ɅɂɇȽȼɂɋɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɉɈɊɌɊȿɌ ɋɅɈȼȺ ɑɂɇɈȼɇɂɄ THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORD CHINOVNIC
ɈɅɖȽȺ ɎɊɈɅɈȼȺ
ABSTRACT. The article deals with the semantics and usage of the word chinovnic (official). The author views “the behavior” of this noun in the Russian texts of 18th–19th and 20th, 21st c. The investigation is based on the materials of Russian National Corpus (ruscorpora.ru). In the texts of 18th–19th c. the noun is used in a model “noun + proper name”, but in the modern use this model is lost, the noun chinovnic draws closer to the noun bureaucrat (pedant). In the article the main and peripheral senses of the noun chinownis are described: hired labor, disinterested attitude, lack of individuality. Native speakers of modern Russian avoid too negative descriptions contained in the word bureaucrat, which are perceived as too negative and prefer to use ambiguous noun such as chinovnic.
Ɉɥɶɝɚ Ɏɪɨɥɨɜɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ɇ.ȼ. Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ – Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ. ȼ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ. ɇɚɲɚ ɰɟɥɶ – ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɭ ɞɚɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚɦ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɡ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ1. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɨɩɵɬɚɟɦɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɫ ɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɫɛɥɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɫ ɫɥɨɜɨ. ɉɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɢɦɟɧɚɯ: ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ, ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ, ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ, ɪɚ-ɛɨɬɧɢɤ, ɬɪɭɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɟɪ. ɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚ-ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ. ɉɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɢɦɹ ɪɚ-ɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɝɢɩɟɪɨɧɢɦɨɦ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹ ɤ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɦ. ɋɥɨɜɨ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬ-ɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɢ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫɨ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɹ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ2 . ɋɟɦɚɧ-ɬɢɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ: ɩɨ ɋȺɊ-2 ɷɬɨ „ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɱɟɫɬɢɸ ɤɚɤɨɸ, ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɱɬɟɧɧɵɣ” [ɋȺɊ-1, ɬ. 6, ɫɬɥɛ. 756]. ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɫɥɚɜɹɧ-________________ 1 ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ (ruscorpora.ru). Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɇɄɊə. 2 ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɩɨ ɚɡɛɭɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ: ɜ 6-ɬɢ ɬɨ-ɦɚɯ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 1806–1822. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɋȺɊ-1, ɋȺɊ-2.
ɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ 1847 ɝ.3 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɬɚɤ: „ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɱɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ” [ɋɐɋɊə 1847, 4: 439]. ɍ ȼ.ɂ. Ⱦɚɥɹ4 – „ɱɢɧɨɜɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚ-ɪɸ ɢ ɠɚɥɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɱɢɧɨɦ”, ɬ.ɟ. „ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɠɚɥɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɶɹ, ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ, ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɤɨɢɯ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ” [Ⱦɚɥɶ 4: 605]. ɋɥɨɜɨ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬɢɹ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɭɸ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɚɤ-ɬɢɤɭ ɜ ɗɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɧɟ ɉɥɸɲɚɪɚ ɜ 1836 ɝ.5Ⱥɜɬɨɪ Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɨɧɚ ɨɬ-ɦɟɱɚɟɬ: „ɗɬɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɯ ɛɪɨɲɸɪɚɯ, ɢ ɩɨ ɧɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ” [ɗɅ 1836, 7: 610]. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɢɸɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ 1830 ɝ. ɜɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɤɨɥɥɟ-ɝɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɛɸɪɨ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɢɲɟɬ: „ɋɥɨɜɨ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬɢɹ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɵ ɢ ɧɟɦɰɵ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɫɚɬɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ, ɪɚɡɭɦɟɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɢɦ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɦɟɫɬɚɦ ɢ ɱɢɧɨɜ-ɧɢɤɚɦ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɹɞɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɜɫɹɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɵ, ɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɚɦɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɝɞɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ; ɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ, ɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɜɫɹɤɨɟ ɡɥɨɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥ, ɞɥɹ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɤɨɪɵɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ […]. ȼ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ Ȼɸɪɨɤɪɚɬɢɹ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɟ ɡɥɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. Ⱦɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟ-ɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɭ ɫɥɨɜɭ ɜɨɥɨɤɢɬɵ, ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɦɭ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɭɡɚɤɨɧɟɧɢɣ” [ɗɅ 1836, 7: 611]. ȼ.ɂ. Ⱦɚɥɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɹ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ. Ȼɸɪɨɤɪɚɬɢɹ – „ɭɩɪɚɜ-ɥɟɧɢɟ, ɝɞɟ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɱɢɧɨɧɚɱɚɥɢɟ; ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ; ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɢ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ; ɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɱɚɥɢɟ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ” [Ⱦɚɥɶ 1: 158]. ɋɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ – „ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹ-ɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ” [Ⱦɚɥɶ 4: 224]. ȼ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɯ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ ɬɨɥɤɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ „2. Ɂɚɧɹɬɵɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ (ɪɚɡɝ.). […] 3. ɜ ɡɧɚɱ. ɫɭɳ. […] ɥɢ-ɰɨ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɣɦɭ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ, ɥɢɰɨ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɣɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ”6 . Ⱦ.ɇ. ɍɲɚɤɨɜ ɫɛɥɢɠɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɢ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ, ɬɨɥɤɭɹ ɨɞɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ: ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ – „ɩɟɪɟɧ. ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ________________ 3 ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɱ. 1–4, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 1847. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ – ɋɐɋɊə. 4ȼ.ɂ. Ⱦ ɚ ɥ ɶ, Ɍɨɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ: ɜ 4-ɯ ɬɨɦɚɯ, Ɇɨɫ-ɤɜɚ 1978–1980. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ – Ⱦɚɥɶ. 5 ɗɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɧ ɉɥɸɲɚɪɚ, ɬ. 1–17, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 1835–1841. Ⱦɚ-ɥɟɟ – ɗɅ. 6 Ɍɨɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ: ɜ 4-ɯ ɬɨɦɚɯ, ɩɨɞ. ɪɟɞ. Ⱦ.ɇ. ɍɲɚɤɨɜɚ, ɬ. 4, Ɇɨɫ-ɤɜɚ 1996, ɫ. 279. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ – ɍɲɚɤɨɜ.
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɤɚɡɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɜɧɨɞɭɲɢɟɦ, ɛɟɡ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟ-ɪɟɫɚ, ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ (ɭɤɨɪ.)” [ɍɲɚɤɨɜ 4: 1277]; ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ – „ɑɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɜ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɥɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢ-ɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ. Ȼɸɪɨɤɪɚɬɚɦ ɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɢɬɱɢɤɚɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ. 3. ɩɟɪɟɧ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɢɫɬ, ɩɟɞɚɧɬ (ɪɚɡɝ. ɩɪɟɡɪɢɬ.)” [ɍɲɚɤɨɜ 1: 215]. ɆȺɋ7ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɨɛɨ-ɢɯ ɢɦɟɧ: Ȼɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ – „Hɟɨɞɨɛɪ. Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɟ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ, ɜ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɞɟɥɭ, ɛɭɤɜɨɟɞ, ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɫɬ” [ɆȺɋ 1: 131]. ɑɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ – „Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɟ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɛɟɡ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɞɟɥɟ” [ɆȺɋ 4: 678]. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɟɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɨɜɟ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ. ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ, ɜ ȻȺɋ8 ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚ-ɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ: „ɥɢɰɨ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɣɦɭ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ” [ȻȺɋ 13: 1269]. ȼ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ9 ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ „1. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ. ɑɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɬɚɦɨɠɧɢ. ɉɨɥɢ-ɰɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ. Ɇɟɥɤɢɟ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɢ; 2. Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɟ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɦ, ɛɟɡ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɞɟɥɟ; ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɫɬ, ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ. Ȼɟɡɞɭɲɧɵɟ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɢ” [ȻɌɋ 2002: 1480]. Ȼɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ ɷɬɨ – „(ɮɪɚɧɰ. burɟɚuɫrɚtɟ). Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɭɬɶɸ ɞɟɥɚ ɪɚɞɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ; ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɫɬ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɟɪ” [ȻɌɋ 2002: 108]. ȼ ȻɌɋ ɫɭɳɟɫɬ-ɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ „ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɨ” ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɧɢ ɜ ȻȺɋ, ɧɢ ɆȺɋ: ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɟɪ – „ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɩɚɪɬɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɮɫɨɸɡ-ɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ; ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ. Ɂɚɤɨɪɟɧɟɥɵɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɟɪ. ɑɟɝɨ ɠɞɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ-ɧɟɪɨɜ” [ȻɌɋ 2002: 1436]. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨ-ɪɢɡɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɞɢɚɯɪɨɧɢɢ, ɬɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɢ-ɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɟ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫ XVIII ɜ., ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ Ɇ.ȿ. ɋɚɥɬɵɤɨɜɚ-ɓɟɞɪɢɧɚ 1859–1862 ɝ. ɋɭɞɹ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɇɄɊə, ɜ 1838–1839, ɜ 1846 ɝɝ. ɭ Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɪɮɚ ɢ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ƚɪɢɝɨ-ɪɶɟɜɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɚ-ɳɢɣ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɭ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɭ Ɏ.Ɇ. Ɋɟ-ɲɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɜ 1864 ɝ., ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɠɟ ɷɬɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ XIX–ɏɏ ɜɟɤɨɜ. ɇɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ 1700–1917 ɝ. ɜ ɇɄɊə ɧɚ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɫɥɭɠɚ-ɳɢɣ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ 46 ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ. ȼ XVIII–XIX ɜɜ. ɢɦɹ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ, ɚ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ ɥɢɲɟɧ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ. ________________ 7 ɋɦ.: ɆȺɋ – ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ: ɜ 4-ɯ ɬɨɦɚɯ, ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ⱥ.ɉ. ȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɨɣ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1981. 8ɋɦ.: ȻȺɋ – ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɬ. 1–17, Ɇɨɫ-ɤɜɚ 1948–1965. 9 Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɝɥ. ɪɟɞ. ɋ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪ-ɛɭɪɝ 2002. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ – ȻɌɋ.
„Ʉ ɧɟɦɭ ɩɨɞɨɲɟɥ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ ɢ ɭɞɚɪɢɥ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɯɭɲɤɟ ɟɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɪɭɤɨɣ, ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɸɧɭɜ ɧɚ ɥɚɞɨɧɶ; ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ, ɫɦɨɬɪɟɜɲɢɣ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ, ɡɚɯɢɯɢɤɚɥ, ɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɣ ɥɸɛɟɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɯɜɚɬɢɥ ɡɚ ɜɨɥɨɫɵ ɨɛɢɞɱɢɤɚ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɦɚɧɟɪɨɦ ɩɪɢɬɹɧɭɥ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɩɨɥɭ, ɬɨɬ ɜɫɤɪɢɤɧɭɥ: «Ɉɬɩɭɫɬɢ, ɱɟɪɬ!»”; „ȼɨɧ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɬɢɲɢɧɵ ɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɢɸ: «ɉɢɱɭɠɤɢɧ, ɞɚɣ ɬɚɛɚɱɤɭ...»”; „ȼɨɧ ɢɡ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɵ ɜɵɛɟɠɚɥ ɜ ɲɚɩɤɟ ɢ ɜ ɩɚɥɶɬɨ ɞɨɥɝɨ-ɜɹɡɵɣ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ; ɟɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥ ɫɢɞɟɜɲɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɭ: ɤɭɞɚ?” (Ɏ.Ɇ. Ɋɟɲɟɬɧɢɤɨɜ, Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ, 1864) [ruscorpora.ru]. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɸ-ɪɨɤɪɚɬ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɟɪ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɫɬɭ-ɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɨɜ. ȼ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɭɸ ɷɩɨɯɭ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɡɦɨɦ, ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɨɟ ɡɧɚ-ɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɛɥɢɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɟ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ. ȼ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɦɹ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ, ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɜ XVIII, XIX ɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ. ɪɟɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɢɦɹ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɟ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ ɜ ɏɏ ɜ. ɩɪɨɱɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦ ɫɬɢɥɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɚɧɤɟɬɵ ɫ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ: „ɢɡ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧ, ɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ, ɢɡ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ”. ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɦɟɧ-ɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ – ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɇɄɊə ɫ 1700 ɩɨ 1917 ɝ. ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɇɄɊə, ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 1988 ɝ., ɚ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ 1917 ɩɨ 2009 ɝ. – 38 ɪɚɡ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɜ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ, ɬɨ ɜ Google ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬ 944 000, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ, ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ 215 000 ɫɫɵ-ɥɨɤ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ. ȼ ȼɢɤɢɩɟɞɢɢ ɱɢɬɚɟɦ: „ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ 2 ɜɢɞɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ: ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɟ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɠ-ɞɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ – ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɥɭ-ɠɟɛɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ (ɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ) ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ – ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ-ɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ-ɫɤɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ-ɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɟ ɫɨ-ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ (ɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ) ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤ-ɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ”10 (ɩɨɥɭɠɢɪɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫɢɜ – ȼɢɤɢɩɟɞɢɹ). ɉɨɥɢɫɟɦɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɫ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɪɟ-ɫɭɪɫɟ „Vuzlib”11 : „ȼ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨ-________________ 10 Cɦ.: ȼɢɤɢɩɟɞɢɹ – http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ_ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ 11ɋɦ.: „Vuzlib” – ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ.
ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ: ɨɪɝɚɧɚ, ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɚ ɜ ɭɡɤɨɦ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ”12 . ɂɦɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɟɪ ɩɨ ɇɄɊə ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 43 ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ, ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɧ-ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɰɚ XX–XXI ɜ., ɚ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɪɚɧɧɟɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ 1928– 1944 ɝ. Ⱥ. ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜ ɩɢɫɚɥ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɚɯ: „ɍ ɜɚɫ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɟɫɬɶ. ɉɚɲɤɢɧ – ɛɭɪɠɭɣ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɟɪ. ɋɚɮɪɨɧɨɜ – ɩɪɟɞɫɬ[ɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ] ɜɫɟɝɨ [ɩɪɨɲ-ɥɨɝɨ – ɧɪɡɛ.]” (Ⱥ.ɉ. ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜ, Ɂɚɩɢɫɧɵɟ ɤɧɢɠɤɢ, 1928–1944) [ruscorpora.ru]. ȼɟɪɧɟɦɫɹ ɤ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ. ȼ ɇɄɊə ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɭ-ɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫ XVIII ɩɨ XXI ɜɜ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ: 1) ɚɤɬɚɧɬɧɨɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ-ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɟ, 2) ɧɟɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɟ-ɞɢɤɚɬɧɵɟ 2ɚ) ɬɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ 2ɛ) ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɟ. ɉɪɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ-ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɦ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɢɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɫ ɧɚɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɚ) ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ + ɢɦɹ, ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ; ɛ) ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ + ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ. „Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɤɧɹ-ɠɟɫɤɢɣ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɂɜɚɧ ɉɥɟɳɟɟɜ, ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɥɫɹ ɤ ɋɬɟɮɚɧɭ Ɇɨɥɞɚɜɫɤɨɦɭ, ɜɟɪɨ-ɹɬɧɨ, ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ” (ɇ.Ɇ. Ʉɚɪɚɦɡɢɧ, ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ, t. 6, 1811–1818) [ruscorpora.ru]. Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜ) ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ + ɧɚ-ɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɨɞ. ɩɚɞ. „ɂɦ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭɟɬ ɤɧɹɡɶ ɒɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ, ɧɟɤɨɝɞɚ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɞɢɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɚɬɪɨɜ” (ɇ.Ⱦ. Ⱦɭɪɧɨɜɨ, Ⱦɧɟɜɧɢɤ, 1812) [ruscorpora.ru]. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɤɥɚɫɫ, ɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɝɥɚ-ɝɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɨɦ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɧɟɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ-ɧɢ: „Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɵɣ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɦɭ ɜ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɩɨɞ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ Ⱦɭɦɵ” (Ɇ.Ɇ. ɋɩɟɪɚɧɫɤɢɣ, ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɭɥɨɠɟɧɸ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ, 1809) [ruscorpora.ru]. ȼ XIX ɜ. ɢɦɹ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɚ: „ə ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ, ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɚ ɫɤɨɪɨ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɦɨɟɦyҁ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɭ; ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɧɟ ɲɭɬɢɬ-ɫ” (ɂ.ɂ. ɉɚɧɚɟɜ, Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ ɢɦɟɧɢɹ, 1850–1860) [ruscorpora.ru]. ɍɠɟ ɜ XIX ɜ. ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ, ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɟɟ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ. „ȼɫɹɤɢɣ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɟɦɭ ɞɚɥɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɚ ɬɨɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɟɪɩɢɦ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ!” (Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɬɟɯɢɧ, Ɇɢɲɭɪɚ, 1858) [ruscorpora.ru]; ɇɨ ɹ ɡɧɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɹ ɧɢɤɭɞɚ ɧɟ ɝɨ-ɠɭɫɶ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɜɨɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ; ɹ ɧɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬ, ɧɟ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɧɟ ɭɦɟɸ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɸ, – ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ ɨɧ, ɜɫɺ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɵɜɚɹ ɫ ɤɨɤɟɬɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɪɚ-ɫɢɜɨɣ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɋɨɧɸ ɢ ɝɨɫɬɶɸ-ɛɚɪɵɲɧɸ” (Ʌ.ɇ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɣ, ȼɨɣɧɚ ɢ ɦɢɪ, ɬ. 1, 1867–1869) [ ruscorpora.ru]. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɨ ɨɬɫɭɬ-ɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɤɭɸ ɨɛɟɡɥɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. „Ʉɚɤɨɣ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ-________________ 12 Cɦ.: http://www.vuzlib.net/beta3/html/1/7366/7398/
-ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɜɚɠɧɨ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɚɤɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɧɢ ɧɚɩɚɤɨɫɬɢ, ɨ ɬɨɦ ɧɢɤɬɨ ɧɟ ɭɡɧɚɟɬ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɫɚɦ ɨɧ – ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɟɲɤɚ” (ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɨɝɨɥɶ, ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɡɶɹɦɢ, 1843–1847) [ruscorpora. ru]. Ⱥ ɭɠɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɥɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɟɥɭ. „ɑɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɜ ɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɩɟɞɚɧɬɢɡɦɟ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ; ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɜ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɜɨɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ, – ɩɨɫɦɨɬ-ɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɢɯ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɦ ɤɪɭɝɭ, ɜ ɫɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ – ɨɧɢ ɭɠɚɫɧɵ: ɠɢɡɧɶ ɢɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɛɟɫɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɛɨɬɚ, ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ, ɢɛɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɟɤɭɬɫɹ ɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɱɬɨ ɠɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɸɬ!” (ȼ.Ɏ. Ɉɞɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ɋɢɥɶɮɢɞɚ, 1837) [ruscorpora.ru]. ȼ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɏɏ ɜ. ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɢɧɨɣ ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ – ɢɡɨɛɪɚ-ɠɟɧɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ – ɫɭ-ɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ. „ɉɪɢɧɹɜɲɢɣ Ɇ. ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɝɟɫɬɚɩɨ ɡɚɹɜɢɥ ɟɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɬɚɣɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢ-ɰɢɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ, Ɇ., ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɨɰɤɢɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ Ɇ. ɨɬɧɵɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɲɩɢɨɧɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɋɋɋɊ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ” (ɇ. Ɋɭɛɢɧ, ə. ɋɟɪɟɛɪɨɜ, Ɉ ɩɨɞɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɚɲɢɫɬɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɤ ɜ ɋɋɋɊ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɧɟɸ, 1937) [ruscorpora.ru]. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɇɄɊə ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɫɥɨɜɨ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɫɛɥɢɡɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɟ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ, ɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ. ɇɄɊə ɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1100 ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ 85 ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ. ɉɨ--ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɢ-ɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɫ-ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɨɱ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɟ-ɤɬɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɨ-ɜɨɪɹɳɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɢɲɭɳɢɣ ɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɸ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɟɝɨ. ɂɡ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ + ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ. „ȼ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɮɟ-ɪɟ ɬɭɪɢɡɦɚ, ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɢɡ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɭɪɢɡɦɚ Ɇɢɧɷɤɨɧɨɦɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɝɥɚɫɢɥ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ 2003 ɝɨɞ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ” (ȿ. Ʉɚɥɚɲɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɇ. Ⱥɧɚ-ɧɶɟɜɚ, Ʉɨɥɨɧɤɚ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ, „ɇɨɜɨɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ” 2003.01.22) [ruscorpora. ru]; „Ȼɟɫɩɚɥɨɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɺɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɬɚɤɨɣ «ɫɤɟɥɟɬ» ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɟɝoҁ ɩɪɨ-ɞɚɜɚɬɶ: ɹ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɫ ɉɭɬɢɧɵɦ, ɞɪɭɠyҁ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɢ ɬ.ɩ., ɡɚɹɜɢɥ «ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹɦ» ɨɞɢɧ ɤɪɟɦɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ «ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ» ɨɧ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ” (Ⱥ. ɋɚɞɱɢɤɨɜ, ɉɚɪɬɢɣɧɵɣ ɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ Ȼɟɫɩɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɥ „ȿɞɢɧɭɸ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ” ɤ ɤɪɚɯɭ, „ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ” 2003.02.24) [ruscorpora. ru]. ɇɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ „ɫɨɫɟɞɫɬɜɭɟɬ” ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɦ. ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɹɡɵ-ɤɚ. Ɂɚɤɪɵɜɚɹ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɶ ɥɟɬɨɦ 2009 ɝ., ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɜɞɟɟɜ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ ɭ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɫɤɚɡɚɥ: „ə ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ” (ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ).
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɟɦ, ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɩɟɪ-ɜɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ: ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɣɦ, ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɭɦ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ, ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɢɫ-ɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ, ɧɟɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɧɟɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȼɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɰɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɭɛɨɪɳɢɰɭ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɦɢɥɢ-ɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ, ɫɥɟɫɚɪɹ, ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɚ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚ, ɜɪɚɱɚ, ɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɥɸɞɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɭ-ɱɚɸɬ ɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɭ ɢɡ ɝɨɫɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ. ɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ, ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɵ, ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɨɪɵ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɢɬɭɥ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɰɚ, ɡɚɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɟ; ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɭ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɡ-ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɮɢɫ-ɧɵɦ ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɨɦ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɚɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ, ɢɡ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɜ ɨɛɵɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɠɚ-ɳɢɣ. ɂ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɹɦɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɭɸ „ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɸ” ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ. ȼ ɪɟɱɶ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɜɟɪ-ɧɭɥɨɫɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɚɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɆȺɋ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ „1. Ʌɢɰɨ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɱɢɧ, ɫɚɧ ɜ ɞɨɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. 2. ɢɪɨɧ. Ɉ ɡɚɡɧɚɜ-ɲɟɦɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɟ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɩɨɫɬ” [ɆȺɋ 4: 27]. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɭ-ɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ „ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨ” ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤ-ɰɢɢ, ɚ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɭ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ, ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨ-ɜɢ-ɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɤɚɤ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ. ȼ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɡɚ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɩɪɟɡɢ-ɞɟɧɬ ɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Google ɞɚɟɬ 9 570 000 ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ: „ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɩɨɪɭɱɢɥ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ”; „ɇɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɝɟɧɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟ. ɋɥɨɜɚ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧ-ɬɚ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ, ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɬ ɡɚɤɨɧ”; „ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɥ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ ɉɭɬɢɧ – ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦ: «ɏɨɬɢɬɟ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɭ – ɠɢɜɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɭ»”; „ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɟɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢ-ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɜ”; „ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɥ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɬɹɧɭɬɶ ɩɨɹɫɚ”; „ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦ, ɤɚɤ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɥɸɞɟɣ”; „ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɧɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚ ɩɥɨɯɨɣ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ”; „ɉɪɟɡɢ-ɞɟɧɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɥ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ”; „ɉɪɟɡɢ„ɉɪɟɡɢ-ɞɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɚɥ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ”; „ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɭɫɬɪɨɢɥ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦ ɋɨɱɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɦɨɣɤɭ”; „ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɡɚɬɹɧɭɥ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɹɫɚ” (ɩɨɥɭɠɢɪɧɵɣ ɲɪɢɮɬ – Google). ȼ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɦɟɧ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɜɚɠɧɨ
ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɟɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɣ, ɜɨɫ-ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ, ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɨɣ ɨɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ, ɩɨɷɬɨ-ɦɭ-ɬɨ ɨɧ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ. „Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɝɨɫɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɦ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜ ɜɟɥɟɥ ɞɨɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɤɥɨ-ɧɹɸɬ ɤ ɤɨɪɪɭɩɰɢɢ, ɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɬɢɥ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɜ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ”13 . ȼɵɛɨɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɲɚɟɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɟɩɭ-ɬɚɬɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɭɦɵ. ȼɢɞɢɦɨ, ɞɥɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɨɥɠ-ɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɧɨɟ, ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɫ ɢɦɟɧɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɦɶɟɪ-ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟ-ɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ, ɬ.ɤ. ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɦ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɧɝɚ, ɨɧ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɪɚ-ɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɣɦɭ. ɇɟɹɫɧɚɹ, ɪɚɡɦɵɬɚɹ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɨɬɪɢɰɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɚɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɜɭɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟ: „ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ Ɇɟɞɜɟ-ɞɟɜ ɜɟɥɟɥ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɤɥɨɧɹɸɬ ɤ ɤɨɪɪɭɩɰɢɢ”. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɡɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ-ɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ: ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɧɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɹɫɧɨ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɷɲɟ-ɥɨɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭ-ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɧ-ɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɪɨɲɟɧɨ 25 ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 17 ɥɟɬ – ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ. Ɉɩɪɨɫ ɞɚɥ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ: ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɭ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɥɢ 4 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ – 16 ɪɟɫ-ɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɟ-ɥɨɜɟɤɚ, 3 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɚɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚɞ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ɉɨɤɚɠɟɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ: Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨ-ɬɚɰɢɢ „ – ” ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨ-ɬɚɰɢɢ „ +/ – ” Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ „ 0 ” ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨ-ɬɚɰɢɢ „ + ” Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɩɨ-ɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ „ – > + ” 4 16 1 3 1 ________________ 13 Cɦ.: http://grani.ru/Politics/Russia/President/m.154056.html
ɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɫɥɨɜɚ ɦɟɳɚɧɢɧ, ɥɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ, ɫɚɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚ-ɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɭɸ ɷɩɨɯɭ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɏɏ – ɧɚɱɚɥɟ XXI ɜ. ɫɜɨɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɡ-ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ-ɜɚɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɜɟɞɟɦ ɢɬɨɝɢ. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɳɭɳɚɸɬ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ. Ɋɟɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɚ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɟɪ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɧɨɜɧɢɤ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ „ɨɛɧɚɠɚɟɬ” ɝɨ-ɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. ɍɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɡɚɜɭɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ. ɋɬɚɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɡɦɨɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɧɨɦɢɧɚ-ɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɣɞɹ ɜ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ, ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɫɥɨɜɨ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤ „ɧɟ ɢɡɛɚɜɢɥɨɫɶ” ɨɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ XX – ɧɚɱɚɥɟ XXI ɜ.
