əɁɕɄɈȼȺə ɄȺɊɌɂɇȺ ɆɂɊȺ ȼ ɇȺɂɆȿɇɈȼȺɇɂəɏ ɈȾȿɀȾɕ (ɇȺ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅȿ ɋȿȼȿɊɇɈɊɍɋɋɄɂɏ ȽɈȼɈɊɈȼ)
THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN THE NAMES OF CLOTHES (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE NORTHERN RUSSIAN DIALECTS)
ɈɅɖȽȺ ɄɊɕɅɈȼȺ
ABSTRACT. In the article lexical units of a lexical set “Clothes” are regarded. Attempt to reveal the motivation attributes put into the basis of nominations is undertaken, and to interpret them as display of language consciousness of dialect owners. Observing the names of women's clothes shows that local tinge and specificity of the same lexico-semantic group in the Russian dialectal system is attained by various combinations of many components: motivating features, nomination means, motivation basis. Semantic specificity of some lexical groups including the group of women's clothes names is shown first of all in particular qualities of their nomination: in connection of motivating features with a certain group, in using different motivating features for naming the same object or the same motivating feature for naming different objects.
Ɉɥɶɝɚ Ʉɪɵɥɨɜɚ, ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ – Ɋɨɫ-ɫɢɹ. əɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɵɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɦɢɪɟ. Ɉɫɨɛɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɥɟɤɫɢ-ɤɢ, ɟɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: „Ȼɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ ɜ ɟɟ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ – ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɢɦɟɧɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ. ȼ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬ-ɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜ ɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɷɤɫɬɪɚ-ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ (ɤ ɦɢɪɭ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ), ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ”1. ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɨ-ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɹɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɦɢɪɚ, ɩɨ-ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɞɟɥɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɵɱɥɟɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɨ-ɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ. Ʌ.ȼ. ɓɟɪɛɚ ɩɢɫɚɥ: ________________ 1 Ɋɨɥɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ. əɡɵɤ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɦɢɪɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1988, c. 120.
„Ɇɢɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɚɧ ɧɚɦ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɩɵɬɟ, ɨɫɬɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ, ɩɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ, ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɬɟɯ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɧɚɪɨɞɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɬɨɱ-ɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ”2. ȿɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɨɪɢɬɟ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɬɨ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɟɟ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɨ-ɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɫɟ-ɜɟɪɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ. ɂɡɞɚɜɧɚ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɭ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ, ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧ, ɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ, ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ, ɨɛɵɱɚɢ, ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ. ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɰɟɧɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ-ɪɨɞɚ, ɟɝɨ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɚ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ „Ɉɞɟɠɞɚ” ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧo ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ, ɜ ɧɟɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɭɛɨɪɨɜ, ɨɛɭɜɢ, ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɟ-ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɪɚ-ɮɚɧɨɜ, ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɭɛɚɯ, ɤɨɮɬ). Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɜɵɩ. 1 (ɋɊɇȽ), Ʉɚɪɬɨɬɟɤɚ ɋɊɇȽ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɝɢɨ-ɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɢ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɵ (ȺɈɋ, CȼȽ, ɋȽɊɋ, ɋɊȽɄ). ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɨɫɭ-ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ: ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ (ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ3) ɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ (ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ-ɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ) ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ4), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ. I. ɇɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ. 1. ɋɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɲɢɬɚ ɨɞɟɠ-ɞɚ: ɩɟɫɬɪɹҁɞɟɧɧɢɤ, ɩɟɫɬɪɹҁɞɟɥɶɧɢɤ, ɩɟɫɬɪɹҁɞɢɧɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɩɟɫɬɪɹɞɢ’ ________________ 2 Ʌ.ȼ. ɓ ɟ ɪ ɛ ɚ, əɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ 1974, c. 69. 3 Ɇ.ɇ. ə ɧ ɰ ɟ ɧ ɟ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, Ʉ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɨɛɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ), [ɜ:] Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɚ-ɪɨɠɢɥɶɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ, Ɍɨɦɫɤ 1987, ɫ. 12. 4 Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ.
(Ⱥɪɯ.); ɤɢɬɚҁɟɱɧɢɤ, ɤɢɬɚҁɣɤɚ, ɤɢɬɚҁɣɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɤɢɬɚɣɤɢ; ɤɨɫɨɤɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ’ (Ⱥɪɯ., ȼɨɥɨɝ., Ɉɥɨɧ.); ɫɚɬɢҁɧɧɢɤ, ɫɚɬɢҁɧɨɜɢɤ, ɫɚɬɢҁɧɨɱɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɫɚɬɢɧɚ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.); ɫɢҁɬɧɢɤ, ɫɢҁɬɰɟɜɢҁɤ, ɫɢҁɬɧɢɱɟɤ – ‘ɫɚ-ɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɫɢɬɰɚ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ., Ⱥɪɯ., Ɉɥɨɧ., ȼɹɬ.); ɚɬɥɚҁɫɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɚ‘ɫɚ-ɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɚɬɥɚɫɚ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ., Ʉɚɪɝ. Ⱥɪɯ.); ɛɚɬɢҁɫɬɨɜɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɛɚɬɢɫɬɚ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɤɚɧɢɮɚҁɫɨ-ɜɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɤɚɧɢɮɚɫɚ (ɞɨɦɨɬɤɚɧɨɟ ɥɶɧɹɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨ, ɯɨɥɫɬ ɫ ɜɵɬɤɚɧ-ɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ ɭɡɨɪɨɦ)’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɛɭɦɚҁɠɧɢɰɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɯɚ ɢɡ ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɥɫɬɚ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɩɨɧɢҁɬɤɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɮɬɚ ɢɡ ɞɨɦɨɬɤɚɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɭɲɟɪɫɬɹɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.). 2. ɐɜɟɬ: ɤɪɚɫɧɨɫɬɚҁɧɤɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɯɚ ɫ ɪɭɤɚɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɣ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɨɥɭ’ (ȼɟɪɯ. ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɫɢɧɹҁɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɞɨɦɨɬɤɚɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ ɯɨɥɫɬɚ’ (Ⱥɪɯ., ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɩɨɥɭɫɢҁɧɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ (ɧɚɞɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɡɞ-ɧɢɤɚɦ; ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɢɧɟɣ ɞɨɦɨɬɤɚɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɢ)’ (Ⱥɪɯ.). 3. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ: ɞɨҁɥɶɧɢɤ, ɞɨɥɶɧɨҁɣ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɲɟɪɫɬɹ-ɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɬɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɤɥɟɬɨҁɜɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚ-ɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɞɨɦɨɬɤɚɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɢ’ (Ʉɚɪɝ. Ⱥɪɯ.); ɦɭҁɲɧɢɤ – ‘ɲɟɪɫɬɹɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɯɨɥɳoɜɵɣ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ, ɢɥɢ ɸɛɤɚ, ɩɨ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɬɤɚɧɵ ɤɭɫɨɱ-ɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɤɧɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɭɲɟɤ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.). 4. Oɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɪɨɹ: ɤɥɢɧɱɚҁɬɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɫ ɤɥɢɧɶɹɦɢ’ (ȼɹɬ.); ɥɢҁɮ-ɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.); ɞɨɥɝɨɪɭɤɚҁɜɤɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɯɚ ɫ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɦ ɪɭɤɚɜɨɦ’ (Ʉɚɞɧ. ȼɨɥɨɝ., Ʉɟɦ. Ⱥɪɯ.); ɪɨҁɯɪɭɲɤɚ, ɪɨɯɥɭҁɲɤɚ, ɪɨɯɥɸҁɲɤɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɮɬɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɹ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.); ɩɨɥɭɪɭɛɚҁɲɶɟ, ɩɨɥɪɭɛɚҁɲɶɟ, ɩɨɥɪɭɛɚҁɲɶɢɰɟ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɪɹɞɧɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɫ ɪɭɤɚɜɚɦɢ, ɩɨɞ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɲɢɜ-ɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɚ)’ (ɉɢɧɟɠ. Ⱥɪɯ.); ɩɭɩɨɜɢҁɯɚ – ‘ɤɨɪɨɬɤɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɯɚ, ɧɚɞɟɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ, – ɞɨ ɩɭɩɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɞɶ’ (ɒɟɧɤ. Ⱥɪɯ.); ɜɨɪɨɬɭҁɲɤɚ – ‘ɤɨɪɨɬ-ɤɚɹ ɠɟɧɫ‘ɤɨɪɨɬ-ɤɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɯɚ (ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨ ɬɚɥɢɢ), ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧ’ (Ɍɨɬɟɦ. ȼɨɥɨɝ.). 5. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɢ: ɫɬɪɨҁɱɧɢɤ (ɫɬɪɨɤɚ – ‘ɧɚɲɢɬɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɥɟɧɬɚ’) – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.); ɨɬɲɢ’ɜɧɢɰɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɫ ɜɵɲɢɬɨɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɨɣ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.); ɨɬɨɪɨҁɱɧɢɰɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɮɬɚ ɢɡ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢ ɪɭɤɚɜɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭ ɡɚɩɹɫɬɶɹ ɫɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɢɧɤɨɣ; ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɨɬɨɪɨɱɧɢɰɚ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɚ ɜɵɲɢɜɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɞɢ ɢ ɪɭɤɚɜɚɯ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.). 6. ɉɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɫɛɨɪɨɤ, ɫɤɥɚɞɨɤ: ɛɨɪɭҁɲɤɚ, ɛɨɪɨҁɱɧɢɰɚ, ɛɨɪɨҁɱɟɧɶɤɚ – ‘ɠɟɧ-ɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɫɨ ɫɛɨɪɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɭɤɚɜɚɯ’ (Ⱥɪɯ., ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɝɪɢɛɨҁɜɧɢɰɚ – ‘ɠɟɧ‘ɠɟɧ-ɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɮɬɚ ɫ ɨɛɨɪɤɚɦɢ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɦɚɪɲɟҁɬɧɢɰɚ – ‘ɪɭɛɚɯɚ ɫ ɤɪɭɠɟɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɨɪɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɭɤɚɜɚɯ’ (ȼɹɬ.). 7. ɉɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɸ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ: ɧɚɩɨɞɨҁɥɶɧɢɰɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɭ-ɛɚɲɤɚ ɫ ɛɪɚɧɵɦ ɭɡɨɪɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɨɥɭ’ (Ʉɚɞɧ. ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɩɨɞɨҁɥɶɧɢɰɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɫ ɜɵɲɢɬɵɦ ɩɨɞɨɥɨɦ’ (Ɉɧɟɠ. Ʉɚɪɟɥ., ɉɨɞɩ. Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪ.); ɧɚɦɵҁɲɧɢɰɚ, ɦɵҁɲɧɢɰɚ(ɦɵɲɤɚ – ‘ɩɥɟɱɨ, ɩɪɟɞɩɥɟɱɶɟ’) – ‘ɜɵɲɢɬɚɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɯɚ ɫ ɨɬɪɟɡ-ɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɦ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.).
8. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ: ɤɨɪɨɬɚҁɣɤɚ – ‘ɬɟɩɥɚɹ ɤɨɮɬɚ ɛɟɡ ɪɭɤɚɜɨɜ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɤɨɪɨ-ɬɵҁɲɤɚ – ‘ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɠɚɤɟɬ’; ‘ɛɟɡɪɭɤɚɜɤɚ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.); ɤɨɪɨɬɟҁɣɤɚ – ‘ɠɟɧ-ɫɤɢɣ ɠɚɤɟɬ, ɩɨɥɭɩɚɥɶɬɨ (ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɤɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɬɚɥɢɢ)’ (ɇɨɜɝ., ȼɨɥɨɝ.). II. ɇɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɥɟ-ɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ: 9. ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɲɶɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ: ɞɨɦɨɬɤɚҁɧɤɚ – ‘ɪɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɮɬɚ, ɫɲɢɬɚɹ ɢɡ ɞɨɦɨɬɤɚɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɥɫɬɚ, ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɫɚɦɨɬɤɚҁɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɞɨɦɨɬɤɚɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɢ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɞɭɛɚɧɢҁɤ, ɞɭɛɧɹҁɤ (ɞɭɛɢɬɶ – ‘ɤɪɚɫɢɬɶ’) – ‘ɫɚ-ɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɨɬɤɚɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɥɫɬɚ, ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɢɧɸɸ ɤɪɚɫɤɭ’ (ȼɨ-ɥɨɝ.); ɧɚɛɢҁɜɚɧɢɤ, ɧɚɛɢҁɜɢɧɧɢɤ, ɧɚɛɢҁɜɚɧɟɰ, ɧɚɛɢҁɜɧɢɤ, ɧɚɛɨҁɣɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɧɚɛɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.); ɤɪɚҁɫɢҁɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ, ɫɲɢɬɵɣ ɢɡ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɯɨɥɫɬɚ ɢ ɜɵɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ, ɫɢɧɢɣ ɰɜɟɬ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɦɚɪɟҁɞɧɢɤ, ɦɚɪɟҁɧɧɢҁɤ – ‘ɫɚ-ɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɞɨɦɨɬɤɚɧɨɣ ɲɟɪɫɬɹɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɢ, ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɪɟɧɨɣ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɬɪɨɟɤɪɚҁɫɨɱɧɢɤ– ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɰɜɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɥɫɬɚ; ɫɢɧɟɝɨ, ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɨ-ɥɭɛɨɝɨ (ɨɫɧɨɜɚ – ɛɟɥɚɹ)’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.). 10. ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ: ɜɹɡɚҁɧɤɚ, ɜɹɡɚɧɭҁɯɚ – ‘ɜɹɡɚɧɚɹ ɲɟɪɫɬɹɧɚɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɮɬɚ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.). 11. ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ: ɩɨɤɨҁɫɧɢɰɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɭ-ɛɚɲɤɚ ɢɡ ɹɪɤɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɫ ɜɵɲɢɬɵɦ ɩɨɞɨɥɨɦ, ɧɚɞɟɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɫ ɩɨɹɫɨɦ ɛɟɡ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɨɫ ɢɥɢ ɠɚɬɜɭ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ., Ⱥɪɯ.); ɫɟɧɨɤɨҁɫɧɢɰɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɢɡ ɹɪɤɨ-ɝɨ ɫɢɬɰɚ ɫ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɦ ɪɭɤɚɜɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɧɨɤɨɫ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɜɵɛɟ-ɝɚҁɣɤɚ – ‘ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɥɟɝɤɚɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɮɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɭ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.); ɜɚ-ɥɺɛɧɢɰɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ ɢɡ ɝɪɭɛɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɭɛɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ ɥɟɫɚ’ (Ʉɚɪɟɥ.). 12. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɧɢɹ: ɧɚɜɟҁɪɲɧɢɰɚ, ɧɚɜɟҁɪɲɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɬɚɪɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɯɚ, ɧɚɞɟɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ’ (ȼɹɬ.); ɢɫɩɨҁɞɤɚ – ‘ɞɥɢɧ-ɧɚɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɯɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.). 13. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɟɟɫɹ ɨɞɟɠɞɨɣ: ɩɨɬɹɧɭҁɲɤɚ – ‘ɤɨɪɨɬɤɚɹ, ɫɬɹɝɢɜɚ-ɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɚɧ ɤɨɮɬɚ ɫ ɪɭɤɚɜɚɦɢ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.); ɨɛɬɹɧɭҁɯɚ, ɨɛɬɹɧɭҁɲɤɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɤɨ-ɪɨɬɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɮɬɚ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.); ɨɛɠɢҁɦɤɚ – ‘ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɤɨ-ɪɨɬɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɮɬɚ’ (Ⱥɪɯ., ȼɨɥɨɝ.). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɚɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ: ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ ɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤɜɚɧɬɢɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɬɭ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ, ɬɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɝɪɭɩ-ɩɚɯ, ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, „ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɨɲɟ-ɧɢɹ”, “ɞɥɢɧɚ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ” ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ) ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɬ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ-ɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɰɟɥɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɚɯ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨ-ɜɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ: Ɍɢɩ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ Ɇɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ Ɇɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɋɚɪɚɮɚɧɵ 241 176 65 Ɋɭɛɚɯɢ 95 67 28 Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ, ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɧ-ɰɢɩ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ, ɛɵɬɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ. ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ-ɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɚ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ-ɰɟɥɶ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ „ɜɟɳɧɨɝɨ” ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɢɪɚ5. Ɇ.ȼ. ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧ ɩɢɲɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɚɪɬɟ-ɮɚɤɬɨɜ „ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ: ɬɚɤɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ-ɬɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ”6. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ (ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ) ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɥɚɫ-ɫɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ-ɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɹɜɥɹ-ɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ7. Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ Ƚ.ȼ. ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜ, „ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɚ-ɥɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ, ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤ-ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ”8. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ. ȼ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɥɟɤ-ɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɥɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɟ-ɦɚɧɬɢɤɨɣ, ɩɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɏ.ɉ. ɋɨɪɨɤɨɥɟɬɨɜɚ9, ɭɱɬɟɧɨ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɣ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ʌɚɪɢɧɚ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ „...ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɜɟɳɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ, ɛɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ. Ɍɚɤɨɜɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ”10. Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ (ɬ.ɟ. ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɰɜɟɬɭ, ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚ-________________ 5 ȼ.ɇ. Ɍ ɨ ɩ ɨ ɪ ɨ ɜ, Ɇɢɮ. Ɋɢɬɭɚɥ. ɋɢɦɜɨɥ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1995, c. 16. 6 Ɇ.ȼ. ɇ ɢ ɤ ɢ ɬ ɢ ɧ, Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1988, c. 57. 7 Cɦ. Ⱥɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1980, c. 213. 8 Ƚ.ȼ. ɋ ɭ ɞ ɚ ɤ ɨ ɜ, Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, [ɜ:] Ʌɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ XI–XVII ɜɜ., Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1991, ɫ. 27. 9 Ɏ.ɉ. ɋ ɨ ɪ ɨ ɤ ɨ ɥ ɟ ɬ ɨ ɜ, Ʌɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɹ, [ɜ:] ɂɫɫɥɟ-ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɟ, Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ 1980, ɫ. 8. 10 Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ʌ ɚ ɪ ɢ ɧ, ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ (ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɢɫɬɨɱ-ɧɢɤɢ), Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ–Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ 1936, c. 19.
ɦɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. „ȼ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɧɚɯ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ, ɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɟ, ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ, ɚ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ (ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɩɨ ɰɜɟɬɭ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɢ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ – ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ”11. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɥɨ-ɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚ-ɰɢɹɦɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ, ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɧɚɢɦɟ-ɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ ɨɛɳɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɶɧɨ-ɤɪɨɟɧɭɸ ɠɟɧɫɤɭɸ ɪɭɛɚɯɭ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɭɛɚɯɭ, ɫɲɢɬɭɸ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɢɳɚ, ɧɚ-ɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɢҁɰɟɣ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɭҁɯɨɣ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɺɧɤɨɣ, ɨɞɧɨɫɬɚҁɧɨɦ, ɨɞɧɨɫɬɚҁɧɤɨɣ. Ʌɟɤɫɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɢɰɚ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɭɯɚ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɺɧɤɚ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɨɣ – ‘ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɫɤɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ’. ȼ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɪɭɛɚɯɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɢɫɰɟҁɥɶɧɢɰɚ, ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɢҁ-ɰɚ. ɋɥɨɜɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɢɰɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ – ‘ɰɟɥɶɧɨ-ɤɪɨɟɧɵɣ, ɧɟ ɨɬɪɟɡɧɨɣ’. Ʉɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɞɢɧ – „ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɪɨɹ”. Ƚɪɚɧɚɬɭҁɪɧɢɤ, ɝɪɚɧɟɬɭҁɪɧɢɤ – ɲɬɨҁɮɧɢɤ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɲɟɥɤɨɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ’ (Ⱥɪɯ.). Ʌɟɤɫɟɦɚ ɲɬɨɮɧɢɤ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɜɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɚɪɟɥɶ-ɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ. Ɉɛɟ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɝɪɚɧɟɬɭɪ ɢ ɲɬɨɮ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɭɸ ɲɟɥɤɨɜɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ „ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ” ɭ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɳɢɣ, ɚ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ – ɪɚɡɧɵɟ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ: ɦɚɪɲɟҁɬɧɢɰɚ, ɝɪɢɛɨҁɜɧɢɰɚ ɢ ɛɨɪɭҁɲɤɚ. ȼɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɠɟɧɫɤɭɸ ɪɭɛɚɯɭ ɫ ɨɛɨɪɤɚɦɢ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɡ-ɧɚɤ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɯ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, – „ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɤ”. ȼ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɪɭɫ-ɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ ɨɛɨɪɤɢ, ɫɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɟɠɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚɦɢ ɦɚɪɲɟɬɵ, ɛɨɪɵ, ɝɪɢɛ. ɗɬɢ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ ɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ. Ʌɟɤ-ɫɟɦɚ ɝɪɢɛɨ̅ɜɧɢɰɚ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɜɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ. ɅɟɤɅɟɤ-ɫɟɦɚ ɦɚɪɲɟ̅ɬɧɢɰɚ – ɜ ɜɹɬɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ; ɜ ɜɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɦɚɧɲɟ̅ɬɧɢɰɚ. Ʌɟɤɫɟɦɚ ɛɨɪɭ̅ɲɤɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɚɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ, ɬɚɦ ɠɟ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ – ɛɨɪɨҁɱɧɢɰɚ. ȼ ɚɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɛɨɪɨҁɱɟɧɶɤɚ, ɛɨɪɨҁɱɟɧɤɚ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɝɨ-ɜɨɪɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɤɨҁɫɧɢɰɚ – ‘ɪɭɛɚɯɚ ɢɡ ɹɪɤɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɫ ɜɵɲɢɬɵɦ ɩɨɞɨɥɨɦ, ɧɚɞɟ-ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɹɫɨɦ ɛɟɡ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɨɫ ɢɥɢ ɠɚɬɜɭ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ., Ⱥɪɯ.). ȼ Ʉɚɞɧɢɤɨɜ-ɫɤɨɦ ɭɟɡɞɟ ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɩɨɞɨҁɥɶɧɢɰɚ. ȼ ɫɥɨɜɟ ɩɨ-________________ 11 əɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ: ɨɛɳɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1977, c. 25.
ɤɨɫɧɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ „ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ”, ɚ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɟ ɧɚɩɨɞɨɥɶɧɢɰɚ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ „ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ”. Ɇɚɪɟҁɞɧɢɤ ɢ ɬɨɥɫɬɭҁɯɚ – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɞɨɦɨɬɤɚɧɨɣ ɲɟɪɫɬɹɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɨɤɪɚ-ɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɪɟɧɨɣ’. Ʌɟɤɫɟɦɚ ɦɚɪɟɞɧɢɤ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɜɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɥɨɧɟɰ-ɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ, ɬɨɥɫɬɭɯɚ – ɜ ɜɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɨɥɨɧɟɰ-ɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ. Ʌɟɤɫɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ, ɤɚɤ „ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɤɚɧɢ”, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɲɶɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ, ɢ „ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ”. ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢ-ɱɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɨҁɥɶɧɢҁɤ ɢ ɞɨɥɶɧɨҁɣ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ – ‘ɫɚ-ɪɚɮɚɧ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɬɨɣ ɲɟɪɫɬɹɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ’ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.) Ʌɟɤ-ɫɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɚ ɞɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ – ɫɨ-ɫɬɚɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ʉɥɢɧɱɚҁɬɧɢɤ (ȼɹɬ.) ɢ ɬɪɨɟɤɥɢҁɧɨɤ (ȼɨɥɨɝ.) – ‘ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɫ ɤɥɢɧɶɹɦɢ’. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ „ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ”: ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɱɚɫɬ-ɧɵɟ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚ-ɤɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟ-ɬɨɜ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɦ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ: ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɭɛɚɯ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫ-ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧ ɲɶɟɬɫɹ (ɞɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɢɤ, ɝɚɪɭɫɧɢɤ, ɝɥɚɡɟɬɧɢɤ, ɤɢɬɚɟɱɧɢɤ, ɫɚɬɢɧɨɜɢɤ, ɲɬɨɮɧɢɤ, ɚɬɥɚɫɧɢɤ). ȼ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɭɛɚɯ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ (ɛɭɦɚɠɧɢɰɚ, ɩɨɧɢɬɤɚ). Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɫɚ-ɦɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɪɨɹ (ɛɨɪɨɱɧɢɰɚ, ɞɨɥɝɨɪɭɤɚɜɤɚ, ɧɚɦɵɲɧɢɰɚ, ɝɪɢɛɨɜɧɢɰɚ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɢɰɚ, ɨɞɧɨ-ɫɬɚɧ). ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɹ), ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ (ɤɨɫɬɵɱ, ɤɥɢɧɱɚɬɧɢɤ, ɤɪɭɝɥɹɤ, ɬɪɨɟɤɥɢɧɨɤ). ȼ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɪɭɛɚɯ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ (ɫɟɧɨɤɨɫɧɢɰɚ, ɩɨɤɨɫɧɢɰɚ, ɜɵɛɟɝɚɣɤɚ, ɜɚɥɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ, ɧɚɜɟɪɯɧɢɰɚ, ɢɫɩɨɞɤɚ). ȼ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɠɟ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧɨɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɧɟ ɧɚɲɟɥ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɋɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚ-ɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ. Ɍɤɚɧɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɢ ɬɨ, ɛɵɥ ɥɢ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɦ. ȼɢɞɢɦɨ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɫɚɪɚɮɚɧɚ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɞɧɨ-ɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ. „ɍɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɧɚɡɵɜɚ-ɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ ɧɚ-ɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ”12. ________________ 12 ȼ.ɇ. Ɍ ɨ ɩ ɨ ɪ ɨ ɜ, Ɉ.ɇ. Ɍ ɪ ɭ ɛ ɚ ɱ ɟ ɜ, Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɧɢɦɨɜ ȼɟɪɯ-ɧɟɝɨ ɉɪɢɞɧɟɫɬɪɨɜɶɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1962, c. 214.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɟ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɟɝɨ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɢɪ ɠɢɜɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɵ-ɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. Ɂɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɡɚ-ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɦɨɞɟ-ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ: ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚ-ɸɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɩɪɢɧɢɦɚ-ɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ, ɬ.ɟ. ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɦɢɪ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɰɟ-ɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨ-ɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ „ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɦɢɪɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨ-ɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɬ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɵɬɢɹ”, ɬɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ „ɩɨɝɪɭɡɢɬɶɫɹ” ɜ ɦɢɪ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ13. ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɬ Ⱥɪɯ. – Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ȼɟɪɯ. ȼɨɥɨɝ. – ȼɟɪɯɨɜɚɠɫɤɢɣ ɪ-ɧ ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ. ȼɨɥɨɝ. – ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ȼɹɬ. – ȼɹɬɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ Ʉɚɞɧ. ȼɨɥɨɝ. – Ʉɚɞɧɢɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɭɟɡɞ ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ. Ʉɚɪɝ. Ⱥɪɯ. – Ʉɚɪɝɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɪ-ɧ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ. Ʉɚɪɟɥ. – Ʉɚɪɟɥɢɹ Ʉɟɦ. Ⱥɪɯ. – Ʉɟɦɫɤɢɣ ɪ-ɧ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ. ɇɨɜɝ. – ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. Ɉɥɨɧ. – Ɉɥɨɧɟɰɤɚɹ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɹ Ɉɧɟɠ. Ʉɚɪɟɥ. – Ɉɧɟɠɫɤɢɣ ɪ-ɧ Ʉɚɪɟɥɢɢ ɉɢɧɟɠ. Ⱥɪɯ. – ɉɢɧɟɠɫɤɢɣ ɪ-ɧ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ. ɉɨɞɩ. Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪ. – ɉɨɞɩɨɪɨɠɫɤɢɣ ɪ-ɧ Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ. Ɍɨɬɟɦ. ȼɨɥɨɝ. – Ɍɨɬɟɦɫɤɢɣ ɪ-ɧ ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ. ɒɟɧɤ. Ⱥɪɯ. – ɒɟɧɤɭɪɫɤɢɣ ɪ-ɧ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ. ________________ 13 Cɦ., ɧɚɩɪ.: Ⱥ. ȼ ɟ ɠ ɛ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, əɡɵɤ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ. ɉɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1997; ȼ. Ƚ ɭ ɦ - ɛ ɨ ɥ ɶ ɞ ɬ, əɡɵɤ ɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2000; Ƚ.ȼ. Ʉ ɨ ɥ ɲ ɚ ɧ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, Ɉɛɴɟɤ-ɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɦɢɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɹɡɵɤɟ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1990; ȼ.Ʉ. ɉ ɚ ɜ ɟ ɥ, Ʌɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ, Ʉɢɲɢɧɟɜ 1983; Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉ ɨ ɬ ɟ ɛ ɧ ɹ, Ɇɵɫɥɶ ɢ ɹɡɵɤ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1999.
ɋɥɨɜɚɪɢ ȺɈɋ – Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ, ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ɉ.Ƚ. Ƚɟɰɨɜɨɣ, ɜɵɩ. 1–11, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1980–2001. ɋȼȽ – ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɜɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ɍ.Ƚ. ɉɚɧɢɤɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ, ɜɵɩ. 1–12, ȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ 1983–2007. ɋȽɊɋ – ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ, ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ⱥ.Ʉ. Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜɚ, ɜɵɩ. 1–3, ȿɤɚ- ɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ 2001–2005. ɋɊȽɄ – ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ Ʉɚɪɟɥɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɝɥ. ɪɟɞ. Ⱥ.ɋ. Ƚɟɪɞ, ɜɵɩ. 1–6, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 1994–2005. ɋɊɇȽ – ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɜɵɩ. 1–41, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ–Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ /ɋɚɧɤɬ--ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 1965–2007.
