„Ⱥ ȼɕ ȼ ɄɈɇȿɐ ɋȼȿɌȺ ȼȿɊɂɌȿ?”
ȺɉɈɄȺɅɂɉɋɂɋ ȼ ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɈɃ ɊɍɋɋɄɈɃ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȿ: ɉɊɈɊɈɑȿɋɌȼȺ ɂɇȾȿɃɐȿȼ ɆȺɃə
ȼ ɊɈɆȺɇȿ ȾɆɂɌɊɂə ȽɅɍɏɈȼɋɄɈȽɈ ɋɍɆȿɊɄɂ1
“DO YOU BELIEVE IN THE END OF THE WORLD?” THE APOCALYPSE IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN LITERATURE:
THE MAYA INDIAN PROPHECY IN DMITRY GLUKHOVSKY’S NOVEL SUMERKI (TWILIGHT)
ɂɊȿɇȿɍɒ ɒȺɊɕɑ
ABSTRACT. Dmitry Glukhovsky’s Sumerki (Twilight, 2007) is the story of a young Muscovite who takes up the task of decoding the prophecies of the Maya Indians and connects them with the catastrophes that plague today’s world: earthquakes in Iran, hurricanes in the USA, tsunamis in Indonesia, and drought and conflagrations in Russia. The newspaper headlines and TV news announcements look like Maya Indian prophecies. While translating the old diary of a Spanish conquistador, he becomes involved in a maelstrom of incredible events which will help him interpret the predictions and look into the future, even at the cost of his own life. Can the world be saved? This is the question that Glukhovsky already asked his readers in his previous, dark and apocalyptic science fiction novel Metro 2033 (2005)about a bleak and not-too-distant future. His novel Sumerki is more than a novel – it is rather a metaphor and a manifesto.
Ireneusz Szarycz, Department of Germanic and Slavic Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 – ɋanada. Ⱦɨɪɨɝɚ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɞɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɜɶɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶ, ɢ ɨɞɧɚɠɞɵ ɨɧɨ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɸ ɩɪɨɩɚɫɬɢ. (Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ, Ɇɟɬɪɨ 2033) Ɍɟɦɚ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɟ. ɇɟɞɚɜɧɨ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɣ ȼɚɪɥɚɦɨɜ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɥ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɛ-ɳɭɸ ɬɟɦɭ – ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. Ɋɟɱɶ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɲɥɚ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɦ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɢ ɪɭɛɟɠɚ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɣ ɢ ɬɵɫɹ-ɱɟɥɟɬɢɣ, ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɬɚɤɥɢɡɦɚɦɢ. ɉɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ – ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɬɢ-________________ 1Ⱦ. Ƚ ɥ ɭ ɯ ɨ ɜ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, ɋɭɦɟɪɤɢ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2007.
ɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ, ɫɨɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɟɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɨɡɦɟɡɞɢɟɦ ɢ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɟ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ – ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɬɶɦɵ, ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɵ. Ɍɚɤ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɋɭɦɟɪɟɤ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ. Ⱥɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɤɨɧɟɰ, ɚ ɩɨɪɨɝ, ɞɜɟɪɶ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɢ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɣ ɦɢɪ, ɝɞɟ ɧɟɬ ɩɭɬɢ, ɧɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɨɣ ɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɹ. Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɢɞɟɸ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩ-ɫɢɫɚ ɩɨ-ɫɜɨɟɦɭ, ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɵ, ɢ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɢɫɚɜɲɢɯ ɧɚ ɷɬɭ ɬɟɦɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɥɢ-ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 80–90-ɯ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɚɮɨɫɨɦ ɭɬɪɚɬ. Ʌɢɥɢ-ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɠɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɟɣ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɳɟɬ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ. ȼɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɢ ɱɚɳɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɟɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɫɹɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɟɪɨɹɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɚ ɡɚ-ɜɟɪɲɢɥɚɫɶ, ɭɫɬɭɩɢɜ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɣ, ɬɹɝɨɬɟɸɳɟɣ ɤ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɪɦɵ, – ɢ ɦɨ-ɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɢ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ. ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɪɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɱɟ, ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹ-ɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ. Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ, ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɹɜɥɹ-ɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ – ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦ, ɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɢ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ ɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɩɵɬɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɚɫ-ɤɪɵɬɶ ɬɚɣɧɭ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɧɭɫɤɪɢɩɬɚ. Ⱥɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫ ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɝɨɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɨ-ɬɢɜ, ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɏɏ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɏɏI ɜɟɤɨɜ ɟɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɤ Ȼɨɠɶɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɟɛɟɡɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɡɚɭɪɹɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɱɚɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɹɧɢɹɦ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɣ: ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɬɨ-ɦɭ ɛɥɢɡɢɬɫɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɋɬɪɚɲɧɨɝɨ ɋɭɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɧɭɥɨɫɶ ɨɬ ɢɞɟɚɥɨɜ, ɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɢ ɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɚ: ɞɥɹ ɤɨɝɨ-ɬɨ ɫɩɚɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɝɨ-ɬɨ ɭɞɪɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɜɨ-ɨɛɳɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɂ ɞɟɥɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɨɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɋɟɪɟɛɪɹɧɨɦ ɜɟɤɟ Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɣ ɩɨ-ɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɛ Ⱥɧɬɢɯɪɢɫɬɟ (1900) ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɚ ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜɚ ɢ Ⱥɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɟ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɜɪɟ-ɦɟɧɢ (1917–1918) ȼɚɫɢɥɢɹ Ɋɨɡɚɧɨɜɚ. Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɂ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ Ʉɚɪɚɦɚɡɨɜɵ (1880) Ɏɟ-ɞɨɪɚ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɢ ɉɢɪɚɦɢɞɚ (1994) Ʌɟɨɧɢɞɚ Ʌɟɨɧɨɜɚ. ȿɫɬɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ-ɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɘɪɢɣ Ʌɨɬɦɚɧ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɷɬɨ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɟɪɧɚɪ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ. Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɥɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚ-ɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɯ. ɍ Ⱥɥɟɤ-ɫɚɧɞɪɚ ɋɨɥɠɟɧɢɰɵɧɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɯɨɬɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɣ ɬɚ ɠɟ – ɨɧ ɬɨɠɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ. Ɇɨɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ-ɥɟɧɚ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɟɦ, ɢɫɤɨɧɧɵɦ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɟɦ.
Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɪɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɞ ɦɢɪɨɦ, ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɹ ɢ ɷɬɨ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟ-ɪɟɠɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɱɚɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɫɬɪɨ, ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨ-ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɱɟɦ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɞɟɢ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɢ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɨɟ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɜ-ɫɤɨɟ „ɇɟ ɦɨɝɭ ɦɨɥɱɚɬɶ…”, ɢ ɩɚɮɨɫ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɠɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ Ɉɥɟɝɚ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ, ɜɵɩɭɫɬɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɤɢ Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɟ (2003), ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɚɪɥɚɦɨɜɚ. ɂɞɟɹ ɫɥɭ-ɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɟɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ. Ʉɧɢɝɢ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɹ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ (1979–) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ, ɬɨɱ-ɧɟɟ, ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɵ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ɋɭɦɟɪɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ, ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɜɨɞɢɬ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ ɢɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ. Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɫ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɭɱɟ-ɧɢɟɦ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɨɣ ɝɨɞɚ ɭɱɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɂɡɪɚɢɥɟ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɜ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɜɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ. Ȼɵɥ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɜ ɂɡɪɚɢɥɟ ɢ Ⱥɛɯɚ-ɡɢɢ. ɂɡ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɥɟɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɠɢɥ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟ-ɠɨɦ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɪɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ „Russia Today” ɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɧɚ ɩɹɬɢ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ. ɑɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɧɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɬɚɤɢɦɢ, ɤɚɤ Ʌɟɬɢ (1998), ɋɥɭɱɚɣ ɜ ɡɨɨɩɚɪɤɟ (1998), ȼɨɫɟɦɶ ɦɢɧɭɬ (1998), ɇɨɱɶ (1998), Ʉɨ-ɝɞɚ ɬɵ ɨɞɢɧ... (1998), ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɚɤɢ (1998), ɇɨɱɶ (1999), Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ (1999) ɢ Infinita Tristessa (2005). ɉɨɫɥɟ Ɇɟɬɪɨ 2033 (2005) – ɚɧɬɢ-ɭɬɨɩɢɢ ɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ – ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ Ʉɨɧɟɰ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ (2006) ɢ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɋɭɦɟɪɤɢ (2007). ȼɵɲɥɚ ɭɠɟ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ Ɇɟɬɪɨ 2034 (2009). ɇɨ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɤɪɭɝɚɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ-ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ Ɇɟɬɪɨ 2033 ɢ ɪɨɦɚ-ɧɚ-ɦɢɫɬɟɪɢɢ ɋɭɦɟɪɤɢ. ɇɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɠɚɧɪɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ, ɢ ɜɟɪɢɬ ɥɢ ɨɧ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɫɜɟɬɚ, ɚɜɬɨɪ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥ: ə ɛɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɥ ɋɭɦɟɪɤɢ ɚɧɬɢɭɬɨɩɢɟɣ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɚɧɪɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ – ɪɨɦɚɧ-ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ, ɪɨɦɚɧ ɫ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɦ ɞɧɨɦ. ɂ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɧɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɸɬ ɚɧɬɢ-ɭɬɨɩɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɠɚɧɪ. Ɇɟɧɹ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɡɚɜɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ – ɢ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢ. ɑɬɨ ɠɟ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ, ɹ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ, ɪɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɜɟɪɸ2 . ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɤɧɢɝ ɱɢɬɚ-ɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɫɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɥ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɚɯ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ. ɇɚ ________________ 2 Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɛ ɢɧɞɟɣɰɚɯ ɦɚɣɹ ɢ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɟ, “Time Out”, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 8–22 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2008, ʋ 3 (137), http://www.spb.timeout.ru/journal/feature/2091/ (07.12.2011).
ɜɨɩɪɨɫ – „Ɇɨɬɢɜ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɤɧɢɝɚɯ – ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ «ɧɟɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ» ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ?” – ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɥɨ-ɠɢɥ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ: Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɬ, ɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɷɫɯɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɦɟɧɹ ɡɚɱɚɪɨɜɵ-ɜɚɟɬ – ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɦɢɪ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ, ɢ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɞɜɟɪɢɢ. Ɉɩɹɬɶ-ɬɚɤɢ – ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ ɢ ɤɪɚɯɨɦ ɦɢɪɚ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɡɚɞɟɜɚɟɬ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɦɟɧɹ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɦɭ, ɤɬɨ ɨɛ-ɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɤɨɟɝɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɱɚɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵ ɬɜɨɪɱɟ-ɫɤɢ, ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ Ⱥɪɬɭɪɚ Ʉɥɚɪɤɚ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɹɫɚɸɳɢɦ Ʉɨɧɰɨɦ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ [...]. ɇɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧ ɫɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɜɟɬɚ. ȿɫɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜɢɬɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭ ɧɚɫ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɟ3 . ɉɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɸ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɟɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɹɧɟɬ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ „ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ”, ɚ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɠɚɧɪɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɫɤɚɠɟɦ, ɋɬɢɜɟɧ Ʉɢɧɝ: [Ʉɢɧɝɚ] ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɦ ɭɠɚɫɨɜ, ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɭɥɶɝɚɪɧɨ. Ɉɧ – ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɭ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɭɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɭ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɛɨɹ-ɳɢɯɫɹ. ɂ Ʉɢɧɝ ɡɧɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɭɝɚɬɶ. ɂ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɟɝɨ ɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨ, ɢ ɛɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɲɶ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɨɧ ɦɚɫɬɟɪ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ, ɩɭɝɚɬɶ ɭɦɟɟɬ. ɂ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢ ɜ Ɇɟɬɪɨ, ɢ ɜ ɋɭɦɟɪɤɚɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɬɪɢɥɥɟɪɚ, ɯɨɪɪɨɪɚ, ɦɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ. Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ ɞɟɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨ-ɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ Ʉɢɧɝɚ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɟɡɞɭɦɧɵɟ: ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɨɧ ɢɡɥɢɲɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɟɧ, ɚɦɟɪɢ-ɤɚɧɢɫɬ, ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɠɢɜɵɟ, ɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɠɟɥɚɸ4. Ɉɛ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɢɫɚɥɨɫɶ ɢ ɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ, ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɤɢ5 – ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɠɚɧɪɚ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɢɫɯɨɞ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɨɛɟɬɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ, ɜ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɢ. ɉɨ-ɩɭɥɹɪɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɜɵ, ɢɡɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɟɪɨɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ, ɛɨɪɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɨ ɡɥɨɦ. Ɏɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɋɭɦɟɪɟɤ – ɜɨɡ-ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɬɚɬɶ Übermensch, ɢ ɞɚɠɟ Ȼɨɝɨɦ (Ȼɨɝɨɦ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ɹɜɥɹ-ɟɬɫɹ ɘɪɢɣ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɢɱ Ʉɧɨɪɨɡɨɜ, alter ego ɘɪɢɹ ȼɚɥɟɧɬɢɧɨɜɢɱɚ Ʉɧɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ)6 , ɢ ɩɨɦɟɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɫ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɫ ɦɢɪɨɦ, ɢ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɥɨ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ, ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ, ɢ ɫɩɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɢ ɜɟɫɶ ɦɢɪ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟ-ɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫɛɥɢɠɚɟɬ ɪɨɦɚɧ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɫ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɪɨɦɚɧɨɦ-________________ 3 „ȼɪɟɦɹ ɢ Ⱦɟɧɶɝɢ. Ƚɚɡɟɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɞɟɥɚ”. Ⱦ. Ƚ ɥ ɭ ɯ ɨ ɜ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, ɏɨɱɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɫɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɳɟɦɹɳɢɦɢ, http://www.e-vid.ru/index-m-192-p-63-article-21752-print-1.htm (07.12. 2011). 4Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ. 5Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɨɬɪɢ ɤɧɢɝɭ: Ⱦ. ȼ ɨ ɥ ɨ ɞ ɢ ɯ ɢ ɧ, ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɤɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2007. 6ɘɪɢɣ ȼɚɥɟɧɬɢɧɨɜɢɱ Ʉɧɨɪɨɡɨɜ – ɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɧɵɣ, ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɣ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɣɹ. [...] ɇɨ ɬɨɬ Ʉɧɨɪɨɡɨɜ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɹ ɩɢɲɭ ɜ ɋɭɦɟɪɤɚɯ, ɥɢɰɨ ɧɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ. Ɇɧɟ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɸ, ɜɬɨɪɝɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ [...]. Ⱦ. Ƚ ɥ ɭ ɯ ɨ ɜ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, ɋɭɦɟɪɤɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 308.
-ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɜɨɦ. Ɍɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɸ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɠɚɧɪ, ɪɨɞɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɫɬɚɥ Ɇɢɯɚɢɥ Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜɢɱ Ȼɭɥɝɚɤɨɜ ɟɳɟ ɜ 30-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ XX ɜɟɤɚ. Ɍɪɭɞɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɠɚɧɪ ɤɚɤ ɋɭɦɟɪɟɤ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ Ȼɭɥɝɚɤɨɜɚ Ɇɚɫɬɟɪ ɢ Ɇɚɪɝɚɪɢɬɚ (1966), ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɟɧ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɫɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɫɚɬɢɪɚ, ɢ ɮɚɪɫ, ɢ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɤɚ, ɢ ɦɢɫɬɢɤɚ, ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɥɸɛɜɢ, ɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟ ɦɵɫɥɢ. Ɇɚɫɬɟɪ ɢ Ɇɚɪɝɚɪɢɬɚ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɨɦɚɧ-ɦɚɧɢɮɟɫɬ. Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭ-ɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɥɭɱɲɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɤɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɨɦɚɧ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ Ɇɟɬɪɨ 2033 ɩɨ ɫɬɢɥɸ ɢ ɞɭɯɭ ɧɚɩɨɦɢ-ɧɚɟɬ ɪɚɧɧɸɸ ɧɚɭɱɧɭɸ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɤɭ Ⱥɪɤɚɞɢɹ ɢ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ ɋɬɪɭɝɚɰɤɢɯ (Ɉɛɢɬɚɟ-ɦɵɣ ɨɫɬɪɨɜ, 1971 ɢ ɉɚɪɟɧɶ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɢɫɩɨɞɧɟɣ, 1973), ɬɨ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɋɭɦɟɪɤɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɭɤɥɨɧ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ „ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɤɢ” Ȼɭɥɝɚɤɨɜɚ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɮɢɥɨ-ɫɨɮɫɤɢɯ ɪɨɦɚɧɨɜ ɍɦɛɟɪɬɨ ɗɤɨ. Ɋɨɦɚɧ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɟɦ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɤɚɧɭɧɟ (L’isola del giorno prima, 1994) ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɞɶɛɟ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ XVII ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɟɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɵɟ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɭɬ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɨɠɟ ɢ ɪɨɦɚɧ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɋɭɦɟɪɟɤ ɫ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨ-ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɪɨɦɚɧɨɦ ɗɤɨ ɂɦɹ ɪɨɡɵ (Il nome della rosa, 1980), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ, ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɜ ɋɭɦɟɪɤɚɯ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧ-ɧɵɟ ɜ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɢ, ɫ ɤɚɬɚɤɥɢɡɦɚɦɢ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɸɞɢ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɭɡɧɚɸɬ ɢɡ ɧɨɜɨɫɬɟɣ, ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɹɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ. ɋɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ, ɟɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɦ. ɉɨɷ-ɬɨɦɭ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɟ ɦɢ-ɪɚ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɞɚɠɟ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɚɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɦɢɪɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭ ɧɟɟ ɧɚɣɞɭɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɢ-ɥɚ, ɢ ɜɟɪɚ ɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨ: [...] ɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɭɫɶ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɭɠɟ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɟɳɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɟ. ɂ ɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɢɧɭ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɚ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɭɜɢɠɭ, ɤɚɤ ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɤɥɭɛɵ ɝɪɨɡɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɝɞɟ-ɬɨ ɧɟɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɥɭɱɢɤ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɞɪɚ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ7 . Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ, ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɱɟɪɬɚɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɭ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ ɜ ɪɨ-ɦɚɧɟ ɋɭɦɟɪɤɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɥ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɨɪɨ-ɦɚɧɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸ, ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɨ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɜɟɬɚ, ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɬɨɠɟ ɪɨɦɚɧ „ɦɢɫɬɟɪɢɹ, ɪɨɦɚɧ-ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ, ɡɚɝɪɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞ ɬɪɢɥɥɟɪ”8 . ________________ 7Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 304. 8Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 306–307.
ɉɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɭɦɟɪɟɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ, ɩɨɱɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɦ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɜɟ. ɋɸɠɟɬ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɫɹ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɜɚɯ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ Ɇɚɞ-ɪɢɞɟ, ɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɨɠɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ9 . ɋɭɦɟɪɤɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɢɥɸ ɞɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬ ɤɧɢɝɭ Ⱦɷɧɚ Ȼɪɚɭɧɚ Ʉɨɞ ɞɚ ȼɢɧɱɢ (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code, 2003). Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɋɭɦɟɪɟɤ Ⱦɦɢɬ-ɪɢɣ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɡɚɤɚɡ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɧɭɫɤɪɢɩɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɩɨɯɨɞ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɹɞɚ ɤɨɧɤɢɫɬɚɞɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɤɨ-ɦɚɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɜɨɪɹɧɢɧɚ Ʌɭɢɫɚ Ʉɚɫɚ-ɞɟɥɶ-Ʌɚɝɚɪɬɨ ɜɝɥɭɛɶ ɩɨɥɭ-ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɘɤɚɬɚɧ. ɐɟɥɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɢ – ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɢɧɞɟɣɰɟɜ ɦɚɣɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɚɦɭɸ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ, ɝɞɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɩɪɨ ɜɫɟ, ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ, ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ. ɋ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɵɟ ɫɨ-ɛɵɬɢɹ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɵɜɚɟɬ ɝɥɚɜɭ ɡɚ ɝɥɚɜɨɣ ɜɟɬɯɨɝɨ ɦɚɧɭɫɤɪɢɩɬɚ, ɪɢɫɤɭɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ. ɑɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɦɚɧɭɫɤɪɢɩɬɚ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ ɢɫɬɨ-ɪɢɟɣ ɢ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɢ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ȼ Ɇɨɫ-ɤɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɡɜɟɪɫɤɢɟ ɪɢɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɞ ɨɤɧɚɦɢ ɞɨɦɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɠɢɜɟɬ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ ɜɨɟɬ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɟ, ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ ɭɪɚɝɚɧɵ ɢ ɤɚɬɚ-ɫɬɪɨɮɵ, ɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɣ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɟɬ ɞɚɠɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɚɬɚɤ-ɥɢɡɦɵ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɞɜɟɪɢɢ ɇɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ, ɝɪɨɡɹɬ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɢɬɶ ɜɫɺ ɠɢɜɨɟ. Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɦɢ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɚɧ-ɫɤɨɣ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɶɸ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɡɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɞɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɩɪɟɞɜɟɫɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ. ȼ ɋɭɦɟɪɤɚɯ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ (ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɚ Ⱦɦɢɬ-ɪɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɭ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ) ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɭɸ ȼɫɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɦɟɪ-ɬɶɸ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɨɦ ɫɜɟɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɞɟɣɰɟɜ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ 2012 ɝɨɞɭ10 . Ɍɚɣɧɚ, ɱɬó ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɝɪɹɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ ɢ ɜɨɡ-________________ 9ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɞɟɥɚɯ ɜ ɘɤɚɬɚɧɟ Ⱦɢɷɝɨ ɞɟ Ʌɚɧɞɚ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ 1566 ɝɨɞɭ, – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɧɞɟɣɰɟɜ ɦɚɣɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɜɟ-ɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɦɚɣɹ ɢ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɦɢ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɞɟ Ʌɚɧɞɚ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ. ȿɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɟɝɨ ɥɟɝɥɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɞɨ ɧɚɫ ɬɪɭɞɵ Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɚ Ⱥɧɬɨɧɢɨ ɑɢ, ɢɧɞɟɣɰɚ ɫ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɫɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɚɯ Ⱦɢɷɝɨ ɞɟ Ʌɚɧɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɧɞɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɬɨɤɚ, ɞɨɛɚɜɢɜ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɪɢɝɢɧɚɥ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɟ Ʌɚɧɞɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɫɹ, ɧɨ ɭɰɟɥɟɥɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɺɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɩɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɪɨɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɥ ɘɪɢɣ ȼɚ-ɥɟɧɬɢɧɨɜɢɱ Ʉɧɨɪɨɡɨɜ. ȼɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɬɨɠɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ Ʉɧɨɪɨɡɨɜɵɦ. ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɞɟɥɚɯ ɜ ɘɤɚɬɚɧɟ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1955. 10ȼ. Ʉ ɭ ɡ ɶ ɦ ɢ ɧ, Ɍɚɣɧɵ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɟɣ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɦɚɣɹ, http://apinews.ru/index.php/ entertainment/2012/484-maya (07.12.2011): ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɜ ɞɟɧɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɞɟɧɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɞɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɷɧɟɪ-ɝɢɸ, „ɡɚɪɹɠɚɹ” ɥɸɞɟɣ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɦ, ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɦɨɦ, ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɞɚɜɚɹ ɢɦ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɝɨɞ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ 21 ɦɚɪɬɚ ɫɨɬɧɢ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɦɟɤɫɢɤɚɧɰɟɜ ɢ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɲɚɬ ɜɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɟɳɟ ɫɩɚɫɬɢ ɦɢɪ, – ɜ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɨɦ ɦɚɧɭɫɤɪɢɩɬɟ ɢ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɚ--ɦɨɫɤɜɢɱɚ. Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɨ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ, ɧɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ ɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɢ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ, ɜ XXI ɜɟ-ɤɟ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɪɟɜɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɧɚɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ Ɂɟɦɥɸ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɥɸɞɢ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɵɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɤɥɸɱ ɤ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɸ. ɋɚɦɚɹ ɬɚɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ – ɰɢ-ɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɞɟɣɰɟɜ ɦɚɣɹ, ɢɫɱɟɡɧɭɜɲɚɹ ɫ ɥɢɰɚ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɟɳɟ ɡɚ ɩɹɬɶɫɨɬ ɥɟɬ ɞɨ ɨɬ-ɤɪɵɬɢɹ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ – ɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɟɛɹ ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɡɚɝɚɞɨɤ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɝɥɚɜ-ɧɵɯ – ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɶ, ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɢɡɭɦɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɸ, ɷɩɨɯɚ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ „ɉɹɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ”, ɜ ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɨɣ ɠɢɜɟɬ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ 21 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ 2012 ɝɨɞɚ. ɑɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɧɢɤɨɦɭ… Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬ ɫɚɦɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫɚ. ɋ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɧ ɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ-ɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɟɦ, ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨ-ɜɚɥɨ ɛɵ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ, ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɹɫɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɠɢ-ɞɚɟɬ ɬɨɠɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ. ________________ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɵ ɞɚɥɟɤɢɯ ɢɧɞɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɭɠɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɞɟɧɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɟɡɞɤɚ ɜ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɭ, ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜ ɘɤɚɬɚɧ, ɜ ɪɚɡɜɚɥɢɧɵ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɑɢɱɟɧ-ɂɰɚ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɤɪɵɥɚɬɨɝɨ ɛɨɝɚ-ɡɦɟɹ ɉɨɤɭɥɶɬɚɦɚ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɵ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɡɟɧɢɬ, ɢ ɞɟɧɶ ɢ ɧɨɱɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ, ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɯɪɚɦɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɵɥɚɬɨɝɨ ɛɨɝɚ. ɗɬɨ – ɫɟɦɶ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɬɟɧɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸ-ɳɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɦɟɢ [...]. ɋɬɚɪɟɣɲɢɧɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɪɢɬɭɚɥɵ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɤɨɜ, ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɟ ɦɚɣɹ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ ɡɧɚɥɢ ɦɢɪɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ȼɫɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ. ɗɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɟ Ɂɟɦɥɹ 21 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ 2012 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɭɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤ ɦɚɣɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ „ɤɨɧɟɰ ɫɜɟɬɚ”. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɷɪɚ – ɷɪɚ ɞɭɯɨɜ-ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɡɪɟɧɢɹ. ɇɨ ɢ ɬɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɪɨɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɣɹ ɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɬɨ ɫɨɛɵ-ɬɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɯɨɞ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ. Ⱥ ɜɟɞɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ 21 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ 2012 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚ Ɂɟɦɥɹ ɢ ɋɨɥɧ-ɰɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫ ɋɨɥɧ-ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɧɚɲɟɣ Ƚɚɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɟ ɦɚɣɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɡɚ ɬɵɫɹɱɭ ɥɟɬ ɫɭɦɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɪɟɞɤɨɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ! Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɡɚɤɥɸ-ɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɪɨɫɬ, ɭɦɢɪɚɧɢɟ, ɫɦɟɪɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ. Ʉɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɶ ɦɚɣɹ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɥ ɷɬɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɫ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ. ȼ 2012 ɝɨɞɭ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɪɚ, ɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɪɤɚɦ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɹ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ, ɦɚɣɹ ɫ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ. ɂɡɭɱɢɜ ɨɩɵɬ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ, ɞɚɠɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɹ ɦɚɣɹ, ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ 10 000 ɥɟɬ! Ɋɚɞɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɠɟ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɦ Ⱥɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫ 2012. ɋɛɭɞɭɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɩɪɨɪɨɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɣɹ? Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ Ⱥɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫ–2012 ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɥɢ ɩɭɬɟɲɟ-ɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɭ, ɧɚ ɪɭɢɧɵ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ, ɜɫɟɪɶɟɡ ɜɟɪɹɳɢ-ɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɪɨɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɣɹ, ɢ ɫɤɟɩɬɢɤɚɜɟɪɹɳɢ-ɦɢ – ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɜɟɪɹɳɢ-ɦɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ. Ɍɟɥɟɤɚɧɚɥ „ɊɈɋɋɂə”. ɗɮɢɪ 9 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ 2008 ɝ.
ɋɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɭɞɚɱɧɵɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ. ɋ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ-ɬɨ ɧɟɨɠɢ-ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ, ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɨɝɨ, ɧɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɭɸ, ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɫɩɨ-ɤɨɣɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜ Ƚɥɭɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ – ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɦɢɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɨɦ ɫɜɟɬɚ, ɫ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ? Ɉɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɩɚɫɬɢ ɜɟɫɶ ɦɢɪ. ȼ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɝɥɚɜ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɞ ɢɫ-ɩɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɟɦ Las Conversaciones con Dios (Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ ɫ Ȼɨɝɨɦ)11Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ-Ȼɨɝɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɘɪɢɣ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɢɱ Ʉɧɨ-ɪɨɡɨɜ12 , ɫɬɚɪɢɤ, ɛɵɜɲɢɣ ɭɱɟɧɵɣ, ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɢɧɞɟɣ-ɰɚɦɢ ɦɚɣɹ, ɚ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ, ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɩɵɬɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɦ – Ȼɨɝɨɦ: – ɑɬɨ, ɜɨ ɢɦɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɜɹɬɨɝɨ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɞɜɟɪɢ? Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵ ɢɦɟɟɬɟ ɤ ɂɰɚɦɧɟ?13 Ȼɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ Ʉɧɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɹ, ɭɡɧɚɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɭɸ ɬɚɣɧɭ ɦɚɣɹ, ɧɚɱɚɥ ɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɟ ɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɢɟ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɨɧ ɡɧɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ „ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɬɟɪɹɬɶ ɜɟɪɭ”14 . Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ „ɡɧɚɧɢɟ” – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɜɨɪ, „ɜɟɪɚ ɢ ɧɚ-ɞɟɠɞɚ” – ɷɬɨ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɟ: Ɇɚɣɹ ɢɫɱɟɡɥɢ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɪɟɤɥɢ ɫɜɨɣ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɢ, ɛɟɡɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɱɧɨ ɭɜɟɪɨɜɚɜ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ, ɫɚɦɢ ɠɟ ɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɢ... ɑɬɨ ɫ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɹ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɧ? Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɪɟɡ-ɤɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ. ɉɨɤɚ ɧɟɬ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ, ɷɬɨ ɥɭɱ, ɭɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɦɢɝɚ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ. ə ɧɟ ɠɟɥɚɸ ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɦɪɭ! ɂ ɩɨɤɚ ɹ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɸ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɦɨɣ ɱɚɫ, ɹ ɜɟɱɟɧ!15 Ⱥ ɜ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵ ɜɟɪɢɬɟ? ________________ 11Ⱦ. Ƚ ɥ ɭ ɯ ɨ ɜ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, ɋɭɦɟɪɤɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 269–286. 12ɋɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ 6. 13Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 274. „ɂɰɚɦɧɚ” – Ȼɨɝ ɧɟɛɟɫ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɵɤɚ ɞɧɹ ɢ ɧɨɱɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɥɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɚɪɢɤ ɫ ɨɪɥɢɧɵɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ, ɩɨɤɪɨ-ɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɜɟɪɫɢɹɦ ɨɧ ɛɵɥ ɫɵɧɨɦ ɏɭɧɚɛ Ʉɭ, ɯɨɬɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ, [ɜ:] ɋ. Ʉ ɚ ɪ ɬ ɟ ɪ, 2012. ɉɪɨɪɨɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɣɹ: ɦɢɮɵ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɵ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2010, ɫ. 172. 14Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 293. 15Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ.
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