae3HiixB fl§KTejief, KOTopsie bcio ®b3hb noaaTana ero KaitB
po^Haro oTpa. y H. II. TypreHeBa óriao aeiBipe ciina, rsb eobxb
ocoOemiyio hsbIcthoctl npioópśaB, EaEB MepeHaTB aayEB a acEycTBB, Ajiencaudpz Heauoemz Typieueez (po,3;. 1784). IjmIctI cb ópaTOMB
CBOHMB AH^peeMB IlBaHOBHBeMB OH'L BOCUHTHBajICa BB IeTTanreH-
ckomb yHHBepcHTeTi, noayaaaB oóinapHoe o6pa30Bame h flonro ay-
BeniecTBOBaaB no EBponis, jua coćapama Maxepia.iOBB no ac-ropia Poccia bb aHOCTpaHHHXB apxHBaxB a 6a6aioTeEaxB. Bo BpeMa cBoea
cayaróti bb pa3HHXB ^;oaatHOCTaxB (ohb cayacaaB npa CTaTCB-ceape-
Tapi HoBOCHJirneBl a bb EOMMaccia no coCTaBaemio 3aKonoBB, 6m b
aaenoMB a cespeTapeMB BaOaeacEaro o6ia;ecTBa, a Tasate óhjib aaeHOMB
ofopecTBa apsairaccEaro), ohb Haxo^aaca bb canaxB t15Chhxb CHOinem-
axB noBTH co bcŁmh ayamaMa nacaTeaaMa nepBoa noaOBBHH XIX b. a bcŁmb bmb OEa3HBaaB noMOiip. KapaM3HHy ohb nOMoranB npa co6a-
pama acTOBHHEOBB p a IIcTopia rocy^apcTBa pocciacEaro; ffiyEOB- CEia dnaB moro o6a3aHB eMy bb ynpoaema csoero BH^niHaro no-
aoateHia. YnacrieMB a noEpoBBTeatCTBOMB TypreHeBa noatsoBaaacB BaTioaiEOBB, BoefetOBB, Ko3aoBB, MaaoHOBB a A. C. IlyniEHHB, eo-
Toparo ohb onpe^aaaB bb IlapcEO-ceaBCEia aapefi a EOToparo no-
TOMB HOXOpOHaaB BB CBHTOrOpCEOMB MOHaCTHpE Bb 6aa3EHXB OT-
HomemaxB eb TypreHeBy Haxo,aaaca eipe II. A. HaerneBB, eotophh:
bhcoeo nlHHJiB ero 3acayra no cooapamio MaTepiaaoBB j\;aa acTopia
Poccia.
M u x a u j i z H u K u m m z M y p a e z e e z (1757— 1807), OTepB h3b15Ct-
hhxb ^eEaópaCTOBB, Hhehth b AaeEcanjpa MypaBteBHXB, óheb
HacTaBHHEOMB aianep. AaeEcanupa a BeaaEaro ehhbh KoHCTaHTHHa, noneaaTeaeMB MocEOBCEaro yHHBepcnTeTa a TOBapaipeMB MBHHCTpa napo^aaro npocBismema. Baarojapa ero 3aÓ0TaaB0CTa, npa Moceob-
ceomb yiiarepcaTerf ótuo otephto HicEoatEO oOajecTBB: oóajecTBO
acTopia a jtpeBHOCTea pocciacehxb, odnjecTBO acanTaTenei npapo^n, oOipecTBO copeBHOBama mpanaHCEBEB a <|>a3H<iecEHXB HayEB. J(omb
ero óemb otephtb .aaa bcŁxb yaeHHXB a o6pa30BaHHHXB aio^ea, eo-
TopriMB ohb osasiiBaaB Bcasyio noMoap; bb ero jom4 a no^B ero OaasaaniHMB pyEOBOflCTBOMB BOCnaTiiBaaca BarioniEOBB; ohb acnpo- caaB y rocysapa 3Banie pocciacEaro acTopiorpa<|)a KapaMsany, eo- -ropna bb nocai^CTBia, bb Oaaroflapayio naMaTi. 0 neMB, as^aaB ero coaaHeme no^B 3araaBieHB „OnuTH acTopia, caoBecHOCTa a npaBo- yaeHia“ (bb ^ByxB aacTaxB). /(Boropo^HBia dpaTB M. H. MypaBBeBa,
M e a m M a m e m e m s M y p a e z e e z - A n o c m o M (1768 — 1851) nepBoe
oópa30Bame noayaaaB bb HliienEOMB naHcioni, a saKOiianaB ero bb
TepMama, rfli ohb no3HaEOMaaca cb EaHTOMB a KaonraTOEOMB, no- tomb cayataaB bb pa3HHXB MrIcTaxB, npa MacciaxB a nocoatCTBaxB
— 6 —
3a rpaHHpen, HaKOHepB óbuib cenaTopoMB h ajreHOMB r.iaBnaro npa- BJtenia yaHraipt. EysyaH oOpasoBaHHMniHMB nejroBliKOMB CBoero Bpe- Mernij ohb 3anHMajtca JiBTepaTypoH, nepeBeat „Oó.iiaEa“ ApneroifiaHa,
„IIlKoay 3aocjioBia“ IHepHsana, HanHcaiB „IlyTeinecTBie no TaBp0jrŁ“
h „IlncBMa H3B Mockbbi bb HoBroposB1', HaneaaTaHHBia bb C tm i OTeaecTBa (1813— 1815) *), BectMa HHTepecHiia piia xapaKTepHCTHKH MOCKOBCEaro odpaaoBaHHaro ofiipecTBa, yOŁiKasniaro otb HarioAeoHa 03b Mockbbi bb Hnamif. 3aM'iTHMB eipe, eto chhb Hsana MaiBF-
eB0aa OKa3ajica bb ihcjtŁ seKaOpncTOBB h 6h.ib k03hghb "). Ajiencwil EuKOAaeeuud Ojieuum 6ujib apxeoaorB, nioOHTeJiB xysoJKecTBB 0 caMB
3a00Ma.ica pncoBaHieMB h rpaBHpoBanieMB. Ohbmhoto cosificTBOBaaB ycnfeaMB pyccK0XB xy^o®HHKOBB; bb ero rocTenpinMHOMB komF coóapaaHCB bcF pyccEie TajraHTtr Toro BpeMenn: 03epoBB, Fh-Łsebb,
MypaBBeBB-AnocTO-iiB, YBapoBB, Boctoeobb 0 sp. Ciosa oSnKHOBeHHO np0HOC0.i0CB bcŁ hobocth, yaenBia 0 .iHTepaTypHEia, H.sBicTia o ho-
bbixb KH0raxB, hobbixb CT0xoTBopeHiaxB, TeaxpajiBHHXB npescTaBae- niaxB e npoa. 3sFcb 03epoBB bb 1804 r. bb nepBBiH pasB 00Ta.iB CBoero „3s0na“, 3sFcb ate noinmeHO 6bho 03HaiaeH0BaTB Topaie-
ctbo OsepoBa, no cayaaio nepBaro npescTaB-ieHia ero Tparesin, bh- OnTieMB Mesa.30 fl). Gth coOpania bb somF OiieHHHa BecBMa Mnoro o?K0Baaaa ero yłraaa h oOpaaoBaHHaa cynpyra, ypoaiseHHas IIoaTa- papKaa.
Eh h e ®eHCKie aETepaTypHBie caaoHH, eocTaBjraBiniaca Bipo-
aTHO no nospasianiio (ftpanpyscEEMB aceHCKHMB caaoHaMB BTopon no.no-
behbi XYIII b.; TaitOBBi Hanp. 6bme rocTBHHua IIpacKOBB0 M0xan-
jiobhbi HejoboI 0 Ahhh IleTpoBHR KBaniHBHOH-CaMapKEof; hojb
0Xb BałaHieMB, MeiEsy nponHMB, BOCii0THBaaca BarioinKOBB. Kpoiii
ynoMaHyTBiXB anpB Olmh kohciho 0 spyria .rapa, cnocoócTBOBaBniia
pacnpocTpaHeHiio o6pa30BaHia bb 9Ty onoxy. ^MHTpieBB bb cbohxb
3an0CEaxB yitasBiBaeTB Ha Gesopa BacHaBesnaa Ko3iaTeBa, y koto-
paro Oma OoaBinaa (JipaHpy3CKas OnOnioTesa CTapBixB 0 hobbixb
nHcaiejieH, Ha somb ILieipeeBBixB (AaeEcia AaeKcaHspoBaaa h
Ha-CTaCBH HBaHOBHBl), BB EOTOpOMB HaXOS0JI0 OCOdeHHOe
nOEpOBHTeJIB-ctbo ohb h KapaM3HHB, HanHcaBinifi kb hhmb cboh „HncBMa pyc-
CKaro nyTeinecTBeHHHsa", h Ha somb KHa3a A. H. Ba3eMCKaro, rsli cxoshjihcb o5pa30BaHHBie Moaossie mopn, h3bkotophxbhotomb o6pa- 30Ba.ioci. Ap3aMaccKoe odipecTBO 4).
HanpaBaeme bb 0(5pa30BaHiH Objjio iHOepaaBHoe. CaMBrocysapB *) llepene^aiaHH bs Pyc.CK. ApiHBi 1876, kh. 3. CoaepataHie nx'i HaaojKeHO
b i Hct. pyccE. cjiob. TajiaxoBa, II, 276—282'
2) C.MOTp. y MaiKOBa: Co^HHeHia EaiioniKOBa II, 411—417; y PajiaxoBa b i. Hct. pyccK. MOBecHocTH II, 276—281.
8) CMOTp. y MaftrcoBa: CoiiiHeHia EammEOBa I, 48—54. 4) Banrafli na mok hch3hł H. II. JlanurpieBa 47—51; 78.
JUOÓEMHH BHyKB nOKAOHHEĘH BOJIŁTepa, EHIiep. EKaTepHHBT, Cm i.
BocnHTaHHHEOMi. pecnySaaKaaipa, niseapappa Jlarapna, kotophh uo-
3HaK0MaaB eipe bb mojto^octm cbocbo yaeHHKa co Bcfena a,a;eaMB (Jmaoco^ia a jiHTepaTypa XYIII b. YmmaHyTHe BBtine aio^a, OKpy- ffiaBinie rocy^apa a CToaBinie bo raaBi rocy^apCTBeHHaro ynpaBaema,
óbmh BOCnHTaHti ein,e npa EEaTepaHrŁ a Tarae na coaaHeHiaxB toh ate cjmaoco^ia h jiHTepaTypH. Ppa<{)B II. A. CiporaHOBB 6btib BOcnniaH- hbkomb (JipaHpysa PoMMa, opioro bbb aEodaHpeBB '); rpa<|>B Koayóea BocnaTEiBajica bb SłeHeBi a HohuohIs, nosHaKOMaaca cbho.ieth- aecKHMa HaysaMa; rpa({jB HoBOCaaBpeBB aeiBipe ro^a ®hjib bb AHraia m HsyaaaB Tasate aHraiacKia noaaTaaecEia yapejK,neHia. BbsomF My- paBteBHZB b o c n a t a t e a e mb jliTeił ohhb niBefipapepB, HROÓHHenj, Eferpa. Bb aomF CaiTHKOBHXB rysepHepoMB Oelib posHoa dpaTB MapaTa,
KOTOpHH ÓHJIB H3BliCTeHB HOTOMB HO^B HMCHCliB ByapH H CB 3THHB
HMCHeMB c.nFaaaca npenosaBaTeaeMB <|>paEpy3CE0B cjiobcchocth bb
papcKocejiBCKOMB aapels a 6m b ymieaeMB IlyniKEHa * 2). Boodipe
otd;h h o6ui,ecTBCHHHXB jiaTeaea a HacaTeaea aacKcasapoBCKoa 8hoxh noayaaaa HHOCTpasHoe oópasoBanie h aiodaaa y ceda AOMa cocTaBJiaTB dadaioTCKa eho CTpaHHEixB, npeHMyipecTBeHHO (J>paHn;y3-
cehxb nacaTeaea, KOTopaa hotomb cayacnaa hctohbhkomb oópa30Ba- Hia .pca hxb ^'liTea h snyKOBB. TaKB, y oipa BaTioniEOBa, noKaoH- HHKa (fiaaococliia XVIII b., dtiaa doatmaa dadaioTCKa, KOTopaa a nocayamaa odpasosamio ero CHHa. Ya<acŁr (fipaiipyscKOH peBoafopia, HanyraBinie bcio EBpony, dpocaaa Mpaanyio tśhb na HHOCTpaHHOe odpasoBanie, Ea ({ipaHnyscKyio (jiaaocotpio a aaTepaiypy; imorie ne
toabeo nepecTaaH yBaeuaTLca hmh, ho h fli-ia-iacŁ hxb npecaEuoBa- TejtaMH. Knara Pa^HipeBa „IlyTeiuecTBie H3B IleTepdypra bb MocKBy®, EaEB caMtiH oca3aTejn.HiaH npHttipB Toro cajiŁHaro Baiama, EaKoe npoHSBOAHaa Ha pyccEHXB odpa30BaHHnxB jnoflet (^paHpyscKaa (|)a- jioco<J>ia, noflBepraacB ocyasflemio, bmFctIj cb ea aBTopoMB, dana
3anpeipeHa h H3BaTa H3B ynoTpeÓjrema. Ho Eorsa apornaa peBoaio- pioHHaa rpo3a, yBaateHie kb (|)paHn;y3CK0H ({)HXOco(f)i0 h HHOCTpaHHOH
aHTepaTyp^ aBHaoct CHOBa h ocodeHHO ycHanaocŁ bb HaaaaF papcT- BOBaHia AaeEcana,pa. Bb codpaHiaxB „BoatHaro odipecTBa aiodHTeaeS caoBecHOcra, HayEB a xysoatecTBB“, ocnoBaHnaro bb 1801 r. ^aa pacnpocTpaHema HOBaro, EapaM3HHCKaro aaiepaTypnaro HanpaBaeHia, HiłTa.iiaci) aepeBO^H H3B BeEEapia, $aaaHatiepa, Madaa, PelHaaa, Boatsea a ^;pyraxB ectopbkobb a nydaapacTOBB XVIII b., Ha koto- Phxb BOcaaTaaca Pa^ameBB a KOTopsie ^aaa co^epiKaHie ero KHari.
Bb cdopHEEi 9Toro oómecTBa, bb „CbhtkF My3B“ 1803 r. H3^axe- aaMw ero dnao 3aaBaeH0 ropaaee coayBCTBie kb Pa^arpeBy, a bb
’) 06^ 9I0M'L POMMi CII. CTaTŁIO Bi PYCCKOSli ApXHBt 1887 r. kh. 1. 2) Cm. y Hunaiia: 06m„ ABHac. npH A.neKcanspt I, 2-e H3fl. cip. 75.
8
CŚBepHOMB JMjcthhki 1805 r. 6um ^a*e HanciaiaHa pi^aa raaBa
hsb ero „IIyTemecTBia“, „Kjihhb", nopa aaraaBieitB: „Otphboeb
H3B (JysrarB ogHoro pocciaHHHa"; npa otomb H3,naTe,TaMH npacoBOEyn-
Jteao oluio cjrisyioipee npHM^aame: „ HaTaTeaa HafipyTB bb cena coaaHeHia He aacTOTy pyccKaro astiKa, ho ayBCTBHTeatHEia MlscTa. KapaTe-is cm4k>tb Ha^iaTaca, aro tIshh ycomnaro aBTopa nepBoe óyneTB npoipeHO pa^a nocai^Haro4' *). HtoOh pacnpocTpaHHTB bb
pyccKOMH ofópecTBi rocno,ncTBOBaBHiia bboto BpeMa bb EBponi n^ea
oob ycrpoHCTBi rocy^apcTBa a rocy.rapctbchhomb yupaB-ienia, namaa
htjkhhmh nepeBecTa Ha pyccKif a3MKB bhojih^ raaBHiia noaaTHae-
CEia a noaaTHKO-OKOHOMHaecEia coaaHema, KaKOBH: „PascyiKpeme o npecTynaeHiaxrE a HaKa3aHiaxa“ BeEEapia (nepeB. bb 1803), „Pa3- cyacpeme o rpaffi^aHCKOMB a yroiOBHOMB 3aEOHonoaoaceHia“ BenTaMa (1805— 1811), „O cymecTBi 3aE0H0Ba“ MoaTecEte (1814 r.), „Hs- cai^OBaHie cbohctbb a npaaaHB OoraTCTBa HapojoBB11 A^ana Cmete
(1803— 1806), nIIoaBTEaecEaa OKOHOMia, aaa o rocysapcTBeHHOMB xo- 3hhctb4 “ Beppa (bb 1810). CaMHMB npaBHTeaBCTBOMB onaTB hoshhtb
6bub BonpocB o6b ocBo6oat^eHia EpecTBaHB, a aBaaocB hIsckojbeo coaa- Hemfi oobotomb apeflMeTi (Pa3cyjEji;eHie Aąnpea EaacapoBa—Disserta- tio.... de manumittendis per Russiam servis. Grottingae. 1806). Haso- Hepa bb 1809 r. HaaaaacB pa3Hara pe<()opMH no aacTa BHyTpeHHaro rocy- .ĘapcTBeHHaro ynpaBaenia, raaBHHMB p-feaTeaeMB eotophxb 6łmb Cne-
paHCicia.
TasaMB oGpasoMB bb papcTBOBame AjiCKcan.upa nposoasKaaocb
ycBoeHie a^ea ^aaoco^ia a aarepaTypn XYIII b., ho HajoÓao 3aMi-
thtb, hto oto ycBoeHie hm£xo ppyroa xapaETepB, h4mb bb papeTBO-
Bame EsaTepanH. lipa EKarepani oho hmIsjio xapasTepa KOHcep-
BaTHBHO-OKaeETaaecKia. „Mofi ,p;bh3b, roBopaaa ona, iiaeaa, EOTopaa, aeiaa cb pacTeHia na pacieme, codapaeTB Me^B ^aa CBoero yaaa,
a Ha^nacb: noae3Hoe“. HpaMljHaa kb pyccEoa ,jkh3hb aaea hoboh
HayEa a aarepaTypn, OHa BHÓapaaa tojibko cym;ecTBeHHO-Heo6xo^HMoe
a ae EacaaacB hh ochobbi cyipecTByiomaro rocyjapcTBeHaaro CTpoa,
hh H3^aBHa ycTaHOBHBHiaxca <()opMB HapoflHoa hłhshh, a casia, pa^OMB
cb H3yaemeMB eBponeacEOf Haysa a aaTepaTypu, B3yaa.ia a ^py-
raxB B036y®^aaa kb H3yaeHifO pyccEoa acTopia a Hapo^Hoa noo3ia.
06pa3epa TaEoro OTHoateHia ea eb eBponeacKoa Hayslj a pyccKofi
napoanocTE npeacraBaaeTB a ea „Haita3B“. TaEaxB ace B033piHia flepataaacB a Bca aaTepaiypa EKaTepaHEHCKOa onoxa, npoBO^HB- niaa bbcbohxb coaaHemaxB a^ea „HaKa3a“. Ho bb spyroMB cobc^mb
HaripaBaema ^iacTBOBaaa AaeKcaHjpB a ero CHOflBaatHBKa; BBO^a pasana pe(()opjm, ohh y®e He xotśxh sepmaTBca yEa3aHHaro eoh-
cepBaTHBHaro nanpaBaeHia.
11'Łtb coHHŚaia, hto HHOCTpaHHoe BocnaiaH ie, ho^b
— 9
ctbombhhoctpaKHLixrL yazTeaeM, no coiHHeHiaMt e sp o n e a c E o t H ayzz h
a z ie p a T y p n , npzHOCzao óoaBHiyio noiB 3y ,p:h o6m,aro pasBZTia p y c - 1 CKHXB HIOSeH, HO CB s p y r o i CTOpOHH HeaB3H OTpHD,aTB H Toro, HTO OHO ó n a o H Bpc^Ho,— noTOMY hto coBepmeHHO OTsaaaao z x b otb
pyCCKOH JKH3HZ H COflMcTBOBajIO pa3BHTilO TOrO KOCMOHOHHTHSMa, jioTOj)i*iii, HaaaBHiHCB iip eźku' , ocooohho y c z a z a c a bb papcTBOBanie AaeKcaHSpa. Hb bIjctho, hto caMoro A aeK caąupa coBpeMeHHHKH, a
hotom-B H hotomkh yHpeKaaz „bb He^ocTaTKi Hapo^Haro^HyBCTBa h
xh)6bh KB P o c c iz , atHBaro c03Hama HyjKflB z noTpeÓHOCTez p y c c z a r o H apo#a“ , h yEa3HBaaH Ha to, hto bb ero hozhthkIj OTBaeaeHHua cooópaHtema KOCMonozzTHaecKaro CBoiłCTBa aacTO osepzczB aaz BepxB HaflB npaMHMH H CyJUeCTBCHIIBIMH HOTpefDHOCTHMH PocciH H ETO flaJKe
b b cpefljfe caMOH 6xz3koz kł Heiiy h caMOH BziaTeaBHOz noaBaaazcb z a o r z ą zu p a, JKeaaBnria sMcTBOBaiB BonpeKH HHTepecaMB P o c c ia z
b b hbhiiz ymepÓB pyccKOMy nap osy. H 3b pyccKHXB z io s e z bhxoszxz
JJJOJH CB BEICOKHMH CTpCMX O H i H M Z Z odlHHpHHMH n03HaHiaMH, KOTOpHMH
ohh aacTO ysHBzazz zHOCTpaHpeBB; hooth ziosz so Toro daaroroBŚaz
npe^B sanasHOfi Haynofi z KyzBTypoz, ztoyozosho z cb npeneópeate-
nieMB oTHOCzazcb kb CBoez HaposHOCTZ, kbposHOMy H3HKy z OTeae-
CTBeHHOz zcTopiz. Mh yKa3aaz Burne na ceMezcTBa TypreHeBHXB z
MypaBBeBHXB, kzkb na raaBHue peHTpn oópa30Bama bb azeKcaHppoB-
•CKyio anoxy, ho H3B 9tzxb ate ceMeiCTBB bhxo,h;hzh z seKaópzcTH.
Moslho CKa3aTŁ, zto noaTz bc£ odpa30BaHHne arosz Konpa X V III z
Haaaaa X IX b., sasse t!s, KOTopne csiszaazcB h3bI>cthbimh bb zcTopiz
KaKB ropaaie zaTpioTii z 3amzTHZKz pyccKOt zapojnocTz, CHaaaaa yBaeKaazcB KOCMonoazTzaecKHMH ayBCTBaMz. „ B c i raźnia iepesriasH
o6b z3MiHeziz pycczaro xapaKTepa, o noTepi pyccitoz npaBCTBeHHOz <J>zsiorHOMiz c y n . He aTO znoe, KaKB myrita, zaz npozcxo,ii;HTB otb
He^ocTaTKa bb ocHOBaTea&HOMB pasMHHiaeHiz... B c e H apospoe
HzaTO nepept aeaoBiaecKHMB. PaaBHoe s^ao 6htb zkpbmh, a ne caaBanaMZ. Bto xoponio saa zioses:, to ne MoateTB 6htb sypHo sza PYCCKZxb; zto anrazaaHe zaz hIsmph zsodpizz sza noxB3Bi z Bnro.pi
aeaoB^Ka, to Moe, zóo a aezoBiKB" nzcaaB bb 1790 r. H3B IlapzjKa BB PocciH) KapaM3HHB, TOTB CaMŁIH KapaM3HHB, KOTOpHH BCIiOpŚ ąBzaca caMHMB ropaazMB HapoffHHMB naTpioTOMB, KOTopaz cossazB „IICTopiio rocysapcTBa poccizcKaro“ z 9toz zcTopief npoSyszaB bb
pyccKOMB oóipecTBi ayBCTBO napo^nocTz. Bb cTpacraoMB, KHOHie-
ckomb yBaeaeHiz zopaszBHief ero eBponezcKoi pHBzazsapieH, KapaM-
3hhb (ezy 6uao Tor^a ToatKO 23 rosa) eipe He saziaaaB, zto
HaposHOCTB ecTb He aio HHoe, KaKB ToatKo zHSZBzsyaabHaa <|>opja;a oOrąeaeaoBiaecKaro syxa, hto aeaoBŚaecKoe ne MoaeTB cym,ecTBOBaTB 6e3B napojHaro, kzkb Heo6xoszMoz $opMH, bb kotopoz oho BHpa- ataeTca; hto caMo aeaoBiaecTBó cyipecTByeTB ToaBKO bb z se i, a bb
— 10 —
pyccKie, a noTOMy, uto^h <5bitb nenoBisitoME h eayaiHTB nejioBijnecTBy,,
HenpeM^HH© HapofiHO npaHapjie»-aiB ke saEOMy HHCypB Bapopy, a KOHeaHO^Kł TOMy Hapopy, oOipecTBy, cpepi, eotophme mh o6a3aHH CBOHMB ÓHTieMB, H CE EOTOpHME MHT&CHO CBasaHH B'ŁpOK>, Ba-KOHaMH,. npaBaMH h odHaaaMH.
Tpa^B SaBa^oBCKifl be 1800 r. naeaai, ee A. P. BopoH- poBy: „Ejkmb He Bci, to opHaitome MEoria npoóiaiajiE a naniH hc-
Topin: xaoci> He oaHmeHHBiH otejijkhh HeBiatecTBa. Ctosteophh HMeHa
h nacja, a nponee Bce 3aBaaeH0 rpyfiHME cjocme. ... IlHinyipHMB stonasaMT He cnopajra MOHacTtipcKia ctIjhh, a MipE jienioBipHHH, HOTOMy bto He npocBiipeHHHf, BcaKyio BcannHy njmHHMajiE 3a HCTHHy, aito HCxopaiH,yio ote cbbthhh. Chme oOpasoME, a nojiaraio, cocTaBHaaet neiopia Hanien ppesnocTH, Ha icoTopyio no nycTOMy ycTpeMaaeME nanie .uoOohhtctbo. HecTopE nepBHl nocTyiiME bo
TBMy HeodEaTHyio, ho ero (Jase-iiE ocbIsthje aa iiaME ropasoaTE?
Be (5e3pHl3 pbebxe HapopoBE, npenHpaBiHHxca MeiKpy coOorOj epBa
BapeHE Pocce. Beio noaocy po papcTBa Ioanaa BacajBCBana pojdkho
OTKHHyTB in loca imaginaria, itaKOBBi no.iara.iHCB, npearpe hIime BHaaa
<|)H3HEy, sa npepHiaMa 3eMHoa c^epn. Ho a cia oaoxa nepeMinnaaa
hopoOhbime MpaEOME, saEOBHME oOesth inHpoEie nanycEH ote Karaa,
ote HrarHCEaHa h ote BipyioigHEE be Maroneia. noTOMy acTopia
Hania Beerpa CtypeTE pna BHTaTeaa CEynEa, ecna nepnaTB onyio xoaeME rjydace, a He ote BpeMenE IleTpa B. . fljia npocBiipaioiparoca s in a npiaTHie nesicTB ote Hana.aa npocB^ipeHia hote hmgbh BHHOBHHEa OHaro.— Korpa th 3aHHMaeiiiBca nayTapxoME, to cpaBHH yME b capy ero H3paatemH npoTHBE cbbthxe h MipcEHXE HamaxE nacaTe.iea, u
yBnpHiHB bch) aeajEyio OśpnocTB chxe noc.i,£pHHXE. Ho Moeny iiHiniio,
tojbeo Ta HCTopia a npiaTaa h nopesna, EOTopyio m h ({m.aoco<|)Ei,
hjih hojhtheh nacapa. Ho eiye nauiu naynu u uamz H3biKs euęe ue
docmuiuyjm do moio, mo u Mjuiue noM3oeambCH uy3KUM.z xmz6omz, HtbMZ tpbi3mb ceou cyxapu co po/caeuuuow. Korpa nprfcpeaiB be MocEBy,. a p an u a MHi EaTaaorE npopaiKHHXE t|)paHn;y3CEBXE ehhte“. Cor.ua- maacB, bto h be ppeBHeME nepiopi HameS HCTopin 6h.ih BaatHHB upoHCUiecTBia, ebee Hanp. be papcTBOBame IoaHna rp o3Haro, ohb
opHaEO ate, no noBopy HcToprn II],ep6aTOBa, bobophte, eto bcio ary ppeBHioio ncTopiio MoatHo noMicTHTB na ophoh CTpaHHpi: „nkcaTenio
npocBŚipeHHOMy poBoaBH© Ohjio 6h opnoi CTpaHHpn, nmoÓu nemu
6cn> Mamepiajiu na epeuena do Hempa I dMncmumb ez onyw. Ho- eipe He nepeBejracE, h He tbee CEopo npefipyTE jnofinTean EnarE 3a-
TOPigHHy ohhxe. BnponeME, ppeBHia Hanana bcŁee rocypapcTBE cyiE TeMHaa hobb,. EOTopyio a npocHnaio 6e3E CEasoEE a óe3E chobh- pfeifi, yd^pHBinHeB betome BceMipnoio ncTopieio14 l). Tasia bhxopkh
— II.
npoTHBt jipeBHea OTeaecTBeeHoa acTopia h speBHepyecEaro a caaBaff-
CKaro 33HK0BK, bhxoaeh coBepmeHHO HenoHHTHtia hhhI;, Moryrt 6htb oSiacHensi EMemio tojilko tBmk kocmo no a ht as momk Bucmaro
o6pa30BaHHaro oóipećTBa, KOToptifl pa3BHJiea nosi B-riameMK eho-
CTpaHHaro BOcnaTama a KOToptia sacTaBaaerB 0CT.aB.iaTt bt> npeHedpe-
atema Bce OTenecTBemioe. OTeaecTBenHoe Ka3aaoct sa®e noTOMy, hto oho asflaBHO 6imo saópoineno, ne pa3pa6oiaHO a npeBpaTMOCt bk
cyxapa co pffiaBHBHOi. 3aBa^0BCKit cbmk roBopaTK, hto HaaaTKa
acTopia a npocB^ipeHia y itaffi^aro Hapo^a CtreaioTK CKyflHH, hto h
caMtie daecTarpie h ^parop^HHtie KaMHH ótiBaiOTK noaptiTH Kopofi
a CMinianti ck rpa3tio a tojibeo orameHHtie a o^iaaHHHe hb.ihiotch
BT> HaCTOameMT. CB06MK BHflił.
Tasia ate B033pinia Ha pyccsyio CTapHHy hapcbhioio pyccsyio ecto- pifO BCKOpi BHCKa3aHH Sm h H09T0MK BaTKHHKGBHMK. Bk 1809 T. OHK nacajiK ek spyry csocMy rfffcflaay: „HIjtk, hcbosmohieo aaTaTt pyc-
ckoh acTopia xaajiHOKpoBHO t. e. ck pa3cy, semeni eMK. SI cto pa3K npaHHMaaca: Bce paBHO. Ohh siaaeTca HHTepecHoi tohbko co Bpe- MenK IleTpa B. . IIo^hbhcł, no^aBamca MeaKHMK aioflaMK,. KOTOpne
poroTca bt> 9toh hmjih; HHTat pHMCKYiOj a a ia ! rpeaęcKyro acTopiio,
a cep,111,0 ayBCTByeTK, a pasyMK Haxo^HTK naipy. HaTaa acTopiio cpej;HHXK bIjkobk, HBTaS óacHE, „tojkb, HOBiatecTBO HaniaxK npaoTpeBK,
HHTaa Ha64ra noaOBpeBK, TaiapK, JIbtbh a npoa., a ecaa KHara ne BHua^eTK H3K pyKK tbohxk, to a CKaacy: ana th BeaaKia, aa a Mea-
Kia aeaoB^KK; h4tk cepe^aHti! Beansia, afk) bejhihb, HyBCTByenit to, nero a ae Barny, Mejraia, a6o saHHMaenrtca nycTaKaMH. . . . Otk os- Horo caoBa pyccirie, He KCTaTa yuoTpefoieHHaro, y Mena cep^pe He Ha MicTi. . . raaHK.a HastiBaeTK cboh Bncmnum pyccnuim, KaitK
6y^T0 HHineTK bk KaTa-Ł jaa MaccioHepoBK, aaa neKHHCKaro apxHMan-
^paTa. ,3j)yrie, a hxk tetchhh, atyaiacaTK, HanienTUBaioTK: pyccitoe, pyccffioe, pyccEoe.. . . a a HOTepa-iK BOBCe Tepnime". Bk 1816 r., no noBO^y pa3cyatiema KaaeHOBCEaro o caaBaHCKOMK a bk ocoóeHnocTa pepKOBHOMK asRKŚ, BaTioniKOBK kk TOMyate B a r a n y nacanK: , H f c , HHKorjia a He hmIs-ik tekoS HeHaBHCTa ek 9T0My MaH^apanCKOMy, paÓ- CEOMy, TaTapcKO-caaBeHCEOMy a3HKy, KasK Tenept. HŁmk 6oaie BHEKaio bk asHKK HaniK, Hj&mk óojrfee naniy a pasMunuraio, t^mk 6oalie y^o- CTOBipaiocŁ, hto a.jtiKK HaniK ne TepnaTK caaBaHH3M0BK. Koraa nepeBeAyTK cb. linearne Ha h3bikk aeaoBiaecKia? ^afi, Boate! ateaaio
9Toro“!...Bk 1811 r. ohk nacaaK ek BH^any: n O^rainafllre, Ha
hto a HanaHaio cep^HTtca? na hto? Ha pyccEin a3HKK a na HamaxK nacaTeaea, EOTopne ck hhmk HeMaaocep^ao noeTynaioTK.. II hshek to chmk no cefli iuoxonaTK, rpyfieeeKK, naxHeTK TaiapmaHoa. xIto
3a u, hto 3a ufi hto 3a m, miii, ut,hl, npu, mpu? O BapBapti! A
nacaTeaa? Ho Botk ck hhmh! H3bhhh, hto a cepatyct Ha pyccKin: Hapo^K a ero naplme. H ciio. MariyTy aaTaaK ApiocTa, ^tiuia.iK.
— 12 —
hhcteimbB03,a;yxoMrB #aopeHii;iH, Hacaaacnaaca MysHKaabHHMH 3ByicaMH
aB30HifiCKaro asnaa h roBopnaB ca, t ś m m h ^ama, Tacca h caano-
CTHaro IleTpapKa, h»ł ycra KOToparo hto chcbo, to 6aaaceHCTBo“.
Ho noBOAy CBoel aaerm .EaTroniKOBB tobophtb: „ 3 cmśhiohb no co bścte. He hóxojkb an a na cainaro HEiparo, kotophh, ycaBimaBB npeapacHaro BHpTyosa na apijji, B^pyra, 3anyMaaB BOcniBaTB eny xsaay Ha BoaBiHKi hhh 6aaaaaiKi? Bapiyona,— Tacca,, ap<J>a—hsbikb
IPraam ero, HHm,ii—a, a SaaaaaHKa—a3HKB hmjjib. asecTOKili asiiKB, hto hh roBopn“.
He bcś, koh&hho, odpasoBaHHwe jho^h itonpa XVIII h naaaaa
XIX B. ^OXOflMH m TaKHXB KpaflHOCTeH KOCMOnO.IHTHSMa, HO Bci óoaie Han Menie óbihh HanHTaHii hmb, ocodeHHO Corame h 3HaT- HHe. Ohh Baanian HH0r,a;a oóhihphhmh CBinimaMH no pasnuMB npesMeraMB HayKH n anTepaTypn, ho H3B sthxb CEiflimn He n i- nanH HHKaKHxa ynorpetfaemii h npnaoafeniir ne tojibko Booóm,e jaa Poccin, ho h ,a;aa CBoefl »h3hh. Ohh HHor.ua ropa3^o ayame 3Haan,
hto 6eiho h hto .niaaeTca bb HTaain, aiMB bb Poccin h ^aate bb
EXB C0dcTBeHHHXB HMl>HiHXB. 3aM'iaaTe.!n,HIIH THHB TaKHXB JIJO^eH npeflCTaBjraeTB ceHaaopB h gnCiaioifiHHB rpa<|)B ^HMHTpin neTpoBHHB ByTypjiHHB (1763— 1829), y KOToparo 6mia orpoMHaa ÓHdaioTeKa h
My3eyMB, cropiBinie bb 1812 r. Ohb ne BHfeHtaaB H3B Poccin, h
3HaaB TBep.no pa3HOo6pa3HHa mIicthhh H apiiia HTaaBancKaro asuKa
h ^pamjyBCKaro n a p o ,a o nac c a oni a, snaaB HaH3ycTB no MaaiHniHXB noApooHOCTen Tonorpa<|)iio Pana, Heanoaa, napnasa. Ohb ynHBaaaB HHOCTpaHpeBB cbohmb 9HH,HM0ne^HaecKHMB BceBiniHieMB; cayinaa ero, ohh nyMaan, hto ohb Mnoro BpeMeHH npoasnaB bbtoA h.ih npy- ro i MicTHOCTH h e^Ba Bipnan, Korna rpa<f)B npn3HaBaaca hmb, hto
erąe He BErfeasaaB H3B Poccin *).
K0CM0n0aHTH3MB, CTpaCTB KO BCeMy HHOCTpaHHOMy HMiaH BpeA-
heth nocai^CTBia h naa peaHrio3HEixB ydiat^eHiH pyccKHXB aiojen, pa3BHBaa bb hhxb CHaaaaa jieanriosHEiH HHflH(|)(|)epeHTH3MB hhotomb
OTCTyHHHiecTBO otb npaBOcaaBHOH Bipu: h pepKBH. 9to OTCTynHHae-
ctbo ocodeHHO odHapyatHBaaoct bb as,eHCKOMB apHCTOKpaTHaecKOMB oojpecTBi, KOTopoe, noayiHBB HHOCTpaHHoe BocnHTaHie h acma no-
ctohhho 3arpaHHn;eś, coBepnieHHO 3a6HBaao cboio Bipy h bb cayaai sanpocoBB cobIjcth h pa3HBixB peaHrio3HHXB h HpaBCTBeHHEiXB no- TpeÓHOCTeń ofipaipaaocB He kb npaBOcaaBHOH pepKBH, kotopoh oho cb siTCTBa HyaytaaocB, noTOMy kto coBepnieHHO ea He 3Haao, ho kb
esponefcKOH B ip i h npeHMynrecTBeHHO kbKaToannecKOH pepKBH, ^y-
xob6hctbo kotopoh h Bcero 6oaie ie3yHTH yMiaa noai>30BaTi>ca pe- anriosHHMB HeBiasecTBOMB pyccKHXB acempHHB. Oto ocodeHHO
—
13-PyfKF.IOCL BI 9H0Xy OTCBCCTBenHOK BOHHBT, KOT^a BCjl^CTBie CHJ- HHXB IIOTpil CCIli ii, IIOTCpB H Booóipe pa3HHXB HecaacTia IIO H a A O 6 H-T H C b pejinriosHwa yrfcnieHis,— 3a 9thmh yTfonema-MH Tor^a oSpaipanact He
eh npaBocaaBHOH pepKBa h ea ,nyxoBeHCTBy, a kb pasHHMB mhcth- aecKHMH ceK/raMB, spyrie nepexoAM0 bb KATOJiaaecTBo. Cynpyra 9. B. PocTonaHHa, rpa$HHa EKaTepaHa IleTpoBHa, ypoat^eHHaa ITpo- TacOBa, em,e bb 1812 r. odpaTaaacB bb KaToaHaecTBO, hoab B-riameMB o^hoh (|)paHn;y3CKOB: KHirn, AaHHoii efi ie3yaTOMB, adóaTOMB Crop- piora. CecTpn rpa$HHH Poctohhhhoh, KHaruna A. II. rojrapŁiHa (yM.
1842), rpaifmHH B. II. IIpoTacoBa (yM. 1852). a B. II. BacajtBHHKOBa
(yM. 1814), C. II. CBiaaHa, rpa<J)HHa M. A. BopoHpoBa a MHoria Apyria Taicaie iicpemaa bb KaTOJiiiaccTBo, npa cgaMctbIh ÓHBinaro capriHHCitaro nocaaHHHKa npa pyccKOMB ABopife, rpa$a Iocaijia Ae Me- CTpa '). Bb OseccŁ bb a ap e i AapeitTopoMB 6h.ib iesyHTB Hhkoxb h
BBe.iB bb aapefi ie3yHTCEyio cacieMy BocnaTama. Bbcbmomb IleTepdyprfi
npn AaeKcaHApi cyipecTBOBaaB ie3yaTCEift naHcioHB; BOcnaTHBaBiaiaca
baIscb pyccitia a^tb HHorAa Haa3ycTŁ 3Hara KaTOJtanecKyro oó-Iahio, ho He noHHMaaH apaBO&raBHaro ćorocayateHia. Obchb mhoio Taninę pacnpocTpaHaaH KaTOiranecTBO nocni peBoaropiH aBHBiaieca bb Pocciro
9MHrpaHTti h9MHrpaHTEH. MeatAy hoc.!iEahhmh duna H3BicTHa bbbhc- hihxb neTep6yprcKHXB KpystaxB BMarpaHTKa KHarsaa Ae-TapaHTB * 2).
Ho h He3aBHCHMO otb HHOCTpaHHofi h EHOB^pHoi nponaraHAii HHO- CTpaHHoe, npeuMyipecTBeHiio ({ipamiyscKoe, BocnaTame oiAaaaao pyc-
ckhxb odpasoBaHHBixB nroAea h ocodenno ikchiiibhb otb Bipti npaBO“-
caaBHOH, otb odpaAOBB h a3HKa CBoea pepiiBa. „,3(o Kanon CTenena TaKB na3HBaeMaa raanoMama, roBopuTB MaikoBB, coAiacTBOBa.ua eb
cdnaatemro cb KaToaaaecTBOMB, bhaho hsb npaMipa B.
n.
TypreHe- boh, MaTepn SHaMeHHTaro poMaHHCTa, KOTopaa Aaaie He dyAyaa Kaxo~naaKoi aHTaaa mo.ihtbh na <J)paHn,y3CK0MB a3Hiti“ 3).
BpeAHua nocaiACTBia TaKoro BOcnaTania dujia Hea3ÓiffiflH. „Cb
HpaBCTBeHHOCiiio , roBOpHTB HIhhikobb , He to A^aaeTca, hto cb
ecTecTBeHHOCTiio. Kypapa, BHCBineHHaa h BCKopMaeHHaa yTiioio, ocTa-i
neTca sypapero h He noaAeTB 3a Hero bb BOAy; ho pyccKia, Bocna- TaHHBia cfjpaHn;y3aMH, BcerAa dyAeiB doatiue *|)paHi];y3B, Beate-ia pyc-
CKiS“. Ckojbko bb odpasoBaHHOMB odipecTBi moźkho 6m o BCipi-
thtl TaKaxB aroAea, KOTopne hhcto roBopaaa no $paHn;y3CEH, ho He Mor.iH npaBHJBHO HanacaTb AayxB-TpexB cipoKB no pyccKa. Bhxh Aase
*) Cm. A. H. IIonoBa—Mocebu B il812 r., b'ł Pycc. ApniBi’ 1875, kh. II cip. 278— 279.
2) Cm. Pycc. Apx. 1866 r.
3) BocnoMHHaHia o ceMLt H. C. TypreHCBa, B. II. JfiniOBoit. B4cth. EBp. 1884, HoaSpB, cTp. 86. Cm. y MaisoBa, Comhh. BanomEOBa, II, 388—889.
14
rpa^OHa^ajiŁHHKH, sarpy/raaBiniecH bb ofiBUCHemaKB cb nonHHHeHHH-
iih, KOTopue He roBopMH no (JipaHnyacKH.
BoiHa cz (JtpaHnysaMH bb 1812 ro^y, conpoBO/KyaRmaaca cTpani-
hhmh 6-ŁflCTBiaMn, npoSy^naa bbpjcckomb odmeciBi ayBCTBa naTpio-
TH3Ma h Hapo^HoeTH. T i me caMua rapa, KOTopua npeat^e raEB rpoMKO BHCKa3HBaJin cboh KOCMonoaHTnaecEia B033piHia, hpohhkjihcł
Hero^OBaHieMB n HeHaBncTtE) eb ^pamysaMB. „a cjthuieomb jkhbo
nyBCTByio paHH, HaHeceHHtia Moeay OTeaecTBy, nncaiB totb ate hootb
E auoniEOBB eb PHi^Hay bi, ©KTaópi .piicafflaTaro rona, htoóh i h- HyTy Ołitb choeohhhmb. YkacHiie nocTynicH BaąnaaoBt, h h (JipaH- n;y30B'Ł, bb MockbP h ea OKpecTHOCTaxB, nocTynita, 6e3npHMipHEte
H BB CaMOH HCTOpin, BOBCe pa.3CTpOH.IH MOK> MaaCHBEyK) <J)H.JOCO<|)iK> H noccopnan neHa cb neaoBi aecTBOMBEaEB npemje yacaca rfipan- n;y3CEOH peBOJnopin noEoae6a.in ryMaHHtia ySiffisema EapaM3HHa n
3acTaBnan ero BOCK-iHEHyTB: „BPkb npocBimema, He ysnaio rreóa;
bb KpoBH h naaMeHH He ysHaio Te6a; cpe^n yOilcTBB a paspyniema He y3Haio Te(5a,“ theb Tenepa BarioniEOBB BŁicEa3HBaeTB HeroflOBame
npOTHBB TOH CaMOH OÓpaSOBaHHOCTH, HO^B BaiaHieMB EOTOpOH OHB BOC- HHTHBaaca h npe^B EOTopoS CuraroroBfoiB, „BapBapti, BaH^aan, npH'
6aB.iaeTB ohb. H otots HapojB HSBeproBB ocmP.ih.ich roBopHTB o cbo- Sofii h <|»Haocof{)iH, o aeaoBiKoaio6iH. H i h ,a;o Toro Ohjth ocainaeHH, hto liojpajKaaH hmb eheb o6e3ŁHHH“ ’). EapaM3HHB bb cbocmb Ilpe- SHcaoBia kb Hciopin rocy^apcTBa poccincEaro roBopnaB: „Hcthh-
hbih EOCMonoaHTB ecTt cym,ecTBO MeTa<J)H3HHecEoe, u h ctohb HeoÓHE-
HOBeHHoe HBJieHie, hto hPtb Hymnu tobophtb o hcmb, hh XBaaaTB,
hh ocyffiyaTB ero“.... „XBacTiHB0CTB aBTopcEaro EpacHopiaia h Hpra HHTaTeaeH ocysaTB jih Ha sianoe saCiBeme n4.ua h cyntóy HaniHXB npe^soBB? Ohh CTpanaiH h cbohmh CTpanaHiaMH HsroTOBMH Hanie Beanaie; a mh ne 3axoTHMB h cayinaTt o tomb, hh 3HaTt, Koro ohh
juoÓhjik, Koro odsHHaaH bb cbohxb HecaacTiaxB. IlH03eMH,H Morytb
nponycTHTB CEyanoe rji& hhxb bb Hanien npeBHea HCTopia; ho no-
óptie pocciaHe ne oOasaHu .ih hm4tb Sonie Tepnima, cninya npa- BH.iy rocy^apciBeHHOH HpaBCTBSHHOCTHj KOTopaa craBHTB yBaatenie
eb npe^saMB bb ^octohhctbo rpajEjaHany 0Ópa30BanH0My“.
JlHTeparrypa u p an an a HapoAHo-naTpioranecEoe HaupaBaeme. 3to
HanpaB .iem e Btipa*.aeTca bb o,naxB h ^pyraxB CTHxoTBopeHiaxB E a - paMSHHa, ^MHTpieBa h JEyEOBCKaro, bb ;ipanaxB OsepoBa (^HMHTpia
^ohckoh, 1807 r.), EpioEOBCEaro (HoMapcitifi, 1807), bb a({iHHiaxB
rpacja 9 . B . PacTonaHna, bb pa3cyżK,neHiaxB, MaHHfjiecTaxB, rpaMo-
TaxB, pecEpnH TaxB, npnK a3axB no apniaM B n spyrHXB H3Bini;eHiaxB,
bhxo^hbihhxb hsb ho^b n ep a A . C. IlInuiEOBa. Bb 1808 r. C. Pjihh
— 15 —
sta ocnoBa.31. „PyccK.it BIscthheb11 cb n?iaiio BoaSyapaTB H a p o p u t Syx^ kb óoptół cb <J>paHn,y3.aMH. Baianie a.Toro acypHaaa 6nao TaKB
•«hjiłho, hto oho BCTpeBoiKiiJio HanoaeoHa, h (|)paHn;y3CKiS nocoai,
KoaeHEypB ffiaaoBaaca pyccKOMy rrp a bpi x e a b c tb y Ha nenpiaBHeHHbiH ,a,yxB BicTHHKa; a caMoro PaHHEy, no ero OHeprin h naTpioTHie- •CKOMy 8HTysia3My, coBpeMeHHHEH cpaBHHBaan cb IKarraoi ,n’ApKB. Cb TaEate HaTpioTaaecEoio pluBio bb 1812 rosy 6wi% ocHOBaHB B. H. rpeaeMB „Chhb OreaecTBa1'. Ho caMHMB neyTOMHMHMB opra- homb naTpioTH3Ma Snaa „Becika aEoguTeael pyccsaro caoBa“ (1811 — 1819), HspBaBinaaca nosi- ynpaBaemeMB A. C. IUHiHEOBa. Illani-
kobb nepBBia, eipe bb 1803 r. bb cbogmb „Pa3cy?K,a;eHiH o CTapoMB h hobomb cjiori poecmcKaro asmta11, BOsciaBaa hpothbb nopaa pyccEaro a3HKa BHecemeMB bb Hero HHOCTpaHHHXB caoiB a ofiopo- TOBB, CTaBHJIB BB CBE3a 3Ty HOpay CB HHOCTpaHHHMB BOCnHTaHieMB pyccEaro oOipecTBa. „Haaaao OHaro (3aa), roBopa.iB ohb, npoHcxo:a;HTB
otb o6pa3a BoenHTama: hóo KaEoe 3Hanie mojegmb i h hmiŁtb bb
HpapOĄHOMB a3HEfi CBOeMB, KOpa fliiTH 3HaTH'l>HHIHXB OoapB H flBO- paHB HaniaxB otb cemhxb johhxb HorTeS cbohxb Haxo,a;aTca Ha py- KaxB y <()paHpy30BB, npHainasioTca kb hxb spaBaMB, HayaaioTca npesnpaTB cboh oOnaaH, HGHyBCTBHTeatHO noayaaroTB seci o6pa3B MHCaet hxb h noHaTif, rosopaTB hshkomb hxs CBofioplse, Hescean
cbohmb, h p s e #o Toro 3apa?KaioTca eb hhmb npncTpacTieMB, eto
ne tokmo bb a3HKr]fe cbogmb HHKor,n,a He ynpajBHaiOTca, He TOEMO He
cthptch HesHaTB onaro, ho eipe Mnorie chmb hocth^hśhihhmb H3B bc'Łxb HeBjfejEecTBOMB, EaEB Obi h^kotoplimb yEparaajoipHMB hxb p -CTOHHCTBOMB, XBaCTaiOTB H Be.IHEaiOTCa11 (CTp. 5---6). „$paHI];y3H npMe®aHieMB h TpypaioOieMB cbohmb yMljjra 6'E^hłih h3hkb cboh
odpaóoTaTŁ, bhhhcthtb, oÓoraTHTi h nacaniaMa cbohmh npocaaBHTBca
Ha ohomb; a mii OoraTHH aslieb cboh, He pana h hg noMHninaa o
HeMB. HainnaeMB npeBpaipaTB bbceyahhh. Hapeapaao on b3hti hxb
sa oópa3eu,B bb tomb, hto6b noaoCmo hmb TpypTica bb cospniH
coOcTBennaro csoero EpacHop^aia hcjiobgchocth, a He bbtomb, mtoob
HaSfleHHHK HMH BB HXB HBHKli HH MajIO HaMB HG CpO^HHa KpaCOTH nepeTacitHBaTB bb cboh a3HKB“ (CTp. 11— 12).
Ho ayBCTBO Hapopoc™ h naTpioTH3Ma, TaKB chhlho sasBHBuiee
ceoa bo BpeMa OTeaecTBeHHofi bohhh, fiiacTpo npoinao cb OKOHaameMB 8toh bohhh h CHOBa aBHaacŁ raaaoMaHia, otb eotopoh ne momh
coBepiHGHHO ocBoOosHTBca ^a®e bo Bpena bohhh, TasB EaEB hoji;b
BaiameMB ea BoenHTHBajract eu^e cb ^^TCTBa. Mh yEaaaaa bhihg Ha HHCiMa bb Hnamifi hbb Mockbh H. M. AlypaBieBa, BeciMa HHTepec- HHa .pa xapaETepacTHEH pyccitaro oOipecTBa bb anoxy oTeaecTBeHHOH
bohhh. Bb 3thxb HHCBMaxB H3o6pa?Eaexca, iweb mocebhih, nocTpa- pBniie otb Hanoieona h c(>paHĘy30BB, ne Moran OAHaEOJEe OT^iaaTtca
otb cJjpaHpyscEOH pHBHaHsapin, ycBoeHHofi hmh cb MaaiiXB a^TB, xaEB
— 16
EJiyÓEr, aHTaaa $paHH;y3CKie poMaHH, TaHpoBaaa <J»paHn;y3CEia Kap- paaa h naace npoKaHHaaa $paHn;y30Ba na ((>paHii,y3CEOMa aseieE Ba. 1815 r. nocai B03BpameHia pyccEaxa BoficKa H3a sa rpamapti Baaaaa pacnpocTpaHaTŁca noaHTaaecEia AHfjepaaBHBia ofiipecTBa; pyccKie o<J>h-
pepsi, bo BpeMa npeÓHBaHia Ba n a p a l i , hohhhhhahcb <|ipaHn;y3CEHMn BOBsp^HiaMi. Ba. bto BpeMa no Bcefi EBponi n ocoOeHHO bo $paHn;m noBCio^y pa3ciaHBi Onaa pa3HHa Tafinua noanTnaecKia oOipecTBa, KOTopna nepeHecenn f e n n Ba Pocciio. H. H. MypaBaeBa-KapcEif pa3CEa3HBaeTa. o tomb, sana H3a 3HaE0MBixa eMy Moao,HEixa aiosef
cocTaBnaca tśchhh upywecKiM EpyatOEa, hIshto Ba po^i Tamaro oóipecTBa. „Kasa bohhtcs Ba m030ahh alsTa, roBopnTa OHa o(5a 9T0Ma KpyffiKi, mli cynaaa o MHOroMa, n a, ne CTaBa nperpa^H Booópaace-
Eiio CBoeMy, BOsdyaiseHHOMy HTemeMa Contrat social Pycco, mbica6hho
HaaepTHBaaa ce6i Beansia npepnoaoateHia Ba OynyipeMa. ^yiiaaa n BH,nyMaaa cai^yioipee: yjaanTaca Ha EaKofi-HHfiysa ocTpoBa, naceaen-
hhh shkhmh, B3aTa ca coóoio Hafleaaraxa TOBapnipefi, odpasoBaia
jKHTeaen ocTpoBa n cocTaBHTB pecnyóaaEy. Y oOipecTBa 6aran cboh
ycaoBaeHHue 3HaKH ,a;aa y3HaBania upyra flpyra npn BCTpinE Pe6aae- CKifi 9T0Ta 6pe.ua nporaeaa, Eor#a HacTynaaa codama 12-ro ro^a;
ho hotomh H^EOTopne Hsa aaenoBa Epyauea ciaan ^eEadpHCTaMH, apyrie bh^hbimh rocy^apcTBeHHHMH fliaTeaaMH“ ').
HhbIjctho, bto bo BTopoS noaoBHni XYIII b. BecaMa BafKHyio
poat nrpaan MacoHCEia jroatn; EKaTepHHa He aioSnaa nxa h, HCnyran- Haa (J»paHn,y3CKo0 peBoaropiet, 3aitpHaa hxb. Ho Ba Haaaai papcTBO- BaHia AaeEcanjipa MaconcKia aoatn bo3o6hobhj:hcb, h pacnpocTpaHMHCt
pa3HHa MHCTaaecKia yaema. B03CTaH0BaeHBi 6hjih H^EOTopna npearaia
aoatH H OTKpBITEI HOBBI3, He TOaBKO Ba CTOJIHI];axa, HO H Ba npOBHH- n;iaaBHEixa MHoroaK)^HBixa ropo#axa. OT.mHTejn.HyK) aepiy hobbixh
MacoHCEHxa odrpecTBa cocTaBaaao to, hto oh4 CToaan do-irfce Ha
TeopeTnaecEOH hohbI., alsMa Ha npaKTHaecKoft, Kaita 9to 6bijio npn Hobheob4, JIonyxHHi h TypreHeBE h hmIuh dojrfce MHCTHaecEif,
BHyTpeHHifi xapaETepa, aisna BnininiH, pHTyaaaHBiH. H3a jiaTeaefi TaEHxa MHCTHEO-MacoHCEHxa aoffia ocoSeHHO BH^aBaanca Jlafimm, H3,iaBaBHiiH „CioHCEit B'fecTHHEa“ (bb 1806 h 1817— 1818 r.),
H3aaraaoca MHCTHaecEoe yaeme B9Ma, OEEapTcrayseHa h npyrHxa
mhctheobb h nepeBO^HaacB Hxa coaHHema, a EZeesopoes, H3saBaBHiil
upyroi MHCTHaecEifi acypHaaa „/(pyra lOHOiuecTBaA MaCTnaecEoe HanpaBaeHie BnpoaeMa, mokho CEa3aTB, cyipecTBOBaao bo BceMa co-
BpeMeHHOMa. oOipecTBi a He3aBHCHM0 OTa MacoHCTBa. MHOrie flepata- aaca MaconcKaro yaeHia a He Oy^yaa MacoHaMH, Hanp. CnepaHCEin,
eh. A. H. PoanpBiHa a MHoria H3a ^yxoBHBixa aapa. Cana HMnep. p HoBBie aieMyapH oCs AaeKeaHspoBCKOH anost. A. H. UmiKHa. B4cth. Ebp, 1887 flesaSpŁ, CTp. 673—674.
AaeKcaHflpi) JnodajiB nocim,aTB coópania, rui HponoBisHBajtocB mh- CTHaecKoe yaenie, ólłhb bb CHOniemaxB cb r-sseio Kpio/incpi,. npiinH-
MaJB KB ce6i KBaitepoBB a 6eci.noBa.iiB et hhmh. HiKOTopna mb-
CTEKO-MacoHCitia odipecTBa amina aoaHTHaecKia Ten^enpiH, BcniflCTBie rjcro bb 1822 r. Bci MaeoHCKia .noata 6buth saicpLiTH. HojMTHBecKia
ajieMeHTB, BnpoaeMB, iipoHEitanB ebbTaKia o6m,ecTBa, KOToptia amina
peaariosHO-HpaBCTBeHHna p in a, nnn Boodipe o6pa30BaTenBHiia CTpem- aema, nairp BaóneiiCKoe oóiiioctbo, ocnoBamioe bb kohhA 1812 r. ,pa pacnpocTpaHenia bb sapowi cbiiiii,. nncama, bb nepeBOsaxB Ha
Hapo^HiiG 5i3i»[KE (cyipecTBOBano Ń n amura 20-xb to^obb), naHKacrep-
CKia nutom, OTupHTHa b b1819 r. bb H erepcypri, r a i cocTaBunocB
odipecTBO yMpeatnema yaHnHipB no merowi B3aHMHaro odynema. Ha- KonepB CTaaH cocTaBmaTBca hnacToaipia TasHua nonaTamecKia o6in,e- cxBa, no odpaspy sanaaHHXB noanTnneCKHXB odipecTBB, ,n ocoóeHHO nooópaspy niMen.Ka "O noanTnaecKaro odipecTBa „Tymi/Ayh^b “. Bce
sto dpoffieme, HaniaHHoe pasnBiMH 3anaanŁiMH Bnianiama, peanrio3-
hhmh h noiMTmecKHMH, BBi3Baao anitia Hana^ema Boodipe Ha npo-
cb'Łlii,cnie apxnManapnTa $OTia, mhhhctopctbo npocBiipenia KHa3a
PonapŁma, Ha3Bannoe mhehctgpctbomb noreMninia, rpydyio apaK- neeBm,HHy n npnBeno kb KaTacTpo<l)i 14 aenaópa, cniHCTBiemB ko-
Topol aBHiiacB y®e npyraa caCTema bb o6pa30BaHia n ynpaBnema,
cosepnienno npoTHBOnoao®naa AaeiicanapoBCKOH cacTemi.
Ha CMiny nostno - KnaccaaecKaro HanpaBnema aBanoci> HOBoe,
caHmuMeHmaMHoe. Bb eBponencKnxB naTepaxypaxB oho 6bmo
npo-TeCTOMB npOTHBB HCKyCCTBeHHOCTH H C.yXOCTH MaCCHHeCKOH HIKOJH, npOTHBB HCKyCCTBOHHOCTH H HCHOpieHHOCTH 3KM3HH BB BHCHIHXB CO- CJiOBiaxB, HporecTOMB npapo^Bi hpothbb HenpaBanBHO pasBHBmeaca pHBHaH3au;iH. BnpoaeMB aHanoraanna aBienia CK.asaBH.iemy ca bb can- THMGHTaJIŁHOMB HaapaBHeHill dBUH H3BiCTHBI H BB apeBHGMB Mi p i. IIsBicTHO, HTO bb Ppepia, bb 9noxy aneKcaHHpiacKyio, Korna cnnin-
komb ycananacB pocKonn. h HpaBR hchopthhhcb, aBanocB ateaame
B03BpaTHTŁca kb npaponi h npocTof jkbshh; pa.3BE.nacL anannaHe-
CKaa no93ia, OeoapaTB a ero imiona Hamana pacoBaTB operna H3B ŹKH3HH npOCTHXB HIOpeH. HaCTyXOBB, 3eMaepiHŁn,CBB, pHdaKOBB H np. I [opoóiiLiMB oópasoMB a bb PHMi, bb 9noxy ABrycia, Bor.ua phm-
CK.aa apncTOKpaTia, npecHineHuaa ÓoraTow a. pockoihhoio a;asniio h
ea yAOBOjibCTBiaMH, TOMHJiaci. otb CKyKii a npecHn^eHia a ne 3Haaa,
hto cb codoio piaaTB, 9HTy3iacTB noaet a jjbcobb, Baprajiifi ho-
rHaiiB BcixB piiMCKHXB óoraaoH H3B ropo>!,a bb flepeBmo, Ha CBias.il B03rnyxB npapo^H, pneya bbcbohxb 9MoraxB a PeoprHKaxB pasnHe
bb;i;h cejBCitaro xo3aftCTBa a npeaecTH pepeBeHCKOfi jkh3hh. Toase
CaMOe HOBTOpMOCB H BB EBpOIli BO BTOpofi ilOHOBEili XVIII B., itorpa bb cpepi u c k y cc tb en h o ii jkh3hh, KaKB bb pymnoft KOMHaTi,
? - 1 7
-— 18
'icjroB^KT. 3a^HxajlCfl oTl MnoatecTBa fiaEonHBHiHXća bl Het M.ia3MófcL n,HBHjm3an,iH, aBMacB noTpeÓHocrB ocBiaKHTBca hhctbiml B0o^yx0Mx npnpoflH a jkhshh hpoctbixl iioflefi; sbmocb o6oa;anie upapo/uj, MeBTM o HeoiJBaaoM/E sojiotohl B iiii; pa.3Buaaci> nacTyinecKaa noasia; aBMca Pycco clcbohmh naaMennaME pinaMH npoTHBL pHBMasapia. C i flpyrol CTOpoHH, caHTHMenTaabHoe naiipaBjreme 6hjio npoTecroML UpOTHBi 0,HHOCTOpOHHOCTH HayEH 0 (|)HJOCO(()in aHpHKaOne^HCTOBi. $HJioco(|)ia aHpaKJione^MCTOBi 3a6oTaaacŁ tohbko o pa3BHTia yna, oóoraiąaa ero pa3HHMH CBi^imana no pasHLiML HaysaML, ho hh- ckojibko He CTapaaacB o pa3BHTia ayBCTBa, o BOcnaTama HpaBCTBen- Haro xapaKTepa; bbixo#hjih .oopa cl oópasoBameML, jueoah Biiaioipip, ho 6e3i cep^ipa, óe3L upaBCTBennaro ayBCTBa. CaHTHMeiiTajrbHaa xa- TepaTypa, HanpoTHBL, Bce BHHManie oilpaipana Ha pa:;Bnrrie ayBCTBa, pasBHBaaa hybctbo ryaranHOCTH, ryMaHHŁia OTHomenia ko B.ciuL mo ta n i, BoenHTHBaaa bl aeaoBiEi upaBCTBCHnuii xapaETepL. Ho a n ia TaEOH hhcthh hctohhhel h TaKia HHCTiia noóyjKpHia a Hanipema, caHTHMeHTaaLHoe naapaB-ienie cano aBajioct na npaETHEi o^hocto- POHhhml: upecji,ąya HHTepeCBi ayBCTBa a HpaBCTBeHHOCTH, oho co- BepnieHHO arHopapoBano BHTepecBi yna n oópa30Bania, h ecrecTBeHHO CEOpO BHpO,HHJIOCB. HyBCTBO IipeBpaTHHOCB BL JIOJKHyiO HyBCTBHTeaB- hoctb, He ynpaBjaeMyKj h He npocBiipaeMyio 3^paBHML pa3cy^icoML. HcTHHHaa 'iyBCTBHTejiLHOCTB oópaipaeTca kl theeml npepieTaML, eo- TopBie aoctoShm coayBCTBia, BHpaataeTca bl TasaxL ayBCTBaxL h oni1yn],eHiHXL, soTopua Baami! a HHTepecHBi p a BcixL jnopił; hojk- Haa ayBCTBaTCJiBHOCTB oópaTaaacB kl MeaoaaML, He ctoiohi,hml hh- Easoro BHHM.ama; pasBaaacB uaKaonnocTB EasaTBca niamuML, #06- pHML h aybctbiitejibiiliml, coBepnieHno ne HMia othxl EaaecTBL, HaEaoHHOCTB pHCOBaTBca cbohkl ayBCTBOML, Bce npeyBejiBHBBaTB, B03,a;BixaTB r a BOCTopraTBca no KaapOMy naaToacHOMy cayaaio.
CaHTHMenTaaBHoe HanpaBaeHie hbbjiocb apeape Bcero b l aHraia- ceoh aaTepaiypi, BiticTi c l poManana PaaappoHa h „ 'lyBCTBMTCJiL-
h h m l nyTemecTBieML11 CTepHa, OTicyp h B3HTO canoe caoBO caHTB-
MenTaiBHBiH (sentimental), panice ana niaony HanpaBJieHijo. H3L Aaraia oho BCEopi nepemao bo ipaurpK). Ho no^paataHiio Eaa-
pacci PaaappoHa (1748) Pycco aanacaaL „HoByio 3aoa3y“, Bep- HapfleHL-fle-CeHL-IlBepL poMaHL „HaBeaL a BapraHia“. HoBaa 9ao- asa npOHBBeaa HeoCtbiEHOfieHHO caaBHoe Bnenauiinie; b l neft casiBiML
EpacHopiaaBHML odpasoiiL a3o6pa®aaacB Bca acsycctbohhoctb ropo^;- ckojS aiHyHH, BecB BpeflL n,JiBHjia3ajj,ia, a ^iaaaacB caMiaa niaMen- TTw.tr B033Bama e l npapo^i aaa k l masHH b l Hpapo^i. HoBaa 9aoa3a
npoH3Beaa MHOiKecTBo no^paacaHiS bo BcixL anTepaTypaxL. „IlyTe- mecTBie" CTepHa (1768) HasBaHO HyBCTBHTenBHHML noTony, lto oho
co,a;epacHTL b l ceói He oimcaiiie Bninmaro nipa hjih t'Łx l npe,a;-
H3odpaaćeme BnyTpcanaro nipa ero flyiaa, t^ jb u^ea, oipymemi, ayBCTBTj, EOTopna BOSHHEaaa bi. ero ^.ymś upii BCTpiaś cb othmh
npepsieiaMa. B i Aiir.mi CTepHy rio;i;[>a;Ka.ix MaKeH3a, naiiHcaBmift „lyBCTBHTeatHaro aeaoBr±;Ka'‘, bx PepjtaHia Peopra llfcoda, asBicTHiit CBOHMH „JliTHHMH E 3HMHHMH CTpaHCTBOBaniaMH", BO $paHH,m BepHX, HanacaBiaiił ,a;Ba nyieaiecTBia: „ P y b c tbkt e jibhbi a nyTemecTBenHHKT., hhb Moa iiporyjma m , MBepprorn. “ a „HyBCTBirrejibhhI nyTemeciBeH-
hhki. bo speMena Po6ecutepa“, KOToparo ({ipaapysBi nasLiBaioTi, cbobmx
CTepnoMB. Bx apepac-ioBia eo BTopony nyTeiuecTBiio ohx odtacnaeTi.
cboio rjraBnyio mhcjh. TaiaiMx o6pa30Mx: „Taitx Kaxtx HflAnia BHita- 3HBai0TX caadocTb a HecoBepnieHCTBO Haaiero yjaa, to a CTapaiocŁ poicasćiTL. ito aoópi.ia m 6aaropo^HHa ayBCTBa cepppa ^ojt/khh roc- noflCTBOBaTt napa. MHtaiaMa, pojuehh 6htb BHcayniHBaeMH Easx e^HHCTBeHHHfi ro.iocx. He odMaanBaioipia aeaoB^aecTBa, Easx p.jjw n -
CTBeHHiit 3aEonx, aa i;oTopoMX npapopa ocHOBHBaeTH caacTie cbohxx
TBapefl. Ilocai 3aonoayaHHxx a EpoBaBnxx m e w ., uepeatHTLixx HaMB, aoairfc Toro, Easx m Ba^aa aeaoBiaecEyio apapo^y, ode3odpa®eH- Hyio SBipCKHMH CTpaCTaMH, OCKBepHeHHyiO BCŚMB lIOpOKaMH. HyBCTBy- emŁ riOTpeófiocTb ycaoEOBTB .nyniy coseppanienT. 9xof apapopu bx
ea iiepBOOLJTHOH Kpacoils, bx dama hpocthxx ^odpo^Te-iea a cjtŁ-
pyioiąaro 3a hhmh caacTia, bxtomx upeauBHOMT. odpaśu,rfe, bbkbeomt.
OHa po.i/Kiia fju jia cymecTBOBarb no Bonk TBoppa.... ^odpoe cepppe HeodxoflHM,fee BeaHEHxx 3Haaia, aycEaa me ne oaiupaKm. otx Mem
Hoyaemi ejh onacamif, npepcTaBaaeMtixx dojBniBHCTBOMi, nyTerae-
CTBii: nepBoe h caMoe Baamoe aoyaeaie—.woda cbohxx daajEHHxx“ ’).
PoMasH Paiappcona csopo aBHaacB a bx Pocda, bx nepeBopi na
pyccEia asHio.: ILirne-ia bt> 1787 r., Kaapacca bx 1791— 92 r. a
PpaHflHCOHT, bx 1793—94 r., be 1794 r. aBB-iocB noppaffiame Ha- iieai: „PocciacEaa HaMeaa, a aa acropia Mapia, podpopljTejiBHOH no- ceaaHKHli JliBOBa, kotopeih sa aee f ! m nasBaaa. AHrrapaxapflC0H0Mx.
H3x coaaiieHiH CTepHa dHaa nepeBepeHH bx 1789 r. „HactMa Iopa- E.a“, a bx1793 r. ero „HyTeniecTBie“, IlepBaa aacrs Hoboh 3xoh3h
daaa HaneaaxaHa bh nepeBopś ou],e bx 1769 r., a Bca 3aoa3a dnaa HepeBepeHa pBa pa3a: bx 1792—93 a 1804 r. IlepeBOMi poMaHOBi
pe-CeHX-lIbepa ueaaTaaaci. bx asypHaaaxx „bierne paa Bi;yca, pa
syjna a ayBCTBOBania“ a „EtpiaTaoe a nojie3Hoe apeapoBoatpeme Bpe- MeHa“, a jfotomt, buui.ik ot^Łibeo „IlaBea^ a Baprama“ bx 1793 r., „HapMcEaa xaacaaa“ bx 1794 r. TasaMB nyTeMi 6li.io BHeceno
caHTHMeHTa.iŁHoe HanpaB.iieHie bx pyccsyio aaTepaTypy. Ho opara-
HaaBHHMB a caMocToaxeai.nijMx upc,ncTaBHTOJieMx ero cyiE^eao daao
Ohtb KapaM3HHy.,
TaJiaxoBa Hct. Pycc. Cjioii. II. 122.
JKapaMBHHi HBJUioTcji neitTpalŁsoio .itmocriio Bi aieitca^poB-
CEyio anoxy. 1 >ci>xrŁ imcaTejieH 3toh 3hoxh moikho pasni-rart aa
ctopohh; Ha o^hoh croponi emim, KapaMEturB h ero hocjtŁao- BaTe™ u saipHTHHKH ero HanpaBJieHia; na ,a;pyroi CTopoai, c i IIIhei- KOBHMS BO rjtaBi—npOTHBHHKH KapaM3H3a H SaiRHTHHEH -npeSEHflrO nanpaBJiema. Eoptóa Meaffly stemh ubymh iianpaiueni«MH Hanon- naeTB co6oro bck) 9Ty 9noxy, cocTaBJiaa oasnoe ea co^epsame, raaBHHl ea HHTepect. HaaaBinECL cnopoaT, o crapoMB hhobcmbcjio- r i bx aarepaTypi, BOsdyjKfleHBOMB nepBHMH coaHHemaMH KapaM3H~ na, ona, Bcai^CTBie copiaaBHO-noaHTHaecEHsa. o6cToaTe.iŁCTBX, bceo-
p i ocaoatHaeTca, ott, caora h a3HKa iiepeso^ETB Ha casioe coflepasa- Hie JiHTepaTyj)T»j h ebb ofraacTE MTepaTypHOH nepexolHHTr& Ha noasy oórpecTBeHHyio, no/i,HHMaa MiioaiecTBO pasHHzr, BonpocoBt, icoTopate HaKOHepB s c i caHBaioTca bt, o/thht, KopeHHOl BonpocT, oót, othoihghik
pyccKofi napoiiHocTH et, eBponeiiCKOH KyatTypi, Bonpoc&, sapo^HBiTiitca BMicri cx pe<J)opMOt Ileipa, ho no chxt> nopt He pinienHHE h
cocTa-Bjja ioiuift 60.1anoe Micro bt. pyccEOH jkhbhh h .lETeparypi.
H. M. KAPAM3HH-Ł ’).
HuiiOJiaił MHxaflaoBH% KapaM3HHT, pomocą 1 neitadpa 1786 r., bt, Ka3aHCEOi ryóepHm, Chmohpckoh npobehiph, CaMapcEaroyispa, bb ceni
*) isiji coTHHeHiH KapaM3HHa: 1-e Bajanie, MocKBa 1 e>03 1804, 2-e M. 1814, 3-e M. 1820; 4-e 1834; 5-e CMnpjHHCKOe 3 1. 1848. HeKSjaimiM co Milenia: Kapast- SHHa h nepenacKa, 1862. EiorpaijmaecKia CTaTŁH a HSCJEftjOBaHia: JI/Łtctbo; nociiHTa- Hie ji nepBHe MTepaTypHHe oiihth KapaM3Hiia, M. UorosHHa. Yipo, 1866, cxp. 1 o BosspłHia KapaasHHa bs nepByio noioBHHy ero juiiepaTypnot atoeJiBHOCTii, A. IV jiasoea. Ciró. BijoMociH 1886, X 322 a 325. Maiepiaan «.w onpejfcieiM aaiepaTyp- Hot ftiaiejrBHOCTH KapaM3HHa, A. ra.iasoiia, Cospem. 1853, X 1 h 2. KapaMBHHS, KaK-L oiithmhctx, A. HuaiOBa. Oiea. 3an. 1858. * * 1. H. M. Kapaaaaa*, no ero coaa- HeHiasia,, nacinam , u OTSHBaan, cojBpeMeHHHKOB-B, Horojmia 2 h. M. 1866. Maiepiajni p a saparaepHCTHKH Kapananiia, Kam, Kparajmeeicaro $Moco(j>a, bt, B t. pyccK. jiHTep. hspeB. 1859 r. II. TopaceciBeHHoe codpaaie H»nep. Asaji. Hayra 1 ffeicaGpa 1866, bb naitBTŁ CToaliTHet rosoBiUHHH po®jeiua H. M. KapaMBHiia, co, npn.TLo;ice Hieni, nopTpe-ra h H3o6paa:eHiS naMSTHHira, BOSaBHMyiaro bt, Chm6hpck*. Cit6. 1867. daTBH, HaniicaHHHa SM npoHSEeceHM bt, to p .tc e ctb e ehomt, coopaniH KasaHCEaro yHHBepcaieia bt, CTOatimt »6a a e i Kapaasaaa: Biorpa$HB8CKit owepat KapaasHHa * paaBHTie ero jm repaiypnoi siaieJitHoeiH, R. H. Eyjnira. Muca u KapasisHHa o BocnHiaHiH, H. JI- HeeraKOBa. KapansHHB o6t KCTopia efoepoBOCTOHHOH Poccih, H. A. OapeoBa. Hdopia rocysapcTBa poccificicaro bt. oiHoraeuiH kt> hctopih pycwcaro npaB"a, C. M. DlnHJieBCKaro. flBa ciOBa bt, naaaTB KapaMSHHy, M. n . IlerpoBcicaro. OtjepKT, atoejn,HOCTH hAHHHOCTH Kapan3HHa, asaseMBKa a. K. TpoTa. CfiopH. 2-ro crs. Ae. fl. t. I, 1867. Boa te nospofiHoe ysasaHie H3saHii coTHHeiiit SapaM3Ena H
— 2 1 —
f T'
I O- R
f W N*
(IIpeo6paateHcaoc tojkł). $aMMia EapaitsHiia odMCnaeTca H3x?ię?)HCxofE,lenia ero po^a. Pgat. KapaM3HHa npoHcxo)iHTzi> otzb
TaTapcaaro MypsM, Kapa-Myp3H (KepHBiI Mypsa). IIpe^Kii KapaM3H- na 6 u m iiomz&iii,agawa bu HajseropojCKOMT. y h s A k , hoero y®e Bnafl&rci Z B y m a homPctbaiih b t> CaMoapcKO# ryóepmH; o^ eotb hsł
hhxźł, MaxaHj[OBEof BJiauŚAT, OTerpB KapawsaHa, oTcraBnoa KOHen-
.naHTij MaxaHJiT. EroposaaH; saIsch h po^ajica H. M. KapaM3HHB. EapaMSHHB 6i,ijix, TaKazin. odpasoMB ypojECHeipa a BOCnaTaHHHKT,
BejiHKOi pyccitofl piita, Kain. ^epjaaBHHB, ^MHTpieBB a MHorie /tpyrie nacaiem; Bo.ira h ea oKpecTHOcra OKpyataaH KapaM3HHa
cb ,a;fecTBa a naBcer^a ocTaracŁ bb ero BOo6paJKemH. ^^tctbo
KapaMsana onHcaHo hmb caMEMB, no^t HMeHeazu jfeona, bib HeoKoa- hghhoh nosicTH „PnpapŁ narnero BpezmeHHl< (1799-1802). „Otzb
KOjn.i6e.zm jo Maaol KpoBaTKB, ott. secTanof rpeiiyniKa so MiueiiK- Karo pacKpauiensaro Kontsa, otb nepBi,ixri. hcctpohhhxt> 3ByKOBT> roaoca ao BHaTHaro npoHBHOiHema cjiobt. JleoHB (KapaMsaat) ue snajTB HeBOjis, npHHyffi^enia, ropa h cepupa., JPoSobi. nara-ia h corpli- Baaa, rŁmajia, BeceJia.ua ero, ótuia nepBHMJb BneaaTjrlmieMT. ero .nyina11. IIo^i. 9toh) jhoOobbio pa3yMlieTca atoóoBŁ MaTepH, itOTOpaa yMepaa apesB Tpa rona. Bzb 1795 r. bb „Hoc-nania kb iKerrn],HHaMB“ ohb BCnoMHHaeTB o nel bb ca'fe^yH)in;HXB CTaxaxB:
A .v h , a ne 3iiajpj> Teda!.... Th, jaB i mh$ skhbhb, coTzpH.iaci,!
Cpeaa BeceitHHxzi>, schhxt> sneft
Bb acHaHine Mpaica npecejnuiact!
Ho odpasB TBoi CBam,eHHHft, MEJiHi
Bb rpysa Moeii aaneHawilsHB,
H CB ayBCTBOMB BB n e t COejHHeiH.!
TboI THxii HpaBB ocTajrca MHi bb Hacał^CTBo;
Tboh ayxB Beerja co mho3.
HesEfliDiofi pyKof
XpaHHJra th ssoe desomiTHoe s4tctbo;
Tłi bb a iia s B iohocth »reH.a kb so6py BJrercaa, Th coBicTBio Moei bb aacB c-iaCocieft dMa.
ii aacTft tIshb tboio cb jnofioraio odHHMaio, H bb BtHHOCTH Tefia y3itaio!...
H3ca’i;aoBaHiH o HeMB. cm. y MemoBa, TeiiHajH h bb HaTepiajraxB j m diorpa({»iH Ka- pałiamia HoHOMapeBa. Cdopn. 2-ro otj. Ak. H. t. XXXII, K 8.
HcTopia Tacysapcfiia PocciicKaro. 8 o. Cn(5. 1816—1818. 2-e mu. 12 m. Ch6. 181,8—1829 (Hssanie C.TOHP.ifa, hkb neaiy kjiiomb CTpoeBa, M. 1836). 3-e ii 4-e CMHp- jRHcida jisjtaHia. Ilojnioe rcoMnaitTHoe Hasanie Dsiitepjniiira, cb npnJioaceHiejiB otphb-
KOBB H3B SanHCKH O Sp6BHet H IIOBOłf PoCCiH. Oll6. 1842—1844.—HCTOpHHeCKOe HO-
XBaJiBHoe cjiobo KapaiiSHHy, upoKSHeceHHoe npn oticphtIh m y naMHTjiHKa 23 asrycTa
1845 r„ M. II. IIorosHHa. M. 1845. H. M. Kapasi3HHB, A. Ciap^eBCKaro. 1849. Kapast- CHiiB KaKB HCTopHKB, K. H. BecTysKeBa-PioMHHa. 1C. fil. H. lip. 1867, S 7. C ia M o
