"The Method of Collecting Roman Taxes in Palestine", Gulak, "Magnes Anniversary Book" : [recenzja]

3 6 2 JOURNAL OF PAPYROLOGY

u s e d w h i l e a d d r e s s i n g t h e e m p e r o r , t h e p r e f e c t , t h e iuridicus Alexandreae, t h e praefectus castrorum a n d t h e strategus.

A L A N C H E S T E R J O H N S O N , Lucius Domitius Domitianus Au-gustus ( r e p r . f r o m Classical Philology v o l . X L V N o . 1 1950). T h e a u t h o r a s s e r t s t h a t D o m i t i u s c l a i m e d t h e i m p e r i a l p u r p l e s o m e t i m e b e t w e e n J u l y 23 a n d A u g u s t 29, 297 a n d e s t a b l i s h e s t h a t A c h i l l e u s a n d D o m i t i u s a r e n o t o n e a n d t h e s a m e p e r s o n a n d t h a t Achilleus w a s c o r r e c t o r (επανορθώτης) u n d e r D o m i t i u s . A p -p a r e n t l y h e h a d b e e n a -p -p o i n t e d c o r r e c t o r b y D i o c l e t i a n a n d j o i n e d D o m i t i u s w h e n h e set u p t h e s t a n d a r d of r e v o l t . I t is n o t b e y o n d t h e b o u n d s of p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e r e o r g a n i s a t i o n of E g y p t w a s d e s i g n e d t o go i n t o e f f e c t on A u g u s t 30, 297 a n d t h i s m a y b e one of t h e causes of t h e r e v o l t . T h e p e c u l i a r p o s i t i o n of Alexandria ad Aegyptum, w h i c h h a s b e e n r e s p e c t e d b y all R o m a n e m p e r o r s hi-t h e r hi-t o , w a s hi-t h r e a hi-t e n e d in hi-t h e n e w o r d e r . I hi-t w o u l d n o l o n g e r b e t h e r e s i d e n c e of t h e p r e f e c t a n d t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e c e n t r e of E g y p t b u t w o u l d b e r e d u c e d p r a c t i c a l l y t o t h e s t a t u s of a n o m e c a p i t a l w i t h o u t t h e privileges a n d p r e r o g a t i v e s of f o r m e r d a y s .

J A C Q U E S S C H W A R T Z , L.. Mussius Aemilianus, préfet d'Egypte ( E x t r . d u Bull, de la Soc. Royale d'Archéologie d'Alexandrie, N o . 37, 1948). T h e a u t h o r gives u s a p o r t r a i t of L . Mussius A e m i l i a n u s , P r e f e c t of E g y p t ( 2 3 7 — 2 5 9 A : D . ) . H e w a s a good a d m i n i s t r a t o r a n d a f t e r -w a r d s a g e n e r a l l o y a l t o t h e R o m a n E m p i r e , a f a i t h f u l p a r t i s a n of M a c r i n u s a n d Q u i e t u s . H e w a s m u r d e r e d b y t h e m o r e or less sincere p a r t i s a n s of G a l i e n u s . M a c r i n u s h a d a g e n u i n e u n d e r s t a n d -i n g of t h e -i n t e r e s t s of R o m e -in t h e E a s t . A f t e r t h e d e a t h of Ma-c r i n u s , A e m i l i a n u s t r i e d t o a s s u m e his suMa-cMa-cession. H e d i e d as a viMa-c- vic-t i m n o vic-t of his a m b i vic-t i o n b u vic-t of a d v e r s e c i r c u m s vic-t a n c e s .

A D M I N I S T R A T I V E L A W

G U L A K , The Method of Collecting Roman Taxes in Palestine (Ma-gnes Anniversary Book 9 7 — 1 0 4 , E n g l . e x t r . p . X X I ) .

I n Talmud Yerushalmi, Ketubot X , section 5 m e n t i o n is m a d e of a r e g u l a t i o n p a s s e d b y R a b b i Y e h u d a h H a n n a s i in t h e m a t t e r of t h e collection of t a x e s in P a l e s t i n e , w h i c h t h r o w s m u c h l i g h t o n t h e n a t u r e of t h e s e t a x e s . T h e r e g u l a t i o n c o n c e r n s t h r e e t a x e s : t h e annona, t h e p o l l - t a x a n d t h e anparouth, w h i c h w e r e t o b e

col-SURVEY OF LITERATURE 1 9 4 9 - 1 9 5 0

₃₆₃

lected in accordance with the law governing the collection laid

down by Ben Nanas (first generation after the destruction of the

Temple). These three taxes were at that time the most important

ones in Palestine. The annona was not the ordinary land tax (the

tributum soli) but an extraordinary tax which was collected in

natura in order to supply the needs of the army (annona militaris)

or the needs of the city of Rome (annona civica). The poll-tax had

been collected from early times and we know from the Roman

sources that at the period of the discussion it was fixed in Palestine

at a rate higher than one percent of the property owned. As for

the anparouth it appears from Talmudic sources that this tax was

the payment made by tenant farmers of state properties

(vecti-gal). The article deserves the attention of the papyrologists because

of its frequent references to the papyrological literature

(Rostow-zew, W i l c k e n , W a s z y ń s k i ) and the papyri (cf. 98 note 6).

JACQUES SCHWARTZ, Le Nil et le ravitaillement de Rome

(Extr. du Bull, de Vlnst. franc. d'Arch. orient, t. 47, 1948).

The author examines some questions concernihg the transport

of corn on the Nile. He tries to follow the evolution of the transport

system and gives interesting remarks concerning the corporation

of ναύκληροι (p. 182, 186), the έπίπλοο!. (p. 184), the conversion of the

office of the ναύκληρος into a liturgy under Commodus (p. 190),

and the difference between ναύκληροι and έμποροι, in Alexandria.

E. YAN'T DACK, Recherches sur Γ Administration du nome dans

la Thebaïde au temps des Lagides (Aegyptus XXIX 1

—2 (1949)

p. 3 - 4 4 ) .

The author points out the lack of the uniformity in the manner

in which the different districts were organized in the Ptolemaic

period. The lack of uniformity manifests itself in different forms.

Arsinoite for instance was divided in μερίδες which are not to be

found in other nomes. In any district the cadre of the officials was

more or less cut or formed up in several lines e. g. the competence

of the νομάρχης were more or less restricted according to the fact

whether there was an econome or not. The author tries to

illu-strate the exceptional organization of the administrative cadre of

the nome in the Thebaide. The author traces a scheme of the

admi-nistration of the nome under the Lagides on the basis of the sources

from the Middle and Lower Egypt. He examines further the

of-ficials of the nome in the Thebaide. The comparison of the