Stary Różewicz czyta starego Staffa – i co z tego wynika?

193 6 7$ 5 <5 ™ ¿( : ,& =& = < 7$6 7$ 5 ( * 2 6 7$ )) $ļ,& 2=7 ( * 2: < 1 ,. $ " 3,27 5 3,( 7 5<&+*

6WDU\5öĝHZLF]F]\WD

VWDUHJR6WDIIDļLFR]WHJRZ\QLND"

 2GSRZLHGĮQDS\WDQLH]DZDUWHZW\WXOHZVHQVLHQDMEDUG]LHMNRQNUHWQ\P IDNWRJUDÀF]Q\PMHVWSURVWDZ\QLNLHPRZHJRF]\WDQLDMHVWF\NO$SSHQGL[, NWyU\P7DGHXV]5yİHZLF]]DPNQĈãWRP6]DUDVWUHIDZ\GDQ\ZURNX &\NOWRQLH]Z\Nã\SRHWDERZLHPZ\EUDãLSU]HGUXNRZDãG]LHZLčþSyĮQ\FK XWZRUyZ/HRSROGD6WDIIDLNDİG\]QLFKRSDWU]\ãVZHJRURG]DMXUHSOLNĈ]D- FKRZXMĈFW\WXãSLHUZRZ]RUX&DãRĤþRWZLHUDNUyWNLSUR]DWRUVNLZVWčSZNWy- U\PDXWRU6]DUHMVWUHI\VWZLHUG]LãİHMHVWWRÅWDNLHSU]HNRPDU]DQLHVLčSU]\-MDFLyãSRHWyZNWyU]\]ODWDPLGRMU]HOLGRSRJRGQHJRXĤPLHFKXµ1_ -HİHOL]DĤFKRG]LR]DDZDQVRZDQ\ZLHNREXSRHWyZWRWU]HEDRGQR- WRZDþİHZURNX5yİHZLF]XNRęF]\ãODW]NROHLZLHUV]H6WDIIDNWy-U\PL5yİHZLF]Z$SSHQGLNVLHVLč]DMĈãSRFKRG]Ĉ]RVWDWQLHJRRNUHVXZUčF] MHİHOLZLHU]\þZVSRPQLHQLRPVDPHJR5yİHZLF]D]RVWDWQLFKW\JRGQLİ\FLD DXWRUD6QyZRSRWčG]HNWyU\]PDUãZLRVQĈURNXZZLHNXODW ZLHU-V]HWH]RVWDã\]DĤRSXEOLNRZDQHZZ\GDQ\PMXİSRĤPLHUFL6WDIIDWRPLNX ']LHZLčþPX]:UDPDFKZVWčSQHMIDNWRJUDÀLZDUWRWHİSU]\SRPQLHþİHRG URNX5yİHZLF]XWU]\P\ZDã]H6WDIIHPSU]\MDFLHOVNLHNRQWDNW\DGR-ZRG\SU]\ZLĈ]DQLDGODÅ6WDUHJR3RHW\µMDN QD]\ZDã6WDIIDSLV]ĈFWRRNUH-ĤOHQLHZLHONLPLOLWHUDPL]QDOHĮþPRİQDZXWZRUDFKSRHW\FNLFK 5yİHZLF]D ZMHGQ\P]QLFKVWZLHUG]DãZSURVWÅ=QDãHPERJDSRH]MLµ ZGZXWHN-VWDFKZVSRPQLHQLRZ\FKSRĤZLčFRQ\FK6WDIIRZLZF]HĤQLHMV]\P]ODW Å=RVWDQLH SR PQLH SXVW\ SRNyMµ LSyĮQLHMV]\P]SRF]ĈWNXODW*DZčGD R

6WDI-ÀH 7XZLPLH L UyİDFK«DWDNİHZOLF]Q\FKZ]PLDQNDFKZLQQ\FKV]NLFDFK HVHMDFKLZ\ZLDGDFK5yİHZLF]D.LONDQDĤFLHODWSRĤPLHUFL6WDIID5yİHZLF]

_{8QLZHUV\WHW-DQD.RFKDQRZVNLHJRZ.LHOFDFK,QVW\WXW)LORORJLL3ROVNLHM=DNãDG}

/LWHUDWXU\SRURNXL7HRULL/LWHUDWXU\

1_{75yİHZLF]6]DUD VWUHID, :URFãDZV}

_{=REZVSRPQLHQLHR6WDIÀH75yİHZLF]Å=RVWDQLH SR PQLH SXVW\ SRNyMµ>Z@WHQİH3UR]D,} W.UDNyZV

_{7DN]DW\WXãRZDQ\ZLHUV]]QDMGXMHVLčZHZVSRPQLHQLXÅ=RVWDQLH SR PQLH SXVW\ SRNyMµ,} ]REWDPİHV²

194 3,27 5 3,( 7 5 < & + GHNODURZDã²U]HF]]QDPLHQQDZF]DVLHWHUDĮQLHMV]\P²İHSU]\MDĮę]H6WD-U\P3RHWĈMHVWGODQLHJRQDGDOLQLHXVWDMĈFRÅF]\PĤ>«@EDUG]RRVRELVW\P LFLĈJOHİ\Z\Pµ4_{LWDGHNODUDFMDGRG]LĤ]DFKRZXMHDNWXDOQRĤþ}5_

-HGQDNFKRþWHJR]DSHZQHPRİQDE\RF]HNLZDþ$SSHQGL[ z 6]DUHM VWUHI\ QLHMHVWMDNLPĤãDWZ\PGR]DDNFHSWRZDQLD]ZLHęF]HQLHPZĈWNXSU]\MDĮQL ]HÅ6WDU\P3RHWĈµZWZyUF]RĤFL5yİHZLF]D:ãDĤFLZLHZUčF]SU]HFLZQLH &\NOWHQSRGREQLHMDNFDã\WRPLNZNWyU\PVLčXND]DãZ\ZRãDãVNUDMQH RFHQ\DLFKUR]SLčWRĤþGREU]HLOXVWUXMHQDUDVWDMĈFĈNRQIX]MčZMDNĈZSUD- ZLDMĈRVWDWQLHSXEOLNDFMHSRHW\FNLHMHGQHJR]QDMZDİQLHMV]\FKZVSyãF]H-VQ\FKSROVNLFKSLVDU]\ 1LH]QDF]\WRRF]\ZLĤFLHİHZV]\VF\F]\WHOQLF\5yİHZLF]DVĈMHJR SyĮQ\PLXWZRUDPL]DNãRSRWDQL5DQJD$XWRUDZ\GDMHVLčVWDQRZLþVNX- WHF]Q\ÀOWUQLZHOXMĈF\DSU]\QDMPQLHMZ]QDF]Q\PVWRSQLXRVãDELDMĈF\SR- WU]HEčG\VWDQVXLUHÁHNVMLQDGW\PFRNRQWURZHUV\MQHF]\EXG]ĈFHZĈW-SOLZRĤFLZHIHNFLHIRUPXãRZDQLHRSLQLLVSURZDG]DVLčGRNRQVWUXRZDQLD PQLHMOXEEDUG]LHMZ\UDÀQRZDQ\FKSRFKZDãLZ\UD]yZX]QDQLD,WDNQD SU]\NãDG$QGU]HM=DZDGDGRVWU]HJãZZLHUV]DFK6]DUHM VWUHI\Å1DWXUDOQĈ QDU]XFDMĈFĈVLčMDNRRF]\ZLVWDORJLNčV]F]HURĤFLµNWyUDÅXGHU]DRGNU\Z-F]RĤFLĈLSURVWRWĈµ]DĤ$SSHQGL[F]\WDã]SU]\MHPQRĤFLĈLUDGRĤFLĈÅMDNĈ GDMHXURGDPĈGUHMV]WXNLµLMHG\QLHGHOLNDWQLH]D]QDF]\ãG\VWDQVGRQLH-NWyU\FKLQQ\FKZLHUV]\WRPXNWyUHZRODãE\]REDF]\þZQRZ\PZ\GDQLX

satyrycznych 8ĤPLHFKyZ

3U]\NãDGXHQWX]MD]PXMHGQR]QDF]QHJRLFDã- NRZLWHJRGRVWDUF]DSRĤZLčFRQ\$SSHQGLNVRZLWHNVWNU\W\NDLSRHW\7DGH- XV]D'ĈEURZVNLHJRNWyU\²URELčWXNRODİ]NLONXQDMEDUG]LHMHNVSUHV\Z-Q\FKVIRUPXãRZDę²ZÅJHQLDOQ\P$SSHQGLNVRZ\P NRQFHSFLHµGRVWU]HJã SRSURVWXLDİÅWUDNWDWRLVWRFLHGLDORJXRLGHLGLDORJXµGLDORJXXMDZQLDMĈ-FHJRÅFXGRZQĈZ]DMHPQĈRWZDUWRĤþSU]HVWURQQ\FKLQLHSRVSROLW\FKGXV]µ ZFKRG]ĈF\FKZÅSRQDGZHUEDOQ\NRQWDNWµ_ -DNNROZLHNZ\GDZDþWRVLčPRİHWUXGQHMHV]F]HGDOHMSRV]HGã-DQXV] 'U]HZXFNL 3LV]ĈFR6]DUHM VWUHÀHSRUXV]DVLčRQZUHMRQDFKZ\VRNLHMVW\OL-VW\F]QHMHJ]DOWDFML²MDNRUHSUH]HQWDW\ZQĈSUyENčVW\OXSU]\ZRãDþPRİQD VWZLHUG]HQLHİHPRİOLZRĤþSR]QDZDQLDQRZ\FKGRNRQDęWZyUF]\FK5y-İHZLF]DMHVWÅSU]\ZLOHMHPDOHUyZQLHİ]DV]F]\WHPµQDMEDUG]LHMMHGQDN ]GXPLHZD]DNRęF]HQLHUHFHQ]ML'U]HZXFNLHJR =DFRNRFKDP\7DGHXV]D5yİHZLF]D"5]HF]RF]\ZLVWD]DWRİHZLHONLP SRHWĈMHVWDPLPRWHJRSLV]HZLHUV]HG]LčNLNWyU\PQLHMHVWHĤP\DİWDN bardzo samotni_ 0DP\WXFRNROZLHNSHQVMRQDUVNLHZWRQLHVIRUPXãRZDQLHSRİ\WNyZ MDNLH]F]\WDQLDSRH]MLZ\QLNDMĈDOHWHİFRFLHNDZV]HSRMDZLDVLčDOX]MD GR*RPEURZLF]D$OX]MD]DG]LZLDMĈFDER]MHGQHMVWURQ\WUXGQRQDZHW 4_{7DPİHV}

5_{=REQSZLHUV]&R Vã\FKDþ]WRPX.XS NRWD Z ZRUNX ZRUN LQ SURJUHVV:URFãDZV} _{$=DZDGD6]DUD VWUHID Z SRH]MLÅ1RZH.VLĈİNLµQUV}

_{7'ĈEURZVNL7DG]LD ] 3ROGNLHP UR]PRZ\Å7RSRVµQU²V} _{-'U]HZXFNL7DGHXV] -XGD ] 5DGRPVNDÅ7ZyUF]RĤþµQUV}

195 67 $ 5 < 5™¿ ( : ,&= &= < 7$ 67 $ 5 ( * 2 67 $ )) $ ļ , &2 = 7( * 2 :< 1 ,. $ " SU]\SXĤFLþİHQLHĤZLDGRPDLSU]\SDGNRZD]GUXJLHM²'U]HZXFNL]GDMH VLčEUDþZQDZLDVJURWHVNRZRNU\W\F]Q\Z\GĮZLčNVã\QQHMOHNFMLSRO-VNLHJR])HUG\GXUNH LĤPLDãRZFKRG]LZUROčSURIHVRUD%ODGDF]NLQDMZ\-UDĮQLHMSU]HNRQDQ\İHZLHONRĤþSRH]ML5yİHZLF]DZSU]HFLZLHęVWZLHGR ZLHONRĤFLSRH]ML6ãRZDFNLHJR²"MHVWQLHNZHVWLRQRZDQDLQLHNZHVWLRQR- ZDOQDFRFDãNRZLFLHLPSUHJQXMHLUHFHQ]HQWDLSU]HGPLRWMHJR]DFKZ\-WyZQDZV]HONLHGZX]QDF]QRĤFL :EDUG]LHMZ\ZDİRQ\FKRSLQLDFKR6]DUHM VWUHÀHSRFKZDã\QLHE\ã\MXİ WDNEH]ZDUXQNRZHSUREOHPHPGODUHFHQ]HQWyZRND]Dã\VLčPRW\Z\]E\W JRUĈFHMLQLHSU]HWUDZLRQHMSRHW\FNRSXEOLF\VW\NLREHFQHMZXWZRUDFKWRPX PRW\Z\EXG]ĈFHMHİHOLQLHNU\W\NčWRSRWU]HEčXVSUDZLHGOLZLHQLD-DFHNâX-NDVLHZLF]WãXPDF]\ãSXEOLF\VW\Nč5yİHZLF]DĤZLDGRP\PSU]\MčFLHPSU]H] SRHWčUROLÅZHUHG\F]QHJRG]LDG]LXVLDµNU\W\NSRF]XãVLčMHGQDNZRER- ZLĈ]NXGRU]XFLþÅ*G\QLHXVã\V]\P\ZSHZQ\PZLHUV]DFKJãRVX5yİHZL-F]DPRİHQDVUD]LþMHJRGRZFLSW\SVDW\U\²WRSUDZGDµ9_ =DVDGQLF]HS\WDQLHNWyUHVLčWXSRMDZLDWRS\WDQLHRNU\WHULDSR]ZD- ODMĈFHUR]VWU]\JQĈþF]\yZÅJãRV5yİHZLF]DµGDZQHJRMHVWU]HF]\ZLĤFLHMD-NRĤZ6]DUHM VWUHÀHREHFQ\LMHG\QLHPDVNRZDQ\WRQHPÅZHUHG\F]QHJRG]LD-G]LXVLDµF]\WHİPRİHyZÅJãRVµZSURZDG]DMĈGRWRPXF]\WHOQLF\]QDMĈF\ GDZQĈWZyUF]RĤþSRHW\LSU]H]MHMSU\]PDWF]\WDMĈF\MHJRQRZHXWZRU\1LH- ]DOHİQLHMHGQDNRGWHJRMDNLHMXG]LHOLVLčQDWRS\WDQLHRGSRZLHG]LVWZLHU-G]LþWU]HEDİHZĤUyGUHFHQ]ML6]DUHM VWUHI\SRMDZLã\VLčUyZQLHİWDNLHNWyUH GRZRG]ĈİHQDZHWF]\WHOQLF\NRPSHWHQWQLPDMĈSUREOHP]XVã\V]HQLHP ÅJãRVX5yİHZLF]DµZXWZRUDFK]WHJRWRPX -HGQR]QDF]QLHQHJDW\ZQLHQRZĈSXEOLNDFMčSRHW\FNĈ5yİHZLF]DRFH-QLãZURNX3LRWU0LFKDãRZVNLÅ6]DUĈ VWUHIč Z\SHãQLDUR]ZOHNãDDQDOL]D ZVSyãF]HVQRĤFLSRGV]\WDSDVMĈSRZLHU]FKRZQHJRSXEOLF\VW\L]ãRĤOLZHJR VDW\U\NDNWyU\MHGQDNXWUDFLãRVWURĤþZLG]HQLDµ²VDW\U\NDZGRGDWNXSR-VãXJXMĈFHJRVLčÅSRHW\NĈWU]HFLRU]čGQHJRNDEDUHWXµ1DW\PWOHXPLHĤFLþ WU]HEDXZDJL0LFKDãRZVNLHJRR$SSHQGLNVLHSURZDG]ĈFHGRNRQVWDWDFMLİH MHVWWRÅQDMJRUV]DF]čĤþWRPXµ10_ :LQQHMEDUG]RRVRELVWHMVW\OLVW\FHZ\UDİDVZRMHUR]F]DURZDQLH$SSHQ-GLNVHP0DãJRU]DWD%DUDQRZVND5HFHQ]XMĈFV]DUĈ VWUHIč, Baranowska z wyro-]XPLDãRĤFLĈRGQLRVãDVLčQDZHWGRSDVMLSXEOLF\VW\F]QHM5yİHZLF]DMHGQDN SUDZLHSRãRZčREV]HUQHJRWHNVWXSRĤZLčFLãD$SSHQGLNVRZL²SRQLHZDİE\ãD QLPDXWHQW\F]QLH]EXOZHUVRZDQDMDNRZLHUQDF]\WHOQLF]NDLPLãRĤQLF]ND]D- UyZQR6WDIIDMDNL5yİHZLF]D-HM]GDQLHP5yİHZLF]SLV]ĈFZLHUV]HQDNDQ-ZLHXWZRUyZ6WDIIDQLHW\OHVLč]DXWRUHP']LHZLčFLX PX]ÅSU]HNRPDU]DµMDN VDPWZLHUG]LãLOHJRQDWUčWQLHÅSU]HGU]HĮQLDµZEUHZGHNODUDFMRPV\PSDWLL LSU]\ZLĈ]\ZDQLD%DUDQRZVNDSU]\]QDMH]DXWHQW\F]QĈEH]UDGQRĤFLĈÅ1LH UR]XPLHPGODF]HJR5yİHZLF]NRFKDMĈF\6WDUHJR3RHWčWHUD]ZWDNLVSRVyE SRQLPSLV]H1LHUR]XPLHPGODF]HJRSLV]HVSUHMHPSR6WDIÀHµ11_ 9_{-âXNDVLHZLF]1LHVIDãV]RZDQ\ VHQV VãyZÅ:LčĮµQUV} 10_{30LFKDãRZVNLģZLDWãR PLčG]\ ZLHUV]DPLÅ$UNXV]µQUV} 11_{0%DUDQRZVND.RFKDþ 5yİHZLF]D"Å5HV3XEOLFD1RZDµQUV}

196 3,27 5 3,( 7 5 < & + 2 1LHEčGčXNU\ZDãİHSRGREQLHMDN0LFKDãRZVNLL%DUDQRZVNDMHVWHPJãXFK\ QDÅJãRV5yİHZLF]DµZ$SSHQGLNVLHLFKFLDãE\PVLčZW\PV]NLFX]DMĈþGDOHNĈ RGMHGQR]QDF]QRĤFLNZHVWLĈUHODFML5yİHZLF]²6WDII:EUHZERZLHPVãRZRP DXWRUD6]DUHM VWUHI\MHJR$SSHQGL[ SURZRNXMHQLHGRÅSRJRGQHJRXĤPLHFKXµ DOHSU]HFLZQLHZãDĤQLHGRNU\W\F]QHJRVSRMU]HQLDQDWčUHODFMč %DUG]RWUDIQH Z\GDMHVLčRNUHĤOHQLH%DUDQRZVNLHMİH5yİHZLF]ÅSLV]HVSUHMHPSR6WDIÀHµER QLHW\ONRF\WXMč%DUDQRZVNĈÅVWDZLDVLčQDSR]LRPLHVNU]HF]ĈFHMU]HF]\ZLVWR-ĤFLİHE\W\ONRGRSLHFSLčNQRGXFKRVWZX6WDIIDµ QLHW\ONR]DPLHQLDSRHW\F- NLHRJyOQLNLQDUHDOLDPDãRSRZDEQHMFRG]LHQQRĤFLDOHURELWR]NRQVHNZHQ-FMĈWDNXSRUF]\ZĈİHWUXGQRRSU]HþVLčVNRMDU]HQLX]EUDNLHP]UR]XPLHQLD GODNRQZHQFMLOLWHUDFNLFKRMDNLWREUDNVNãRQQLE\OLE\ĤP\SRGHMU]HZDþZãD-ĤQLHRVREQLNDPDİĈFHJRVSUHMHPSRPXU]H ,OXVWUDFMĈPRİHE\þWXWRFR5yİHZLF]UREL]SHUHãNĈSyĮQHMSRH]ML6WDIID wierszykiem :LHF]yU 6WDII /HİčQDãRG]L :ZLHF]RUQHMFLV]\ *ZLD]G\QDGHPQĈ *ZLD]G\SRGHPQĈ ,JZLD]G\ZHPQLH 5yİHZLF] /HİčQDVWDU\PWDSF]DQLH ]HVSUčİ\QĈZERNX QDGHPQĈNWRĤZDOLPãRWHP SRGHPQĈNWRĤZDOLPãRWHP ZF]DV]FHĤZLGUXMHVĈVLDGND]JyU\ ]DĤFLDQĈFKDUF]ĈVWDUHUXU\ Å]DMDNLHZLQ\µS\WDPJZLD]G LVã\V]čMčNVWDUHMVSUčİ\Q\ ÅNDİG\PDVZRMHJR.DQWDµ LSLHNãRÅGDQWDµ :SLHUZV]\PPRPHQFLHPRİHVLčZ\GDZDþİHW\PFRUyİQLREDZLHU- V]HMHVWRGPLHQQRĤþV\WXDFMLZNWyUHM]QDOHĮOLVLčLFKERKDWHURZLH-HG-QDNRJyOQLNRZRĤþMHMSUH]HQWDFMLX6WDIIDX]P\VãDZLDİHQLHFKRG]LãRPX RXWUZDOHQLHİDGQHMFKRþE\QDMEDUG]LHMV]NLFRZR]DU\VRZDQHMNRQNUHWQHM V\WXDFMLDOHRVWZRU]HQLHUHWRU\F]Q\FKZDUXQNyZZNWyU\FKPRİHVLčZ\-GDU]\þMHG\QHZW\PZLHUV]XÅZ\GDU]HQLHµSU]HNV]WDãFHQLH.DQWRZVNLHM PDNV\P\=UHV]WĈWDNİHX5yİHZLF]DSUH]HQWDFMDWU\ZLDOQHMLGRNXF]OLZHM _7DPİH _{75yİHZLF]6]DUD VWUHID«V²}

197 67 $ 5 < 5™¿ ( : ,&= &= < 7$ 67 $ 5 ( * 2 67 $ )) $ ļ , &2 = 7( * 2 :< 1 ,. $ " FRG]LHQQRĤFLMHVWXPRZQDWUXGQRSU]HFLHİ]DSUDZGRSRGREQ\X]QDþ]PD-VRZDQ\DWDNUHPRQWyZXVĈVLDGyZ7RFRRGPLHQQHZGZX:LHF]RUDFK to RVWDWHF]QLHGZLHNRQZHQFMHSRHW\FNLHJRPyZLHQLDLZEUHZVXSR]\FML5y- İHZLF]DEčGĈFHMSRGVWDZRZ\PNRQFHSWHP$SSHQGLNVXSRZUDFDMĈFHMSUDN- W\F]QLHZHZV]\VWNLFKÅUHSOLNDFKµZLHUV]\6WDIIDQLHMHVWRF]\ZLVWHGOD-F]HJRWDXİ\ZDQDSU]H]5yİHZLF]DHSDWXMĈFDÅVNU]HF]ĈFĈU]HF]\ZLVWRĤFLĈµ PLDãDE\E\þEOLİV]DMDNLHMĤÅSUDZG]LHµRU]HF]\ZLVWRĤFLDW\PVDP\POHS-V]DEDUG]LHMZDUWRĤFLRZD :SU]\SDGNX:LHF]RUX QDMEDUG]LHMMHGQDN]DVNDNXMHX5yİHZLF]DSR-ZLHU]FKRZQRĤþRGF]\WDQLDZLHUV]DÅ6WDUHJR3RHW\µ:EUHZVXJHVWLLDXWRUD 6]DUHM VWUHI\ZLHUV]\N6WDIIDQLHSRND]XMHİHPDRQÅVZHJR.DQWDµDOHGR- NãDGQLHRGZURWQLH3U]HNV]WDãFHQLHVã\QQHM.DQWRZVNLHMPDNV\P\ZSURZD-G]DGRQLHZLHONLHJRXWZRUXQLHSRNRMĈFHLZLHOR]QDF]QHVXJHVWLH6WDIIRZVNL ERKDWHUMHVWMDNE\]DZLHV]RQ\ZNRVPLF]QHMSU]HVWU]HQLLGRQLHMXSRGRE- QLRQ\ZSU]HVWU]HQLZNWyUHMQLHPDİDGQHJRSUDZDPRUDOQHJRİDGQHMDN- VMRORJLF]QHMEXVROL7HQSR]RUQLHQLHZLQQ\ZLHUV]\NNDİHP\ĤOHþLRGUDPD- W\F]Q\FKZ\GDU]HQLDFKZİ\FLXRVRELVW\P6WDIID²MHJRİRQD]PDUãDSRFLčİ-NLHMFKRURELHNLONDPLHVLčF\SU]HGQLP²LRZ\GDU]HQLDFKNWyU\FKDXWRUE\ã ĤZLDGNLHPZFLĈJXRVWDWQLFKNLONXQDVWXODWİ\FLDDNWyUH]QLV]F]\ã\GDZQ\ ĤZLDWLGDZQHZDUWRĤFL5yİHZLF]DWHVXJHVWLHZ\GDMĈVLč]XSHãQLHQLHLQWHUH- VRZDþRELHNWHPÅSU]HNRPDU]DQLDµF]\QLTXDVLVLHODQNRZĈVW\OLVW\Nč]DSR-PRFĈNWyUHM]RVWDã\ZSURZDG]RQH 5yİHZLF]E\ZDSRZLHU]FKRZQ\PF]\WHOQLNLHP6WDIIDF]DVHPWDNİHQLH GRNRęFDORMDOQ\P0LPRİHSRSU]HG]Lã$SSHQGL[ZVWčSHPQLHRNUHĤOLãMDVQR QDF]\PSROHJDV]F]HJyOQ\FKDUDNWHUZLHUV]\NWyU\FKXİ\ãGRÅSU]HNRPDU]D-QLDVLčµ&RSUDZGDZVSRPLQDRF\NOX6WDIIRZVNLP$OD PD NRWD, NWyUHJRWZR-U]HQLHE\ãRGODGRĤZLDGF]RQHJRSRHW\ZRVWDWQLFKW\JRGQLDFKİ\FLDÅQDXNĈ SLVDQLDµDOHRVWDWHF]QLHVWZLHUG]HQLHÅQDSLVDãHP$SSHQGL[GR7ZRMHJR>F]\OL 6WDIID²33@Z\GDQHJRSRĤPLHUFLWRPX']LHZLčþ PX]µ14 MHVWRJyOQLNRZHLQLH-SUHF\]\MQHQDG]LHZLčþZLHUV]\6WDIIDSU]\ZRãDQ\FKZ$SSHQ GLNVLH z 6]DUHM VWUHI\RVLHPSRFKRG]L]$SSHQGLNVX]DPLHV]F]RQHJRZ']LHZLčFLX 0X]DFK i no-V]ĈFHJRZãDĤQLHW\WXã$OD PD NRWD15_{7RZDİQDLQIRUPDFMD]DUyZQRERZLHP} VWDWXVGRGDWNXGRWRPXMDNLHOHPHQWDU]RZ\W\WXãZVND]XMĈQDV]F]HJyOQ\ FKDUDNWHUZLHUV]\NWyUH6WDIIXPLHĤFLãZVZRLP$SSHQGLNVLHVĈWRQLHZLHONLH XWZRU\F]čVWRRSDUWHQDMč]\NRZ\PİDUFLHSDUDGRNVLHF]\NDODPEXU]HFR ]UHV]WĈQLHZ\NOXF]DMDNSRND]XMHFKRFLDİE\:LHF]yU, SRZDİQHMSUREOHPD-W\NLSU]HND]\ZDQHMMHGQDNZVSRVyESURVW\LODSLGDUQ\$SSHQGLNVRZL6WDIID z ']LHZLčFLX 0X]SDWURQRZDã]DSHZQH-DQ.RFKDQRZVNLLMHJRIUDV]NLWãX-PDF]HQLHãDFLęVNLFKIUDV]HNF]DUQROHVNLHJRSRHW\WRMHGQD]RVWDWQLFKSUDF SU]HNãDGRZ\FK6WDIID_ 'ODF]HJR5yİHZLF]QLHMDVQRRNUHĤODFRMHVWSU]HGPLRWHPÅSU]HNRPD-U]DQLDµ"%\þPRİHWRQLHGRSDWU]HQLHNRJRĤNWRĤZLHWQLH]QDWZyUF]RĤþ6WDIID 14_{7DPİHV} 15_{:LHUV]G]LHZLĈW\7RãVWRMFRSUDZGDIRUPDOQLHGRWHJRF\NOXQLHQDOHİ\DOHFKRþE\} ]H Z]JOčGX QD VZRMĈ ]ZLč]ãRĤþ ² WR F]WHURZLHUV] ² GREU]H SU]\VWDMH GR ]DZDUW\FK Z QLP XWZRUyZ

198 3,27 5 3,( 7 5 < & + LRGUXFKRZRSU]\SLVXMHWDNLVWDQF]\WHOQLNRP_{7UXGQRMHGQDNFDãNRZLFLH}

RSU]HþVLčSRGHMU]HQLXİHDXWRU 6]DUHM VWUHI\ PQLHMOXEEDUG]LHMĤZLDGRPLH ]DFLHUDĤODG\ER]DP\VãDE\]DSRPRFĈWU\ZLDOQ\FKUHDOLyZFRG]LHQQRĤFL ÅSU]HNRPDU]DþµVLč]XWZRUDPLNWyUHPDQLIHVWXMĈVZRMĈNRQZHQFMRQDOQRĤþ ÅIUDV]NRZDWRĤþµLVZHJRURG]DMXQDLZQRĤþ²$SSHQGL[6WDIIDSU]\SRPLQDP QRVLãSRGW\WXã$OD PD NRWD ² MHVWMXİQDZVWčSLHWUXGQ\GRDNFHSWDFML$QLH- GRSRZLHG]HQLH5yİHZLF]D²GRGDþWU]HED²QDMZ\UDĮQLHMZSã\QčãRQDVSR-VyEZMDNLRGF]\WDQRMHJR$SSHQGL[IDNWİHSU]\ZRãDQHXWZRU\6WDIIDPDMĈ VSHF\ÀF]Q\FKFKDUDNWHUMHVWSU]H]ZLčNV]RĤþDXWRUyZSLV]ĈF\FKRW\PF\-NOXLJQRURZDQ\WUXGQRUR]VWU]\JQĈþF]\QLHVĈWHJRIDNWXĤZLDGRPLF]\ WHİSRGĈİDMĈF]D5yİHZLF]HPX]QDMĈJR]DQLHLVWRWQ\_ 3 $OHMHİHOLPRİQD²DPRİQDLWU]HED²PyZLþR5yİHZLF]XMDNRDXWRU]HZDİ- QHJRVSRVREXF]\WDQLD6WDIIDWRSU]\ZRãDþQDOHİ\IDNWQLHSRPLHUQLHZDİ-QLHMV]\QLİQLHGRSRZLHG]HQLH]HZVWčSXGR$SSHQGLNVX5yİHZLF]ZLVWRWQ\ VSRVyEZSã\QĈãQDUHFHSFMčWZyUF]RĤFLDXWRUD:LNOLQ\DNOXF]RZĈUROčRGH-JUDãDZW\PZ]JOčG]LHRSUDFRZDQDSU]H]QLHJRDQWRORJLD]DW\WXãRZDQDKto MHVt tHQ G]LZQ\ QLH]QDMoP\RSXEOLNRZDQDSRUD]SLHUZV]\ZURNX.VLĈİNč WčVNRPSRQRZDã5yİHZLF]RU\JLQDOQLHSU]HSODWDMĈFZLHUV]HSU]HGHZV]\VW-NLP6WDIIDPãRGHJRPãRGRSROVNLHJR]W\PLNWyUHDXWRU6QyZ o SotčG]H na- SLVDãZRVWDWQLFKODWDFKİ\FLDLVWRWQĈF]čĤþDQWRORJLLVWDQRZLãRWDNİH3oVão-ZLH19_{0DRQRVZRERGQĈNRQVWUXNFMčVNãDGDVLč]G]LHZLčFLXOXĮQR]HVREĈ} SRZLĈ]DQ\FKIUDJPHQWyZEXGRZDQ\FKZGXİ\PVWRSQLX]REV]HUQ\FKF\WD- WyZWDNREV]HUQ\FKİHVIRUPXãRZDQLDSRFKRG]ĈFHEH]SRĤUHGQLRRG5yİHZL-F]DQLHVWDQRZLĈ]DSHZQHQDZHWSRãRZ\]DZDUWRĤFLWHJRWHNVWX1LH]PLHQLD WRMHGQDNIDNWXİH3oVãoZLH MHVWEDUG]RZDİQ\P]DSLVHPSU]HNRQDęDXWRUD QDWHPDWSRH]ML²SU]HNRQDęIRUPXãRZDQ\FKZ]ZLĈ]NX]SRH]MĈ6WDIIDFR

_{ : *DZčG]LH o 6tDIÀH 7XZLPLH L UyİDFK« 5yİHZLF] ZVSRPLQD İH F]čVWR UR]PDZLDã} ]H6WDIIHPPLQR.RFKDQRZVNLPSU]\WDF]DWDNİHGHG\NDFMčQDWRPLNX]DZLHUDMĈF\PSU]H-NãDG)oULFoHQLyZÅ2GUDµQUV

_{'RFKRG]LWXQDZHWGRQDVZyMVSRVyE]DEDZQ\FKQLHSRUR]XPLHę-RDQQD*UĈG]LHO} :yMFLNDXWRUNDV]NLFXSRĤZLčFRQHJR$SSHQGLNVoZL5yİHZLF]DRSLVDQ\PSU]H]6WDIIDF\NOX

$OD PD NotD ZVSRPLQD]D5yİHZLF]HPDOHWDNİHSRGĈİDMĈF]D5yİHZLF]HPQLHQDGDMH tej

Z]PLDQFHİDGQHMZDUWRĤFLLQWHUSUHWDF\MQHM QDWRPLDVW]QLHMDNLP]DNãRSRWDQLHPNRQVWDWXMH İHZ\NRU]\VWDQHZ$SSHQGLNVLHZLHUV]H6WDIIDÅWUĈFĈLQIDQW\OL]PHPµ=RE-*UĈG]LHO:yMFLN

6tDII L 5yİHZLF] F]\OL GLDOoJ Å6tDU\FK 3oHtyZµ, >Z@3oH]MD /HoSoOGD 6tDIID

,QtHUSUHtDFMHUHG$&]D-EDQRZVND:UyEHO33UyFKQLDNL06WDOD.UDNyZV'RV]NLFX*UĈG]LHO:yMFLN MHV]F]HSRZUyFčERMHVWPRGHORZ\PZUčF]SU]\NãDGHPFDãNRZLWHMXOHJãRĤFLZREHFVXJHVWLL LQWHUSUHWDF\MQ\FKSRGVXZDQ\FKSU]H]5yİHZLF]D 19_{7HNVWWHQSU]HGUXNRZ\ZDQ\MHVWZ]ELRUDFKV]NLFyZ5yİHZLF]DSRGW\WXãHPNWyU\} QRVLVDPDDQWRORJLDKto MHVt tHQ G]LZQ\ QLH]QDMoP\1RWDEHQHW\WXãWHQ5yİHZLF]]DF]HUSQĈã ]ZLHUV]D6WDIIDLGR6WDIID]DVWRVRZDãFRMHVW]DELHJLHPU\]\NRZQ\PLP\OĈF\P6WDIIRZVNL ÅQLH]QDMRP\µWRQLHSRHWDDOH²%yJ=RE33UyFKQLDNÅKto MHVt tHQ G]LZQ\ QLH]QDMoP\"µ L NLOND

LQQ\FK S\tDę>Z@3oH]MD /HoSoOGD

6tDIID«V²3oVãoZLHF\WXMč]DGUXJLPZ\GDQLHPDQ-WRORJLL/6WDIIKto MHVt tHQ G]LZQ\ QLH]QDMoP\ :\EyU SoH]MLZ\EyUXNãDGLSRVãRZLH75yİH- ZLF]:DUV]DZD&\WDW\LRGZRãDQLDORNDOL]XMčZWHNĤFLHJãyZQ\PSRVNUyFLH3SRGD-MĈFQXPHUVWURQ\

199 67 $ 5 < 5™¿ ( : ,&= &= < 7$ 67 $ 5 ( * 2 67 $ )) $ ļ , &2 = 7( * 2 :< 1 ,. $ " ZW\PSU]\SDGNXR]QDF]D]DUyZQRİHWDSRH]MDVWDãDVLčLPSXOVHPGRLFK VIRUPXãRZDQLDMDNLWRİHMHVW]QLPL]ZLĈ]DQDXMčWDZLFKSHUVSHNW\ZLH :3oVãoZLX 5yİHZLF]SUH]HQWXMH6WDIIDMDNRXF]HVWQLNDÅGUDPDWX ZVSyãF]HVQHJRGUDPDWXDNWXDOQHJRµGZXG]LHVWRZLHF]QHMSRH]MLNWyUD VNRQIURQWRZDQD]JUR]ĈZ\GDU]HęKLVWRU\F]Q\FK]PXV]RQD]RVWDãDGRRG- U]XFHQLDHVWHW\]XMĈF\FKNRQFHSFMLRGHUZDQHMRGİ\FLDSRH]MLÅWDęFDµÅ7D- QLHFSRH]ML]DNRęF]\ãVZyMİ\ZRWZRNUHVLHGUXJLHMZRMQ\ĤZLDWRZHMZRER-]DFKNRQFHQWUDF\MQ\FKVWZRU]RQ\FKSU]H]V\VWHP\WRWDOLWDUQHµ:HIHNFLH yZÅWDQLHFµVWDMHVLčQLHPRİOLZ\ERQLHHW\F]Q\ÅMč]\N0X]µGDZQHMSR-H]ML]RVWDMH]DVWĈSLRQ\ÅMč]\NLHPOXG]NLPµÅVSUR]DL]RZDQ\Pµ_{, a zamiast} ZLHUV]\SLVDQHVĈXWZRU\NWyUHZLHUV]DPLMXİQLHVĈDOHVĈÅRNUHĤOHQLHP V\WXDFMLZMDNLHM]QDOD]ãVLčSRHWD>«@LQIRUPDFMĈSU]HND]DQĈSU]H]SR- HWčLQQ\POXG]LRPµ3²7DNLPQLHZLHUV]HPÅRNUHĤOHQLHPV\WX-DFMLµMHVWGOD5yİHZLF]D]DPLHV]F]RQ\Z']LHZLčFLX 0X]DFKXWZyU6WDIID 3U]HEXG]HQLH -HVWĤZLW $OHQLHMHVWMDVQR -HVWHPQDSyã]EXG]RQ\ $GRNRãDQLHãDG &RĤWU]HED]ZLĈ]Dþ &RĤWU]HED]ãĈF]\þ 5R]VWU]\JQĈþFRĤ 1LFQLHZLHP 1LHPRJč]QDOHĮþEXWyZ 1LHPRJč]QDOHĮþVLHELH %ROLPQLHJãRZD 8WZyUWHQU]HF]\ZLĤFLHXGHU]DMĈFRNRQVHNZHQWQLHVSUR]DL]RZDQ\ ZZDUVWZLHVW\OLVW\F]QHM5yİHZLF]X]QDMH]DVZHJRURG]DMXSXQNWGRFH-ORZ\SRH]MLDXWRUD']LHZLčFLX 0X]]DÅZ\]QDQLHµNWyU\PÅNRęF]\VLčİ\-FLRU\VSRHW\FNLµ6WDIID3

$XWRUDQWRORJLLKto MHVt tHQ G]LZQ\ QLH]QDMoP\ GRNRQDãZ\ERUXZLHUV]\ L]LQWHUSUHWRZDãG]LHMHWZyUF]RĤFL6WDIIDÅWHQGHQF\MQLHµMDNWRRNUHĤOLã0L-FKDã*ãRZLęVNLUHFHQ]XMĈFZURNXWčDQWRORJLč*ãRZLęVNLXİ\ã]UHV]WĈ WHJRRNUHĤOHQLDZVHQVLHSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPRSLVRZ\PSRQLHZDİHG\WRUVNLH ]DGDQLHNWyUHJRSRGMĈãVLčDXWRU1LHSoNoMXRSUDFRZXMĈFDQWRORJLč]RVWDãR Z\NRQDQHSU]H]SRHWčDQLHSU]H]KLVWRU\NDOLWHUDWXU\ 3DWU]\ERZLHPQDWč>6WDIID²33@WZyUF]RĤþSRSU]H]ZãDVQĈSRHW\Nč ]SHUVSHNW\Z\SUREOHPyZNWyUHMHPXZ\GDMĈVLčQDMZDİQLHMV]H>«@5R]-ZDİDQLDR6WDIÀHVĈZXMčFLX5yİHZLF]DVSRVREHPZ\UDİHQLDPQLHPDę RSRH]MLZRJyOHVĈWDNİHX]DVDGQLHQLHPZãDVQHMSRHW\NL=QDNRPLW\ _{ 2GQRWRZDþ Z\SDGD İH RG WHJR RNUHĤOHQLD 5yİHZLF] VLč G\VWDQVXMH ]DSHZQH} ]HZ]JOčGXQDHZHQWXDOQHQHJDW\ZQHNRQRWDFMH%čGčJRMHGQDNXİ\ZDãERMHVWVW\OLVW\F]QLH SRUčF]QH

200 3,27 5 3,( 7 5 < & + SRHWDSLV]ĈFRVZ\P]QDNRPLW\PSRSU]HGQLNXQLHMDNRU]XWXMHZMHJR WZyUF]RĤþWRFRMHVWGODQLHJRSDOĈF\P]DJDGQLHQLHPZãDVQHJRSLVDQLD_ &KRþMDNGRZRG]LUHFHQ]MD*ãRZLęVNLHJRPRİOLZ\E\ãZURNXG\-VWDQVGRVSRVREXZMDNL5yİHZLF]RGF]\W\ZDã6WDIIDUHFHQ]MčWčSU]\ZRãXMč ]HZ]JOčGXQDMHMZ\MĈWNRZRĤþSR]ZDODMĈFĈW\PZ\UDĮQLHM]REDF]\þUHJXãč 5yİHZLF]RZVNLHRGF]\WDQLHRND]DãRVLčWDNDWUDNF\MQHİHVSRWNDãRVLč]SR-ZV]HFKQĈZãDĤFLZLHDSUREDWĈWDNİHZĤUyGNU\W\NyZLKLVWRU\NyZOLWHUDWXU\ ĭUyGHãRZHMDWUDNF\MQRĤFLZVND]DþPRİQDNLOND'RVWU]HJDMĈFZDXWR-rze :LNOLQ\ DNWRUDÅGUDPDWXZVSyãF]HVQHJRGUDPDWXDNWXDOQHJRµ5yİHZLF] QDGDZDãSRH]ML6WDIID ÅZ\JOĈGGUDPDW\F]Q\µQDUXV]DMĈFW\PVDP\PVWH-UHRW\SSRVWU]HJDQLDMHMMDNRÅKDUPRQLMQHMVSRNRMQHMLNODV\F]QHMµ_DWDNİH SU]HFLZG]LDãDMĈFSU]HNV]WDãFHQLXGRURENX]PDUãHJRSRHW\ZQLHEXG]ĈF\ İ\ZV]\FKHPRFMLHNVSRQDW]SRHW\FNLHJRPX]HXPSU]HV]ãRĤFL:GRGDWNX WDVZRLVWDUHZLWDOL]DFMDSRH]ML6WDIIDE\ãDG]LHãHPWZyUF\RRJURPQ\PDXWR-U\WHFLHLVLOHRGG]LDã\ZDQLDÅ]GRE\ZF\QDMZLčNV]HJRVXNFHVXSRHW\FNLHJR RVWDWQLHJRGZXG]LHVWROHFLDµÅQDMPãRGV]HJRNODV\NDµ =W\FK]DSHZQHSR-ZRGyZ:\NDSLV]ĈFR6WDIIRZVNLHMDQWRORJLLQLHNU\ãSR]\W\ZQ\FKHPRFML LVWZLHUG]DãİH5yİHZLF]SRSU]H]WčSXEOLNDFMčÅGDMHDNWKXPDQLVW\F]QHM OXG]NLHMVSUDZLHGOLZRĤFLZVWRVXQNXGRVWDUHJRPLVWU]Dµ_ $OHQLHPQLHMLVWRWQHE\ãRWRİH5yİHZLF]RZVNLHRGF]\WDQLH6WDIIDLQ- WHUHVXMĈFHERQLHVWHUHRW\SRZHQLHE\ãRMHGQDNHNVWUDZDJDQFNLHVWZLHU- G]HQLH*ãRZLęVNLHJRNWyU\MHGQR]HĮUyGHãVXNFHVXSRH]ML5yİHZLF]DSR-GREQLHMDNZF]HĤQLHMSRH]ML6WDIIDGRVWU]HJDãZW\PİHÅXWUZDODLVWQLHMĈFH PQLHPDQLDLRGF]XFLDµ_{PRİQDWDNİHUR]FLĈJQĈþQDSU]HNRQDQLD]DZDUWH} w 3oVãoZLX'ZDWDNLHÅLVWQLHMĈFH>ZSLHUZV]HMSRãRZLHODW²33@PQLH- PDQLDLRGF]XFLDµVĈZUR]ZDİDQLDFK5yİHZLF]DV]F]HJyOQLHZDİQHQHJD-W\ZQ\FRNROZLHNQDZHWSURWHNFMRQDOQROHNFHZDİDF\VWRVXQHNGRSRH]ML LOLWHUDWXU\0ãRGHM3ROVNL]NWyUHMSRH]MD6WDIIDVLčZ\ZRG]LãD DWDNİHWUDN-WRZDQLH,,ZRMQ\ĤZLDWRZHMMDNR]DVDGQLF]HMFH]XU\ZHZV]\VWNLFKZãDĤFLZLH _{0*ãRZLęVNL6tDII L 5yİHZLF]Å1RZH.VLĈİNLµQUV} _{$XWRUHPGZyFKRVWDWQLFKRNUHĤOHęMHVW.D]LPLHU]:\NDSRFKRG]ĈRQH]MHJRUHFHQ]ML} DQWRORJLLKto MHVt tHQ G]LZQ\ QLH]QDMoP\=RE.:\ND6tDII ZHGãXJ 5yİHZLF]D >Z@WHQİH

:čGUXMĈF So tHPDtDFK  3XĤFL]QD.UDNyZV

_{3LHUZV]HRNUHĤOHQLHSRFKRG]L]UHFHQ]ML*ãRZLęVNLHJRGUXJLHQDZLĈ]XMHGRW\WXãX} JãRĤQHJRDUW\NXãXNWyU\P/XGZLN)ODV]HQZLWDãZURNXXND]DQLHVLč:LHUV]\ ]HEUDQ\FK 5yİHZLF]D/DXUND GOD QDMPãoGV]HJo NODV\ND Å3U]HJOĈG.XOWXUDOQ\µQU

_{.:\ND6tDII ZHGãXJ 5yİHZLF]D«, V:\ND]HVWDZLDã]UHV]WĈÅDNWKXPDQLVW\F]Q\µ} 5yİHZLF]DZREHF6WDIID]SRGREQ\PDNWHP5yİHZLF]DZREHFWHĤFLRZHMGRNRQDQ\PZZLHU-V]X]ODW'\t\UDPE QD F]HĤþ tHĤFLoZHMNWyUHWR]HVWDZLHQLHWU]HEDFK\EDF]\WDþQDM]XSHãQLHM

SRZDİQLHERSRFKZDãDWHĤFLRZHMZXWZRU]H5yİHZLF]DMHVWQDM]XSHãQLHMSRZDİQDDVDP'\-t\UDPE ZHGOH RSLQLL ELRJUDID SRHW\ =ELJQLHZD 0DMFKURZVNLHJR SR]RVWDMH ÅMHGQ\P ]

QDM-SRZV]HFKQLHM]QDQ\FKµMHJRZLHUV]\=0DMFKURZVNL5yİHZLF]:URFãDZV _{0*ãRZLęVNLG]F\WV}  /HNFHZDİĈF\VWRVXQHNGR0ãRGHM3ROVNLLÅPãRGRSROV]F]\]Q\µ]PLHQLDþVLč]DF]ĈãZãD-ĤQLHZODWDFK;;ZLHNX=RE$+XWQLNLHZLF]0ãoGD 3oOVND:DUV]DZDV5yİH-ZLF]]UHV]WĈSRF]ĈWNRZRGHNODURZDãG\VWDQVGRWHM]PLDQ\UHQHVDQV]DLQWHUHVRZDQLD0ãRGĈ 3ROVNĈX]QDZDã]DÅWURFKčSRGHMU]DQ\µ]RESRZVWDã\ZNRęFXODWWHNVWZVSRPQLHQLRZ\

3DQL Å0DUXVLDµ KDVSUoZLF]oZD

201 67 $ 5 < 5™¿ ( : ,&= &= < 7$ 67 $ 5 ( * 2 67 $ )) $ ļ , &2 = 7( * 2 :< 1 ,. $ " G]LHG]LQDFKİ\FLD²5yİHZLF]ZSURZDG]DZW\PNRQWHNĤFLHSRMčFLHÅV\WX-DFMLJUDQLF]QHMµGDMĈFZ3oVãoZLX REV]HUQ\F\WDW]-DVSHUVDZQLHPLHFNLP RU\JLQDOH²WDNİHRF]\ZLĤFLHZG]LHMDFKSRH]ML_ 7U]HEDWXZVND]DþMHV]F]HMHGQRNRQWHNVWRZHĮUyGãRDWUDNF\MQRĤFL LSHUVZD]\MQHMPRF\3oVãoZLD.RQFHSFMDUR]ZRMXSRH]ML]DSUH]HQWRZDQD SU]H]5yİHZLF]DZW\PV]NLFXSR]RVWDZDãDZVZRLVW\PVSU]čİHQLX]ZURW-Q\P]SRZV]HFKQ\PNV]WDãWXMĈF\PVLčMXİZNRęFXODWSU]HNRQDQLHP İHSU]HPLDQDZLGRF]QDZZLHUV]DFK6WDIIDSXEOLNRZDQ\FKZWHG\SU]H] QLHJRZSUDVLHOLWHUDFNLHMGRNRQDãDVLčZQLHPDã\PVWRSQLXSRGZSã\ZHP

5yİHZLF]D_{3oVãoZLH ]URNXSU]HNRQDQLHWRSRĤUHGQLRDOHZ\UDĮQLH}

XPDFQLDãRSU]H]QDGDQLHV]F]HJyOQHMUDQJLVSUR]DL]RZDQHPXÅUyİHZL-F]RZVNLHPXµ3U]HEXG]HQLXD]DUD]HPSU]H]ZSLVDQLHWHJRSU]HNRQDQLD ZV]HUV]\NRQWHNVWKLVWRU\F]QROLWHUDFNL 4 3U]\MčFLH5yİHZLF]RZVNLHMZL]MLHZROXFMLSRH]MLGZXG]LHVWRZLHF]QHMQD]QD- F]RQHMFH]XUĈ,,ZRMQ\ĤZLDWRZHMDSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPGRVWU]HJDQLHZ:L-NOLQLH i ']LHZLčFLX 0X]DFK ZSã\ZXSRHW\NL5yİHZLF]DWRPRW\Z\VNãDGDMĈFH VLčQDVSRVyEF]\WDQLDSyĮQHJR6WDIIDÅSR5yİHZLF]RZVNXµ7DNLPRGHOOHN- WXU\]GRE\ãMDNMXİZVSRPQLDãHPSRSXODUQRĤþLX]QDQLHWDNİHZĤUyGEDGD-F]\OLWHUDWXU\VWDãVLčQDSU]\NãDGZDİQ\PZĈWNLHPZRVWDWQLFKUR]G]LDãDFK

_{ 7R RVWDWQLH SU]HNRQDQLH GRVWU]HF PRİQD U]HF] FLHNDZD WDNİH Z UHFHQ]ML} *ãRZLę-VNLHJRFKRþVWDUDVLčRQ]DFKRZDþG\VWDQVGRNRQFHSFML5yİHZLF]D*ãRZLęVNL]DÅQDMVãDEV]\µ ZGRURENX6WDIIDX]QDãQLHNWyU\Ĥ]WRPyZ]ODWFRE\ãRE\]JRGQH]RSLQLĈZĤUyGEDGD-F]\OLWHUDWXU\GRPLQXMĈFĈ]REQS-.ZLDWNRZVNL'ZXG]LHVtoOHFLH PLčG]\ZoMHQQH:DUV]DZD VDOH]ELHUDMĈFĈZLHUV]HQDSLVDQHZF]DVLH,,ZRMQ\ĤZLDWRZHMDWDNİHZRNUHVLH WXİSU]HGMHMZ\EXFKHP0DUtZĈ SoJoGč Z\GDQĈZURNXSRQLHZDİZW\PWRPLHÅSRHWD QLHPRİH]QDOHĮþIRUP\E\XWUZDOLþQLHPLHV]F]ĈFHVLčZMHJRGRW\FKF]DVRZHMSRHW\FHGR-ĤZLDGF]HQLDKLVWRU\F]QH7HMIRUP\NWyUĈ]QDOHĮOLSRHFLGHELXWXMĈF\Z F]DVLHRNXSDFML%D-F]\ęVNLLZãDĤQLH5yİHZLF]µ0*ãRZLęVNLG]F\WV:DUWR]DXZDİ\þİHZDUWRĤFLXMĈFH SU]HFLZVWDZLHQLH RSDUWH WX ]RVWDãR QD FKURQRORJLF]QHM QLHĤFLVãRĤFL FKRþ IRUPDOQLH PRİQD 5yİHZLF]D]DOLF]\þGRSRHWyZGHELXWXMĈF\FKZF]DVLHZRMQ\ZWHG\XND]DãVLčMHJRSLHUZV]D ÅNVLĈİNDµE\ãWRPDV]\QRSLVSRZLHODQ\(FKD OHĤQH*ãRZLęVNLMHGQDN]DSHZQHQLHWčNRQVSL-UDF\MQĈSXEOLNDFMčWXSU]\ZRãXMHZODWDFKSUDNW\F]QLHQLH]QDQĈ5yİHZLF]SU]\SRPQLDã MĈGRSLHURZ\GDQLHP]URNXZGRGDWNXZ]DZDUW\FKZQLHMXWZRUDFKNWyU\FKWUDG\-FMRQDOL]PSRGNUHĤODMXİW\WXãRZDDOX]MDGRįHURPVNLHJRWUXGQRE\ãRE\ZVND]DþRZĈQRZĈ ÅIRUPčµRGSRZLDGDMĈFĈJUR]LHZ\GDU]Hę,,ZRMQ\ĤZLDWRZHMÅ)RUPčµWčDXWRU2FDOoQHJo wy-SUDFRZDãGRSLHURSRZRMQLHFRNDİH]G\VWDQVHPVSRMU]HþQDSU]HFLZVWDZLDQLHMHMEUDNRZL w ZRMHQQ\FKZLHUV]DFK6WDIID]NROHLZXWZRUDFKWXİSRZRMHQQ\FK6WDIIWDNİHZ\SUDFR-Z\ZDãQRZĈÅIRUPčµVZRMHMSRH]MLRF]\PEčG]LHGDOHMPRZD _{3U]HPDZLDMĈFZVW\F]QLXURNXZF]DVLHXURF]\VWRĤFL]ZLĈ]DQ\FK]ZUčF]HQLHP} 6WDIIRZLG\SORPXGRNWRUDKoQoULV FDXVD8QLZHUV\WHWX-DJLHOORęVNLHJR.D]LPLHU]:\NDPy-ZLãPLQRRWZDUWRĤFLSRHW\QDWZyUF]RĤþPãRG\FKMDNRUHFHSFLHQDPãRGRĤþZãDVQHMSRH]ML LVZRMHVWZLHUG]HQLDXEDUZLãDQHJGRWĈÅ5R]PDZLDãHPQLHGDZQR]MHGQ\P]QDMPãRGV]\FK DFHQLRQ\FKZ\VRNRSU]H]QLHJR>6WDIID²33@SRHWyZ5R]PDZLDOLĤP\RRVWDWQLFKOLU\NDFK 6WDIID]DVNDNXMĈFRRGPLHQQ\FKQDWOHMHJRGRW\FKF]DVRZHJRGRURENX²1RWDN²RGH]ZDãVLč ]XĤPLHFKHPPãRG\SRHWD²6WDIIMHVW]DZV]HSRGZSã\ZHPQDMPãRGV]\FKµ&\W]D.:\ND :čGUXMĈF So tHPDtDFK«V²2Z\PSRHWĈÅMHGQ\P]QDMPãRGV]\FKDFHQLRQ\FKZ\- VRNRµSU]H]6WDIIDE\ã7DGHXV]5yİHZLF]FRSRWHP:\NDMHGQR]QDF]QLHGRRNUHĤOLãZUHFHQ-]MLDQWRORJLLKto MHVt tHQ G]LZQ\ QLH]QDMoP\, VWZLHUG]DMĈFİHFKRG]LãRPXSU]HGODW\RÅU\VXMĈFH VLčMXİZWHG\]ELHİQRĤFLQRZHMSRHW\NL6WDIID]SRH]MĈ5yİHZLF]DµWDPİHV

202 3,27 5 3,( 7 5 < & + QDMREV]HUQLHMV]HMPRQRJUDÀL6WDIIDDXWRUVWZD,UHQ\0DFLHMHZVNLHM_'RG]LĤ ]UHV]WĈ]DFKRZXMHİ\ZRWQRĤþF]HJRGRZRG]LVWRVXQNRZRQLHGDZQ\V]NLF -RDQQ\*UĈG]LHO:yMFLNSRĤZLčFRQ\$SSHQGLNVoZL z 6]DUHM VtUHI\V]NLFZNWy-U\PDXWRUNDWUDNWXMH3oVãoZLH]URNXMDNRWHNVWDXWRU\WDW\ZQ\DWDNİH VWZLHUG]DSRSURVWXÅ©]DSDWU]HQLHªZ5yİHZLF]DSR]ZROLãRSU]HWUZDþMHJR >6WDIID²33@ZLHUV]RPµ_ $OH]QDF]ĈF\ZSã\Z5yİHZLF]DQDSyĮQĈSRH]Mč6WDIIDWRNOLV]DP\- ĤORZDIXQNFMRQXMĈFDZKLVWRULLSRZRMHQQHMOLWHUDWXU\QLHPDMĈFĈDİWDNPRF-Q\FKIXQGDPHQWyZMDN]Z\NãRVLčVĈG]Lþ 3RH]MD6WDIIDZ\UDĮQLH]PLHQLãDVLčZGZyFKRVWDWQLFKWRPDFKFRãDWZR GRVãRZQLH]REDF]\þERQDMRF]\ZLVWV]ĈR]QDNĈRZHM]PLDQ\E\ãR]DVWRVR-ZDQLHQLHU\PRZDQHJRZLHUV]DZROQHJRSU]H]ZLHONLHJRPLVWU]DLZLUWXR]D WUDG\F\MQHMZHUV\ÀNDFMLZĤODG]DW\PXSURV]F]HQLXXOHJãDWDNİHVW\OLVW\ND LREUD]RZDQLHDOHZW\PZ]JOčG]LH]PLDQ\E\ã\PQLHMUDG\NDOQHLGRSHZ-QHJRSU]\QDPQLHMVWRSQLDSROHJDã\QD]LQWHQV\ÀNRZDQLXWHQGHQFMLNWyUH ]D]QDF]\ã\VLčZSRH]ML6WDIIDMXİZODWDFK &KRþMHGQDNXWZRU\5y-İHZLF]DQLHZĈWSOLZLHSU]\F]\QLDã\VLčGRÅ]Z\FLčVWZDZLHUV]DZROQHJRµ ZSROVNLHMSRH]ML_{MHJRZSã\Z]ZãDV]F]DQD]DVDGQLF]ĈGHF\]Mč6WDIIDDE\} VLčJQĈþSRIRUPXã\ZHUV\ÀNDF\MQHZ\NUDF]DMĈFHSR]DWUDG\F\MQHZ]RUFH Z\GDMHVLčZãDĤFLZLHQLHSUDZGRSRGREQ\ 3DPLčWDþWU]HEDRIDNWDFKRF]\ZLVW\FKWRQLH5yİHZLF]]DSRF]ĈWNRZDã HNVSDQVMčZLHUV]DZROQHJRDZLHONLPDXWRU\WHWHPLZ]RUHPGODPãRG\FKSR-HWyZZW\PGODDXWRUD1LHSoNoMXE\ãZGUXJLHMSRãRZLHODW-XOLDQ3U]\ERĤ NRQVHNZHQFMHRGU]XFDMĈF\ZVZHMWZyUF]RĤFLWUDG\F\MQĈZHUV\ÀNDFMč3U]\-ZRãXMčV\WXDFMč]GUXJLHMSRãRZ\ODWQLHSU]\SDGNRZR3U]HPLDQčSRHW\NL 6WDIID]Z\NOHNRMDU]\VLč]GRNXPHQWXMĈF\PMĈWRPLNLHP:LNOLQDNWyU\]RVWDã RSXEOLNRZDQ\ZURNXLZNWyU\PMDNWRXMĈã7DGHXV].ãDNZãDĤQLH]SHU-

VSHNW\Z\GUXJLHMSRãRZ\ODW6WDIIÅPLDãVLčRND]DþXF]QLHPVZHJRPãRG-V]HJRSU]\MDFLHODµ_{-HGQDNQLHNWyUHZDİQHZLHUV]H]:LNOLQ\}

PLDã\VZyMF]D- VRSLĤPLHQQLF]\SLHUZRGUXNRVLHPODWZF]HĤQLHM-XİZLRVQĈURNXZW\-JRGQLNXÅ2GURG]HQLHµ6WDIIRSXEOLNRZDã$VtUoOoJD QU KUčJL QU 5]čVč QUXWZRU\SUH]HQWXMĈFHQLH]Z\NãĈZMHJRWZyUF]RĤFLIRUPčZLHU-V]DZROQHJRZW\PF]DVLHPãRG\SRHWD7DGHXV]5yİHZLF]]DF]\QDãGRSLHUR SXEOLNRZDþZSUDVLHOLWHUDFNLHMSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPZW\PİHÅ2GURG]HQLXµ ZLHUV]HNWyUHZHMGĈQDVWčSQLHGRWRPX1LHSoNyM _{=RE,0DFLHMHZVNDG]F\WV²} _{-*UĈG]LHO:yMFLNG]F\WV} _{=RE,0DFLHMHZVND G]F\WV²}

_{/3V]F]RãRZVND:LHUV] SoOVNL =DU\V KLVtoU\F]Q\:URFãDZV=ZUDFDPXZDJč} QDXİ\WHSU]H]DXWRUNčSRMčFLHÅZLHUV]ZROQ\µMDNZLDGRPRERZLHP=ELJQLHZ6LDWNRZVNL RSXEOLNRZDQĈZUZÅ3DPLčWQLNX/LWHUDFNLPµ]UR]SUDZĈ:HUV\ÀNDFMD 7DGHXV]D

5y-İHZLF]D ZĤUyG ZVSyãF]HVQ\FK PHtoG NV]tDãtoZDQLD ZLHUV]DVWZRU]\ãPLW5y5y-İHZLF]DMDNRWZyUF\

RGUčEQHJR,9V\VWHPXZHUV\ÀNDF\MQHJRZSROVNLHMSRH]MLPLWWHQ]RVWDãFRSUDZGDGDZQR MXİ]DNZHVWLRQRZDQ\]RE$.XODZLN7DN ]ZDQ\ ZLHUV] HPoF\MQ\ ZĤUyG LQQ\FK PHtoG

NV]tDãto-ZDQLD

ZLHUV]DÅ3U]HJOĈG+XPDQLVW\F]Q\µQUDOHZOLWHUDWXU]HSRĤZLčFRQHM5yİHZL-F]RZLGRG]LĤMDNRĤSRNXWXMH]REQS7'UHZQRZVNL:DOND o oGGHFK %Lo-SoHt\ND 2 SLVDUVtZLH

7DGHXV]D 5yİHZLF]D.UDNyZV=0DMFKURZVNLG]F\W

203 67 $ 5 < 5™¿ ( : ,&= &= < 7$ 67 $ 5 ( * 2 67 $ )) $ ļ , &2 = 7( * 2 :< 1 ,. $ " 6WDIIV]\ENRGRVWU]HJãWDOHQWSRHW\FNL5yİHZLF]D:Z\ZLDG]LHRSX-EOLNRZDQ\PZLRVQĈURNXMHV]F]HSU]HGXND]DQLHPVLč1LHSoNoMX (i oso- ELVW\PSR]QDQLHPMHJRDXWRUDGRF]HJRGRV]ãRMHVLHQLĈWHJRURNX6WDIIZ\-UyİQLãJRZVZRMHMRSLQLLRPãRG\FKSRHWDFK -HVWZĤUyGW\FKPãRG\FKOXG]LZLHOXXWDOHQWRZDQ\FK0RİHQDMEDUG]LHM Z\NU\VWDOL]RZDQ\]QLFKMHVW7DGHXV]5yİHZLF]2GUD]XJG\SRUD] SLHUZV]\SRMDZLã\VLčGZDMHJRZLHUV]HZÅ2GURG]HQLXµ]ZUyFLãHP QDQLHJRXZDJč%\ãDZW\FKZLHUV]DFK]XSHãQDRGUčEQRĤþQRZ\VSRVyE LQRZDWUHĤþ,QQLWDNİH]DVãXJXMĈQDX]QDQLH%UDWQ\QSFLHNDZ\ZLHUV]

: oNX PDUtZHJo NoQLD$QQD3RJRQRZVND7DGHXV]6RNyã-XOLD+DUWZLJ

-HU]\/RZHOOLZLHOXLFKNROHJyZ_ :LGDþZWHMRSLQLLİ\F]OLZH]DLQWHUHVRZDQLHWZyUF]RĤFLĈPãRGHJR5yİH- ZLF]DFKRþUDF]HMWUXGQRE\ãRE\X]QDþZ\SRZLHGĮ6WDIID]DGRZyGIDVF\QD- FMLWDNVLOQHMİHVNãDQLDMĈFHMGRQDĤODGRZDQLDLWRQDĤODGRZDQLDQDW\FKPLDVWR-ZHJRGHELXW5yİHZLF]DZÅ2GURG]HQLXµZU]HVLHęRGRSXEOLNRZDQLD SU]H]6WDIID$VtUoOoJDPDU]HFG]LHOLQLHZLHOHSRQDGSyãURNX =LQQHJR]UHV]WĈSRZRGXZ\GDMHVLčPDãRSUDZGRSRGREQHDE\SLHUZV]H SRZRMQLHSRHW\FNLHSXEOLNDFMH5yİHZLF]DZSã\Qčã\Z]QDF]ĈF\VSRVyEQD ]DVDGQLF]ĈGHF\]Mč6WDIIDRSU]HIRUPXãRZDQLXSRHW\NLZãDVQ\FKXWZRUyZ WHSLHUZV]HSXEOLNDFMH5yİHZLF]DE\ã\MHV]F]HPDãRÅUyİHZLF]RZVNLHµ$X-tor (FK OHĤQ\FKSRMDZLãVLčQDSRZRMHQQHMVFHQLHOLWHUDFNLHM]XWZRUDPLZNWy- U\FKVSUR]DL]RZDQDG\NFMDSRHW\FNDPDMĈFDRGGDZDþÅJUDQLF]QHµGRĤZLDG-F]HQLHZRMHQQHE\QDMPQLHMQLHGRPLQRZDãDQDVDP\PSRF]ĈWNX]ZãDV]F]D SU]\WãRF]RQDSU]H]PRFQHZSã\Z\SRHW\NLDZDQJDUGRZHMVWDQRZLĈFHMQDM- Z\UDĮQLHM]ZãDV]F]DZZDULDQFLH3U]\ERVLRZVNLPGODPãRGHJRDXWRUDV\-QRQLPSRH]MLQRZRF]HVQHMLRELHNWSLVDUVNLFKDVSLUDFML_{2GZRãXMĈFVLčGR}

stylistyki 3oVãoZLD ]URNXPRİQDE\SRZLHG]LHþİH5yİHZLF]Z URNXZ\UDĮQLH]DIDVF\QRZDQ\E\ãMHV]F]HÅWDęFHPµPHWDIRU²PLPR EDJDİXZRMHQQ\FKGRĤZLDGF]Hę_{7RRVWDWQLHSRGNUHĤODPERZ3oVãoZLX} 5yİHZLF]Z\UDĮQLHVXJHUXMHİHSU]Hİ\FLDÅHSRNLF]DVyZSRJDUG\µSURZD- G]Lã\ZQLHMDNREH]ZDUXQNRZ\PRGUXFKXUHDNFMLGRSRH]MLÅVSUR]DL]RZD-QHMµRSHUXMĈFHMÅMč]\NLHPOXG]NLPµUHDNFMLZLGRF]QHMQLHW\ONRZÅSRH]ML ODWSRZRMHQQ\FKµDOHQDZHWMXİZÅSRH]ML5XFKX2SRUXµ36XJHVWLD NWyUĈWUXGQRRF]\ZLĤFLHX]JRGQLþ](FKDPL OHĤQ\PLVDPHJR5yİHZLF]DF]\

 _{'oEU]H İH tUDG\FMD VLč QLH UZLH /HoSoOG 6tDII o VoELH QoZ\P GUDPDFLH L SoH]ML SoOVNLHM,} roz-PRZčSU]HSURZDG]LãD06]F]HSDęVNDÅ']LHQQLN /LWHUDFNLµQU²PDUFDV _{2IDVF\QDFML5yİHZLF]D3U]\ERVLHPSLV]H7DGHXV].ãDNF\WXMĈFPLQSHãQHRGGDQLD} OLVW\PãRGHJRSRHW\GRSRHW\FNLHJR0LVWU]D=RE7.ãDNG]F\WV² _{:DUWRZW\PNRQWHNĤFLHSU]\ZRãDþVIRUPXãRZDQLH.DUROD:LNWRUD=DZRG]LęVNLHJR} NWyU\ZURNXVWZLHUG]DãÅ7\ONR]SRGSLVX5yİHZLF]DZ©2GURG]HQLXªRGUyİQLDP\MHJR SLHUZRFLQ\RGZ]RUX>ZLHUV]\3U]\ERVLD²33@>«@MHVW]DKLSQRW\]RZDQ\PDQLHUĈPLVWU]Dµ .: =DZRG]LęVNL 5]Xt oND QD OLtHUDtXUč SoOVNĈ  UoNX >@ RSUDF $ /DP :DUV]DZD V=DZRG]LęVNL]QDQ\ZUyJDZDQJDUGRZHMSRH]MLXMĈãU]HF]MDVNUDZRLGHSUHFMRQX- MĈFRDOHRJURPQ\ZSã\Z3U]\ERVLDQD5yİHZLF]DE\ãZWHG\SRZV]HFKQLHGRVWU]HJDQ\LNRQ-VWDWRZDQ\FKRFLDİE\ZUHFHQ]MDFK1LHSoNoMXQS-HU]\=DZLH\VNLEDUG]RZ\VRNRRFHQLDMĈF WRP5yİHZLF]DVWZLHUG]DãWDNİHÅ1LHNWyUHZLHUV]HGĮZLčF]Ĉ3U]\ERVLHPZVSRVyEEDUG]R QLHZĈWSOLZ\µ-=DZLH\VNL3oH]MD QLHSoNoMX, Å2GURG]HQLHµQUSDĮG]LHUQLNDV

204 3,27 5 3,( 7 5 < & + ]ZLHUV]DPLSXEOLNRZDQ\PLWXİSRZRMQLHMHVWMHGQDNEDUG]RZDİQ\PHOH-PHQWHPVZRLVWHJRPLWXJHQH]\MHJRSRH]MLÅUyİHZLF]RZVNLHMµ5yİHZLF] GRNRQDã]UHV]WĈSRWHP]QDF]QHML]QDF]ĈFHMVHOHNFMLW\FKXWZRUyZ]ZãDV]- F]DZLHUV]\RSXEOLNRZDQ\FKZ1LHSoNoMXUXJXMĈFNRQVHNZHQWQLHWHZNWy-U\FKZLGRF]QHE\ãR]DIDVF\QRZDQLHDZDQJDUGRZ\PÅWDęFHPµPHWDIRU LQLHSU]HGUXNRZXMĈFLFKQDZHWZHG\FMDFKPDMĈF\FKIRUPDOQLHFKDUDNWHU ÅZLHUV]\]HEUDQ\FKµ =QDPLHQQHVĈZW\PNRQWHNĤFLHORV\RZ\FKZVSRPQLDQ\FKSU]H]6WDIID SLHUZV]\FKZLHUV]\5yİHZLF]DRSXEOLNRZDQ\FKZÅ2GURG]HQLXµQU ],;:]PLDQNč6WDIIDWUDNWXMčWX]UHV]WĈSUHWHNVWRZRERQDMZ\UDĮ-QLHMQLH]E\WGREU]HSDPLčWDãRQSRNLONXQDVWXPLHVLĈFDFKSRHW\FNLGHELXW 5yİHZLF]DZÅ2GURG]HQLXµL]DSHZQHSRP\OLãSLHUZV]Ĉ]NWyUĈĤ]SyĮQLHM-V]\FKSXEOLNDFMLPãRGHJRDXWRUDZW\PW\JRGQLNXVWRVXQNRZROLF]Q\FKGR PRPHQWXXND]DQLDVLčF\WRZDQHJRZ\ZLDGXE\ã\WRQLHGZDDWU]\ZLHU-V]H²(OHJLD, 1D ZLGQoNUčJX, 5DQQ\²FRLVWRWQLHMV]HZV]\VWNLHZ\UDĮQLHMHV]- F]HSLVDQHSRGWDNSU]HPRİQ\PZSã\ZHP3U]\ERVLDİHWUXGQRZQLFKGR-VWU]HFyZÅQRZ\VSRVyEµF]\Å]XSHãQĈRGUčEQRĤþµSRHW\FNLHMG\NFMLNWyUH PLDã\]ZUyFLþXZDJč6WDIID:V]\VWNLHWHWU]\ZLHUV]H]QDOD]ã\VLčSRWHP w 1LHSoNoMXDOHW\ONRMHGHQ]QLFK²5DQQ\²SRÅRGFKXG]HQLXµ]QDGPLDUX PHWDIRUE\ãSRWHPSU]HGUXNRZ\ZDQ\LZV]HGãGRNDQRQXSRH]ML5yİHZLF]D 5 =G\VWDQVHPZDUWRWHİVSRMU]HþQDVSRVyEZMDNL]LQVSLUDFML5yİHZLF]DWUDN-towany jest zazwyczaj wiersz 3U]HEXG]HQLH, F\WRZDQ\ZãDĤFLZLHQLHXFKURQQLH MDNRDUJXPHQWPDMĈF\GRZRG]LþİHZSã\ZDXWRUD1LHSoNoMXQD6WDIIDE\ã ]QDF]ĈF\LGRW\F]\ãQLHW\ONRZHUV\ÀNDFML_{:WHMQLHXFKURQQRĤFLNU\MHVLč} MHGQDN]DVDGQLF]DGZX]QDF]QRĤþ3U]HEXG]HQLHWRHZLGHQWQLHUyİHZLF]RZVNL ZLHUV]6WDIID²DOHWHİMHG\Q\WDNLZLHUV]ZGRURENXDXWRUD']LHZLčFLX 0X] =D]Z\F]DMJG\6WDIIVLčJDãSRZLHUV]ZROQ\WRQLHSRWRDE\GDZDþVSUR]D- L]RZDQHÅRNUHĤOHQLHV\WXDFMLµDOHE\²F]HJRGREU\PSU]\NãDGHPVĈZVSR-PQLDQHWU]\ZLHUV]HRSXEOLNRZDQHZLRVQĈURNXZÅ2GURG]HQLXµF]\ Vã\QQH3oGZDOLQ\²EXGRZDþSDUDEROLF]QHSU]\SRZLHĤFL  -DN]ZUDFDãXZDJč7DGHXV].ãDNG]F\WV²E\ãDWRNRQVHNZHQFMDEDUG]RGD-OHNRLGĈFDVHOHNFMDGRW\F]\ãDQSZLHUV]D:DOND, Z]ZLĈ]NX]W\PPDãR]QDQHJRDRZLHOHOH-SLHMMDNVLčZ\GDMHRGGDMĈFHJRSRVWDZčVDPHJR5yİHZLF]DZSLHUZV]\FKODWDFKSRZRMQLH QLİQS2FDOoQ\ _{'UXJLPWDNLPÅGRZRGHPµWHİVWRVXQNRZRF]čVWRSU]\ZRã\ZDQ\PMHVWDQHJGRWD} ]HZVSRPQLHę*DEULHOD.DUVNLHJRGRW\F]ĈFDRVWDWQLFKODWİ\FLDDXWRUD6QyZ o SotčG]H wedle .DUVNLHJR6WDIISU]\]QDãPXVLčNLHG\ĤGRNãRSRWyZSU]\WZRU]HQLXQRZHJRZLHUV]D]QD-U]XFDMĈF\PLVLčU\PDPLLSRWZLHUG]LãİHZDOND]QLPLDWDNİH]HÅ]E\WHF]Q\PLVãRZDPLµWR ÅZSã\Z5yİHZLF]DµDQHJGRWčWčSU]\ZRãXMĈ0DFLHMHZVNDG]F\WVELRJUDI5yİHZLF]D =0DMFKURZVNLG]F\WVLDXWRUMHJRPRQRJUDÀL7'UHZQRZVNL:DOND o oGGHFKV SRZRãXMHVLčQDQLĈUyZQLHİVDP5yİHZLF]*DZčGD o 6tDIÀH«V²7U]HEDMHGQDNSDPLč-WDþİHMHVWWRW\ONRQLHSRGOHJDMĈFDZHU\ÀNDFMLDQHJGRWDLRWZDUWHSR]RVWDMHS\WDQLHZMDNLP VWRSQLXPRİQDLZDUWREXGRZDþQDMHMSRGVWDZLHZQLRVNLRJyOQH.DUVNL]UHV]WĈVDPRGELHUD MHMMHGQR]QDF]QRĤþWDNFKDUDNWHU\]XMĈFZ]GDQLXZSURZDG]DMĈF\PVWRVXQHN6WDIIDGR5y-İHZLF]DÅ'RVãRZQLHNLHURZDãPãRG\PNROHJĈLZVND]\ZDãPXGURJč«GURJčSRNWyUHMVDP QLHEDZHPSU]H]F]DVSHZLHQNURF]\ãµ*.DUVNL: SU]\PJOoQ\P OXVtU]HâyGĮV

205 67 $ 5 < 5™¿ ( : ,&= &= < 7$ 67 $ 5 ( * 2 67 $ )) $ ļ , &2 = 7( * 2 :< 1 ,. $ " :EUHZWHPXFRÅWHQGHQF\MQLHµVXJHUXMH5yİHZLF]Z3oVãoZLX do anto-ORJLLKto MHVt tHQ G]LZQ\ QLH]QDMoP\QLFQLHZVND]XMHQDWRİHDXWRU']LHZLčFLX 0X] ZLG]LDãZXSUDZLDQLXVSUR]DL]RZDQHMSRHW\NL3U]HEXG]HQLDMDNLĤSRİĈ-GDQ\FHOF]\NUHVVZRMHMSRH]ML1LHZVND]XMHQDWRDQLPLHMVFHMDNLH]DMPXMH WHQXWZyUZWRPLNXZNWyU\PQLH]RVWDãZİDGQHMVSRVyEZ\HNVSRQRZDQ\ DQLVĈVLHG]WZRZMDNLP]RVWDãXPLHV]F]RQ\²ZQDVWčSQ\FKZLHUV]DFKSR-ZUDFDLWUDG\F\MQDZHUV\ÀNDFMDLWUDG\F\MQHSRHW\FNLHWHPDW\RUD]DNFHVRULD FRV\JQDOL]XMĈMXİW\WXã\1DtFKQLHQLH, 1oF OHtQLD ²QLHZVND]XMHQDWRUyZQLHİ ]DP\NDMĈF\WRPLNLZHGOHUHODFMLVDPHJR5yİHZLF]DG]LHMHWZyUF]RĤFL6WDIID DSSHQGLNVRZ\F\NO$OD PD NotD:NRQWHNĤFLHLQQ\FKZLHUV]\]RVWDWQLHJRWR- PLNX6WDIID3U]HEXG]HQLHWRRSLVVWDQXGRWNOLZHJRDOHFKZLORZHJRSU]HPL- MDMĈFHJRDQDSR]LRPLHSRHW\NLMHJRZLHUV]\²WR]DOHGZLHMHGQRUD]RZDVW\-OL]DFMDQDZLHUV]ÅUyİHZLF]RZVNLµ:SU]\SDGNXSRHW\WDNGRĤZLDGF]RQHJR MDN6WDIIZ\SDGD]DãRİ\þİHMHVWWRVW\OL]DFMDZSHãQLĤZLDGRPD²ĤZLHWQD ]UHV]WĈ3U]HEXG]HQLHQLHE\ZDOH]\VNXMHQDHNVSUHVMLXPLHV]F]RQHZĤUyGLQ-Q\FKEDUG]LHMWUDG\F\MQ\FKXWZRUyZWRPLNX6WDIIDZWDNLPNRQWHNĤFLHMHVW EDUG]LHMHNVSUHV\MQHQLİJG\E\MHXPLHĤFLþZĤUyGZLHUV]\5yİHZLF]DGRNWy-U\FKZ\GDMHVLčWDNSRGREQH :]ZLĈ]NX]3U]HEXG]HQLHP -RDQQD*UĈG]LHO:yMFLNZ\NRQDãDLQWHUHVX-MĈF\VW\OLVW\F]Q\HNVSHU\PHQWSRND]XMĈFİHÅUyİHZLF]RZVNLµZLHUV]6WDIID PyJãE\E\þMHV]F]HEDUG]LHMÅUyİHZLF]RZVNLµJG\E\XVXQĈþNLONDVSyMQLNyZ ZLHONLHOLWHU\LLQWHUSXQNFMč$XWRUNDVWZLHUG]DMHGQDN]Z\UDĮQĈVXJHVWLĈ ZDUWRĤFLXMĈFĈİH6WDIIQDWDNUDG\NDOQHRGU]XFHQLHÅEDODVWXLQWHUSXQNFMLµ QLH]GHF\GRZDãVLč²ÅEDODVWLQWHUSXQNFMLµWUDNWRZDþWXQDMZ\UDĮQLHMWU]HED SDUV SUo toto, MDNRSHU\IUD]čQLHXPLHMčWQRĤFLF]\EUDNXRGZDJL]HUZDQLD ]SRHW\FNĈSU]HV]ãRĤFLĈ²LÅSR]RVWDãMDNE\SRZLHG]LDãD6]\PERUVND©VWD-URĤZLHFNLMDNSU]HFLQHNªµ $OHSU]\ZRãDQLH6]\PERUVNLHMV\JQDOL]XMH]D-SHZQHZEUHZLQWHQFMRPEDGDF]NLSDUDGRNVDOQRĤþL]DVDGQLF]ĈVãDERĤþMHM UR]XPRZDQLDLV]HU]HMOHNWXU\SyĮQHJR6WDIIDÅSR5yİHZLF]RZVNXµ8NU\-W\P]DãRİHQLHPWDNLHMOHNWXU\MHVWERZLHPREHFQDZNRQFHSFMDFK5yİHZLF]D RVWUDDOWHUQDW\ZDDOERÅWDQLHFSRHW\FNLµNRQW\QXRZDQ\Å>E@H]Z]JOčGXQD V\WXDFMčOXG]NRĤFLNUDMXLVZRMĈZãDVQĈµ3DOERRF]\V]F]DQLHZLHUV]\ ]ZV]HONLFKOLWHUDFNLFKNRQZHQFMLDE\RVLĈJQĈþÅRNUHĤOHQLHV\WXDFMLµZÅMč-]\NXOXG]NLPµFRZSU]HãRİHQLXQDNRQNUHW\QDMãDWZLHMVRELHZ\REUD]LþMDNR SU]HMčFLH]JU]HEQHMVSUR]DL]RZDQHMSRHW\NLVDPHJR5yİHZLF]D $OWHUQDW\ZDWRHNVSUHV\ZQLH]DU\VRZDQDDOHZJUXQFLHU]HF]\QLH]E\W klarowna40 ]DWR²HZLGHQWQLHGRJPDW\F]QDLZãDĤQLHSU]\NãDG6]\PERU-VNLHMWHJRGRZRG]L-HMSRH]MDSRND]XMHİHLVWQLDã\LLVWQLHMĈLQQHPRİOLZRĤFL İHPRİQDE\þSRHWĈZVSyãF]HVQ\PSLV]ĈFXWZRU\QLHSRGGDQHUDG\NDOQHM ÅSUR]DL]DFMLµ]DWR]Xİ\FLHPÅVWDURĤZLHFNLHJRµSU]HFLQNDEXGRZDQH]DSR-PRFĈMč]\NRZHJRLLQWHOHNWXDOQHJRGRZFLSXDWDNİHJG\]DMG]LHSRWU]HED _{-*UĈG]LHO:yMFLNG]F\WV}

40_{ 1D PJOLVWRĤþ SRMčþ Xİ\W\FK SU]H] 5yİHZLF]D Z 3oVãoZLX ]ZUDFDã XZDJč $QGU]HM} 6NUHQGR Z NVLĈİFH 5yİHZLF] L JUDQLFH OLtHUDtXU\ 3oHt\ND L Ht\ND tUDQVJUHVML .UDNyZ  V1LHPQLHM]UHV]WĈQLİQLHXFKZ\WQRĤþXİ\ZDQ\FKSRMčþ]GXPLHZDZ3oVãoZLXHJ- ]HPSOLÀNDFMDGRSR]\W\ZQLHZDORU\]RZDQHMSRH]MLÅEH]NRVWLXPXµÅPDVNLµ5yİHZLF]D]D-OLF]DPLQEDOODG\0LFNLHZLF]DLWZyUF]RĤþ/HĤPLDQD

206 3,27 5 3,( 7 5 < & + RGZRãDęGRSRHW\FNLHMWUDG\FMLZW\PZHUV\ÀNDF\MQHM41 8GHU]DMĈFHMHVWVNĈG-LQĈGSRGRELHęVWZRQLHNWyU\FKHOHPHQWyZSRHW\NL6]\PERUVNLHMGRWHMNWyUĈ 6WDIISRGNRQLHFİ\FLDZ\SUDFRZ\ZDãZHOHPHQWDU]RZ\PF\NOX$OD PD NotD_ 6 :ODWDFK:\NDGRVWU]HJDãZVSRVRELHZMDNL5yİHZLF]DSRWUDNWRZDã6WDIID V]ODFKHWQ\ÅDNWKXPDQLVW\F]Q\µQDWRPLDVWSUDZLHODWSyĮQLHM%DUDQRZVND w $SSHQGLNVLH z 6]DUHM VtUHI\GRVWU]HJãDJRUV]ĈFHÅSLVDQLHVSUHMHPSR6WDIÀHµ =HVWDZLHQLHW\FKRSLQLLPRJãRE\VXJHURZDþİHGRV]ãRGRMDNLHMĤ]DVDGQLF]HM SU]HPLDQ\VWRVXQNX5yİHZLF]DGR6WDIIDDOHZEUHZSR]RURPWDNQLHMHVW :DUWRFRSUDZGDZVND]DþQDZDİQĈ]PLDQčNWyUDVLčZFLĈJXW\FK G]LHVLčFLROHFLGRNRQDãDMHGQDNGRW\F]\RQDQLHSRVWDZ\5yİHZLF]DDOHKL-VWRU\F]QROLWHUDFNLHJRNRQWHNVWXVWDQRZLĈFHJRWãRMHJROHNWXU\SRH]ML6WDIID :SLHUZV]HMSRãRZLHODWSRZV]HFKQDMHV]F]HE\ãDLGLRV\QNUD]MDGRPãRGR-SROV]F]\]Q\LGLRV\QNUD]MDNWyUDQDGDZDãDLWRUyZQLHİSREU]PLHZDX:\NL ÅDNWRZLKXPDQLVW\F]QHPXµ5yİHZLF]DZREHF6WDIIDWDNİHVWDWXVDNWXQR-ELOLWXMĈFHJRQLHMDNRRVãDELDMĈFHJRIDNWJHQHDORJLLDXWRUD:LNOLQ\ z anachro- QLF]QHMWURFKčĤPLHV]QHMWURFKčJURWHVNRZHMLRVWDWHF]QLHMDNRĤQLHSRZDİ-QHMHSRNL0ãRGHM3ROVNL 7DLGLRV\QNUD]MDGRNWyUHM5yİHZLF]RGZRãXMHVLčZ3oVãoZLX²LNWyUHM ]UHV]WĈWHQWHNVWMHVWHNVSUHV\ZQ\P]DSLVHP²F]WHUG]LHĤFLODWSyĮQLHMQD- OHİ\MXİMHGQDNZGXİ\VWRSQLXGRG]LHMyZUHFHSFMLOLWHUDWXU\LNXOWXU\0ãR- GHM3ROVNL'RZRG]LWHJRFKRFLDİE\WRPZNWyU\PXND]DãVLčSU]\ZRã\-ZDQ\SU]H]PQLHV]NLF-RDQQ\*UĈG]LHO:yMFLN7RPWHQWRREV]HUQ\SRQDG VWURQLFRZ\]ELyUV]NLFyZLQWHUSUHWDF\MQ\FKSRĤZLčFRQ\FKSRH]ML DXWRUD :LNOLQ\NWyU\FKZLčNV]RĤþXND]XMHIDVF\QDFMčKLVWRU\NyZOLWHUDWXU\SROVNLHM QDSRF]ĈWNX;;,ZLHNXSU]HGHZV]\VWNLP6WDIIHPPãRGRSROVNLPZãDĤQLH ERRGNU\ZDMĈZMHJRSRH]MLLQWHUHVXMĈF\]DSLVNV]WDãWRZDQLDVLčPRGHUQL- ]PXZV]HURNLPL]QDF]HQLXWHJRSRMčFLDQDSU]\NãDG]DSLVNU\]\VXWUDG\-F\MQHJRÅPRFQHJRµSRMPRZDQLDSRGPLRWX_{,FKRþVDPWHQSUREOHPQLH} MHVW5yİHZLF]RZLREF\SU]HFLZQLHQDOHİ\]GDQLHPQDSU]\NãDG$QGU]HMD 6NUHQG\GRNZHVWLLGODMHJRWZyUF]RĤFLNOXF]RZ\FK44_{WRQLHZ\GDMHVLčDE\} DXWRU6]DUHM VtUHI\E\ãVNãRQQ\GRVWU]HJDþSRGREQĈSUREOHPDW\NčX6WDIID ]ZãDV]F]DZF]HVQHJR%DULHUĈQLHGRSU]HNURF]HQLDE\ãDWXQDMZ\UDĮQLHM QLHFKčþGR]HZQčWU]Q\FKREMDZyZÅPãRGRSROV]F]\]Q\µQLHSU]\SDGNLHP 41 _{1DJUoEHNİDUWREOLZ\ZLHUV]\N6]\PERUVNLHM]NWyUHJRSRFKRG]LF\WRZDQHZ\UDİHQLH} WRSU]\NãDGQLHUHJXODUQHJRZLHUV]DV\ODELF]QHJRVZRLVWDZDULDFMDQDWHPDW]JãRVNRZFD ]GRNãDGQ\PLU\PDPLİHęVNLPLLPčVNLPL  8GHU]DMĈFHMHVWWHİ]GUXJLHMVWURQ\FDãNRZLWHPLOF]HQLH5yİHZLF]DQDWHPDWSRH]ML6]\P-ERUVNLHMW\PEDUG]LHMXGHU]DMĈFHİHZVHQVLHWRZDU]\VNLPE\OLEOLVNLPL]QDMRP\PLFRQDMPQLHM RGNRęFDODWJG\6]\PERUVND]ZLĈ]DãDVLč].RUQHOHP)LOLSRZLF]HP]NWyU\P5yİHZLF]VLč SU]\MDĮQLãSLVDOLZVSyOQLHVFHQDULXV]HGRÀOPyZ6WDQLVãDZD5yİHZLF]DEUDWD7DGHXV]D

_{=REQS]DZDUWHZWRPLH3oH]MD /HoSoOGD 6tDIID ,QtHUSUHtDFMHF]WHU\V]NLFHSRĤZLčFRQH} WHPXVDPHPXXWZRURZL:Lč]LHę ]ZLHUFLDGHã]U

44_{=RE$6NUHQGRG]F\W7DPIUDJPHQW]DW\WXãRZDQ\6\JQDtXUD 7DGHXV]D 5yİHZLF]D} V²=DJDGQLHQLHNU\]\VXSRGPLRWRZRĤFLSRZUDFDWDNİHZLQQ\FKIUDJPHQWDFKWHM NVLĈİNL

207 67 $ 5 < 5™¿ ( : ,&= &= < 7$ 67 $ 5 ( * 2 67 $ )) $ ļ , &2 = 7( * 2 :< 1 ,. $ " w 3oVãoZLXÅGUDPDW/HRSROGD6WDIIDµ]RVWDãRNUHĤORQ\HZLGHQWQLHQLHĤFLĤOH DOHSU]H]WRZãDĤQLH]QDPLHQQLH²ÅGUDPDWHPIRUP\µ345_ 1LHZ\GDMHVLčDE\]ELHJLHPODW5yİHZLF]MDNRĤ]GHF\GRZDQLHSU]H- ZDUWRĤFLRZDãVZRMHVWDQRZLVNRZW\PZ]JOčG]LH2VWDWHF]QLHERZLHPUyİ-QLFDPLčG]\NVLĈİNĈKto MHVt tHQ G]LZQ\ QLH]QDMoP\ a $SSHQGLNVHP z 6]DUHM VtUHI\ GDMHVLčVSURZDG]LþGRUyİQLF\JDWXQNyZZ\SRZLHG]LDF\NORSXEOLNRZDQ\ ZURNXZ\MDVNUDZLDMHG\QLHQHJDW\ZQHFHFK\VSRVREXF]\WDQLD6WDIID SU]H]5yİHZLF]DFHFK\RGSRF]ĈWNXZW\PVSRVRELHREHFQH:VSRPQLDQH ÅSLVDQLHVSUHMHPSR6WDIÀHµãDWZRPRİQDSU]HWãXPDF]\þQDSRMčFLD]3oVão-ZLDGR6WDIIRZVNLHMDQWRORJLLWRSU]HFLHİZJUXQFLHU]HF]\QLFLQQHJRMDN XVLOQHSRND]\ZDQLHİH²SR]DZ\MĈWNRZ\P3U]HEXG]HQLHP ²MHGQDNWDNİH VWDU\6WDIIXFK\ODVLčRGXİ\FLDVSUR]DL]RZDQHJRÅMč]\NDOXG]NLHJRµLSR-]RVWDMHXZLNãDQ\ZÅWDQLHFSRH]MLµ7\OHİHWRFRZDQWRORJLLSR]RVWDZDãR QDSR]LRPLHVXJHVWLLHNVSUHV\ZQ\FKDOHLQLHMDVQ\FKVIRUPXãRZDę3oVão-ZLD, w $SSHQGLNVLH]RVWDãRGUDVW\F]QLHXNRQNUHWQLRQH3U]\EUDãRSRVWDþNRQ-IURQWDFMLSRHW\FNLFKWHNVWyZZNWyUHM5yİHZLF]RZVNLHUHSOLNLZLHUV]\6WDIID QLHEH]SLHF]QLHEDODQVXMĈQDJUDQLF\SDVWLV]XLPDQLHU\F]QLHWU\ZLDOL]XMĈ-FHMSDURGLLMDVQRSRND]XMĈFİHVWRVXQHN5yİHZLF]DGR6WDIIDWRV]F]HJyOQD PLHV]DQLQDDWHQFMLLPRW\ZRZDQHJRÅWHQGHQFMĈµSURWHNFMRQDOL]PX $SUR-EDWčSRVWčSRZDQLDDXWRUD6]DUHM VtUHI\GRGDWNRZRXWUXGQLDG\VKDUPRQLD PLčG]\QDU]XFDMĈF\PVLčF]\WHOQLNRZLFKRþRF]\ZLĤFLHQLHNDİGHPXZUD- İHQLHPHSDWRZDQLDÅVNU]HF]ĈFĈU]HF]\ZLVWRĤFLĈµDZLDUĈVDPHJR5yİHZL- F]DİHWRW\ONRÅSU]HNRPDU]DQLHµXWU]\PDQHZãDJRGQ\PWRQLHÅSRJRG-QHJRXĤPLHFKXµ3RF]XFLHKXPRUXDXWRUD6]DUHM VtUHI\ X]QDþZ\SDGD]DGRĤþ VSHF\ÀF]QHWDNİHGODWHJRİHGHNODUXMĈFÅSRJRGQ\XĤPLHFKµMHVWMHGQRF]H-ĤQLH]DG]LZLDMĈFRQLHF]Xã\QDWRFRZXWZRUDFK6WDIIDPRİQDRGF]\W\ZDþ MDNRSRHW\FNLİDUW²QLHNLHG\]DSUDZLRQ\DXWRLURQLĈLPHODQFKROLĈ7DNLMDN QDSU]\NãDGZ=GDU]HQLXZLHUV]XRSLVDQLXZLHUV]DZNWyU\P6WDIISU]\- ZRãXMHSRHW\FNLHDNFHVRULXP]F]DVyZZãDVQHMPãRGRĤFLÅĤQLHİQĈWXEHUR-]čµ ²LMHVWZW\PSU]\ZRãDQLXPDQLIHVWDF\MQ\DQDFKURQL]P$XWRU=GD-U]HQLD E\ãQLHZĈWSOLZLHZSHãQLĤZLDGRP\FDãNRZLWHMQLHSU]\VWDZDOQRĤFL WDNLHJRÅUHDOLXPµGRU]HF]\ZLVWRĤFL3ROVNLODW;;ZLHNXGHNDG\VWDOL-QL]PXÅRGZLOİ\µ3DĮG]LHUQLNDDWDNİHXWUZDODMĈF\FKVLčMDNRVWDãDFHFKD SHHUHORZVNLHMFRG]LHQQRĤFLWU\ZLDOQ\FKDOHXFLĈİOLZ\FKNãRSRWyZ]]DVSR-NRMHQLHPQDMSURVWV]\FKQDZHWSRWU]HEPDWHULDOQ\FK_ 45_{=RESROHPLF]QHXZDJLQDWHPDWWHJRRNUHĤOHQLDZPRQRJUDÀL,UHQ\0DFLHMHZVNLHM} G]F\WVNWyUDJHQHUDOQLHMDNMXİRGQRWRZ\ZDãHPVWDUDVLčZ\NRU]\VWDþQRELOLWXMĈF\ ZDORUÅJHVWXKXPDQLVW\F]QHJRµ5yİHZLF]DZREHF6WDIID

_{ -DN GRSRZLDGD ZLHUQD SRJOĈGRP L VXJHVWLRP 5yİHZLF]D -RDQQD *UĈG]LHO:yMFLN} w $SSHQGLNVLHDXWRU6]DUHM VtUHI\ÅXMDZQLDQLHGRFLĈJQLčFLDWZyUF]RĤFLµVWDUHJR6WDIIDLEUDN ZRVWDWQLFKMHJRZLHUV]DFK6WDIIDÅ©QRZHJRª5yİHZLF]RZVNLHJRµ-*UĈG]LHO:yMFLNG]F\W V

_{:LHUV]WHQ]DP\ND$SSHQGL[ 6WDIIDÅUHSOLNDµ]DP\ND$SSHQGL[ 5yİHZLF]DLVWRLSRG} ]QDNLHPSHGDQW\F]QHMQHJDFMLÅQLHZLHPMDNZ\JOĈGDĤQLHİQDWXEHUR]DµLWG

_{:DİQ\PZĈWNLHPZSU\ZDWQ\FKOLVWDFK6WDIIDGR5yİHZLF]DE\ã\SRG]LčNRZDQLD]D} ]DãDWZLHQLHOHNDUVWZDRNXODUyZDWDNİHSU]HVãDQLHÅRUãDDPRİHWRE\ããDEčGĮERE\ãRVNX-EDQ\DOHVPDNRZDãMDNEDİDQWµ²F]\OLNXU\=RE/6WDII: NUčJX OLtHUDFNLFK SU]\MDĮQL /LVt\, RSUDF-&]DFKRZVND,0DFLHMHZVND:DUV]DZDV²

208 3,27 5 3,( 7 5 < & + 7 $SSHQGL[5yİHZLF]D]DP\NDQLHPDMĈF\MXİ6WDIIRZVNLHJRSLHUZRZ]RUX wiersz KUoSND QDG L LOHİWRUD]\F]XãHPSRNXVč DE\SRVWDZLþNURSNčQDG DOH]ZOHNDPXFLHNDP QXG]čPDUXG]č Vã\V]čGREURGXV]Q\ĤPLHFK/HRSROGD6WDIID MHGQDNQLF]HJR3DQDQLHQDXF]\ãHP 3DQLH7DGHXV]X -HVWWRXWZyUHQLJPDW\F]Q\1LH]RVWDãRZQLPRNUHĤORQHQLHGRRNUH-ĤODWHJRWDNİHNRQWHNVWZF]HĤQLHMV]\FKZLHUV]\F\NOXDQLF]HJR5yİHZLF] PLDãE\VLčXF]\þRG6WDIIDDQLGODF]HJR]WHMQDXNLQLHVNRU]\VWDã 2GSRZLHG]LQDWHS\WDQLDV]XNDþWU]HEDMDNVLčZ\GDMHZHZVSRPQLH-QLDFK5yİHZLF]DR6WDIÀH:WHNĤFLHÅ=oVtDQLH So PQLH SXVt\ SoNyMµ SRMDZLD VLčWDNLHSU]HFLZVWDZLHQLH 6WDU\3RHWDĤZLDWSU]\MPRZDãQLHRGU]XFDãLQLHV]DPRWDãVLč1LHUR]EL-MDãĤZLDWDâĈF]\ãZLĈ]DãQDV\FDãKDUPRQLĈNWyUHMĤZLDWZVRELHQLHPLDã -HVWHPZSRH]MLSU]HFLZLHęVWZHP6WDUHJR3RHW\49_ 6IRUPXãRZDQLDWRQLH]E\WSUHF\]\MQH1LHZLDGRPRF]\PyZLĈRVWR-VXQNX6WDUHJR3RHW\GRĤZLDWDF]\RW\PMDNUDG]LVRELH]MHJRZDGDPL ZWZyUF]RĤFLF]\PRİHRMHGQ\PLGUXJLPUyZQRF]HĤQLH$OHZãDĤQLHEUDN SUHF\]MLMHVWFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q\GODZ\SRZLHG]L5yİHZLF]DQDWHPDWSU]\-MDĮQL]H6WDIIHPLZ\QLND]PLHV]DQLDWU]HFKUyİQ\FKPRW\ZyZDFR]DW\P LG]LHVSRVREyZRSRZLDGDQLDRWHMIDVF\QXMĈFHM]QDMRPRĤFL $XWRU1LHSoNoMXSRF]ĈWNXMĈF\SRHWDZFKRG]ĈF\QDOLWHUDFNĈVFHQčSR-]QDãDXWRUD6QyZ o SotčG]HVWDUHJRZLHONLHJRSRHWčRWRF]RQHJRSRZV]HFK-Q\PX]QDQLHP6\WXDFMDQLHMDNRQDU]XFDãD5yİHZLF]RZL]JRGQLH]UHV]WĈ ]MHJRDVSLUDFMDPLLDPELFMDPLWUDNWRZDQLHWHM]QDMRPRĤFLZNDWHJRULDFK QD]ZLMP\WRWDNÅPHWDSRHW\FNLFKµMDNRZãDĤQLH]QDMRPRĤFLGZyFKSRHWyZ VNRQFHQWURZDQ\FKZEH]SRĤUHGQLFKNRQWDNWDFKQDNZHVWLDFKOLWHUDFNLFK 7RPRW\ZSLHUZV]\ %\ãDWRMHGQDNV\WXDFMDQD]QDF]RQDRGSRF]ĈWNXSDUDGRNVHP$SULR-U\F]QDQLHMDNRDGPLUDFMDGODZLHONLHJRSRHW\QLHZLĈ]DãDVLč]QDWXUDOQ\P ZWDNLHMV\WXDFMLNLHUXQNLHPZSã\ZX5yİHZLF]QLJG\QLHFKFLDãQDĤODGR-ZDãWZyUF]RĤþ6WDIID3R]QDMĈFDXWRUD'HV]F]X MHVLHQQHJo, PLDãMXİ]E\WVNU\-VWDOL]RZDQHOLWHUDFNLHJXVWDLSU]HNRQDQLDDE\XOHFIDVF\QDFMLMHJRSRH]MĈ V]DFRZQĈDOHMHGQRF]HĤQLHQDOHİĈFĈMXİGRSU]HV]ãRĤFLLWR]DUyZQRSU]H-V]ãRĤFLSROVNLHMSRH]MLMDNLSU]HV]ãRĤFLZFKRG]ĈFHJRZGRURVãRĤþ5yİHZLF]D

49_{75yİHZLF]3Uo]D«WV:VSRPQLHQLHÅ=oVtDQLH So PQLH SXVt\ SoNyMµSRZVWDãR} ]DSHZQHQLHGãXJRSRĤPLHUFL6WDIID

209 67 $ 5 < 5™¿ ( : ,&= &= < 7$ 67 $ 5 ( * 2 67 $ )) $ ļ , &2 = 7( * 2 :< 1 ,. $ " =QDPLHQQHİHGODDXWRUD1LHSoNoMXNWyU\V]NROQĈHGXNDFMčNRęF]\ãQD OLWHUDWXU]HPãRGRSROVNLHMZãDĤQLH'HV]F] MHVLHQQ\ MHVWMHV]F]HSRZLHOXOD-WDFKREUD]RZ\PV\JQDãHPDQDFKURQL]PXOHNWXUQDU]XFDQ\FKZODWDFK QDOHNFMDFKSROVNLHJRJLPQD]MDOLVWRPNWyU]\QDZãDVQĈUčNčPXVLHOLSR]QD-ZDþOLWHUDWXUčQDSUDZGčZVSyãF]HVQĈLQRZRF]HVQĈ&]HFKRZLF]D0LãRV]D

Gombrowicza czy Przybosia50_{:DUWDSU]\ZRãDQLDMHVWWHİZW\PNRQWHNĤFLH}

RSLQLDZLHONLHJRDXWRU\WHWXPãRGHJR5yİHZLF]DEUDWD-DQXV]DNWyU\RÀD- URZXMĈF7DGHXV]RZLZURNXWRP6WDIID]D]QDF]DãMHGQRF]HĤQLHZGH- G\NDFMLÅ'DMĈF&LG]LĤ6WDIIDFKFč&LSRZLHG]LHþİHZFDOHQLHİ\F]čE\þWD-NLPMDNRQSRHWĈµ51_ 0ãRG\5yİHZLF]E\ãGR6WDIID]G\VWDQVRZDQ\DMHGQRF]HĤQLHJRWyZE\ã ZQLPZLG]LHþÅERJDSRH]MLµ6SU]HF]QRĤþWRW\ONRSR]RUQDU]HF]ERZLHP ZW\PİHRZDÅERVNRĤþµPDWXQLHMHGQR]QDF]QHNRQRWDFMHQLHW\OHMHVWER- ZLHPV\QRQLPHPOLWHUDFNLHMGRVNRQDãRĤFLLOHQD]\ZDWRFRQLHGRVWčSQHQD-OHİĈFHGRLQQHJROHSV]HJRĤZLDWD:RNUHĤOHQLXÅEyJSRH]MLµSREU]PLHZD HFKRSRG]LZX]MDNLPZF]DVDFKV]NROQ\FKPãRG\5yİHZLF]JLPQD]MDOLVWD ]SURZLQFMRQDOQHJR5DGRPVNDPDU]ĈF\ZWHG\ÅİHE\Z\GUXNRZDþZLHUV]µ RJOĈGDãÅERJyZµSRH]ML:LHU]\ęVNLHJRL6WDIIDZLOXVWURZDQ\PW\JRGQLNX_ :MHGQ\P]Z\ZLDGyZFKFĈFRGGDþHPRFMHWRZDU]\V]ĈFHSLHUZV]HMZL]\FLH X6WDIID5yİHZLF]GDMHLQQ\ZDULDQWWHJRRNUHĤOHQLD²Å>«@VDPRLVWQLHQLH 6WDIIDE\ãRZãDĤFLZLHF]\PĤQLHUHDOQ\P=SHUVSHNW\Z\5DGRPVNDJLPQD-]MXPE\ãWRU]HF]\ZLĤFLH2OLPSµ_{²ZDULDQWWDNİHSU]\ZRãXMĈF\RSRZLHĤþ} RSURZLQFMXV]XZFKRG]ĈF\PZZLHONLĤZLDWĤZLDW]MHJRPDU]HęRSRZLHĤþ VWDQRZLĈFĈGUXJLZDİQ\PRW\ZZHZVSRPQLHQLDFK5yİHZLF]DR6WDIÀH 'RWHMVDPHMRSRZLHĤFLQDOHİ\WHİDNFHQWVZRLVWHMGH]LOX]MLÅ&KãRSLHF]5D-GRPVNDQLHSU]HF]XZDãİHNLHG\ĤEčG]LHVLHG]LDã]W\PVWDUV]\PERJLHP SRH]MLZEDU]H©3RG.XFKFLNLHPªSU]\ĤOHG]LXL©þZLDUWFHª«µ54_ 'H]LOX]MDMHGQDNZW\PZ\SDGNXWRQLHWRVDPRFRUR]F]DURZDQLH3U]H-FLZQLHSU]\MDĮę]H6WDIIHPRND]DãDVLčQLH]Z\Nã\PZ\GDU]HQLHPZİ\FLX 5yİHZLF]DERR]QDF]DãD²LWRMHVWWU]HFLQLHZĈWSOLZLHQDMEDUG]LHMSRUXV]D-MĈF\PRW\ZMHJRZVSRPQLHęR6WDIÀH²SR]QDQLHQLH]Z\NãHJRF]ãRZLHND 0RMHZ\REUDİHQLHZVSRPQLHQLHRQLPMHVWQLHVã\FKDQLHGDOHNLHRGQRUP\ RGNV]WDãWXSRPQLND-HVW]DSU]HF]HQLHPZV]HONLHMSRPQLNRZRĤFL%\ã WRF]ãRZLHNQLHPyZLčSRHWDDOHF]ãRZLHNQLH]Z\Nã\%H]SRĤUHGQLSU]H- SHãQLRQ\GREURFLĈLSRJRGĈGXFKDNWyUDQLHRSXV]F]DãDJRQDZHWZWUXG-Q\FKFKZLODFK1LHVSRWNDãHPQLJG\QLNRJRSRGREQHJR«&]DVDPLJG\ VSDFHUXMčSRSDUNXUR]PDZLDP]QLPQLHMDN]XPDUã\PDOHMDN]NLPĤ İ\Z\PEOLVNLP]NLPSRİHJQDãHPVLč]DOHGZLHSU]HGFKZLOĈ-HVWWRMDNE\ GDOV]\FLĈJQDV]\FKUR]PyZVSU]HGGZXG]LHVWXNLONXODW55_

50_{=RE:EUHZ VoELH 5o]PoZ\ ] 7DGHXV]HP 5yİHZLF]HPRSUDF-6WRODUF]\N:URFãDZV} 51 _{Czytelne IDFVLPLOHWHMGHG\NDFML]RE=0DMFKURZVNLG]F\WV}

_{=RE75yİHZLF]*DZčGD o 6tDIÀH«V} _{=RE:EUHZ VoELH«V}

54_{75yİHZLF]*DZčGD o 6tDIÀH«V}

210 3,27 5 3,( 7 5 < & + :WHMZ\SRZLHG]LLQDF]HMQLİZF\WRZDQ\PSRZ\İHMZVSRPQLHQLX 5yİHZLF]VWDUDVLčZSURZDG]LþZ\UDĮQHUR]UyİQLHQLH]D]QDF]\þİHPyZL R6WDIÀHF]ãRZLHNXDQLH6WDIÀHSRHFLHFKRþQDGDO]GDMHVLčRGELHUDþMDNR G\VNRPIRUWWRİHPDSR]RVWDZLþQDERNXWZyUF]RĤþOLWHUDFNĈVZHJRQLH]Z\-NãHJRSU]\MDFLHOD²WDNFK\EDPRİQDZ\WãXPDF]\þG]LZQHVIRUPXãRZDQLH ÅZVSRPQLHQLHRQLPMHVWQLHVã\FKDQLHGDOHNLHRGQRUP\µ$XWHQW\F]QDLSR-UXV]DMĈFDIDVF\QDFMD6WDIIHPF]ãRZLHNLHPSU]HELMDVLč]UHV]WĈMXİZF]HĤQLHM SU]H]ÅPHWDSRHW\FNĈµVW\OLVW\NčSU]\MDĮQLGZyFKSRHWyZVNXSLRQ\FKQD NZHVWLDFKOLWHUDFNLFKZÅ=oVtDQLH So PQLH SXVt\ SoNyMµ SRMDZLDVLč]ZLč]ã\ RSLV6WDIIDODSLGDUQLHXMPXMĈF\VHGQRWHMIDVF\QDFML 6WDU\EyJ]VLZĈU]DG]LXWNĈEURGĈ]MHGQ\PRNLHPSRZOHF]RQ\PPJãĈ 6WDU\F]ãRZLHN/HSV]\PĈGU]HMV]\MDĤQLHMV]\RGHPQLH_ =DMĈãHPVLčQDNRQLHF5yİHZLF]RZVNLPLRSLVDPLSU]\MDĮQL]H6WDIIHP ERWRGREU\VSRVyEQD]\VNDQLHG\VWDQVXGR]ã\FKHPRFMLMDNLHPRİHEXG]Lþ $SSHQGL[ z 6]DUHM VtUHI\:DUWR]DXZDİ\þİH$SSHQGL[XND]DãVLčZURNX QDWRPLDVWSU]\ZRã\ZDQHWXZVSRPQLHQLHVWDUHJR5yİHZLF]D*DZčGD o 6tDIÀH 7XZLPLH L UyİDFK«UyZQRG]LHVLčþODWZF]HĤQLHMZURNX:\GDMHVLčWR QLHSU]\SDGNRZH²WDNMDNE\5yİHZLF]URF]QLNSRSU]HNURF]HQLXNR-OHMQHJRSURJXQLHZĈWSOLZHMMXİVWDURĤFLRGF]XZDãSRWU]HEčVNRQIURQWRZDQLD ]QLH]Z\Nã\PÅVWDU\PF]ãRZLHNLHPµNWyUHJRPLDãV]F]čĤFLHSR]QDþZPãR- GRĤFL$SSHQGL[ZWDNLPXMčFLXE\ãE\]DSLVHPWDNLHMNRQIURQWDFMLNWyUHMZ\-QLNZ\SDGãQHJDW\ZQLH 5HZHUVHPÅSLVDQLDVSUHMHPSR6WDIÀHµGHVSHUDFNLHMSU]HNRU\ZREHF ÅKDUPRQLLµ6WDIIRZVNLHJRĤZLDWDLZLHUV]\ÅKDUPRQLLµRGNU\ZDQHM]UHV]WĈ QLHU]DGNRQDPRF\ZVWčSQHJR]DãRİHQLDDQLHSUHF\]\MQHMOHNWXU\MHVWQLH- SRNRMĈFHRGNU\FLHİHPHWU\NDOQDEOLVNRĤþZİDGHQVSRVyEQLH]PLHQLDG\-VWDQVXGRSR]QDQHJRQLHJG\ĤQLH]Z\NãHJRF]ãRZLHNDLFKRþ5yİHZLF]MHVW MXİQLHZĈWSOLZLHVWDU\PF]ãRZLHNLHPQLHRGPLHQQLH6WDIIRND]XMHVLčNLPĤ ÅOHSV]\PĈGU]HMV]\PMDĤQLHMV]\Pµ

7UXGQR RNUHĤOLþ QD LOH ]DSURSRQRZDQ\ WX WU\E OHNWXU\ $SSHQGLNVX z 6]DUHM VtUHI\MHVW]JRGQ\]]DP\VãHPDXWRUD5yİHZLF]]ZRG]LF]\WHOQLNyZ ²LFK\EDWDNİHVLHELHVDPHJR²QLHGRPyZLHQLDPLIDãV]\Z\PLHW\NLHWNDPL ÅSRJRGQ\XĤPLHFKµDSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPZVND]\ZDQLHPQDZVSyãF]HVQ\ ĤZLDWMDNR]DVDGQLF]\SRZyGZãDVQHM]JU\ĮOLZRĤFLL]JRU]NQLHQLDQDGDMĈF ]MDGOLZHMNU\W\FHU]HF]\ZLVWRĤFLZNWyUHMSU]\V]ãRPXİ\þQDVWDURĤþUDQJč MHGQHJR]QDMZDİQLHMV]\FKQDMMDVNUDZV]\FKLQDMEDUG]LHMNRQWURZHUV\MQ\FK ZĈWNyZVZHMSyĮQHMSRH]ML_ _{75yİHZLF]3Uo]D«WV} _{ -DFHN âXNDVLHZLF] Z ]DNRęF]HQLX V]NLFX SRĤZLčFRQHJR $SSHQGLNVoZL UyİQLFč} PLč- G]\5yİHZLF]HPD6WDIIHPXMĈãMDNRÅUyİQLFčHSRNµÅ1DV]DHSRND²ZLčFF]DVVWDURĤFLDX-tora 6]DUHM VtUHI\²QLHMHVWãDJRGQDLSRJRGQD3HãQRZQLHM]DNãyFHęQLHPĈGU\FKRG]\ZHN ]ãD2F]\ZLĤFLHZHSRFHVWDUHJR6WDIIDDPãRGHJR5yİHZLF]DZODWDFKF]WHUG]LHVW\FKLSLčþ-G]LHVLĈW\FK;;ZLHNXWHİE\ã\]DNãyFHQLDJãXSLHRG]\ZNL]ãR«6WDIIRQLFKZLHG]LDãRQMH Vã\V]Dã$OHQLHW\OH]DP\NDãQDQLHVZRMĈSRH]MčLOHZ]QRVLãVLčVZRMĈSRH]MĈSRQDGQLH7D-GHXV]5yİHZLF]XZDİDİHG]LĤSRH]MDWDNDZ]QRV]ĈFDVLčSRQDGJãXSLHRG]\ZNL]ãR²MHVW WUXGQDQLHSRWU]HEQDZĈWSOLZDSRGHMU]DQDOXE]JRãDQLHPRİOLZD7DF\ZLčF6WDU]\3RHFL

211 67 $ 5 < 5™¿ ( : ,&= &= < 7$ 67 $ 5 ( * 2 67 $ )) $ ļ , &2 = 7( * 2 :< 1 ,. $ " 3R]RVWDMHIDNWHPİHVWDU\5yİHZLF]QLHW\ONRQLHSRVLDGãXPLHMčWQRĤFL QDV\FDQLDKDUPRQLĈĤZLDWDNWyUHMWHQZVRELHQLHPDDOHEDUG]LHMHOHPHQ-WDUQLHXPLHMčWQRĤFLVSRJOĈGDQLDQDU]HF]\ZLVWRĤþ]G\VWDQVHP$XWRU6]DUHM VtUHI\SR]RVWDMHZQLHQDZLVWQ\P]ZDUFLX]HZVSyãF]HVQRĤFLĈDZLčFLMHVWMD-NRĤRGQLHMX]DOHİQLRQ\SRWUDÀãMHG\QLHMHV]F]HUD]SU]\ZRãXMčEDUG]RWUDIQĈ ERQRZRF]HVQĈZDNFHVRULDFKPHWDIRUč%DUDQRZVNLHMSLVDþRZVSyãF]HVQR-ĤFLVSUHMHP%\þPRİHMDNRV\JQDãĤZLDGRPRĤFLWHJRRJUDQLF]HQLDWU]HED F]\WDþKUoSNč QDG L F]\FDã\$SSHQGL[ 5yİHZLF]D$OHMHİHOLWDNWRWU]HEDWHİ RGQRWRZDþİH]WHMĤZLDGRPRĤFLQLHZLHOHZ\QLNDWDNİHZXWZRUDFKSX-EOLNRZDQ\FKSR6]DUHM VtUHÀH5yİHZLF]SR]RVWDMHERZLHPZGZX]QDF]Q\P ]ZDUFLX]HZVSyãF]HVQRĤFLĈ1DGDORND]XMHVLčW\OHİZLHOELFLHOHPFRVãDE\P XF]QLHP/HRSROGD6WDIID 6 8 0 0 $ 5 < 3LRWU3LHWU\FK 2OG5yİHZLF]UHDGVROG6WDII²DQGZKDWWKDWPHDQV"

7KHVHULHV´$SSHQGL[µ LQWKHYROXPH6]DUD VtUHID´*UD\$UHDµLQZKLFK5y- İHZLF]SUHVHQWVDUHSOLFDRIVRUWVRIQLQHODWHSRHPVE\/HRSROG6WDIILVWKHVWDU-WLQJSRLQWIRUDFULWLFDOORRNDW5yİHZLF]·VDWWLWXGHWRWKHSHUVRQRGZRUNVE\WKH DXWKRURI:LNOLQD´:LFNHUµWKHDWWLWXGHZKLFKLVDPELJXRXVGHVSLWHWKHGHFODUD-WLRQVRISUDLVHIRU´7KH2OG3RHWµDV5yİHZLF]XVHGWRFDOO6WDII$WWKHVDPHWLPH DQDWWHPSWLVPDGHWRYHULI\EHOLHIVHVWDEOLVKHGLQWKH3ROLVKOLWHUDWXUHFRQFHUQLQJ WKHLPSDFWRI\RXQJ5yİHZLF]·VZRUNVRQ6WDII·VODVWYROXPHVRISRHWU\EHOLHIVVKD-SHGZLWKWKHFRQWULEXWLRQRI5yİHZLF]KLPVHOIHVSHFLDOO\VLQFHKHZDVWKHDXWKRU RIDQDQWKRORJ\RISRHPVE\6WDIIKto MHVt tHQ G]LZQ\ QLH]QDMoP\´:KR,V7KLV2GG 6WUDQJHUµZLWKWKH´$IWHUZRUGµZKLFKLVRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWRSLQLRQV RQSRHWU\H[SUHVVHGE\5yİHZLF] MDN6WDIIVĈG]LVLDMQLHPRİOLZLFKRþFHOSRH]MLMHVWWHQVDPLSRH]MDZVZRMHMHVHQFMLDHVHQ-

FMLSRH]ML5yİHZLF]QLJG\QLHSRGGDZDãZZĈWSOLZRĤþVLčQLH]PLHQLãDµ-âXNDVLHZLF]7D-GHXV] 5yİHZLF] L /HoSoOG 6tDII o Å$SSHQGLNVLHµ Z ÅV]DUHM

VtUHÀHµÅ2GUDµQUV.RQ- FHSFMDÅUyİQLF\HSRNµZ\UDİRQDWX]RVWDãDZVSRVyEQLHSU]HNRQXMĈF\:GRGDWNXQLHZLD-GRPRF]\PVLčEDUG]LHM]GXPLHZDþF]\HXIHPLVW\F]QĈSHU\IUD]Ĉ]JRGQLH]NWyUĈODWD L;;ZLHNXNLHG\Z3ROVFHPLDãDPLHMVFHZRMQDRNXSDFMD+RORNDXVWVWDOLQL]PWRRNUHV Z NWyU\P ÅWHİ E\ã\ ]DNãyFHQLD JãXSLH RG]\ZNL ]ãRµ F]\ WHİ VXJHVWLĈ İH RVWDWQLD GHNDGD ;;LSRF]ĈWHN;;,ZLHNXWRRNUHVMHV]F]HVWUDV]QLHMV]\-DNVLčZ\GDMHZ\ELWQHPXLNRPSH-WHQWQHPXNU\W\NRZLDXWRURZLPLQNVLĈİHNSRĤZLčFRQ\FKOLWHUDWXU]HLİ\FLXOLWHUDFNLHPX SLHUZV]HJRSRZRMHQQHJRG]LHVLčFLROHFLDSU]\GDU]\ã\VLčWDNRVREOLZHVIRUPXãRZDQLDLVX- JHVWLHERF]\WD5yİHZLF]DGRNãDGQLHLHPSDW\F]QLHZLHUQLHZHIHNFLHRGGDMĈFWHQGHQFMHZL-GRF]QHZSyĮQ\FKXWZRUDFKDXWRUD2FDOoQHJoDQW\F\SXMĈFQDSU]\NãDGZLHUV]VHUFH SoG FKoG]L

Go JDUGãD]WRPX:\MĤFLHÅZURNXZSDĮG]LHUQLNXZ\V]HGãHP]SRG]LHPLD

 ]DF]ĈãHP RGG\FKDþ  VãRZR ]D VãRZHP  RG]\VNDãHP PRZč  ]GDZDãR PL VLč  İH