• Nie Znaleziono Wyników

View of Caring for Older People in China in the Context of the Intergenerational Solidarity

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "View of Caring for Older People in China in the Context of the Intergenerational Solidarity"

Copied!
16
0
0

Pełen tekst

(1)

$

5

7

<

.

8

à

<

 52&=1,.,+80$1,67<&=1( 7RP/;,,,]HV]\W± '2,KWWSG[GRLRUJUK -2$11$$)(. '2527$.583$ '$0,$1:$/&=$. 

23,(.$1$'262%$0,67$56=<0,:&+,1$&+

:.217(.ĝ&,(62/,'$512ĝ&,0,ĉ'=<32.2/(1,2:(-

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³WKHYLUWXHRIILOLDOSLHW\´$GGUHVVLQJWKHVHSURE OHPV RU PLWLJDWLQJ WKH HIIHFWV RI WKH ODFN RI VXIILFLHQWO\ HIIHFWLYH VROXWLRQV LQYROYHV WKH VXS SRUWLQJRILQWHUJHQHUDWLRQDOVROLGDULW\

 



'U-2$11$$)(. ± .DWHGUD 6LQRORJLL Z ,QVW\WXFLH )LORORJLL .ODV\F]QHM QD :\G]LDOH 1DXN +XPDQLVW\F]Q\FK .DWROLFNLHJR 8QLZHUV\WHWX /XEHOVNLHJR -DQD 3DZáD ,, DGUHV GR NRUHVSRQ GHQFML$O5DFáDZLFNLH/XEOLQHPDLODIHNMRDQQD#NXOOXEOLQSO

'U'2527$.583$±.DWHGUD=DU]ąG]DQLD)LQDQVDPLQD:\G]LDOH1DXN(NRQRPLF]Q\FKL=D U]ąG]DQLD8QLZHUV\WHWX0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLXDGUHVGRNRUHVSRQGHQFMLXO*DJDULQDD 7RUXĔHPDLOGNUXSD#XPNSO

'U'$0,$1:$/&=$. ± .DWHGUD =DU]ąG]DQLD )LQDQVDPL QD :\G]LDOH 1DXN (NRQRPLF]Q\FK L=DU]ąG]DQLD8QLZHUV\WHWX0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLXDGUHVGRNRUHVSRQGHQFMLXO*DJDULQD D7RUXĔHPDLOGZDOF]DN#XPNSO

(2)

-2$11$$)(.±'2527$.583$±'$0,$1:$/&=$. 

:352:$'=(1,(



7HPSR VWDU]HQLD VLĊ VSRáHF]HĔVWZD FKLĔVNLHJR RUD] ]ZLą]DQ\ ] W\P Z]URVW XG]LDáX RVyE Z ZLHNX  ODW L SRZ\ĪHM Z SRSXODFML &KLQ NWyU\ ZHGáXJ V]DFXQNyZ PD Z  U SU]HNURF]\ü  MHVW RG NLONX GHNDG

V]HURNRNRPHQWRZDQ\PLRPDZLDQ\P]DJDGQLHQLHP:SURZDG]RQDZ&KLĔ

VNLHM5HSXEOLFH/XGRZHMZUDXFKZDORQDZUSROLW\NDSODQR

ZDQLD XURG]HĔ 䇑䎠ਫ਼ү੕ࡨ  QD =DFKRG]LH ]QDQD MDNR SROLW\ND MHGQHJR

G]LHFNDSU]\F]\QLáDVLĊZ]QDF]QHMPLHU]HGR]PQLHMV]HQLDSU]\URVWXQDWX UDOQHJR 3R ĞPLHUFL 0DR =HGRQJD Z  U QRZ\ U]ąG FKFLDá VWZRU]\ü IXQGDPHQW VZRMHM SROLW\F]QHM OHJLW\PL]DFML SU]\MPXMąF ]D PLDUĊ VZRMHJR VXNFHVX SRGQRV]HQLH SR]LRPX Ī\FLD OXGQRĞFL NWyUHM PLHUQLNLHP PLDá E\ü Z]URVW 3.% SHU FDSLWD .RQVHNZHQFMH QDMEDUG]LHM UHVWU\NF\MQHM QD ĞZLHFLH SROLW\NL SODQRZDQLD XURG]HĔ VSUDZLá\ ĪH &KLQ\ Vą REHFQLH Z V]F]HJyOQHM V\WXDFMLZĞUyGLQQ\FKSDĔVWZD]MDW\FNLFK

3U]HGU]ąGHPLVSRáHF]HĔVWZHPFKLĔVNLPVWRLZ\]ZDQLHVSURVWDQLDSURE OHPRPVWDU]HMąFHJRVLĊVSRáHF]HĔVWZDNWyUH]ZLą]DQHVąQLHW\ONR]H]QDOH ]LHQLHP VSRVREX QD VILQDQVRZDQLH ]DFKRG]ąF\FK ]PLDQ Z\SUDFRZDQLHP UR]ZLą]DĔ GRW\F]ąF\FK VWZRU]HQLD RGSRZLHGQLFK UDP XEH]SLHF]HĔ VSRáHF] Q\FK ] W\WXáX HPHU\WXU RFKURQ\ ]GURZLD SROLW\NL U\QNX SUDF\ F]\ ZDONą ]Z\NOXF]HQLHP VSRáHF]Q\P RVyE VWDUV]\FK 3UREOHP\ WH ]ZLą]DQHVą UyZ QLHĪ ] V]HURNR UR]XPLDQą RSLHNą QDG RVREDPL VWDUV]\PL NWyUD Z &KLQDFK PDVLOQHSRGáRĪHNXOWXURZHZ\UDĪDMąFHVLĊFKRFLDĪE\ZÄFQRFLHV\QRZVNLHM QDERĪQRĞFL´ 5R]ZLą]DQLH ZVSRPLQDQ\FK SUREOHPyZ EąGĨ ]áDJRG]HQLH VNXWNyZ EUDNX Z\VWDUF]DMąFR VNXWHF]Q\FK UR]ZLą]DĔ ZLąĪH VLĊ ]H ZVSLH UDQLHPVROLGDUQRĞFLPLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZHM

&HOHPQLQLHMV]HJRDUW\NXáXMHVWZVND]DQLHSUREOHPXRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL]D RSLHNĊ QDG RVREDPL VWDUV]\PL Z &KLQDFK Z NRQWHNĞFLH NXOWXURZ\FK SU]HMD ZyZ VROLGDUQRĞFL PLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZHM 2GSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü VSRF]\ZDMąFD QD QDMPáRGV]\FKSRNROHQLDFKZLGRF]QDMHVWZV]F]HJyOQRĞFLZIHQRPHQLH



 World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision3RSXODWLRQ'LYLVLRQRIWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI (FRQRPLF DQG 6RFLDO $IIDLUV RI WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 6HFUHWDULDW KWWSHVDXQRUJXQSS >GRVWĊS @

=PLDQ\ SU]\MĊWH Z  U GRSXV]F]DMą SRVLDGDQLH SU]H] URG]LQĊ GUXJLHJR G]LHFND R LOH MHGQR ] URG]LFyZ MHVW MHG\QDNLHP ± ]RE KWWSQHZV[LQKXDQHWFRPHQJOLVKFKLQDF BKWP>GRVWĊS@

:$1*)(1*<21*&$,%$2&+$1**8Ä3RSXODWLRQ3ROLF\DQG3ROLWLFV+RZ:LOO+LVWRU\ -XGJH &KLQD¶V 2QH&KLOG 3ROLF\"´ Population and Development Review” (Supplement)   

(3)

23,(.$1$'262%$0,67$56=<0,:&+,1$&+ 

,'($62/,'$512ĝ&,0,ĉ'=<32.2/(1,2:(- $'%$à2ĝû2262%<67$56=(



6DPRSRMĊFLHVROLGDUQRĞFLMDNRZVSyOQRW\LQWHUHVyZZGHILQLFMLFKRFLDĪE\ 3 6]WRPSNL UR]XPLDQH MHVW PLQ MDNR ÄJRWRZRĞü GR ZVSyáSUDF\ SRSDUFLD LQLHVLHQLD SRPRF\ ZREHF RVyE NWyUH REHMPXMHP\ NDWHJRULą µP\¶ >«@´

2GQLHVLHQLH WDNLHM SRVWDFL GHILQLFML VROLGDUQRĞFL ZLGRF]QH MHVW ZGHILQLR ZDQLX SRMĊFLD VROLGDUQRĞFL PLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZHM SU]H] 36]XNDOVNLHJR MDNR ÄSRF]XFLDZ]DMHPQHMRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLZREHFRVyESU]\QDOHĪąF\FKGRLQ

Q\FKJHQHUDFML´$XWRUWHQ]DXZDĪDĪHVROLGDUQRĞüPLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZDR]QD

F]D XZ]JOĊGQLHQLH Z SRGHMPRZDQ\FK REHFQLH GHF\]MDFK VNXWNyZ QDV]\FK G]LDáDĔGODSRNROHĔSU]\V]á\FKZWDNLVSRVyEDE\QLHRJUDQLF]Dü]QDF]ąFR PRĪOLZRĞFL LFK UR]ZRMX 7HQ VSRVyE UR]XPLHQLD VROLGDUQRĞFL PLĊG]\SRNR

OHQLRZHMXND]XMHMHMEOLVNRĞüLGHL]UyZQRZDĪRQHJRUR]ZRMX

1DOHĪ\ ]DXZDĪ\ü ĪH LVWQLHMH V]HUHJ EDGDĔ ZVND]XMąF\FK QD UyĪQLFH ZSRVWU]HJDQLX Z ]DDQJDĪRZDQLH SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK SRNROHĔ Z MDNRĞü UHODFML RUD]VROLGDUQRĞüPLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZą*7URPPVGRUIIL%6FKZDU]VWZLHU G]LOLĪHWRURG]LFHZ\ND]XMąZLĊNV]\SR]LRP]DLQWHUHVRZDQLD]DFKRZDQLHP SR]\W\ZQ\FKUHODFMLZURG]LQLH]DSHZQLHQLDFLąJáRĞFLURG]LQQ\FKZDUWRĞFL QLĪ G]LHFL :HGáXJ EDGDĔ 9 %HQJWVRQD L - .X\SHUVD WR ZáDĞQLH URG]LFH

Z\UDĪDMą Z\ĪV]\ SR]LRP EOLVNRĞFL Z UHODFML ]H VZRLPL G]LHüPL QLĪ G]LHFL

]URG]LFDPL7DNĪHSUDFD/5LFKDUGVD9%HQJWVRQDL50LOOHUDZVND]XMH

ĪH VROLGDUQRĞü Z\UDĪDQD SU]H] VWDUV]H SRNROHQLD ZREHF PáRG\FK SRNROHĔ MHVWVLOQLHMV]DQLĪZSU]HFLZQ\PNLHUXQNX



3,2756=7203.$Socjologia. Analiza spoeczestwa .UDNyZ=QDN 

3,2756=8.$/6.,Ä&]\PMHVWVROLGDUQRĞüPLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZD"´ ZJako ycia seniorów w XXI wieku z perspektywy polityki spoecznej UHG'2527$.$à8ĩ$3,2756=8.$/6., àyGĨ 8QLZHUV\WHWàyG]NL ±

6]HU]HMR]ZLą]NXVROLGDUQRĞFL]UR]ZRMHP]UyZQRZDĪRQ\PZ67$1,6à$:$'$0,$.'$ 0,$1:$/&=$.Ä&DWKROLF6RFLDO7HDFKLQJ6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQWDQG6RFLDO6ROLGDULVPLQ WKH&RQWH[WRI6RFLDO6HFXULW\´Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting  

*,6(/$752006'25))%($7(6&+:$5=Ä7KH,QWHUJHQHUDWLRQDO6WDNH+\SRWKHVLV¶LQ,QGR QHVLD DQG *HUPDQ\ $GXOW 'DXJKWHUV¶ DQG 7KHLU 0RWKHUV¶ 3HUFHSWLRQ RI 7KHLU 5HODWLRQVKLS´

Current Sociology  ±

9(51/%(1*7621-26(3+$.8<3(56Ä*HQHUDWLRQDO'LIIHUHQFHDQGWKH'HYHORSPHQWDO 6WDNH´Aging and Human Development  ±

/(6/,( 1 5,&+$5'6 9(51 / %(1*7621 5,&+$5' % 0,//(5 Ä7KH µ*HQHUDWLRQ LQ WKH 0LGGOH¶ /RQJLWXGLQDO 7UHQGV LQ WKH 3HUFHSWLRQ RI $GXOWV¶ ,QWHUJHQHUDWLRQDO 5HODWLRQVKLSV´ Z

Family Systems and Life-span Development UHG.857.5(331(55,&+$5'0/(51(5 +LOOVGDOH 1-(UOEDXP ±=D4,:$1*Intergenerational Solidarity and Its Effects on Life

(4)

-2$11$$)(.±'2527$.583$±'$0,$1:$/&=$. 

.RQW\QXXMąF ]DJDGQLHQLH UyĪQLF PLĊG]\ SRNROHQLDPL QDOHĪ\ SRGNUHĞOLü ĪH VDP WHUPLQ ÄSRNROHQLH´ Z NRQWHNĞFLH VROLGDUQRĞFL PLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZHM PRĪH PLHü UyĪQH ]QDF]HQLD 3 6]XNDOVNL UR]UyĪQLD WU]\ MHJR ]QDF]HQLD

DQWURSRORJLF]QH HNRQRPLF]QRGHPRJUDILF]QH RUD] Z UR]XPLHQLX SROLW\NL VSRáHF]QHM : ]QDF]HQLX DQWURSRORJLF]Q\P RGQRV]ąF\P VLĊ GR Ī\FLD UR G]LQQHJR SRNROHQLH R]QDF]D RJyá VSRNUHZQLRQ\FK RVyE SRVLDGDMąF\FK ZVSyOQHJR SU]RGND 2GZRáXMąF VLĊ GR SXEOLNDFML 5 .DW]D L $ /RZHQ

VWHLQD36]XNDOVNLRGQRVLWHUPLQVROLGDUQRĞFLPLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZHMZDV

SHNFLH EDGDĔ QDG URG]LQą GR V]HĞFLX HOHPHQWyZ RSLVXMąF\FK HPRFMRQDOQą VSyMQRĞü NRQWDNW\ RGOHJáRĞü JHRJUDILF]Qą QDZ\NL ZVSLHUDQLD ]RERZLą ]DQLDZHZQąWU]URG]LQQHRUD]XPLHMĊWQRĞFLLFKĊüSRUR]XPLHQLDVLĊ:]QD F]HQLXGHPRJUDILF]QRHNRQRPLF]Q\PSRNROHQLHRNUHĞODVLĊMDNRJUXSĊRVyE XURG]RQ\FKZW\PVDP\PRNUHVLH=NROHLVROLGDUQRĞü PLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZD ZUR]XPLHQLXHNRQRPLF]Q\PRGQRVLVLĊGRUyZQHJRZSU]\EOLĪHQLXWUDNWR ZDQLDNROHMQ\FKJHQHUDFMLZ\UDĪDMąFHJRVLĊZ]DEH]SLHF]DQLXSUDZHPHU\ WDOQ\FKSU]\V]á\FKĞZLDGF]HQLRELRUFyZZWDNLVSRVyEDE\E\á\HNZLZDOHQW QH Z SRUyZQDQLX ]H ĞZLDGF]HQLDPL REHFQ\FK HPHU\WyZ RUD] GR X]\VNDQLD ZNDĪGHM NROHMQHM JHQHUDFML HNZLZDOHQWQHJR ZNáDGX GR ZVSyOQHJR G]LHOR QHJRPLĊG]\ZV]\VWNLFKIXQGXV]X UDFKXQNRZRĞüJHQHUDF\MQD 7U]HFLH]QD F]HQLHWHUPLQXÄSRNROHQLH´FKDUDNWHU\VW\F]QHGODSROLW\NLVSRáHF]QHMXPRĪ OLZLD Z\RGUĊEQLHQLH GRFHORZ\FK JUXS WHM SROLW\NL 6ROLGDUQRĞü PLĊG]\SR NROHQLRZD Z SHUVSHNW\ZLH SROLW\NL VSRáHF]QHM MHVW ]ELRUHP G]LDáDĔ SRGHM PRZDQ\FKZFHOX]DSHZQLHQLDĪHSRV]F]HJyOQHJHQHUDFMHZGáXJLPRNUHVLH

EĊGąZVSLHUDüVLĊQDZ]DMHPZGXFKXVSRNRMXVSRáHF]QHJR

*HQHUDOQLHPRĪQDVWZLHUG]LüĪHVROLGDUQRĞüPLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZDPRĪHE\ü UR]SDWU\ZDQDMDNRSURFHVZF]DVLHĞFLĞOH]ZLą]DQ\]]DVWĊSRZDOQRĞFLąSRNR OHĔ Z W\P PLQ ] RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLą SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK SRNROHĔ ]D V\WXDFMĊ F]\GEDáRĞüRRVRE\VWDUV]H6SRVyEGEDQLDRRVRE\VWDUV]HZUyĪQ\FKUHJLR QDFKĞZLDWDKLVWRU\F]QLHE\áLMHVWRGPLHQQ\FRPDUyĪQHSRGVWDZ\UHOLJLMQH NXOWXURZHVSRáHF]QHSUDZQHF]\WHĪHNRQRPLF]QH



Satisfaction among Chinese elders. 7KHVLV*HRUJLD*HRUJLD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\KWWSVFKRODU

ZRUNVJVXHGXJHURQWRORJ\BWKHVHV>GRVWĊS@ 6=8.$/6.,Ä&]\PMHVWVROLGDUQRĞüPLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZD"´

587+.$7=$5,(/$/2:(167(,1 Ä7KHRUHWLFDO 3HUVSHFWLYHV RQ ,QWHUJHQHUDWLRQDO 6ROLGD ULW\&RQIOLFWDQG$PELYDOHQFH´ZAgeing and Intergenerational Relations. Family Reciprocity

from a Global PerspectiveUHG0,6$,=86+$5$ %ULVWRO3ROLF\3UHVV ± 6=8.$/6.,Czym jest solidarno midzypokoleniowa?

(5)

23,(.$1$'262%$0,67$56=<0,:&+,1$&+  :WUDNWDFLH]/L]ERQ\]PLHQLDMąF\P7UDNWDWR8QLL(XURSHMVNLHML7UDN WDWXVWDQDZLDMąF\:VSyOQRWĊ(XURSHMVNąVSRU]DG]RQ\PZ/L]ERQLHJUXG QLD  U Z DUW  8QLD (XURSHMVND ZVND]XMH ĪH Ä]ZDOF]D Z\áąF]HQLH

VSRáHF]QHLG\VNU\PLQDFMĊRUD] ZVSLHUDVSUDZLHGOLZRĞüLRFKURQĊVRFMDOQą UyZQRĞüNRELHWLPĊĪF]\]QVROLGDUQRĞüPLĊG]\SRNROHQLDPLLRFKURQĊSUDZ G]LHFND´

.RUDQ Z VXU]H    ZVND]XMH ĪH WURVND R URG]LFyZ WR RERZLą]HN NDĪGHJR PX]XáPDQLQD Ä, SRVWDQRZLá WZyM 3DQ DE\ĞFLH QLH F]FLOL QLNRJR LQQHJR MDN W\ONR -HJR L GOD URG]LFyZ ± GREURü $ MHĞOL MHGQR ] QLFK OXE RERMHRVLąJQąSU]\WRELHVWDURĞüWRQLHPyZLPµSUHF]¶LQLHSRS\FKDMLFK OHF] PyZ GR QLFK VáRZDPL SHáQ\PL V]DFXQNX 3RFK\ODM NX QLP VNU]\GáR áDJRGQRĞFLSU]H]PLáRVLHUG]LHLPyZµ3DQLHPyMEąGĨGODQLFKPLáRVLHUQ\ WDNMDNRQLE\OLZ\FKRZXMąFPQLHNLHG\E\áHPPDá\¶´

ĩ\G]LQDWRPLDVWMDNLFKU]HĞFLMDQLHRGZRáXMąVLĊGRVáyZÄ6]DQXMVZHJR RMFDLVZąPDWNĊ´ 7RUD±6]HPRW6WDU\7HVWDPHQW±.VLĊJD:\MĞFLD  1LHZąWSOLZLHRELHUHOLJLH±MXGDL]PLFKU]HĞFLMDĔVWZR±ZLHORNURWQLH RGZRá\ZDá\ VLĊ GR RERZLą]NX WURVNL R URG]LFyZ RVRE\ VWDUV]H L ]DZV]H ZVSRPLQDá\RNRQLHF]QRĞFL]DSHZQLHQLDLPRGSRZLHGQLHMRSLHNL3RGVXPR ZDá WR SDSLHĪ -DQ 3DZHá ,, Ä,VWQLHMą NXOWXU\ SU]HMDZLDMąFH V]F]HJyOQą

F]HĞüLZLHONąPLáRĞüGODRVyEVWDUV]\FK&]áRZLHNVWDU\QLHE\ZDWDPQLJG\ Z\áąF]RQ\ ]URG]LQ\ F]\ WUDNWRZDQ\ MDNR QLHXĪ\WHF]Q\ FLĊĪDU SR]RVWDMH ZURG]LQLH LFKRFLDĪ ]RERZLą]DQ\ GR V]DQRZDQLD DXWRQRPLL QRZHM URG]LQ\ QDGDO ELHU]H F]\QQ\ L RGSRZLHG]LDOQ\ XG]LDá Z MHM Ī\FLX D QDGH ZV]\VWNR Z\SHáQLDFHQQHSRVáDQQLFWZRĞZLDGNDSU]HV]áRĞFLLLQVSLUDWRUDPąGURĞFLGOD PáRG\FK L GOD SU]\V]áRĞFL´ ,VWQLHMą WHĪ QLHVWHW\ NXOWXU\ NWyUH ± ]ZáDV]F]D ZQDVWĊSVWZLH QLHXSRU]ąGNRZDQHJR UR]ZRMX SU]HP\VáRZHJR L XUEDQLVW\F] QHJR±GRSURZDG]Lá\LSURFHVWHQMHVWNRQW\QRZDQ\GRQLHGRSXV]F]DOQHJR ]HSFKQLĊFLDVWDUV]\FKQDPDUJLQHVĪ\FLDFRMHVWGODQLFKĨUyGáHPZLHONLHJR FLHUSLHQLDDUyZQRF]HĞQLHGXFKRZHJR]XERĪHQLDZLHOXURG]LQ

']LDáDOQRĞü GXV]SDVWHUVND .RĞFLRáD ZLQQD SREXG]Lü ZV]\VWNLFK GR RG NU\FLD L GRFHQLHQLD ]DGDQLD RVyE VWDUV]\FK ZH ZVSyOQRFLH ĞZLHFNLHM L NR ĞFLHOQHM D ]ZáDV]F]D Z URG]LQLH -DN VWZLHUG]Lá SDSLHĪ )UDQFLV]HN Ä7R ZQLHM URG]LQLH  ©]DRSLHNRZDQLH VLĊª VWDUV]\PL  VWDMH VLĊ IXQGDPHQWHP



 Traktat z Lizbony zmieniajcy Traktat o Unii Europejskiej i Traktat ustanawiajcy Wspól-not Europejsk, sporzdzony w Lizbonie dnia 13 grudnia 2007 r. ']8QUSR] Adhortacja apostolska Ojca witego Jana Pawa II o zadaniach rodziny chrzecijaskiej w wiecie wspóczesnym „Familiaris consortio” do biskupów kapanów i wiernych caego Ko-cioa katolickiegoQU

(6)

-2$11$$)(.±'2527$.583$±'$0,$1:$/&=$.  HJ]\VWHQFMLOXG]NLHMLSRVWDZąPRUDOQąNWyUąQDOHĪ\XSRZV]HFKQLDüSRSU]H] ZDUWRĞFL]DDQJDĪRZDQLDLVROLGDUQRĞFL´ %XGG\ĞFLXZDĪDMąĪHNDĪGąFKZLOĊĪ\FLDQDOHĪ\WUDNWRZDüMDNRZ\MąWNR Zą L FHQQą FR QDND]XMH LP Z\NRU]\VW\ZDü MH MDN QDMOHSLHM L QDMSHáQLHM DMHGQRF]HĞQLHSR]ZDODDNFHSWRZDüPRĪOLZRĞüĞPLHUFLPRJąFHMSRMDZLüVLĊ ZNDĪG\P]W\FKPRPHQWyZ

: -DSRQLL ÄRERZLą]\ZDáD ]DVDGD SULPRJHQLWXU\ ² QDMVWDUV]\ V\Q G]LH G]LF]\á FDá\ PDMąWHN MDN UyZQLHĪ SU]HMPRZDá RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü ]D RSLHNĊ QDG VZRLPL URG]LFDPL %H]SRĞUHGQLą RSLHNą QDG QLPL PLDáD ] NROHL ]DMPR ZDüVLĊMHJRĪRQD´6\VWHPWHQE\á]ZLą]DQ\]ZLHORSRNROHQLRZRĞFLąJRVSR GDUVWZ GRPRZ\FK Z -DSRQLL =PLDQ\ VSRáHF]QRNXOWXURZH RUD] ]QLHVLHQLH ZSUDZLH ]DVDG\ SULPRJHQLWXU\ SR ,, ZRMQLH ĞZLDWRZHM VSRZRGRZDá\ NR QLHF]QRĞü V\VWHPRZHJR UR]ZLą]DQLD SUREOHPX RSLHNL QDG VWDUV]\PL QS

SRSU]H]8EH]SLHF]HQLH2SLHNL'áXJRWHUPLQRZHM

: :LHWQDPLH G]LHFL Vą ]RERZLą]DQH ]JRGQLH ] EXGG\]PHP L NRQIXFMD QL]PHP GR RSLHNL QDG URG]LFDPL Z ]DPLDQ ]D Z\FKRZDQLH 5RG]LQ\ Vą SU]HZDĪQLH ZLHORSRNROHQLRZHL±SRGREQLHMDN ZZLHOXLQQ\FKD]MDW\FNLFK SDĔVWZDFK ± SDWULDUFKDOQH D ]JRGD QD ]HZQĊWU]Qą SRPRF QDG URG]LFDPL LG]LDGNDPLF]DVDPLMHVWRGELHUDQDQDZHWMDNRÄORVWIDFH´

 

23,(.$1$'262%$0,67$56=<0,:&+,1$&+

2ERZLą]HN RSLHNL SU]H] G]LHFL QDG VĊG]LZ\PL URG]LFDPL PD SRGáRĪH NXOWXURZRHNRQRPLF]QH:WUDG\F\MQ\FK&KLQDFKJáyZQ\P V\VWHPHPILOR ]RILF]QRSROLW\F]Q\PE\áNRQIXFMDQL]PNWyU\]DF]DVyZG\QDVWLL+DQ  SQH±QH XUyVáGRUDQJLQDXNLRILFMDOQHM.RQIXFMDQL]P]GHILQLRZDá 

3$3,(ĩ)5$1&,6=(.„Najcisz chorob, na jak s naraone osoby starsze, jest opusz-czenie”Przesanie z okazji 20-lecia Papieskiej Akademii «Pro Vita»,,U

-$&(.3586=<ē6.,Ä3RWU]HE\LRF]HNLZDQLDEXGG\VWyZZF]DVLHFKRURE\LVFK\áNRZHJR RNUHVX Ī\FLD´ Gerontologia Polska    ± (9$.0$6(/623+,(6&+85+(5 %(57+:$7=.(Ä/LIHLV8QFHUWDLQ'HDWKLV&HUWDLQ%XGGKLVPDQG3DOOLDWLYH&DUH´ Journal of

Pain and Symptom Management  

%$5726= 3,(/,ē6., Ä3ROLW\ND VSRáHF]QD ZREHF VWDU]HMąFHJR VLĊ VSRáHF]HĔVWZD ± UR]ZyM V\VWHPXHPHU\WDOQHJRLV\VWHPX8EH]SLHF]HQLD2SLHNL'áXJRWHUPLQRZHMZ-DSRQLL´Problemy

Polityki Spoecznej±

&*2/'0$1Ä9LHWQDPHVH&XOWXUDO3URILOH´Diversicare. West End±

 Encyklopedia mdroci Wschodu. Buddyzm. Hinduizm. Taoizm. Zen UHG6WHSKDQ6FKXK PDFKHU*HUW:RHUQHUWáXP0LHF]\VáDZ-HU]\.QVWOHU :DUV]DZD:DUV]DZVNL'RP:\GDZ QLF]\ 

(7)

23,(.$1$'262%$0,67$56=<0,:&+,1$&+  Ī\FLH SROLW\F]QH L VSRáHF]QH &KLQ QD NROHMQH GZD W\VLąFOHFLD 3RGVWDZą PRUDOQRĞFL NRQIXFMDĔVNLHM E\áD URG]LQD ZDUWRĞü GOD MHGQRVWNL QDMZDĪQLHM V]D =JRGQLH ] ILOR]RILą NRQIXFMDĔVNą NDĪG\ GRURVá\ F]áRZLHN SRZLQLHQ

ZVWąSLüZ]ZLą]HNPDáĪHĔVNLLVSáRG]LüG]LHFL:DĪQHDE\E\OLWRV\QRZLH NWyU]\ZSU]HFLZLHĔVWZLHGRFyUHN]RVWDZDOLZGRPXURG]LFyZ6\QRZLH]H VZRMąURG]LQąGEDOLRVWDU]HMąF\FKVLĊURG]LFyZDWDNĪHWURV]F]\OLVLĊRQLFK SR LFK ĞPLHUFL SUDNW\NXMąF NXOW SU]RGNyZ 2GSUDZLDOL XURF]\VWH REU]ĊG\ LVNáDGDOL RILDU\ ]PDUá\P SU]RGNRP FR PLDáR ]DSHZQLü VSRNyM SU]HE\ZDMą F\PZ]DĞZLDWDFKRUD]VSURZDG]LüZV]HONLHáDVNLLGREURE\WQDSR]RVWDMąF\FK QD]LHPL%UDNPĊVNLHJRSRWRPVWZDX]QDZDQ\E\áZWDNLHMV\WXDFML]DQDM ZLĊNV]HQLHV]F]ĊĞFLHDOHWDNĪH]DSRJZDáFHQLHQDMZDĪQLHMV]HMFQRW\±FQRW\ QDERĪQRĞFLV\QRZVNLHM]JRGQLH]SRZLHG]HQLHPÄ6ąWU]\Z\VWĊSNLSU]HFLZ FQRFLHQDERĪQRĞFLV\QRZVNLHMQDMZLĊNV]\PMHVWEUDNSRWRPVWZD´ ෈޻༙ࢀ Ꮲ޵ ୉Ѫ &QRWDQDERĪQRĞFLV\QRZVNLHMZ\UDĪDáDVLĊUyZQLHĪZEH]Z]JOĊG Q\P SRVáXV]HĔVWZLH L SRĞZLĊFHQLX ZREHF URG]LFyZ 6\Q E\á ] MHGQHM VWURQ\ NRQW\QXDWRUHPWUDG\FML]GUXJLHM]DĞJZDUDQWRZDá]DEH]SLHF]HQLHILQDQVRZH QDVWDURĞü=WHJRZ]JOĊGXSRVLDGDQLHURG]LQ\LPĊVNLFKSRWRPNyZE\áRWDN ZDĪQHZWUDG\F\MQ\FK&KLQDFKLMHVWZDĪQHWDNĪHREHFQLH=DVDG\WHVąQLH MDNR ÄZGUXNRZDQH´ Z PHQWDOQRĞü &KLĔF]\NyZ ZLHOX ] QLFK RSLHNĊ QDG VWDU]HMąF\PL VLĊ URG]LFDPL XZDĪD ]D VZyM QDWXUDOQ\ RERZLą]HN ,$WWDQp

SU]\WDF]D WDNą ZFDOH QLHRGRVREQLRQą Z\SRZLHGĨ Ä0yM RMFLHF Z SU]\V]á\P URNX EĊG]LH PLDá  ODW 0RMH PLHMVFH MHVW REHFQLH RERN PRLFK URG]LFyZ 3RZLQLHQHPVLĊQLPL]DMPRZDü'ODWHJRPXV]Ċ]UH]\JQRZDü]NDULHU\Z6WD QDFK=MHGQRF]RQ\FK$PHU\NLL]QDOHĨüSUDFĊZ&KLQDFK´:F]DVDFKPDRL VWRZVNLFKSUyERZDQRZ\NRU]HQLüWUDG\FMĊV]DQRZDQLDRVyEVWDUV]\FK ]ZáD V]F]DSRGF]DV5HZROXFML.XOWXUDOQHMZODWDFK MHGQDNSRĞPLHUFL 0DRLRGVXQLĊFLXRGZáDG]\MHJRSRSOHF]QLNyZVWDUHSUDNW\NLRGĪ\á\

: &KLQDFK ZVSyáF]HVQ\FK Z ]ZLą]NX ] EDUG]R Z\VRNLP SU]\URVWHP QDWXUDOQ\PRGNRĔFDODW;;ZLHNXZSURZDG]RQRZVSRPQLDQąMXĪW]Z SROLW\NĊ MHGQHJR G]LHFND NWyUD GUDVW\F]QLH RJUDQLF]\áD OLF]EĊ G]LHFL Z UR G]LQLH3LHUZV]HSRP\Vá\DE\ZSURZDG]LüÄSROLW\NĊMHGQHJRG]LHFND´SRMD



+$-,0(1$.$085$ Systemy mylenia ludów Wschodu. Indie. Chiny. Tybet. Japonia WáXP 0$&,(-.$1(57:,6à$:$6=.8'/$5&=<.%5.,û :DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR8QLZHUV\WHWX-DJLHO ORĔVNLHJR 

/,-,1*Ä&KLQD¶V%LGWR3URYLGH&DUH6\VWHPIRU(OGHUO\)DFHV+XUGOHV:DUQ([SHUWV´ South China Morning Post  6HSWHPEHU  V  KWWSZZZVFPSFRPQHZVFKLQDDUWLFOH

FKLQDVELGSURYLGHFDUHV\VWHPHOGHUO\IDFHVKXUGOHVZDUQH[SHUWV>GRVWĊS@ ,6$%(//($77$1eTam gdzie dzieci s luksusemChiny wobec katastrofy demograficznej WáXP$1'5=(-%LOLN :DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR6WXGLR(0.$ 

(8)

-2$11$$)(.±'2527$.583$±'$0,$1:$/&=$. 

ZLá\ VLĊ ZĞUyG FKLĔVNLFK OLGHUyZ MXĪ Z  U D URN SyĨQLHM ]RVWDáD RQD SXEOLF]QLHRJáRV]RQDQDáDPDFKÄ']LHQQLND/XGRZHJR´LSU]H]DJHQFMĊ;LQ KXD 1LH SU]\MĊáD RQD IRUP\ XVWDZ\ F]\ UR]SRU]ąG]HQLD DOH E\áD MHG\QLH

Ä]DOHFHQLHP´ : UDPDFK WHJR Ä]DOHFHQLD´ JRG]ąFHJR Z SUDZD F]áRZLHND GRNRQ\ZDQR SU]\PXVRZ\FK DERUFML L VWHU\OL]DFML RUD] VHOHNW\ZQHM DERUFML SáRGyZSU]H]FRSRZVWU]\PDQR ZHGáXJRILFMDOQ\FKGDQ\FK POQXUR

G]HĔ:GDOV]HMMHGQDNSHUVSHNW\ZLHÄSROLW\NDMHGQHJRG]LHFND´]PLHQLáD

VWUXNWXUĊ GHPRJUDILF]Qą ZVSyáF]HVQ\FK &KLQ 'RSURZDG]LáD GR ]QDF]QHJR GHILF\WX NRELHW L SU]\VSLHV]\áD SURFHV\ VWDU]HQLD VLĊ VSRáHF]HĔVWZD FKLĔ VNLHJR :  U  &KLĔF]\NyZ ]  POG  WR OXG]LH ZZLHNX

SURGXNF\MQ\P F]\OL PDMąF\ RG  GR  ODW D MHG\QLH  WR OXG]LH ZZLHNX HPHU\WDOQ\P F]\OL FL NWyU]\ XNRĔF]\OL  URN Ī\FLD FR GDMH 

SUDFXMąF\FKQDHPHU\WD:QLHGDOHNLHMSU]\V]áRĞFLWDNRU]\VWQDV\WXDFMD

XOHJQLH GUDVW\F]QHM ]PLDQLH L ZHGáXJ SURJQR] GHPRJUDILF]Q\FK Z U QDHPHU\WDEĊG]LHSU]\SDGDáRW\ONRSUDFXMąFHJR

3URFHV\VWDU]HQLDVLĊVSRáHF]HĔVWZDFKLĔVNLHJRVąRF]\ZLVWHGODZV]\VW NLFK ]QDMGXMą RQH QDZHW RG]ZLHUFLHGOHQLH Z MĊ]\NX  : SRZV]HFKQ\P

XĪ\FLX Vą Z\UDĪHQLD Ä\LQ VH ORQJ FKDR´ NWyUH R]QDF]D ÄVLZRZáRVą IDOĊ´ RUD] ÄNRQJ FKDR´ R]QDF]DMąFH ÄSXVWH JQLD]GR´ EąGĨ ÄVDPRWQ\FK URG]L FyZ´ ÄZLHNHPHU\WDOQ\´RUD]ÄHPHU\WXUĊ´Ä3XVWHJQLD]GR´RGQRVLVLĊGR GRPyZOXG]LVWDUV]\FKNWyU]\Ī\MąVDPRWQLHEH]G]LHFLLOXEZQXF]ąW6]D FXMH VLĊ ĪH Z 6KDQJKDLX L Z SURZLQFML =KHMLDQJ Ī\MH VDPRWQLH EH] G]LHFL

SRGMHGQ\PGDFKHPRVyEVWDUV]\FK

7R FR GR WHM SRU\ E\áR RNUHĞORQH WUDG\FMą Z &K5/ VWDáR VLĊ SUDZHP =JRGQLH ] NRQVW\WXFMą &KLĔVNLHM 5HSXEOLNL /XGRZHM ]  U DUW  SW Ä2FKURQD PDáĪHĔVWZD L URG]LQ\´  Ä5RG]LFH PDMą RERZLą]HN Z\FKRZ\ZDü LNV]WDáFLü VZRMH G]LHFL GR PRPHQWX RVLąJQLĊFLD SU]H] QLH SHáQROHWQLRĞFL GRURVáHG]LHFLPDMąRERZLą]HNZVSLHUDüURG]LFyZLLPSRPDJDü1DUXV]HQLH ZROQRĞFLPDáĪHĔVWZDMHVW]DEURQLRQHSRGREQLHMDN]QĊFDQLHVLĊQDGOXGĨPL



 :$1*)(1*<21*&$,%$2&+$1**8 Ä3RSXODWLRQ 3ROLF\ DQG 3ROLWLFV +RZ ZLOO +LVWRU\ -XGJH&KLQD¶V2QHFKLOG3ROLF\"´Population and Development Review 6XSSOHPHQW   

7DPĪH

$77$1eTam gdzie dzieci s luksusem

52%(57&32=(1Ä7DFNOLQJWKH&KLQHVH3HQVLRQ6\VWHP´Paulson Policy Memorandum  -XO\ 

<86+, %21, /,Ä7KH&KDOOHQJHVRI$JLQJWRZDUGV&KLQHVH6RFLHW\´Public Administra-tion and Management: An Interactive Journal  

(9)

23,(.$1$'262%$0,67$56=<0,:&+,1$&+  VWDUV]\PL NRELHWDPL L G]LHüPL´ 5]ąG FKLĔVNL ]GDMH VRELH MHGQDN VSUDZĊ

]WHQGHQFMLGHPRJUDILF]Q\FKLMXĪWHUD]SRGHMPXMHV]HUHJNURNyZDE\]QL ZHORZDü QHJDW\ZQH NRQVHNZHQFMH VWDU]HQLD VLĊ FKLĔVNLHJR VSRáHF]HĔVWZD 1LHPRĪHWHĪ]U]XFLüFDáHJRFLĊĪDUXXWU]\PDQLDURVQąFHMOLF]E\HPHU\WyZQD EDUNL G]LHFL L URG]LQ ĝZLDGF]\ R W\P SU]HSURZDG]RQD Z JUXGQLX  U QRZHOL]DFMDXVWDZ\]UÄ2RFKURQLHSUDZLLQWHUHVyZRVyEVWDUV]\FK´ ஦ ਕ຿ڠ࿪ࠅ࿟೧ਕ㖹ӻฯ্๑ॾ NWyUDZHV]áDZĪ\FLHOLSFDU

=QRZHOL]RZDQD XVWDZD MHVW ]QDF]QLH REV]HUQLHMV]D RG SLHUZRWQHM L SR UXV]D QLHPDOĪH ZV]\VWNLH DVSHNW\ Ī\FLD RVyE VWDUV]\FK REOLJXMH ]DUyZQR LQVW\WXFMHU]ąGRZH ZV]\VWNLFKV]F]HEOL VSRáHF]HĔVWZRMDNLURG]LQĊ RVR E\ ZVSLHUDMąFH  GR ]DMĊFLD VLĊ SUREOHPHP OXG]L Z SRGHV]á\P ZLHNX &Dá\ UR]G]LDá GUXJL SRĞZLĊFRQ\ MHVW ZáDĞQLH RERZLą]NRP URG]LQQ\P Ä2VRE\ ZVSLHUDMąFHVWDUV]\FK´WRG]LHFLOXESUDZQLRSLHNXQRZLHLLFKPDáĪRQNRZLH 0DMąRQLPLQ]DSHZQLDüE\WHNRQRPLF]Q\RVyEVWDUV]\FKSRNU\ZDüNRV]W\ OHF]HQLDLRSLHNLSLHOĊJQDF\MQHMGEDüRRGSRZLHGQLHZDUXQNLPLHV]NDQLRZH SRPDJDüSU]\XSUDZLHUROL]DSHZQLDüVSRNyMHPRFMRQDOQ\UHJXODUQLH F]Ċ VWR RGZLHG]DüZSU]\SDGNXRVREQHJR]DPLHV]NLZDQLD=NROHLRVRE\VWDU V]H PDMą SUDZR XELHJDü VLĊ R DOLPHQW\ RG F]áRQNyZ URG]LQ\ XQLNDMąF\FK VZ\FK RERZLą]NyZ URG]LQD QLH PRĪH XFK\ODü VLĊ RG RERZLą]NX SRPDJDQLD RVRERPVWDUV]\PSRSU]H]]U]HF]HQLHVLĊSUDZGRG]LHG]LF]HQLDRVRE\VWDUV]H L LFK PDáĪRQNRZLH PDMą VRELH QDZ]DMHP SRPDJDü D WDNĪH PáRGV]H URG]HĔ VWZRVWDUV]HPXMHĞOLE\áRSU]H]QLHZ\FKRZDQHRSLHNXQRZLHRVyEVWDUV]\FK PRJą ]DZU]Hü PLĊG]\ VREą XPRZĊ FR GR RSLHNL QDG VWDUV]\PL NWyUHM WR UHDOL]DFMĊ PRJą QDG]RURZDü NRPLWHW\ VąVLHG]NLH L LQQH RUJDQL]DFMH RVRE\ VWDUV]H PDMą ]DSHZQLRQą SUDZHP ZROQRĞü GR ]DZLHUDQLD PDáĪHĔVWZ UR]ZR GyZLSRQRZQ\FKPDáĪHĔVWZDWDNĪHGRG\VSRQRZDQLDVZRMąZáDVQRĞFLą

=JRGQLH]XVWDZą DUW G]LHZLąW\G]LHĔG]LHZLąWHJRPLHVLąFDNVLĊĪ\ FRZHJRWR']LHĔ6HQLRUD ÄG]LHZLĊü´ZMĊ]\NXFKLĔVNLPEU]PLLGHQW\F]QLH MDNÄVWDU\´±Ä´MHVWV\PEROHPGáXJRZLHF]QRĞFL 1DMZLĊNV]HNRQWURZHUVMH Z]EXG]LáMHGQDNDUWZNWyU\PZLGQLHMHQDVWĊSXMąF\]DSLVÄ-HĪHOLRVRE\ VWDUV]H PLHV]NDMą RVREQR WR SRZLQQR VLĊ MH F]ĊVWR RGZLHG]Dü OXE Z\V\áDü

SR]GURZLHQLD´ ༫࿟೧ਕ෾䇘ڋेద䟛ਕ䎑 ᓄ 㓿౲ ৙؅๮҅ं ޫ࿟೧ਕ䰞 1DND]RG

ZLHG]DQLDVWDUV]\FKPRĪHE\üMHGQDNXFLąĪOLZ\OXEQLHZ\NRQDOQ\GODRVyE PLHV]NDMąF\FK EDUG]R GDOHNR OXE ]D JUDQLFą D VDP ]DSLV ÄF]ĊVWR´ QLH MHVW



3HáQ\ WHNVW NRQVW\WXFML Z MĊ]\NX DQJLHOVNLP  MHVW GRVWĊSQ\ QD VWURQLH LQWHUQHWRZHM KWWSZZZFKLQDRUJFQ>GRVWĊS@

3HáQ\WHNVWXVWDZ\ ZMĊ]\NXFKLĔVNLP MHVWGRVWĊSQ\QDVWURQLHLQWHUQHWRZHMKWWSFKLQD ILQGODZFQLQIRK\VKRX\DQJIDVKDQ\DQJVPV\KWPO>GRVWĊS@

(10)

-2$11$$)(.±'2527$.583$±'$0,$1:$/&=$. 

MHGQR]QDF]Q\ 3RQDGWR ]DSLV ÄRGZLHG]DQLD OXE Z\V\áDQLD SR]GURZLHĔ´ ZĪDGHQ VSRVyE QLH IRUPXáXMH NRQLHF]QRĞFL DQL IRUP\ RSLHNL QDG RVREDPL VWDUV]\PL6SUDZDWDRGELáDVLĊJáRĞQ\PHFKHPZPHGLDFKFKLĔVNRLDQJOR MĊ]\F]Q\FK

 =DSLV\ WH ĞZLDGF]ą R GZyFK ZDĪQ\FK DVSHNWDFK NXOWXU\ SROLW\NL L HNR QRPLL&KLQSRSLHUZV]HĪHVWDUDNRQIXFMDĔVNDWUDG\FMDV]DQRZDQLDLWURV] F]HQLD VLĊ R VWDUV]\FK SU]H] G]LHFL SU]HWUZDáD Z SUDZLH QLH]PLHQLRQHM IRUPLH GR ;;, ZLHNX SR GUXJLH ĪH U]ąG FKLĔVNL Z SHZLHQ VSRVyE Z\NR U]\VWXMH WĊ WUDG\FMĊ ZH ZáDVQ\P LQWHUHVLH :HGáXJ GDQ\FK ]  U ]DSUH ]HQWRZDQ\FK Z WDEHOL  SUDZLH  FKLĔVNLFK HPHU\WyZ MHVW XWU]\P\ ZDQ\FK SU]H] URG]LQĊ Z GXĪ\FK PLDVWDFK  Z PDá\FK PLDVWDFK LQD ZVLDFKSRQDG-HG\QLH&KLĔF]\NyZSRELHUDHPHU\WXUĊ  7DEHOD*áyZQHĨUyGáDXWU]\PDQLDRVyEZ&KLQDFK ZSURFHQWDFK   3UDFDZáDVQD 5RG]LQD (PHU\WXUD 2SLHND VSRáHF]QD ,QQH &KLQ\      'XĪHPLDVWD      0DáHPLDVWD      :LHĞ      ħUyGáRRSUDFRZDQLHZáDVQHQDSRGVWDZLH-8',7+%$1,67(5'$9,'(%/220/$55<52 6(1%(5* Ä3RSXODWLRQ $JLQJ DQG (FRQRPLF *URZWK LQ &KLQD´ PGDA Working Paper 1R

 

 5]ąG &K5/ VWDUD VLĊ REMąü V\VWHPHP HPHU\WDOQ\P FDáH VSRáHF]HĔVWZR

REHFQLHG]LDáDMąF]WHU\SRGV\VWHP\HPHU\WDOQH3LHUZV]\]LFKWRÄ6\VWHP

(PHU\WDOQ\3U]HGVLĊELRUVWZ0LHMVNLFK´NWyU\REHMPXMHSUDFRZQLNyZPLHM VNLFK ]DWUXGQLRQ\FK Z SDĔVWZRZ\FK EąGĨ SU\ZDWQ\FK SU]HGVLĊELRUVWZDFK 'UXJLQLHGDZQRXWZRU]RQ\WRÄ(PHU\WXU\:LHMVNLH´±GREURZROQHRSRGDW NRZDQLH SUDFRZQLNyZ ] WHUHQyZ ZLHMVNLFK VXEV\GLRZDQH SU]H] ORNDOQ\ LFHQWUDOQ\U]ąG3RGREQ\GRQLHJRMHVWV\VWHPHPHU\WDOQ\REHMPXMąF\EH] URERWQ\FK ] PLDVW &]ZDUW\ V\VWHP REHMPXMH XU]ĊGQLNyZ L SUDFRZQLNyZ UyĪQRURGQ\FK DJHQG U]ąGRZ\FK 6\VWHP HPHU\WDOQ\ Z &KLQDFK PD ZLHOH



0(1*0(1*.$7,(+817The New Chinese Law: Visit your Parents&11-XO\ KWWSHGLWLRQFQQFRPZRUOGDVLDFKLQDHOGHUO\ODZ>GRVWĊS@

-8',7+%$1,67(5'$9,'(%/220/$55<526(1%(5*Ä3RSXODWLRQ$JLQJDQG(FR QRPLF*URZWKLQ&KLQD´PGDA Working Paper



(11)

23,(.$1$'262%$0,67$56=<0,:&+,1$&+  ZDGSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPQLHREHMPXMHZV]\VWNLFKVNáDGNLVąQLVNLHDSURFHV\ GHPRJUDILF]QHQLHNRU]\VWQH RSLVDQHZF]HĞQLHMSURFHV\VWDU]HQLDVLĊVSRáH F]HĔVWZDFKLĔVNLHJR    =(:1ĉ75=1(86à8*,23,(.8ē&=( '/$26Ï%67$56=<&+:&+,1$&+  0RĪQD]DXZDĪ\üĪH]MHGQHMVWURQ\SROLW\NDMHGQHJRG]LHFNDSU]\F]\QLáD VLĊWDNĪHGRZ]URVWXRV]F]ĊGQRĞFLURG]LFyZNWyU]\SyĨQLHMPRJąWHRV]F]ĊG QRĞFLSU]H]QDF]\üQDG]LHFLD]GUXJLHMVWURQ\SROLW\NDMHGQHJRG]LHFNDREDU F]\áDZZLĊNV]\PVWRSQLXG]LHFLRSLHNąQDGURG]LFDPL:F]HĞQLHMRSLHNDWD PRJáDE\üZVSyáG]LHORQD]URG]HĔVWZHPREHFQLHFLĊĪDUWHQVSDGDQDMHG\QH G]LHFNR 5RVQąF\ ZLHN &KLĔF]\NyZ Z SRáąF]HQLX ] SROLW\Ną SODQRZDQLD XURG]HĔ VWZRU]\á SUREOHP RNUHĞODQ\ MDNR IHQRPHQ  -HGQR G]LHFNR

PXVLE\üRGSRZLHG]LDOQH]DGZRMHURG]LFyZLF]ZRURG]LDGNyZ0yZLVLĊ WDNĪHRIHQRPHQLHF]\OLPDáĪHĔVWZR ZZLHNXODW PDSRGRSLHNą F]ZRURURG]LFyZ ZZLHNXODW RUD]RĞPLRURG]LDGNyZ ZZLHNX ODW :FDá\FK&KLQDFKRNRáRPOQOXG]LVWDUV]\FKZ\PDJDRSLHNL

)HQRPHQ  F]\  XND]XMH VNDOĊ ]DEXU]HQLD SURSRUFML PLĊG]\ SR V]F]HJyOQ\PLSRNROHQLDPL

:UD] ]H VWDU]HQLHP VLĊ VSRáHF]HĔVWZD FKLĔVNLHJR RUD] NRQVHNZHQFMDPL SROLW\NLMHGQHJRG]LHFNDNLHG\WRVDPV\QDOERFyUNDPXV]ąXWU]\PDüGZR MH QLHSUDFXMąF\FK L QLHSRELHUDMąF\FK ĪDGQ\FK ĞZLDGF]HĔ URG]LFyZ EĊG]LH URVáR ]DSRWU]HERZDQLH QD ]HZQĊWU]H XVáXJL RSLHNXĔF]H WM GRP\ VWDUFyZ GRP\ RSLHNL F]\ WHĪ SURIHVMRQDOQH XVáXJL RSLHNXĔF]H GOD RVyE VWDUV]\FK ZLFK GRPDFK W]Z ZLUWXDOQH GRP\ VWDUFyZ  =DNáDGDQLH UyZQLHĪ SU]H] LQZHVWRUyZSU\ZDWQ\FKL]DJUDQLF]Q\FK LIXQNFMRQRZDQLHWHJRW\SXLQVW\ WXFML ZVSLHUD U]ąG FKLĔVNL 3UHPLHU /L .HTLDQJ QD U]ąGRZ\P VSRWNDQLX

VLHUSQLDU]DSRZLHG]LDáVWZRU]HQLHGRUUyĪQRURGQHJRV\VWH PX RSLHNL QDG RVREDPL VWDUV]\PL JáyZQLH RSLHND GRPRZD X]XSHáQLRQD RGRP\ VWDUFyZ  'OD RVyE QLH]GROQ\FK GR SUDF\ L SR]EDZLRQ\FK ZVSDUFLD URG]LQ\ SDĔVWZRZD RSLHND PD E\ü EH]SáDWQD OXE EDUG]R WDQLD =H Z]JOĊGX



Ä&KLQD¶V$FKLOOHV+HHO´The Economist $SULO KWWSZZZHFRQRPLVWFRPQRGH >GRVWĊS@

<86+, %21, /,Ä7KH&KDOOHQJHVRI$JLQJWRZDUGV&KLQHVH6RFLHW\´

%,521*'21*6+,<,1*:8 Ä1XUVLQJ +RPHV LQ &KLQD 1RZ DQG WKH )XWXUH´ IAGG/ WHO/SFGG Workshop-XQHWK WK7RXORXVH)UDQFH

(12)

-2$11$$)(.±'2527$.583$±'$0,$1:$/&=$. 

MHGQDNQDVLOQąWUDG\FMĊNRQIXFMDĔVNąQDND]XMąFąWURV]F]HQLHVLĊRURG]LFyZ SU]H] G]LHFL GRP\ RSLHNL L GRP\ VWDUFyZ QLH FLHV]ą VLĊ ZLHONLP ]DLQ WHUHVRZDQLHP Z &KLQDFK :HGáXJ :X <XVKDR G\UHNWRUD &KLĔVNLHJR &HQ WUXP%DGDZF]HJRGV6WDU]HQLDFKLĔVNLFKVWDUXV]NyZPLHV]NDZVZR LFKGRPDFKJG]LHRSLHNXMąVLĊQLPLF]áRQNRZLHURG]LQ\LOXEZ\QDMĊFLRSLH NXQRZLHRVyEZSRGHV]á\PZLHNXNRU]\VWD]ORNDOQHMSRPRF\DUHV] WD F]\OLMHG\QLH SU]HE\ZDZGRPDFKVWDUFyZRSLHNL7HQVWRVXQHNGR GRPyZ RSLHNL MXĪ MHGQDN SRZROL XOHJD ]PLDQLH ]DUyZQR ZĞUyG RVyE VWDU V]\FK MDN LLFK G]LHFL 'RP\ VWDUFyZ ĞZLDGF]ą XVáXJL R FRUD] Z\ĪV]\P

VWDQGDUG]LH ]DSHZQLDMąF QLH W\ONR ]DNZDWHURZDQLH Z\Ī\ZLHQLH L RSLHNĊ PHG\F]Qą DOH UyZQLHĪ ZLHOH UR]U\ZHN QS OHNFMH NDOLJUDILL LPSUH]\ XUR G]LQRZH  : REOLF]X QLHXFKURQQ\FK ]PLDQ GHPRJUDILF]Q\FK OLF]ED WDNLFK LQVW\WXFMLEĊG]LHEDUG]RV]\ENRURVáD

:HGáXJ&KLĔVNLHJR8U]ĊGX6WDW\VW\F]QHJRZUZ&KLQDFKLVWQLDáR áąF]QLHSODFyZHNGODRVyEVWDUV]\FKQDWHUHQDFKPLHMVNLFKRUD] SODFyZHN QD WHUHQDFK ZLHMVNLFK D WH OLF]E\ URN SyĨQLHM Z\QRVLá\ RGSR ZLHGQLR  L  7DN ZLHF QD REV]DUDFK PLHMVNLFK ]DQRWRZDQR 

SURFHQWRZ\ Z]URVW OLF]E\ GRPyZ RSLHNL GOD RVyE VWDUV]\FK QD WHUHQDFK ZLHMVNLFKZ]URVWZ\QRVLáRN/LF]EDáyĪHNGODRVyEVWDUV]\FKLQLHSHáQR VSUDZQ\FKZUZ\QRVLáDPOQZU±POQFRGDMHZ]URVW

RàąF]QLHGDMHWRRNRáRSODFyZHNFRVWDQRZLQLHZLHONąOLF]EĊ

ZSRUyZQDQLXGRSRWU]HE ZVSRPQLDQHPOQRVyEVWDUV]\FK 

-XĪZODWDFKG]LHZLĊüG]LHVLąW\FKZ3HNLQLHSRZVWDáRZLHOHLQVW\WXFMLRIH UXMąF\FK RSLHNĊ QDG OXGĨPL VWDUV]\PL = XZDJL MHGQDN QD WR ĪH Z  U

E\á\ W\ONR GZD SDĔVWZRZH GRP\ RSLHNL WR QDWXUDOQLH SRZVWDáR ZLHOH SU\ ZDWQ\FK OXE JPLQQ\FK RĞURGNyZ GOD OXG]L VWDUV]\FK ']LHOą VLĊ RQH QD ]D SHZQLDMąFH RSLHNĊ OXG]LRP VDPRG]LHOQ\P ZSyáVDPRG]LHOQ\P RUD] FDáNR ZLFLH]DOHĪQ\PRGLQQ\FK Z\PDJDMąF\FKVWDáHMSURIHVMRQDOQHMRSLHNL 3U\ ZDWQH GRP\ RSLHNL F]ĊVWR ]PDJDMą VLĊ ] SUREOHPHP VáDER Z\NV]WDáFRQHJR SHUVRQHOX NWyU\ QLH UDG]L VRELH QS ] SHQVMRQDULXV]DPL FKRU\PL QD $O]KHL PHUDLGODWHJRQLHVąRQLSU]\MPRZDQLGRZLHOXSODFyZHN =GUXJLHMVWURQ\ GODZLHOXHPHU\WyZNRV]WSRE\WXZSU\ZDWQ\PGRPXRSLHNLMHVW]E\WZ\VRNL



=+$1*<8( Ä&KLQHVH &KDQJH 3HUFHSWLRQV RI 1XUVLQJ +RPHV´ China Daily  0DUFK KWWSZZZFKLQDGDLO\FRPFQFKLQDFRQWHQWBKWP>GRVWĊS@

6WURQD LQWHUQHWRZD &KLĔVNLHJR 8U]ĊGX 6WDW\VW\F]QHJR KWWSZZZVWDWVJRYFQWMVMQGVM LQGH[HKKWP>GRVWĊS@

6WURQD LQWHUQHWRZD &KLĔVNLHJR 8U]ĊGX 6WDW\VW\F]QHJR KWWSZZZVWDWVJRYFQWMVMQGVM LQGH[HKKWP>GRVWĊS@

(13)

23,(.$1$'262%$0,67$56=<0,:&+,1$&+  SU]HZ\ĪV]DLFKSRERU\GODWHJRPXV]ąE\üZVSLHUDQLILQDQVRZRSU]H]URG]L QĊJáyZQLHG]LHFL3UREOHPHPMHVWUyZQLHĪEUDNVHQVRZQHJRV\VWHPXHPHU\ WDOQHJRMDNRĞüGRPyZRSLHNLLSR]LRPSU]\JRWRZDQLDSHUVRQHOX

:&KHQJGXVWROLF\SURZLQFML6LFKXDQZSU]HEDGDQ\FK ]H GR PDFK RSLHNL OLF]ED áyĪHN ZDKDáD VLĊ RG  GR   SHQVMRQDULXV]\ PLDáR SRQDG  ODW D REáRĪHQLH Z SODFyZNDFK SDĔVWZRZ\FK L JPLQQ\FK

Z\QRVLáR  QDWRPLDVW Z SODFyZNDFK SU\ZDWQ\FK RG  GR  1LVNLZVNDĨQLNREáRĪHQLDZSU\ZDWQ\FKGRPDFKRSLHNLZ\QLND]QDGPLHU Q\FK OXNVXVyZ L Z\QLNDMąF\FK ] WHJR Z\VRNLFK RSáDW 0LHVLĊF]Q\ NRV]W XWU]\PDQLD Z SU]HEDGDQ\FK GRPDFK RSLHNL Z\QRVLá RG  50%   GR 50%  :UDPDFKW\FKRSáDW]DSHZQLDVLĊPLHV]NDQLHRSLHNĊ VSU]ąWDQLH SRNRL SUDQLH Z\Ī\ZLHQLH L SRGVWDZRZą RSLHNĊ PHG\F]Qą 'R JáyZQ\FKDNW\ZQRĞFLSHQVMRQDULXV]\QDOHĪ\RJOąGDQLHWHOHZL]MLJUDZPD G]LRQJDLFKLĔVNLHV]DFK\DĪGRPyZQLHSURZDG]LĪDGQHMUHKDELOLWDFML GODVZRLFKSHQVMRQDULXV]\ =HZ]JOĊGXQDPDáąOLF]EĊSODFyZHNRSLHNXĔF]\FKDWDNĪH]HZ]JOĊGyZ NXOWXURZ\FK QLHFKĊü GR RGGDZDQLD URG]LFyZ GR GRPyZ VWDUFyZ RUD] QLH FKĊüVWDUXV]NyZGRRSXV]F]DQLDVZRLFKGRPyZ SRSXODUQHMHVWĞZLDGF]HQLH XVáXJ RSLHNXĔF]\FK GOD RVyE VWDUV]\FK Z LFK GRPDFK :\VSHFMDOL]RZDQ\ SHUVRQHO ]DSHZQLD SRWU]HEXMąF\P Z\Ī\ZLHQLH VSU]ąWDQLH RUD] SRPRF PH G\F]Qą 7DNLH XVáXJL QD]\ZDQH Vą ÄZLUWXDOQ\PL GRPDPL VWDUFyZ´ ڑ 䟛ᤏ 

࿟Ӆ 



: PLHĞFLH /DQ]KRX Z  U ] XVáXJ :LUWXDOQHJR 'RPX 6WDUFyZ

']LHOQLF\&KHQJJXDQNRU]\VWDáRSRQDGRVyE RG]DáRĪHQLDSODFyZNL Z  U  = WHJR W\SX XVáXJ Vą ]DGRZRORQH SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP RVRE\

VWDUV]H NWyUH QLH PXV]ą RSXV]F]Dü GRPyZ L PDMą ]DSHZQLRQą RSLHNĊ ÄQD WHOHIRQ´ D WDNĪH LFK G]LHFL NWyUH QLH PXV]D PDUWZLü VLĊ R URG]LFyZ DQL RGGDZDü LFK GR GRPyZ RSLHNL 3RZVWDZDQLH L UR]ZyM WHJR W\SX LQVW\WXFML SRZLQQR E\ü ZVSLHUDQH ]DUyZQR SU]H] U]ąG FHQWUDOQ\ MDN L ORNDOQ\ 3R GREQLHMDNLQQHIRUP\RSLHNLQDGOXGĨPLVWDUV]\PLWDNLHMDNG]LHQQHGRP\ RSLHNL ]DNáDG\ UHKDELOLWDF\MQH LQIROLQLH RUD] SRPRF QD WHOHIRQ 5]ąG SR ZLQLHQ UyZQLHĪ ZVSLHUDü NV]WDáFHQLH SHUVRQHOX ]DMPXMąFHJR VLĊ RVREDPL VWDUV]\PL±REHFQLHMHVWW\ONRWDNLFKRVyEDSRWU]HEDPOQ





%,521*'21*6+,<,1*:8Ä1XUVLQJ+RPHVLQ&KLQD´ 7DPĪH

Ä,QKRPH 1XUVLQJ *DLQV 3RSXODULW\ LQ $JLQJ &KLQD´ China Daily  $SULO  KWWSZZZFKLQDGDLO\FRPFQPJDQVXFRQWHQWBKWP>GRVWĊS@

(14)

-2$11$$)(.±'2527$.583$±'$0,$1:$/&=$. 

=$.2ē&=(1,( 

&HOHPQLQLHMV]HJRDUW\NXáXE\áRZVND]DQLHSUREOHPXRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL ]D RSLHNĊ QDG RVREDPL VWDUV]\PL Z &KLQDFK Z NRQWHNĞFLH NXOWXURZ\FK SU]HMDZyZ VROLGDUQRĞFL PLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZHM %UDN Z\VWDUF]DMąFR VNXWHF] Q\FKUR]ZLą]DĔGRW\F]ąF\FKNRQVHNZHQFMLURVQąFHMSRSXODFMLRVyEVWDUV]\FK Z&KLQDFKZLąĪHVLĊ]NRQLHF]QRĞFLąZVSLHUDQLDVROLGDUQRĞFLPLĊG]\SRNROH QLRZHM 6ROLGDUQRĞü PLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZD ZLGRF]QD MHVW WX V]F]HJyOQLH MDNR VSDGHN SR NRQIXFMDQL]PLH NWyU\ GHILQLRZDá Ī\FLH SROLW\F]QH L VSRáHF]QH &KLQ SU]H] RVWDWQLH GZD W\VLąFOHFLD 0RĪQD ]DXZDĪ\ü ĪH ]QDF]HQLH SRNR OHQLD Z Z\GDQLX VROLGDUQRĞFL PLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZHM Z &KLQDFK PD Z\PLDU JáyZQLHDQWURSRORJLF]Q\ZNWyU\PWRSRGVWDZąMHVWURG]LQDMDNRJUXSDRVyE SRVLDGDMąF\FK WHJR VDPHJR SU]RGND 3RGREQLH SRGVWDZą PRUDOQRĞFL NRQ IXFMDĔVNLHM E\áD URG]LQD 6WDUD NRQIXFMDĔVND WUDG\FMD V]DQRZDQLD L WURV] F]HQLDVLĊRVWUDV]Q\FKSU]H]G]LHFLSU]HWUZDáDZSUDZLHQLH]PLHQLRQHMIRU PLH GR ;;, ZLHNX L ZLGRF]QD MHVW V]F]HJyOQLH Z SLHOĊJQRZDQLX FQRW\ QDERĪQRĞFL V\QRZVNLHM :SUDZG]LH U]ąG FKLĔVNL SUyEXMH ZVSLHUDü VROLGDU QRĞüPLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZąRGQRV]ąFVLĊGRMHMVSRáHF]QHJR]QDF]HQLDQSSR SU]H]ZVSRPLQDQąQRZHOL]DFMHDNWyZSUDZQ\FKZLGRF]QHMHGQDN]GDMHVLĊ E\ü Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQLH WUDG\FML GOD FHOyZ SDĔVWZD SRSU]H] ]U]XFHQLH RGSR ZLHG]LDOQRĞFL]DRSLHNĊQDGRVREDPLVWDUV]\PLQDURG]LQĊ5H]XOWDWSROLW\NL MHGQHJR G]LHFND ]DEXU]\á SURSRUFMH PLĊG]\ SRNROHQLDPL FR MHVW ZLGRF]QH ZV]F]HJyOQRĞFL Z IHQRPHQLH  6NXWNLHP WHM SROLW\NL MHVW EUDN PRĪOL ZRĞFL SRG]LHOHQLD VLĊ RSLHNą QDG VWDUV]\PL URG]LFDPL ] URG]HĔVWZHP FR SU]\F]\QLD VLĊ GR ]ZLĊNV]HQLD ]DSRWU]HERZDQLD QD ]HZQĊWU]QH XVáXJL RSLH NXĔF]H=ZLĊNV]HQLHNRU]\VWDQLD]XVáXJ]HZQĊWU]Q\FKEĊG]LHLVWRWQą]PLD Qą NXOWXURZą ZVSyáF]HVQ\FK &KLQ ]H Z]JOĊGX QD RGHMĞFLH EąGĨ ]PLDQĊ LQ WHUSUHWDFMLWUDG\FMLNRQIXFMDĔVNLHM7\PVDP\P]QDF]HQLHSRNROHQLDZVROL GDUQRĞFL PLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZHM EĊG]LH ZLGRF]QH QLH W\ONR Z XMĊFLX DQWURSR ORJLF]Q\PDOHUyZQLHĪZZ\PLDU]HSROLW\NLVSRáHF]QHM    %,%/,2*5$),$  $'$0,$.67$1,6à$:'$0,$1:$/&=$.Ä&DWKROLF6RFLDO7HDFKLQJ6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW DQG6RFLDO6ROLGDULVPLQWKH&RQWH[WRI6RFLDO6HFXULW\´Copernican Journal of Finance &

Accounting  

$77$1e,6$%(//(Tam gdzie dzieci s luksusemChiny wobec katastrofy demograficznejWáXP $QGU]HM%LOLN:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR6WXGLR(0.$

(15)

23,(.$1$'262%$0,67$56=<0,:&+,1$&+ 

%$1,67(5-8',7+'$9,'(%/220/$55<526(1%(5*Ä3RSXODWLRQ $JLQJ DQG (FRQRPLF *URZWKLQ&KLQD´PGDA Working Paper1R

%(1*76219(51/-RVHSK$.8<3(56Ä*HQHUDWLRQDO'LIIHUHQFHDQGWKH'HYHORSPHQWDO6WDNH´

Aging and Human Development  

&523$1=$12586(/0$5,(6 0,7&+(//Ä6RFLDO ([FKDQJH 7KHRU\ $Q ,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ 5H YLHZ´ Journal of Management  

'21*%,521*:86+,<,1* Ä1XUVLQJ +RPHV LQ &KLQD 1RZ DQG WKH )XWXUH´ IAGG/WHO/

SFGG Workshop-XQHWK WK7RXORXVH)UDQFH

'2:'-$0(6-Ä$JLQJDV([FKDQJH$3UHIDFHWR7KHRU\´Journal of Gerontology   

Encyklopedia mdroci Wschodu. Buddyzm. Hinduizm. Taoizm. Zen UHG6WHSKDQ6FKXKPDFKHU*HUW

:RHUQHUWáXP0LHF]\VáDZ-HU]\.QVWOHU:DUV]DZD:DUV]DZVNL'RP:\GDZQLF]\ *2/'0$1&Ä9LHWQDPHVH&XOWXUDO3URILOH´Diversicare. West End

Ä,QKRPH1XUVLQJ*DLQV3RSXODULW\LQ$JLQJ&KLQD´China Daily$SULOKWWSZZZ FKLQDGDLO\FRPFQPJDQVXFRQWHQWBKWP>GRVWĊS@ .$7= 587+ $5,(/$ /2:(167(,1 Ä7KHRUHWLFDO 3HUVSHFWLYHV RQ ,QWHUJHQHUDWLRQDO 6ROLGDULW\

&RQIOLFWDQG$PELYDOHQFH´:Ageing and Intergenerational Relations. Family Reciprocity

from a Global PerspectiveUHG0LVD,]XVKDUD%ULVWRO3ROLF\3UHVV

/,-,1*Ä&KLQD¶V%LGWR3URYLGH&DUH6\VWHPIRU(OGHUO\)DFHV+XUGOHV:DUQ([SHUWV´South

China Morning Post  6HSWHPEHU  KWWSZZZVFPSFRPQHZVFKLQDDUWLFOH

FKLQDVELGSURYLGHFDUHV\VWHPHOGHUO\IDFHVKXUGOHVZDUQH[SHUWV>GRVWĊS@ <86+, %21, /,Ä7KH&KDOOHQJHVRI$JLQJWRZDUGV&KLQHVH6RFLHW\´Public Administration and

Management: An Interactive Journal  

0$6(/(9$.623+,(6&+85+(5%(57+:$7=.(Ä/LIHLV8QFHUWDLQ'HDWKLV&HUWDLQ%XG GKLVPDQG3DOOLDWLYH&DUH´ Journal of Pain and Symptom Management   0(1*0(1* .$7,( +817 The New Chinese Law: Visit your Parents &11  -XO\ 

KWWSHGLWLRQFQQFRPZRUOGDVLDFKLQDHOGHUO\ODZ>GRVWĊS@ 1$.$085$+$-,0(Systemy mylenia ludów Wschodu. Indie. Chiny. Tybet. JaponiaWáXP0$&,(-

.$1(57:,6à$:$6=.8'/$5&=<.%5.,û :DUV]DZD :\GDZQLFWZR 8QLZHUV\WHWX -DJLHOORĔ VNLHJR

3,(/,ē6.,%$5726=Ä3ROLW\NDVSRáHF]QDZREHFVWDU]HMąFHJRVLĊVSRáHF]HĔVWZD±UR]ZyMV\VWHPX HPHU\WDOQHJRLV\VWHPX8EH]SLHF]HQLD2SLHNL'áXJRWHUPLQRZHMZ-DSRQLL´Problemy

Poli-tyki Spoecznej±

32=(1&5Ä7DFNOLQJWKH&KLQHVH3HQVLRQ6\VWHP´Paulson Policy MemorandumV 3586=<ē6.,-$&(.Ä3RWU]HE\LRF]HNLZDQLDEXGG\VWyZZF]DVLHFKRURE\LVFK\áNRZHJRRNUHVX

Ī\FLD´Gerontologia Polska  

5,&+$5'6 /(6/,( 1 9(51 / %(1*7621 5,&+$5' % 0,//(5 Ä7KH µ*HQHUDWLRQ LQ WKH 0LGGOH¶/RQJLWXGLQDO7UHQGVLQWKH3HUFHSWLRQRI$GXOWV¶,QWHUJHQHUDWLRQDO5HODWLRQVKLSV´ :Family Systems and Life-span Development UHG.857.5(331(55,&+$5'0/(51(5 ±+LOOVGDOH1-(UOEDXP

6=7203.$3,275Socjologia. Analiza spoeczestwa.UDNyZ=QDN

6=8.$/6., 3,275 Ä&]\P MHVW VROLGDUQRĞü PLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZD"´ : Jako ycia seniorów

w XXI wieku z perspektywy polityki spoecznej UHG'2527$.$à8ĩ$3,2756=8.$/6., àyGĨ8QLZHUV\WHWàyG]NL

Traktat z Lizbony zmieniajcy Traktat o Unii Europejskiej i Traktat ustanawiajcy Wspólnot Europejsk, sporzdzony w Lizbonie dnia 13 grudnia 2007 r. ']8QUSR]

752006'25))*,6(/$%($7(6&+:$5=Ä7KH,QWHUJHQHUDWLRQDO6WDNH+\SRWKHVLV¶LQ,QGRQHVLD

(16)

-2$11$$)(.±'2527$.583$±'$0,$1:$/&=$. 

:$1*)(1*<21*&$,%$2&+$1**8 Ä3RSXODWLRQ 3ROLF\ DQG 3ROLWLFV +RZ :LOO +LVWRU\ -XGJH &KLQD¶V 2QH&KLOG 3ROLF\"´ Population and Development Review 6XSSOHPHQW    ±

:$1*4,Intergenerational Solidarity and Its Effects on Life Satisfaction among Chinese Elders 7KHVLV *HRUJLD *HRUJLD 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\  KWWSVFKRODUZRUNVJVXHGXJHURQWRORJ\B WKHVHV>GRVWĊS@

World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision3RSXODWLRQ'LYLVLRQRIWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI(FR

QRPLF DQG 6RFLDO $IIDLUV RI WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 6HFUHWDULDW KWWSHVDXQRUJXQSS >GRVWĊS @

=+$1*<8( Ä&KLQHVH &KDQJH 3HUFHSWLRQV RI 1XUVLQJ +RPHV´ China Daily  0DUFK  KWWSZZZFKLQDGDLO\FRPFQFKLQDFRQWHQWBKWP>GRVWĊS@   23,(.$1$'262%$0,67$56=<0,:&+,1$&+ :.217(.ĝ&,(62/,'$512ĝ&,0,ĉ'=<32.2/(1,2:(- 6 W U H V ] F ] H Q L H  &HOHPDUW\NXáXMHVWZVND]DQLHSUREOHPXRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL]DRSLHNĊQDGRVREDPLVWDUV]\PL Z&KLQDFKZNRQWHNĞFLHNXOWXURZ\FKDVSHNWyZVROLGDUQRĞFLPLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZHM:]URVWXG]LD áXRVyEZZLHNXODWLSRZ\ĪHMZSRSXODFML&KLQVSUDZLáĪHSU]HGU]ąGHPLVSRáHF]HĔVWZHP FKLĔVNLP VWRL Z\]ZDQLH VSURVWDQLD SUREOHPRP VWDU]HMąFHJR VLĊ VSRáHF]HĔVWZD 3UREOHP\ WH Vą ]ZLą]DQHUyZQLHĪ]V]HURNRUR]XPLDQąRSLHNąQDGRVREDPLVWDUV]\PLNWyUDZ&KLQDFKPDVLOQH SRGáRĪH NXOWXURZH Z\UDĪDMąFH VLĊ FKRFLDĪE\ Z ÄFQRFLH V\QRZVNLHM QDERĪQRĞFL´ 6SURVWDQLH ZVSRPQLDQ\PSUREOHPRPEąGĨ]áDJRG]HQLHVNXWNyZEUDNXZ\VWDUF]DMąFRVNXWHF]Q\FKUR]ZLą ]DĔZLąĪHVLĊ]HZVSLHUDQLHPVROLGDUQRĞFLPLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZHM

 

6áRZD NOXF]RZH RVRE\ VWDUV]H &KLQ\ VROLGDUQRĞü PLĊG]\SRNROHQLRZD FQRWD V\QRZVNLHM QD

ERĪQRĞFL

.H\ZRUGVROGHUSHRSOH&KLQDLQWHUJHQHUDWLRQDOVROLGDULW\YLUWXHRIILOLDOSLHW\

Cytaty

Powiązane dokumenty

In addition, the concept of solidarity is mentioned in the provisions relating to the energy policy. According to the TITLE XXI of the TFEU: ENERGY: In the context of the

Powiat Płocki Dobrze Ułożony: magazyn informacyjny po- wiatu płockiego: Bielsk, Bodzanów, Brudzeń Duży […]... Razem: magazyn wewnętrzny

Filozofię Platona da się też odczytać jako ezoteryczną. Dialektycz- ny proces rozpatrywania problemów wiedzie ostatecznie do pełni prawdy, którą można całkowicie odsłonić tylko

rozumienia między skłóconymi sąsiadami (krzywdy tylko ze strony węgierskiej to: dekrety Beneša, resłowakizacja po zakończeniu drugiej wojny światowej; rzeź par- tyzantów

Wśród młodych robotników nawiedzających kościół Matki Bożej Nieustającej Pomocy był pracujący w pobliżu Karol Wojtyła, który już jako arcybiskup krakowski tak w

Pod względem rzeźby, południowa cześć regionu ukształtowana jest jako zdenudowana wysoczyzna mo-.. renowa z okresu zlodowacenia środkowopolskigo, wzno- sząca się na około 100

The analysis of the relationship between the study variables (agreement with the sender, evaluation of a sender’s credibility, evaluation of sender’s competences) revealed that

Trzeci model dotyczy mentoringu grupowego (Finnish model of Peer- Group Mentoring), opartego na teorii uczenia się i rozwoju zawodowego wypracowanego w ramach