Poziom innowacyjności a wielkość nakładów inwestycyjnych na innowacje i prace badawczo-rozwojowe w Polsce

Pełen tekst

(1)Zeszyty Naukowe nr. 836. 2010. Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie. 0DUHN']LXUD .DWHGUD(NRQRPLNLL2UJDQL]DFML3U]HGVLÚELRUVWZ. 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLDZLHONRŋþ QDNãDGyZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FK QDLQQRZDFMHLSUDFHEDGDZF]R UR]ZRMRZHZ3ROVFH :VWÚS :LĕNV]Rŋþ]MDZLVNJRVSRGDUF]\FKLRUJDQL]DF\MQ\FKRUD]SUREOHPyZ]MDNLPL PDP\REHFQLHGRF]\QLHQLDZJRVSRGDUFHŋZLDWRZHMMHVWVNXWNLHPSURFHVX SU]HFKRG]HQLDRGJRVSRGDUNLSU]HP\VãRZHMGRJRVSRGDUNLRSDUWHMQDZLHG]\ *RVSRGDUNĕRSDUWćQDZLHG]\ *2:

(2) FHFKXMHV]\ENLUR]ZyMW\FKVHNWRUyZNWyUH ]ZLć]DQHVć]UR]ZRMHPQDXNLLSU]HWZDU]DQLHPLQIRUPDFMLJãyZQLHJDãĕ]LSU]H P\VãX]DOLF]DQ\FKGRZ\VRNLHMWHFKQLNLDWDNŧHWHFKQLNLXVãXJVSRãHF]HĸVWZD LQIRUPDF\MQHJR*RVSRGDUNDRSDUWDQDZLHG]\WRUyZQLHŧWDNDZNWyUHMťUyGãHP SU]HZDJLNRQNXUHQF\MQHMZLĕNV]RŋFLSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZZW\PPDã\FKLŋUHGQLFKVć SU]HGVLĕZ]LĕFLDLQQRZDF\MQH,QQRZDF\MQRŋþSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZNV]WDãWXMHLQQRZD F\MQRŋþFDãHMJRVSRGDUNLSU]\F]\QLDMćFVLĕGRMHMNRQNXUHQF\MQRŋFLDZHIHNFLH GRZ]URVWXSURGXNWXNUDMRZHJREUXWWR 3.%

(3) -HGQRF]HŋQLHQSSR]LRPQDNãDGyZ QDSUDFHEDGDZF]RUR]ZRMRZHVLOQLHZDUXQNXMćF\LQQRZDF\MQRŋþSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ MHVW]GHWHUPLQRZDQ\SU]H]RJyOQ\SR]LRPERJDFWZDGDQHJRNUDMXRG]ZLHUFLH GORQ\ZHZVNDťQLNX3.%.

(4) 46. Marek Dziura. 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRĂFLSROVNLHMJRVSRGDUNL 'RRFHQ\SR]LRPXLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLPRŧQDXŧ\þZVNDťQLNyZLQQRZD F\MQRŋFL]DPLHV]F]RQ\FKZ(,6 (XURSHDQ,QQRYDWLRQ6FRUHERDUG):FHOX OHSV]HJRXMĕFLDZ\QLNyZG]LDãDOQRŋFLLQQRZDF\MQHMSRG]LHORQRMHQDJUXS ² XZDUXQNRZDQLD²JUXSDZVNDťQLNyZPLHU]ćF\FKVWUXNWXUDOQHZDUXQNL QLH]EĕGQHGREXGRZ\SRWHQFMDãXLQQRZDF\MQHJR ² WZRU]HQLHZLHG]\²JUXSDZVNDťQLNyZPLHU]ćF\FKLQZHVW\FMHZG]LDãDOQRŋþ EDGDZF]RUR]ZRMRZć ² LQQRZDFMHLSU]HGVLĕELRUF]Rŋþ²JUXSDZVNDťQLNyZPLHU]ćF\FKLQQRZDFMHQD SR]LRPLHILUP\ ² ]DVWRVRZDQLH²JUXSDZVNDťQLNyZPLHU]ćF\FKRVLćJQLĕFLDZ\UDŧRQHSU]H] SUDFĕLG]LDãDOQRŋþJRVSRGDUF]ćLLFKZDUWRŋþGRGDQćZVHNWRUDFKLQQRZDF\MQ\FK ² ZãDVQRŋþLQWHOHNWXDOQD²JUXSDZVNDťQLNyZPLHU]ćF\FKRVLćJQLĕWHZ\QLNL Z]DNUHVLHNQRZKRZ :WDEHOLSU]HGVWDZLRQRZ\QLNLSRPLDUXZVNDťQLNyZLQQRZDF\MQRŋFL GODJRVSRGDUNL3ROVNLNUDMyZ8QLL(XURSHMVNLHMRUD]LQQ\FKZ\EUDQ\FK NUDMyZŋZLDWD1DMZ\ŧV]HLFKZDUWRŋFL3ROVNDRVLćJDZJUXSLHZVNDťQLNyZ FKDUDNWHU\]XMćF\FKLQQRZDFMHLSU]HGVLĕELRUF]RŋþRUD]XZDUXQNRZDQLD/LF]ED DEVROZHQWyZNLHUXQNyZŋFLVã\FKLWHFKQLF]Q\FKQDPLHV]NDĸFyZZJUXSLH ZLHNRZHM²SRF]ćZV]\RGUSR]RVWDãDLMHVWSRZ\ŧHMŋUHGQLHMXQLMQHM 8G]LDãRVyE]Z\NV]WDãFHQLHPZ\ŧV]\PNV]WDãWXMHVLĕQDSR]LRPLHŋUHGQLHM XQLMQHM]HVWDãćWHQGHQFMćZ]URVWRZć:DUXQNLWZRU]HQLDZLHG]\SRJDUV]DMćVLĕ JãyZQLH]HZ]JOĕGXQDVSDGHNSR]LRPXZ\GDWNyZSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZQDEDGDQLD LUR]ZyM]SR]LRPX3.%ZUGRZU:\GDWNLSXEOLF]QH QD%5]PLHQLã\VLĕZQLHZLHONLPVWRSQLX ]3.%ZU

(5) 8G]LDãSUDF %5SURZDG]RQ\FKQDXQLZHUV\WHWDFKL]OHFRQ\FKSU]H]SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZDUyZQLHŧ VLĕ]PQLHMV]\ãFRR]QDF]DŧHSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZDQLH]GHF\GRZDã\VLĕQDRXWVRXU FLQJEDGDĸ&]ĕŋFLRZR]HZ]JOĕGXQDEDUG]RQLVNLSR]LRPZ\GDWNyZQD%5 3ROVND]DMPXMHMHGQR]RVWDWQLFKPLHMVFZ8(SRGZ]JOĕGHPZ\NRU]\VWDQLDSUDZ ZãDVQRŋFLSU]HP\VãRZHM 3ROVNDRVLćJDQDMOHSV]HZ\QLNLSRGZ]JOĕGHPZDUWRŋFLZVNDťQLNyZXG]LDãX FDãNRZLW\FKZ\GDWNyZQDLQQRZDFMHZVSU]HGDŧ\RJyãHPVSU]HGDŧ\QRZ\FK OXE]PRGHUQL]RZDQ\FKZ\UREyZGODU\QNX QHZWRPDUNHW

(6) Z\NV]WDãFHQLDRVyE ZJUXSLHZLHNRZHM²ODWDRUD]QDNãDGyZQD,&7=QDF]QLHJRUV]HVćZ\QLNL SRPLDUXZVNDťQLNyZRVWDWQLHMJUXS\WMZãDVQRŋFLLQWHOHNWXDOQHMOLF]E\VWDã\FK. . (XURSHDQ,QQRYDWLRQ6FRUHERDUG&RPSDUDWLYH$QDO\VLVRI,QQRYDWLRQ3HUIRUPDQFH (XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ'LUHFWRUDWH*HQHUDOIRU(QWHUSULVHDQG,QGXVWU\/X[HPERXUJ)HEUXDU\ .

(7) 47. 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLDZLHONRŋþQDNãDGyZ«. ãćF]\LQWHUQHWRZ\FKILQDQVRZDQLDLQQRZDFML]HŋURGNyZSXEOLF]Q\FKQDNãDGyZ SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZQD%5RUD]HNVSRUWXZ\UREyZZ\VRNLHMWHFKQLNL 2GQRV]ćFVLĕGR]DOHŧQRŋFLPLĕG]\LQQRZDFMDPLDZ]URVWHPJRVSRGDUF]\P QDOHŧ\MHGQR]QDF]QLHVWZLHUG]LþŧHPDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]Z]DMHPQ\PVSU]ĕŧH QLHPF]\QQLNyZNV]WDãWXMćF\FKZ]URVWJRVSRGDUF]\]HZVNDťQLNDPLPDNURHNR QRPLF]Q\PLNWyUH]DUD]HPZDUXQNXMćPRŧOLZRŋFLSDĸVWZDZ]DNUHVLHVNXWHF] QHJRZSã\ZDQLDQDF]\QQLNLZ]URVWX,QQRZDF\MQRŋþMHVWMHGQ\P]NOXF]RZ\FK F]\QQLNyZSU]\F]\QLDMćF\FKVLĕGRZ]URVWXGREURE\WXHNRQRPLF]QHJRNUDMyZ FRZVND]XMHQDGRGDWQLćNRUHODFMĕSRPLĕG]\ZVNDťQLNLHP6XPPDU\,QQRYDWLRQ ,QGH[3D3.%SHUFDSLWDZRGQLHVLHQLXGRU7\ONRZQLHOLF]Q\FKZ\SDGNDFK LQQRZDFMHQLHVćMHG\Q\PVSRVREHPRVLćJQLĕFLD]ZLĕNV]RQHJRSU]\URVWX3.% SU]\NãDGHPPRŧHE\þWXWDM/XNVHPEXUJNWyUHJRZ\VRNL3.%]ZLć]DQ\MHVW]H VSHFMDOL]DFMćZ]DNUHVLHXVãXJILQDQVRZ\FKLDGPLQLVWUDF\MQ\FKRUD]1RUZHJLD NWyUDNRU]\VWD]GXŧ\FK]DVREyZQDWXUDOQ\FK

(8) 7DEHOD:VNDťQLNLLQQRZDF\MQRŋFL3ROVNLSR]RVWDã\FKNUDMyZ8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM RUD]Z\EUDQ\FKNUDMyZŋZLDWDZU :DUWRŋþ ZVNDťQLND GOD3ROVNL. :DUWRŋþ ZVNDťQLND GOD8(. 3R]\FMD3RO VNLZŋUyG NUDMyZ ŋZLDWD. . . . . . . /LF]EDVWDã\FKãćF]\LQWHUQHWRZ\FK ]SU]H SXVWRZRŋFLćFRQDMPQLHM.ELWV

(9) QD PLHV]NDĸFyZ. . . . 8G]LDã

(10) RVyEZNV]WDãFHQLXXVWDZLF]Q\P ZSU]HG]LDOHZLHNRZ\P². . . . Nr . 1D]ZDZVNDťQLND 6Lã\VSUDZF]HLQQRZDFML. /LF]EDDEVROZHQWyZNLHUXQNyZŋFLVã\FK LWHFKQLF]Q\FKQDPLHV]NDĸFyZZJUXSLH ZLHNRZHM² . . 8G]LDã

(11) RVyE]Z\ŧV]\PZ\NV]WDãFHQLHP ZJUXSLHZLHNRZHM². . 1DOHŧ\GRGDþŧHZ\QLNLRGQRV]ćFHVLĕGRSR]\FML3ROVNLQDDUHQLHPLĕG]\QDURGRZHME\ã\E\ EDUG]LHMRELHNW\ZQHJG\E\PRŧQDMHE\ãRSRUyZQ\ZDþZHZV]\VWNLFKNUDMDFKXZ]JOĕGQLDQ\FK ZEDGDQLDFKJG\ŧZZLHOXZ\SDGNDFKQLHPRŧQDE\ãRZ\OLF]\þZVNDťQLNyZ]HZ]JOĕGXQDEUDN GDQ\FK 3. 6,,²6XPPDU\,QQRYDWLRQ,QGH[SXEOLNRZDQ\MHVWZ5DSRUFLHQDWHPDWLQQRZDF\MQRŋFL .RPLVML(XURSHMVNLHM (XURSHDQ,QQRYDWLRQ6FRUHERDUG

(12) WZRU]RQ\MHVWQDED]LHZVNDťQLNyZ GRW\F]ćF\FKZ\NV]WDãFHQLDZ\GDWNyZQD%5SDWHQWyZLQQRZDF\MQRŋFL0Ŋ3ILQDQVRZDQLDLQQR ZDFMLLWS ZZZWUHQGFKDUWRUJ

(13) .

(14) 48. Marek Dziura. FGWDEHOL Nr. 1D]ZDZVNDťQLND. 8G]LDã

(15) RVyEZJUXSLHZLHNRZHM² NWyUHXNRĸF]\ã\HGXNDFMĕFRQDMPQLHMQDSR]LR PLHV]NRã\ŋUHGQLHM . :DUWRŋþ ZVNDťQLND GOD3ROVNL. :DUWRŋþ ZVNDťQLND GOD8(. 3R]\FMD3RO VNLZŋUyG NUDMyZ ŋZLDWD. . . . 7ZRU]HQLHZLHG]\. . 8G]LDãZ\GDWNyZSXEOLF]Q\FKQD%5Z3.% Z

(16). . . . . 8G]LDãZ\GDWNyZSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZQD%5 Z3.% Z

(17). . . . 8G]LDã

(18) Z\GDWNyZQD%5ZSU]HP\ŋOHŋUH GQLRZ\VRNLHMLZ\VRNLHMWHFKQLNLZZ\GDWNDFK QD%5ZSU]HP\ŋOHRJyãHP. . . . 8G]LDã

(19) SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZRWU]\PXMćF\FK SRPRFSXEOLF]QćQDLQQRZDFMHZOLF]ELHSU]HG VLĕELRUVWZRJyãHP. . . . 8G]LDã

(20) Z\GDWNyZQD%5ZV]NRãDFK Z\ŧV]\FKILQDQVRZDQ\FKSU]H]VHNWRUSU\ZDWQ\ ZZ\GDWNDFKV]NyãZ\ŧV]\FKQD%5RJyãHP. ². ². ². 3. ,QQRZDFMHLSU]HGVLĕELRUF]Rŋþ. . 8G]LDã

(21) 0Ŋ3ZSURZDG]DMćF\FKZãDVQHLQQR ZDFMHZRJyOQHMOLF]ELH0Ŋ3. . . . . 8G]LDã

(22) 0Ŋ3NRRSHUXMćF\FKZ]DNUHVLH LQQRZDFMLZRJyOQHMOLF]ELH0Ŋ3. . . . . 8G]LDã

(23) QDNãDGyZQDLQQRZDFMHZZDUWRŋFL VSU]HGDŧ\RJyãHP. . . . 8G]LDã

(24) LQZHVW\FMLYHQWXUHFDSLWDOZSU]HG VLĕZ]LĕFLDEĕGćFHZHZF]HVQ\FKVWDGLDFK UR]ZRMXZ3.%. . . . . . . . . . 8G]LDãZ\GDWNyZ

(25) QD,&7Z3.% 4. :\NRU]\VWDQLHSU]H]0Ŋ3LQQRZDFMLRUJDQL]D F\MQ\FK =DVWRVRZDQLHLQQRZDFMLZSUDNW\FH. . =DWUXGQLHQLHZSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZDFKXVãXJRZ\FK Z\VRNLFKWHFKQLNL. . . . . 8G]LDã

(26) HNVSRUWXZ\UREyZZ\VRNLHMWHFK niki. . . . . . . 8G]LDã

(27) VSU]HGDŧ\QRZ\FKOXE]PRGHUQL]R ZDQ\FKZ\UREyZGODU\QNX QHZWRPDUNHW) ZVSU]HGDŧ\SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZRJyãHP.

(28) 49. 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLDZLHONRŋþQDNãDGyZ« FGWDEHOL :DUWRŋþ ZVNDťQLND GOD3ROVNL. :DUWRŋþ ZVNDťQLND GOD8(. 3R]\FMD3RO VNLZŋUyG NUDMyZ ŋZLDWD. 8G]LDã

(29) VSU]HGDŧ\QRZ\FKOXE]PRGHUQL]R ZDQ\FKZ\UREyZGODSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ QHZWR ILUP

(30) ZVSU]HGDŧ\SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZRJyãHP. . . . 8G]LDã

(31) ]DWUXGQLRQ\FKRVyEZVHNWRUDFK SU]HP\VãXŋUHGQLRZ\VRNLHMLZ\VRNLHMWHFKQLNL ZOLF]ELHRVyE]DWUXGQLRQ\FKZSU]HP\ŋOH LXVãXJDFK. . . . Nr. . 1D]ZDZVNDťQLND. :ãDVQRŋþLQWHOHNWXDOQD. . /LF]EDZ\QDOD]NyZ]JãRV]RQ\FKGRRFKURQ\GR (32QDPLOLRQPLHV]NDĸFyZ. . . . . /LF]EDXG]LHORQ\FKSDWHQWyZSU]H]86372QD PLOLRQPLHV]NDĸFyZ. . . . . /LF]EDW]ZWULDGLFSDWHQWVQDPLOLRQPLHV]NDĸ FyZ. . . . . /LF]EDQRZ\FKZVSyOQRWRZ\FK]QDNyZWRZDUR Z\FKQDPLOLRQPLHV]NDĸFyZ. . . . . /LF]EDQRZ\FKZVSyOQRWRZ\FKZ]RUyZSU]H P\VãRZ\FKQDPLOLRQPLHV]NDĸFyZ. . . . 2EMDŋQLHQLD ,&7²,QIRUPDWLRQDQG7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ7HFKQRORJLHV WHFKQRORJLHLQIRUPDF\MQHLNRPXQLND F\MQH

(32) (32²(XURSHDQ3DWHQW2IILFH86372²8QLWHG6WDWHV3DWHQWDQG7UDGHPDUN2IILFH ŤUyGãR(XURSHDQ,QQRYDWLRQ6FRUHERDUG&RPSDUDWLYH$QDO\VLVRI,QQRYDWLRQ3HUIRUPDQFH (XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ'LUHFWRUDWH*HQHUDOIRU(QWHUSULVHDQG,QGXVWU\/X[HPERXUJ)HEUXDU\ . -DNZ\ND]Dã\EDGDQLDRSXEOLNRZDQHZGRNXPHQFLH.RPLVML(XURSHMVNLHM ²Å&RPSHWLWLYHQHVV5HSRUWµZ]URVWZ\GDWNyZSXEOLF]Q\FKQDEDGDQLD LUR]ZyMRHXUR ZNUDMDFK8(L2(&'

(33) SRZRGXMHGRGDWNRZHZ\GDWNLZNZRFLH HXURQDEDGDQLDLUR]ZyMZVHNWRU]HSU\ZDWQ\P-HGQRF]HŋQLHZ\GDWNL VHNWRUDSXEOLF]QHJRQDEDGDQLDLUR]ZyMPDMćSR]\W\ZQ\LLVWRWQ\ZSã\ZQD ZVNDťQLN]JãRV]HĸSDWHQWRZ\FKSHUFDSLWD 1DMQRZV]HSXEOLNDFMH2(&'L(XURVWDWXGHILQLXMćLQQRZDFMHMDNRZGURŧHQLH QRZHJROXE]QDF]QLHXOHSV]RQHJRSURGXNWX GREUDOXEXVãXJL

(34) SURFHVXQRZHM PHWRG\PDUNHWLQJRZHMOXEQRZHMPHWRG\RUJDQL]DFMLZSUDNW\FHEL]QHVRZHM ZPLHMVFXSUDF\LZVWRVXQNDFK]HZQĕWU]Q\FK . 'HILQLFMDZZHVMLRU\JLQDOQHMEU]PLDQLQQRYDWLRQLVWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIDQHZRU VLJQLILFDQWO\LPSURYHGSURGXFW (JRRGRUVHUYLFH) RUSURFHVVDQHZPDUNHWLQJPHWKRGRUDQHZ.

(35) 50. Marek Dziura. : SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZLH QDVWĕSXMH SU]HFKZ\FHQLH NRU]\ŋFL HNRQRPLF]Q\FK X]\VNDQ\FK]ZGURŧHQLDQRZRŋFLGODWHJRWHŧVWDQRZLRQRFHQWUXPSURFHVXLQQR ZDFML3ROLW\NDLQQRZDF\MQDPXVL]DWHPZSã\QćþQDSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZRNV]WDãWXMćF MHJR]DFKRZDQLHLŋURGRZLVNRZMDNLPG]LDãD,VWQLHMćUyŧQHVSRVRE\ZSURZD G]DQLDLQQRZDFML0RŧHWRE\þZ\QDOD]HNOXEQRZHSRGHMŋFLHGRSURZDG]HQLD G]LDãDOQRŋFLJRVSRGDUF]HM3RZV]HFKQLHVWRVRZDQHVćUyZQLHŧSRMĕFLDLQQRZDFML WHFKQRORJLF]QHMRUJDQL]DF\MQHMPRGHORZHMSUH]HQWDF\MQHM6]\ENRŋþLHIHNW\Z QRŋþXSRZV]HFKQLDQLDLQQRZDFMLZJRVSRGDUFHMHVWLVWRWQDGODZ]URVWXHIHNW\Z QRŋFLJRVSRGDURZDQLDLZ]URVWXJRVSRGDUF]HJR 1DMZLĕNV]\HIHNWJRVSRGDUF]\QLHNRQLHF]QLHSRFKRG]LRGSLRQLHUDZGURŧHQLD OHF]RGWHJRNWRV]\ENRSRV]HGãZMHJRŋODG\LZGURŧ\ãLQQRZDF\MQ\SURMHNW NWyU\RSDQRZDãU\QHNPLĕG]\QDURGRZ\(ZROXFMDNRQFHSFMLLQQRZDFMLRGPRGHOX OLQLRZHJRJG]LHSXQNWHPZ\MŋFLDVćEDGDQLDLUR]ZyMGRPRGHOXV\VWHPRZHJR ZNWyU\PLQQRZDFMDVWDQRZLHIHNWLQWHUDNFMLSRPLĕG]\OXGťPLRUJDQL]DFMDPL DLFKRWRF]HQLHPZ\ND]XMHŧHSROLW\NDLQQRZDF\MQDQLHPRŧHVLĕRJUDQLF]DþGR VDP\FKEDGDĸ ,QQRZDFMDQLHMHVWMHGQRNLHUXQNRZ\PSURFHVHPSRZRGRZDQ\PMHG\QLHSU]H] UR]ZyMQDXNRZ\OHF]PDFKDUDNWHULQWHUDNW\ZQ\]VLOQ\PHOHPHQWHPLQIRUPDFML ]ZURWQHM0RŧQDMćVFKDUDNWHU\]RZDþMDNRSURFHVNXPXODF\MQHJR]GRE\ZDQLD ZLHG]\NWyU\ZZLĕNV]HMF]ĕŋFLSR]RVWDMHSR]DIRUPDOQ\PLG]LDãDQLDPLEDGDZF]R UR]ZRMRZ\PLLZNWyUHMNOXF]RZćUROĕRGJU\ZDMćDVSHNW\RUJDQL]DF\MQH :HGãXJPRGHOXV\VWHPRZHJRQLHW\ONRG]LDãDOQRŋþEDGDZF]RUR]ZRMRZD Z\ZLHUDZSã\ZQDSURFHVLQQRZDF\MQ\ WHFKQRORJLFDOSXVK

(36) DOHPDPLHMVFH WDNŧH]MDZLVNRRGZURWQHW]QG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5E\ZDNV]WDãWRZDQDSU]H]SURFHV LQQRZDF\MQ\ PDUNHWSXOO

(37) :LHOHSUREOHPyZNWyUHG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5PDGR UR]ZLć]DQLDZWRNXWHJRSURFHVXPDVZRMHťUyGãRZLGHDFKLSRP\VãDFKLQQR ZDF\MQ\FKZ\ZRG]ćF\FKVLĕ]LQQ\FKQLŧG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5ťUyGHãQSLQQRZDFMH PRJćSRZVWDZDþZVDPHMRUJDQL]DFMLF]\WHŧPRJćE\þNUHRZDQHSU]H]Xŧ\WNRZ QLNyZGDQHJRSURGXNWXOXERGELRUFyZXVãXJL W]ZXVHUGULYHQLQQRYDWLRQ). RUJDQL]DWLRQDOPHWKRGLQEXVLQHVVSUDFWLFHVZRUNSODFHRUJDQL]DWLRQRUH[WHUQDOUHODWLRQVŤUyGãR 2VOR0DQXDO2(&'U . 6-.OLQHL15RVHQEHUJ$Q2YHUYLHZRI,QQRYDWLRQ7KH3RVLWLYH6XP6WUDWHJ\UHG 5/DQGDXL15RVHQEHUJ7KH1DWLRQDO$FDGHP\3UHVV:DVKLQJWRQ'& . 7DNLHUR]XPLHQLHSURFHVXLQQRZDF\MQHJR]RVWDãRXMĕWHZPRGHOXVWZRU]RQ\PSU]H]0RZH U\·HJRL5RVHQEHUJD0RGHOREHMPXMHGZDJãyZQHW\S\SRZLć]Dĸ3LHUZV]HFKDUDNWHU\]XMHVLĕ SR]LRP\PLSU]HSã\ZDPL]ZURWQ\PLLGRW\F]\LQQRZDFMLZHZQćWU]ILUP\'UXJLFKDUDNWHU\]XMHVLĕ SLRQRZ\PLSRãćF]HQLDPLGRW\F]ćF\PLLQWHUDNFMLPLĕG]\ILUPćDV\VWHPHPQDXNRZRWHFKQLF]Q\P NWyUHJRMHVWF]ĕŋFLćŤUyGãR1HJRFMDFMHZWUDQVIHU]HWHFKQRORJLL81,'2:DUV]DZD . 'HILQLFMHSRMĕþ]]DNUHVXVWDW\VW\NLQDXNLLWHFKQLNL*86:DUV]DZD.

(38) 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLDZLHONRŋþQDNãDGyZ«. 51. 1DZ]URVWLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLJRVSRGDUNLLW\PVDP\PQDGREURE\WVSRãHF]Q\ PDZSã\ZVWUDWHJLDRNUHŋODQDMDNRRSHQLQQRYDWLRQEĕGćFDZĕŧV]\PXMĕFLHP SRGHMŋFLDV\VWHPRZHJR6WUDWHJLDWDSROHJDQD]QDMG\ZDQLXLãćF]HQLXQRZ\FK SRP\VãyZNWyUHVćNRPSOHPHQWDUQHGRLVWQLHMćF\FKMXŧSURMHNWyZEDGDZF]R UR]ZRMRZ\FKRUD]XVXZDQLXEDULHUJHRJUDILF]Q\FKWHFKQRORJLF]Q\FKNWyUH VWDQRZLćSU]HV]NRGĕZUR]ZRMXQRZ\FKSURGXNWyZLU\QNyZ 3U]\MĕFLHSRGHMŋFLDV\VWHPRZHJRR]QDF]DNRQLHF]QRŋþRSUDFRZDQLDLLPSOH PHQWDFMLW]ZNRPSOHNVRZHMSROLW\NLLQQRZDF\MQHM LQQRYDWLRQSROLF\PL[

(39) NWyUHM Z\QLNLHPSRZLQLHQE\þGREyUQDMEDUG]LHMHIHNW\ZQ\FKLQVWUXPHQWyZSROLW\NL LQQRZDF\MQHM ]DFKĕW\ILQDQVRZHEH]SRŋUHGQLHZVSDUFLHGODSU\ZDWQHJRVHNWRUD %5

(40) WDNDE\LQVWUXPHQW\WHZ]DMHPQLHVLĕZ]PDFQLDã\DQLHZ\NOXF]Dã\ HIHNW V\QHUJLL

(41) .RPSOHNVRZDSROLW\NDLQQRZDF\MQDSRZLQQDREHMPRZDþFDã\]DNUHV PRŧOLZ\FKG]LDãDĸPDMćF\FKZSã\ZQDLQQRZDF\MQRŋþJRVSRGDUNL=JRGQLH ]W\PSU]\NV]WDãWRZDQLXSROLW\NLLQQRZDF\MQHMQDOHŧ\EUDþSRGXZDJĕUyŧQR URGQRŋþLQVWUXPHQWyZSRQLHZDŧSR]LRPQDNãDGyZQDEDGDQLDLUR]ZyM]DOHŧ\ RGVSUDZQHJRLG\QDPLF]QHJRV\VWHPXLQQRZDFML,VWQLHMHSRWU]HEDEXGRZDQLD FDãRŋFLRZHJRSRUWIHOD]DZLHUDMćFHJRUyŧQRURGQLHXNLHUXQNRZDQHSDNLHW\LQVWUX PHQWyZZVSDUFLDILQDQVRZHJRLILVNDOQHJRRUD]LQQHLQVWUXPHQW\ZSã\ZDMćFHQD FDãRŋþRWRF]HQLDEL]QHVXQSLQVWUXPHQW\RGQRV]ćFHVLĕGRRJyOQLHUR]XPLDQ\FK ZDUXQNyZPDNURHNRQRPLF]Q\FKRUD]U\QNyZILQDQVRZ\FKLU\QNyZSUDF\ ]PLDQZSROLW\FHNRQNXUHQFMLLQVWUXPHQW\R]QDF]HQLXUHJXODF\MQ\PZSã\ZDMćFH QDLQQRZDFMHKDQGHOLUR]ZyMSU]HP\VãXLQVWUXPHQW\SROLW\NLHGXNDF\MQHMZSã\ ZDMćFHQDOLF]EĕQDXNRZFyZLSU]HGVLĕELRUF]RŋþZVSRãHF]HĸVWZLHLQVWUXPHQW\ ZVSLHUDQLDLQVW\WXFMLQDXNRZ\FKVHNWRUDSXEOLF]QHJR ,QQRZDFMH]DFKRG]ćZSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZDFKNWyUHQDZHWMHŋOLVćSU]HGVLĕELRU VWZDPLJOREDOQ\PLG]LDãDMćSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPZVNDOLORNDOQHMLUHJLRQDOQHM GODWHJRSROLW\NDLQQRZDF\MQDPXVLE\þUyZQLHŧUR]SDWU\ZDQDZDVSHNFLHUHJLR QDOQ\P*ãyZQćUROćSROLW\NLLQQRZDF\MQHM]PLHU]DMćFHMGR]ZLĕNV]HQLDSRWHQ FMDãXLQQRZDF\MQHJRUHJLRQyZL]GROQRŋFL0Ŋ3GRZSURZDG]DQLDLQQRZDFML SRZLQQRE\þZVSLHUDQLHWUDQVIHUXZLHG]\LEXGRZDQLHZLĕ]LSRPLĕG]\SU]HG VLĕELRUVWZDPLDLQQ\PLXF]HVWQLNDPLSURFHVyZLQQRZDF\MQ\FK7RZSã\ZDQD NRQLHF]QRŋþEXGRZ\LQWHUDNW\ZQHJRPRGHOXSROLW\NLLQQRZDF\MQHMQDSR]LRPLH NUDMRZ\PLUHJLRQDOQ\P.OXF]RZH]QDF]HQLHPDIDNWŧHQLHLVWQLHMHXQLZHUVDOQD SROLW\NDLQQRZDF\MQD5yŧQLFHZSRWHQFMDOHUHJLRQyZZ\PDJDMćLQG\ZLGXDO QHJRGRERUX]HVWDZXLQVWUXPHQWyZSROLW\NLLQQRZDF\MQHM:3ROVFHZODWDFK . %DGDQLDQDXNRZFyZ]8QLZHUV\WHWXZ0DDVWULFKW &1DXZHODHUV5:LQWMHV60(3ROLF\ DQGWKH5HJLRQDO'LPHQVLRQRI,QQRYDWLRQ7RZDUGVD1HZ3DUDGLJPIRU,QQRYDWLRQ3ROLF\" 8QLYHUVLW\RI0DDVWULFKW

(42) REHMPXMćFHLQVWUXPHQWyZSROLW\NLLQQRZDF\MQHMZHXURSHMVNLFK UHJLRQDFKZVND]XMćQDNRQLHF]QRŋþXZ\SXNOHQLDNRQWHNVWXUHJLRQDOQHJRZNUHRZDQLXSROLW\NL LQQRZDF\MQHMZREHFPDã\FKLŋUHGQLFKSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ.

(43) 52. Marek Dziura. ²URODUHJLRQyZZWZRU]HQLXZDUXQNyZGRUR]ZRMXSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ LQQRZDF\MQ\FKSRZLQQDURVQćþ 3DPLĕWDþQDOHŧ\UyZQLHŧŧHZZ\QLNXLQQRZDFMLSRZVWDMćQRZHPLHMVFD SUDF\2EHFQLHZNUDMDFKZ\VRNRXSU]HP\VãRZLRQ\FK]ZLĕNV]HQLHHIHNW\ZQRŋFL SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZQDVWĕSXMHSRSU]H]LQQRZDFMHLQLHNRQZHQFMRQDOQHZ\NRU]\VW\ ZDQLH]DVREyZZLHG]\1RZRF]HVQHJRVSRGDUNLF]HUSLćFNRU]\ŋFL]HNVSDQVML QDSĕG]DQHM]DVWRVRZDQLDPLQDMQRZV]\FKWHFKQRORJLLWZRU]ćQRZHPLHMVFDSUDF\ ]ZLć]DQH]SRZVWDZDQLHPQRZ\FKURG]DMyZXVãXJZVIHU]HSURGXNFMLLV]HURNR UR]XPLDQHMNRQVXPSFML3U]\NãDGRZRWHFKQRORJLHLQIRUPDF\MQHLNRPXQLNDF\MQH VćF]\QQLNLHPVLOQLHVW\PXOXMćF\PZ]URVWJRVSRGDUF]\L]DWUXGQLHQLH3U]\ F]\QLDMćVLĕRQHZGRZ]URVWX3.%LZGRZ]URVWXSURGXNW\ZQRŋFL Z8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM5yŧQLFHZ\QLNyZJRVSRGDUF]\FKSRPLĕG]\NUDMDPLXSU]H P\VãRZLRQ\PLPRŧQDZGXŧHMPLHU]HZ\WãXPDF]\þVWRSQLHPLQZHVW\FMLZWHFK QRORJLHLQIRUPDF\MQHLNRPXQLNDF\MQHSURZDG]RQ\PLZW\P]DNUHVLHEDGDQLDPL L]DNUHVHPLFKVWRVRZDQLDRUD]VWRSQLHPNRQNXUHQF\MQRŋFLVHNWRUyZJRVSRGDUNL ]ZLć]DQ\FK]HVSRãHF]HĸVWZHPLQIRUPDF\MQ\PLPHGLDPL ,QQRZDF\MQRŋþMHVWMHGQ\P]NOXF]RZ\FKF]\QQLNyZZ]URVWXGREURE\WX HNRQRPLF]QHJRNUDMyZ3U]HGVLĕELRUVWZDNWyUHLPSOHPHQWXMćLQQRZDFMHVć]GHF\ GRZDQLHEDUG]LHMUHQWRZQHRGW\FKNWyUHQLHSRQRV]ćQDNãDGyZQDLQQRZDFMH -HGQRF]HŋQLHZ]URVWLFKGRFKRGyZZSã\ZDQDZ]URVW]DPRŧQRŋFLRE\ZDWHOL QDSRSUDZĕLFKMDNRŋFLŧ\FLDRUD]GRVWĕSQRŋFLGRQRZ\FKSURGXNWyZLXVãXJ ,QQRZDFMHSU]\F]\QLćVLĕUyZQLHŧGR]PQLHMV]HQLDEH]URERFLDJG\ŧQRZRF]HVQH JRVSRGDUNLF]HUSLćFNRU]\ŋFL]HNVSDQVMLQDSĕG]DQHM]DVWRVRZDQLDPLQRZ\FK LLQQRZDF\MQ\FKWHFKQRORJLLWZRU]ćQRZHPLHMVFDSUDF\]ZLć]DQH]SRZVWDZD QLHPQRZ\FKURG]DMyZXVãXJZVIHU]HSURGXNFMLLV]HURNRUR]XPLDQHMNRQVXPSFML %DUG]LHMLQQRZDF\MQDJRVSRGDUNDRIHUXMHZLĕFHMV]DQVUR]ZRMRZ\FKGODPãRGHJR SRNROHQLDKDPXMHZLĕFRGSã\ZZ\VRNRZ\NZDOLILNRZDQHMNDGU\ ,QQRZDF\MQRĂÊLQDNïDG\QDG]LDïDOQRĂÊ%5ZNUDMDFK 8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM 6WRSLHĸLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLSROVNLHJRSU]HP\VãXLJRVSRGDUNLSR]RVWDMHQDGDO VWRVXQNRZRQLVNLFRZ\UDŧDVLĕMHGQ\P]QDMQLŧV]\FKZVNDťQLNyZLQQRZDF\M QRŋFLZ(XURSLH8WU]\P\ZDQLHVLĕWHJRVWDQXZGãXŧV]\PRNUHVLHR]QDF]DþPRŧH ]GXŧ\PSUDZGRSRGRELHĸVWZHPSRJRUV]HQLHSR]\FMLNRQNXUHQF\MQHMSROVNLFK SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZZSU]\V]ãRŋFL$NWXDOQLHW\ONRQLHZLHONLRGVHWHNSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ Z3ROVFHPRŧH]RVWDþ]DOLF]RQ\GRJUXS\LQQRZDF\MQ\FKMHGQRF]HŋQLH3ROVNDPD . :VNDťQLNLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLRNUHŋODXG]LDãZEDGDQHMSRSXODFMLSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZSU]HP\VãR Z\FKNWyUHZRNUHVLHOHWQLPZSURZDG]Lã\LQQRZDFMHWHFKQLF]QH.

(44) 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLDZLHONRŋþQDNãDGyZ«. 53. MHGHQ]QDMQLŧV]\FKZVNDťQLNyZXG]LDãXZ\GDWNyZQDEDGDQLDLUR]ZyMZNUDMDFK 8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM3RZV]HFKQLH]QDQ\PSUREOHPHPMHVWQLHZ\VWDUF]DMćFDZVSyã SUDFDŋURGRZLVNJRVSRGDUF]\FKLQDXNRZ\FKQLVNDOLF]EDZGURŧHĸQRZ\FKWHFK QRORJLLLQLVNDOLF]EDQRZ\FKSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZWZRU]RQ\FKQDSRGVWDZLHQRZ\FK WHFKQRORJLL-HGQRF]HŋQLHW\ONRRNRãRSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZGRVWU]HJDZVZRLFK VWUDWHJLDFKUR]ZRMXLQQRZDFMHMDNRťUyGãRSU]\V]ãHMSU]HZDJLNRQNXUHQF\MQHM :ŋUyGSRZRGyZQLHZSURZDG]DQLDLQQRZDFMLZSROVNLFKSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZDFK Z\PLHQLDVLĕMDNRQDMZDŧQLHMV]H ² EUDNŋURGNyZILQDQVRZ\FKQDWHJRW\SXQDNãDG\ ² VSHF\ILNDU\QNXQLHZ\PDJDWHJRW\SXQDNãDGyZ ² VSHF\ILNDSURGXNWXXVãXJLQLHZ\PDJDSRQRV]HQLDQDNãDGyZ ² EUDNGRVWĕSXGR]HZQĕWU]Q\FKťUyGHãILQDQVRZ\FK ² EUDNGRVWĕSXGR]HZQĕWU]QHJRNQRZKRZ ² EUDNZ\NZDOLILNRZDQHMNDGU\ ² EUDNLQIUDVWUXNWXU\WHFKQLF]QHMGRZSURZDG]DQLDUR]ZLć]DĸLQQRZDF\MQ\FK ² inne -DNZ\QLND]EDGDĸSU]HSURZDG]RQ\FKSU]H]3ROVNć$JHQFMĕ5R]ZRMX3U]HG VLĕELRUF]RŋFLZZDUXQNDFKSROVNLFKSR]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLZSã\ZDEH]SR ŋUHGQLRQDUHQWRZQRŋþSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZD3U]HGVLĕELRUVWZDLQQRZDF\MQHVć]GHF\ GRZDQLHEDUG]LHMUHQWRZQHRGW\FKNWyUHQLHSRQRV]ćQDNãDGyZQDLQQRZDFMH =ZLć]HNWDNLLVWQLHMHUyZQLHŧZLQQ\FKUR]ZLQLĕW\FKJRVSRGDUNDFKDZV]F]HJyO QRŋFLGRW\F]\SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZG]LDãDMćF\FKZVHNWRUDFKZ\VRNLHMWHFKQLNLRGXŧHM ZDUWRŋFLGRGDQHM -HGQRF]HŋQLHXWU]\PXMćVLĕEDULHU\XWUXGQLDMćFHSU]HGVLĕELRUFRPZW\P V]F]HJyOQLHPDã\PLŋUHGQLPZSURZDG]DQLHUR]ZLć]DĸLQQRZDF\MQ\FK=DOLF]\þ GRQLFKPLQQDOHŧ\Z\VRNLHNRV]W\RSUDFRZDQLDLZGURŧHQLDLQQRZDFML]QDF]QLH SU]HNUDF]DMćFHPRŧOLZRŋFLNDSLWDãRZHZLĕNV]RŋFLSU]HGVLĕELRUFyZ]XWUXGQLRQ\P GRVWĕSHPGR]HZQĕWU]Q\FKťUyGHãILQDQVRZDQLDVãDERUR]ZLQLĕWćLQIUDVWUXNWXUĕ NRPHUFMDOL]DFMLZ\QLNyZSUDF%5]E\WZ\VRNLHU\]\NR]ZLć]DQH]LQZHVWRZD QLHPZQRZHWHFKQRORJLHLWZRU]HQLHPQRZ\FKSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZZ\NRU]\VWXMćF\FK WHWHFKQRORJLH 6\VWHP EDGDĸ VWDW\VW\F]Q\FK G]LDãDOQRŋFL LQQRZDF\MQHM SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ ZSU]HP\ŋOH RSDUW\QDPHWRGRORJLLEDGDĸVWDW\VW\F]Q\FKRSUDFRZDQ\FKSU]H] 2(&'L(XURVWDWLSURZDG]RQ\FKSU]H]*86

(45) VNãDGDVLĕ]GZyFKURG]DMyZVNUy FRQHJREDGDQLDURF]QHJRNWyUHREHMPXMHMHGQRVWNL]DWUXGQLDMćFHSRZ\ŧHMRVyE . 06WDUF]HZVND.U]\V]WRV]HN.RQNXUHQF\MQRŋþPDã\FKLŋUHGQLFKSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZUDSRUW ]EDGDĸ0RQLWRULQJNRQG\FMLVHNWRUD0Ŋ33ROVND.RQIHGHUDFMD3UDFRGDZFyZ3U\ZDWQ\FK Å/HZLDWDQµ:DUV]DZDPDMU . 5DSRUW:\QLNLEDGDĸLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLSROVNLFKPDã\FKLŋUHGQLHMZLHONRŋFLSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ 3ROVND$JHQFMD5R]ZRMX3U]HGVLĕELRUF]RŋFL:DUV]DZDOLSLHFU.

(46) 54. Marek Dziura. RUD]SRV]HU]RQHJREDGDQLDF\NOLF]QHJRZUDPDFKNROHMQ\FKUXQGPLĕG]\QDUR GRZHJRSURJUDPXEDGDZF]HJR&,6 &RPPXQLW\,QQRYDWLRQ6XUYH\

(47) 'RW\FK F]DVRGE\ã\VLĕWU]\UXQG\WDNLFKEDGDĸLREHMPRZDã\RQHRNUHV\² ²RUD]²%DGDQLHZUDPDFK&,6REHMPXMHUyZQLHŧSRGPLRW\ JRVSRGDUF]H]DWUXGQLDMćFHSRZ\ŧHMRVyE 7DEHOD/LF]EDLVWUXNWXUD]ELRURZRŋFLSRGPLRWyZSURZDG]ćF\FKG]LDãDOQRŋþ LQQRZDF\MQćZ3ROVFHLQDNãDG\SU]H]QDF]RQHQDMHMUR]ZyMZODWDFK² :\V]F]HJyOQLHQLH /LF]EDSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZRJyãHP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1DNãDG\SU]\SDGDMćFHQDSU]HGVLĕELRU VWZRSURZDG]ćFHG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZD F\MQć ZW\V]ãFHQ\ELHŧćFH

(48) . . . . . . 1DNãDG\QDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQć RJyãHPZSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZDFKSU]HP\VãR Z\FK ZPOQ]ãFHQ\ELHŧćFH

(49). . . . . 8G]LDãSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZVHNWRUDSU\ZDW QHJR Z

(50) 8G]LDãSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZROLF]ELH]DWUXG QLRQ\FK Z

(51) ² RGGR ² RGGR ² SRZ\ŧHM 8G]LDãSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZNWyUHSURZDG]Lã\ G]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQćW]QSRQLRVã\ QDNãDG\QDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQć Z

(52). ŤUyGãR1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZLZU*86:DUV]DZD . :\QLNLZ\PLHQLRQ\FKEDGDĸZVND]XMćŧHZVNDťQLNLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLRNUHŋOD MćF\XG]LDãSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZLQQRZDF\MQ\FKZSRSXODFMLEDGDQ\FKSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ SU]HP\VãRZ\FK]PQLHMV]\ãVLĕ]ZODWDFK²GRRNRãRGOD RNUHVX²7DN]QDF]QH]PQLHMV]HQLHZVNDťQLNDE\ãRZSHZQ\PVWRSQLX VSRZRGRZDQHGRVWRVRZDQLHPPHWRG\NLNUDMRZHMGRPLĕG]\QDURGRZHMSRSU]H] Z\ãćF]HQLHLQQRZDFMLRUJDQL]DF\MQRWHFKQLF]Q\FK]RJyOQHJRNDWDORJXLQQRZDFML DWDNŧHRVãDELHQLHPNRQLXQNWXU\JRVSRGDUF]HML]ZLć]DQ\P]W\PVSDGNLHP QDNãDGyZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKZSU]HP\ŋOH'ODSRUyZQDQLDZNUDMDFK8(ZDUWRŋþ DQDOL]RZDQHJRZVNDťQLNDZ\QRVLãDŋUHGQLRRNRãR&KDUDNWHU\VW\Nĕ]ELRUR ZRŋFLSRGPLRWyZSURZDG]ćF\FKG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQćZODWDFK² SU]HGVWDZLDMćGDQH]DPLHV]F]RQHZWDEHOL1DXZDJĕ]DVãXJXMHXWU]\PXMćF\VLĕ SUDZLHVWDã\SR]LRPQDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQćZEDGDQ\PRNUHVLH.

(53) 55. 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLDZLHONRŋþQDNãDGyZ«. Z\QRV]ćF\ŋUHGQLRRNRãRW\V]ãZSU]HOLF]HQLXQDMHGQRSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZR 3R]\W\ZQćWHQGHQFMĕRGQRWRZDQRMHG\QLHFRGRQDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZD F\MQćRJyãHPSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ:DQDOL]RZDQ\PRNUHVLHZ]URVã\RQH] POQ]ãZUGRSR]LRPXPOQ]ãZU 6WUXNWXUDQDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQćZHGãXJMHMURG]DMyZZSU]HG VLĕELRUVWZDFKSU]HP\VãRZ\FKMHVWQDGDOQLHNRU]\VWQD3RZ]URŋFLHRSUDZLHSNW SURFHQWRZHZUXG]LDãyZQDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþEDGDZF]RUR]ZRMRZć NWyUHMUH]XOWDW\VćSRGVWDZRZ\PťUyGãHPQDMLVWRWQLHMV]\FKUR]ZLć]DĸLQQRZDF\M Q\FK]PDODã\RQHSUDZLHRSNWSURFHQWRZHZU:UQDVWćSLã]QyZ LFKZ]URVWRSNWSURFHQWRZHDZULFKXG]LDãSUDNW\F]QLHSR]RVWDãQD QLH]PLHQLRQ\PSR]LRPLH3RGREQHWHQGHQFMHZ\ND]\ZDã\]PLDQ\XG]LDãXZVNDť QLNyZZ\GDWNyZQD]DNXSJRWRZHMWHFKQRORJLLZSRVWDFLGRNXPHQWDFMLLSUDZ Z]URVWZULJZDãWRZQH]PQLHMV]HQLHZRVWDWQLFKWU]HFKODWDFKDQDOL]RZD QHJRRNUHVX

(54) :DUWRŋþZ\PLHQLRQ\FKZ\GDWNyZMHVWEDUG]RPDãDZSRUyZQDQLX ]NUDMDPL8('RPLQXMćFćSR]\FMĕZVWUXNWXU]HQDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQR ZDF\MQćZHGãXJURG]DMyZG]LDãDOQRŋFLLQQRZDF\MQHMZ3ROVFHVWDQRZLćQDNãDG\ LQZHVW\F\MQHQDPDV]\Q\LXU]ćG]HQLDWHFKQLF]QH ZDKDQLDRGZU SRSU]H]Z]URVWZUGRDŧGRZU

(55) RUD]QDNãDG\LQZH VW\F\MQHQDEXG\QNLLEXGRZOH ZUVSDGHNGRZURUD] Z]URVWGRSR]LRPXZU

(56) =PLDQ\ZVWUXNWXU]HQDNãDGyZLQZHVW\F\M Q\FKQDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQćV]F]HJyãRZRFKDUDNWHU\]XMćGDQH]DPLHV]F]RQH ZWDEHOL 7DEHOD6WUXNWXUDQDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQćZHGãXJURG]DMyZG]LDãDOQRŋFL LQQRZDF\MQHMZ3ROVFHZODWDFK² Z

(57) :\V]F]HJyOQLHQLH ']LDãDOQRŋþEDGDZF]RUR]ZRMRZD 6]NROHQLHSHUVRQHOX]ZLć]DQH]G]LDãDOQRŋFLć LQQRZDF\MQć 0DUNHWLQJGRW\F]ćF\QRZ\FKL]PRGHUQL]RZD Q\FKZ\UREyZ 1DNãDG\LQZHVW\F\MQHQDEXG\QNLLEXGRZOH 1DNãDG\LQZHVW\F\MQHQDPDV]\Q\LXU]ćG]HQLD WHFKQLF]QH =DNXSJRWRZHMWHFKQRORJLLZSRVWDFLGRNXPHQ WDFMLLSUDZ 3R]RVWDãHQDNãDG\ Razem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ŤUyGãR1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZLZU*86:DUV]DZD %DGDQLHGRW\F]\ãRSRGPLRWyZJRVSRGDUF]\FKZNWyU\FKOLF]EDSUDFXMćF\FKSU]HNUD F]DRVyE.

(58) 56. Marek Dziura. :VWUXNWXU]HQDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQćZHGãXJťUyGHãLFKILQDQ VRZDQLDGRPLQXMHLZ\ND]XMHWHQGHQFMĕZ]URVWRZćZVNDťQLNXG]LDãXŋURGNyZ ZãDVQ\FKSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ-HGQDNZ]URVWWHJRZVNDťQLNDMHVWZ\UDťQLH]ZLć]DQ\ ]HVSDGNLHPZDUWRŋFLQDNãDGyZ]HťUyGHãSR]RVWDã\FKFRZVND]XMHSUDZGRSR GREQLHQD]PLDQĕVSRVREXNZDOLILNRZDQLDŋURGNyZ1DXZDJĕ]DVãXJXMHXZ]JOĕG QLHQLHŋURGNyZSRFKRG]ćF\FK]IXQGXV]\NDSLWDãXU\]\ND YHQWXUHFDSLWDO

(59) SU]\ F]\PXG]LDãWHQMHVWQDGDOPLQLPDOQ\ WDEHOD

(60) 7DEHOD6WUXNWXUDQDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQćZSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZDFK SU]HP\VãRZ\FKZHGãXJťUyGHãILQDQVRZDQLDZ3ROVFHZODWDFK² Z

(61) :\V]F]HJyOQLHQLH. . . . . . . ŊURGNLZãDVQH. . . . . . . .UHG\W\EDQNRZH. . . . . . . ŊURGNLSR]\VNDQH]]DJUDQLF\ ZIRUPLHEH] ]ZURWQHM

(62). . . . . . . ŊURGNLRWU]\PDQH]EXGŧHWXSDĸVWZD. . . . . . . ·. ·. . . ·. . . . . . . . ŊURGNLSRFKRG]ćFH]IXQGXV]\YHQWXUHFDSLWDO 3R]RVWDãH Razem. . ŤUyGãR1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZLZU*86:DUV]DZD %DGDQLHGRW\F]\ãRSRGPLRWyZJRVSRGDUF]\FKZNWyU\FKOLF]EDSUDFXMćF\FKSU]HNUD F]DRVyE. 3RQLHZDŧGDQHVWDW\VW\F]QHGRW\F]ćFHVWUXNWXU\LťUyGHãQDNãDGyZQDG]LD ãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQćZNUDMDFK8(QLHVćGRVWĕSQHSRUyZQ\ZDOQHGDQHGRW\F]ć VWURQ\Z\QLNRZHM:HGãXJ(XURSHDQ,QQRYDWLRQ6FRUHERDUGXG]LDã0Ŋ3 ZSURZDG]DMćF\FKZãDVQHLQQRZDFMHZRJyOQHMOLF]ELH0Ŋ3Z\QRVLãZ3ROVFH ZHGãXJEDGDQLDVWDW\VW\F]QHJR&,6

(63) 'ODSRUyZQDQLDZ\QRVLã XG]LDã0Ŋ3ZSURZDG]DMćF\FKZãDVQHLQQRZDFMHZRJyOQHMOLF]ELH0Ŋ3GOD $XVWULLGOD'DQLL²-HGQH]QDMVãDEV]\FKZ\QLNyZRGQRWRZDã\:ĕJU\² RUD]âRWZDL6ãRZHQLD²3RQLH]QDF]Q\PZ]URŋFLHZUGR SR]LRPXXG]LDãXSURGXNFMLVSU]HGDQHMZ\UREyZQRZ\FKL]PRGHUQL]RZD Q\FKZSURGXNFMLVSU]HGDQHMZ\UREyZZSU]HP\ŋOHZ3ROVFHZUQDVWćSLãR MHJR]PQLHMV]HQLHGR:SRSU]HGQLFKODWDFKXG]LDãWHQZ\QRVLã U

(64) L U

(65) 8ZDJĕ]ZUDFDXWU]\P\ZDQLHVLĕQDSRGZ\ŧV]RQ\P SR]LRPLH ZU

(66) SRZ]URŋFLH]SR]LRPXZUZLHONRŋFL Z\UREyZVSU]HGDQ\FK]DJUDQLFĕ:UXG]LDãSURGXNFMLVSU]HGDQHM]D JUDQLFĕZ\UREyZQRZ\FKL]PRGHUQL]RZDQ\FKZSURGXNFMLVSU]HGDQHMZ\UREyZ ZSU]HP\ŋOHZ\QLyVã:UQLHQDVWćSLã\LVWRWQLHMV]H]PLDQ\ZVWUXN WXU]HSURGXNFMLVSU]HGDQHMZVHNFMLÅSU]HWZyUVWZRSU]HP\VãRZHµ ZSRGPLRWDFK.

(67) 57. 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLDZLHONRŋþQDNãDGyZ«. R]DWUXGQLHQLXZLĕNV]\PQLŧRVyE

(68) ZHGãXJSR]LRPyZWHFKQLNL2GQRWRZDþ QDOHŧ\XWU]\P\ZDQLHVLĕSUDNW\F]QLHQDW\PVDP\PSR]LRPLHSURGXNFMLVSU]H GDQHMZ\VRNLHMWHFKQLNL:VNDťQLNLSURGXNFMLVSU]HGDQHMQLVNLHMWHFKQLNL]QDF]QLH ]PDODã\QDWRPLDVWZ]URVã\ZVNDťQLNLXG]LDãXSURGXNFMLVSU]HGDQHMZ\WZDU]DQHM ]DSRPRFćŋUHGQLRZ\VRNLHMLŋUHGQLRQLVNLHMWHFKQLNLSURGXNFML WDEHOD

(69) 7DEHOD6WUXNWXUDSURGXNFMLVSU]HGDQHMVHNFMLSU]HWZyUVWZDSU]HP\VãRZHJRZ3ROVFH ZHGãXJSR]LRPyZMHMWHFKQLNLZODWDFK² :\V]F]HJyOQLHQLH. . . . . . . . . . . . . ŊUHGQLRZ\VRNDWHFKQLND. . . . . . . ŊUHGQLRQLVNDWHFKQLND. . . . . . . 1LVNDWHFKQLND. . . . . . . :\VRNDWHFKQLND. Razem. . ŤUyGãR1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZLZU*86:DUV]DZD . 8G]LDãVSU]HGDŧ\QRZ\FKOXE]PRGHUQL]RZDQ\FKZ\UREyZGODU\QNX QHZWR PDUNHW

(70) ZVSU]HGDŧ\SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZRJyãHPZ\QLyVãZ3ROVFH]JRGQLH]GDQ\PL (XURSHDQ,QQRYDWLRQ6FRUHERDUG &,6OLJKW

(71) QDWRPLDVWWHVDPHGDQH ZRGQLHVLHQLXGRNUDMyZ8QLL(XURSHMVNLHMZ\QRVLã\GOD6ãRZDFML GOD3RUWXJDOLLGOD)LQODQGLLRUD]GOD:ĕJLHU8G]LDãVSU]HGDŧ\QRZ\FK OXE]PRGHUQL]RZDQ\FKZ\UREyZGODSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ QHZWRILUP

(72) ZVSU]HGDŧ\ SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZRJyãHP (,6

(73) NV]WDãWRZDãVLĕGOD3ROVNLQDSR]LRPLH SRGF]DVJG\Z'DQLLZ1LHPF]HFK-HGHQ]QDMQLŧV]\FKXG]LDãyZ VSU]HGDŧ\QRZ\FKOXE]PRGHUQL]RZDQ\FKZ\UREyZSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZRGQRWRZDQR ZJRVSRGDUFH:ĕJLHU²LZ+RODQGLL² 3URFHV\LQQRZDF\MQHZSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZDFKVćWDNPLHU]RQHMDNSURFHV\LQQR ZDF\MQHZLFKRWRF]HQLX'RSRGVWDZRZ\FKZVNDťQLNyZZW\P]DNUHVLH]DOLF]D VLĕPLQXG]LDãQDNãDGyZEUXWWRQDG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5Z3.%ELODQVSãDWQLF]\ ZG]LHG]LQLHWHFKQLNLKDQGHOZ\UREDPLZ\VRNLHMWHFKQLNLJRVSRGDUNLGDQHJR NUDMX]]DJUDQLFćRUD]OLF]EDZ\QDOD]NyZ]JãRV]RQ\FKGRRFKURQ\ :UZDUWRŋþQDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5ZFHQDFKELHŧćF\FKZ]URVãD ZVWRVXQNXGR]EOLŧRQHJRSR]LRPX]ODW²-HGQRF]HŋQLHZVNDťQLN UHODFMLQDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5GR3.%SRVSDGNX]ODW²Z]UyVã QLH]QDF]QLHGRSR]LRPX:]URVWWHQE\ãZ\QLNLHPJãyZQLHXWU]\PXMćFHM VLĕWHQGHQFMLZ]URVWXQDNãDGyZSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZSU]H]QDF]DQ\FKQDSUDFH%5 7HQGHQFMĕWĕFKDUDNWHU\]XMćGDQH]DPLHV]F]RQHZWDEHOL.

(74) 58. Marek Dziura. 7DEHOD1DNãDG\LQZHVW\F\MQHZHZQĕWU]QHQDG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5ZHGãXJVHNWRUyZ LQVW\WXFMRQDOQ\FKLRJyãHPZUHODFMLGR3.% Z

(75) Z3ROVFHZODWDFK² :\V]F]HJyOQLHQLH 1DNãDG\RJyãHP. . 1DNãDG\SU]HGVLĕ ELRUVWZ. . 1DNãDG\EXGŧH WRZH. . . . . . . . . 1DNãDG\SR]RVWDãH ŤUyGãR1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZLZU*86:DUV]DZD . 3RUyZQXMćFZVNDťQLNUHODFMLQDNãDGyZQD%5GR3.%Z3ROVFH]HZVNDťQL NDPLNUDMyZ8(L2(&' ZU²8(²8(²:LHOND%U\ WDQLD²+LV]SDQLD²

(76) PRŧQDVWZLHUG]LþŧH3ROVNDZ\SDGDSRGW\P Z]JOĕGHPEDUG]RQLHNRU]\VWQLH5yZQLHŧQDWOHNUDMyZNWyUH]RVWDã\ZU ZãDŋQLHF]ãRQNDPL8(3ROVNDQLHZ\SDGDSRGW\PZ]JOĕGHPNRU]\VWQLH ZU RGSRZLHGQLHGDQHZ\QRVLã\GOD&]HFK²:ĕJLHU²

(77) :3ROVFHXG]LDãŋURGNyZEXGŧHWRZ\FKZQDNãDGDFKRJyãHPSU]H]QDF]RQ\FK QDG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5Z\QRVLãZU ZU²ZU

(78) %\ãRQ]GHF\GRZDQLHPQLHMV]\QLŧSU]HFLĕWQ\ZVNDťQLNXG]LDãXZNUDMDFK2(&' ZNWyU\FKZ\QRVLãRNRãRZUDZNUDMDFK8(ZURNRãR = RGZURWQć WHQGHQFMć PDP\ GR F]\QLHQLD Z Z\SDGNX XG]LDãX ŋURGNyZ SRGPLRWyZJRVSRGDUF]\FKZQDNãDGDFKRJyãHPSU]H]QDF]RQ\FKQDG]LDãDOQRŋþ %5:3ROVFHZUXG]LDãW\FKŋURGNyZZQDNãDGDFKRJyãHPZ\QLyVã SRGF]DVJG\ZU:UXG]LDãŋURGNyZSRGPLRWyZ JRVSRGDUF]\FKZ\QRVLãSU]HFLĕWQLHZNUDMDFK2(&'DZNUDMDFK8( ZU² :ODWDFK²QLHZ\VWćSLã\Z\UDťQHSR]\W\ZQH]PLDQ\ZVWUXNWXU]H QDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5ZHGãXJURG]DMyZEDGDĸ2GGãXŧV]HJRF]DVXXG]LDã EDGDĸSRGVWDZRZ\FKZWHMVWUXNWXU]HXWU]\PXMHVLĕQDZ\VRNLPSR]LRPLH-HGQR F]HŋQLH]PQLHMV]\ãVLĕZVNDťQLNXG]LDãXEDGDĸVWRVRZDQ\FKL]QDF]QLHZ]UyVã XG]LDãSUDFUR]ZRMRZ\FK 8G]LDãSUDFUR]ZRMRZ\FKZQDNãDGDFKQDG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5WUDNWRZDQ\MHVW MDNRPLHUQLNW]ZEOLVNRŋFLGRU\QNXG]LDãDOQRŋFL%5ZGDQ\PNUDMX6WDQ\ =MHGQRF]RQH -DSRQLD L .RUHD ]DOLF]DQH Vć GR JUXS\ SDĸVWZ R QDMZ\ŧV]\P . 5RF]QLN6WDW\VW\F]Q\5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM3ROVNLHM*86:DUV]DZD. . 6FLHQFH7HFKQRORJ\DQG,QGXVWU\2XWORRN2(&'3DULV.

(79) 59. 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLDZLHONRŋþQDNãDGyZ«. SR]LRPLHEOLVNRŋFLVIHU\%5GRU\QNX:Z\PLHQLRQ\FKNUDMDFKZU XG]LDãZ\GDWNyZQDEDGDQLDSRGVWDZRZHZQDNãDGDFKELHŧćF\FKQD%5Z\QRVLã RGSRZLHGQLRL:NUDMDFKRZ\VRNLPSR]LRPLHUR]ZRMX ZVWUXNWXU]HQDNãDGyZQD%5GRPLQXMćQDNãDG\QDSUDFHUR]ZRMRZHLEDGDQLD VWRVRZDQH 7DEHOD6WUXNWXUDQDNãDGyZELHŧćF\FKQDG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5Z3ROVFHZHGãXJURG]DMyZ EDGDĸZODWDFK² Z

(80) :\V]F]HJyOQLHQLH. . . . . . . %DGDQLDSRGVWDZRZH. . . . . . . %DGDQLDVWRVRZDQH. . . . . . . 3UDFHUR]ZRMRZH. . . . . . . Razem. . ŤUyGãR1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZLZU*86:DUV]DZD . 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLJRVSRGDUNLGREU]HRG]ZLHUFLHGODXG]LDãLPSRUWX LHNVSRUWXZ\VRNLHMWHFKQLNL QDSRGVWDZLHOLVW\G]LHG]LQRZHM2(&']U

(81) ZLPSRUFLHLHNVSRUFLHRJyãHP WDEHOD

(82) 7DEHOD8G]LDãLPSRUWXLHNVSRUWXZ\UREyZZ\VRNLHMWHFKQLNLZLPSRUFLHLHNVSRUFLH RJyãHPZODWDFK² :\V]F]HJyOQLHQLH. . . . . . . ,PSRUW. . . . . . . (NVSRUW. . . . . . . ŤUyGãR1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZLZU*86:DUV]DZD . 8G]LDãHNVSRUWXZ\UREyZZ\VRNLHMWHFKQLNLZREURWDFKKDQGOX]DJUDQLF]QHJR XWU]\PXMHVLĕRGSRF]ćWNXODWXELHJãHJRVWXOHFLDZ]DVDG]LHQDQLH]PLHQLRQ\P QLVNLPSR]LRPLH:UXG]LDãHNVSRUWXW\FKZ\UREyZZ\QLyVã²QDWR PLDVWGOD8(DQDORJLF]QHZDUWRŋFLZ\QRVLã\ZURNRãR:ODWDFK XEZLHNXZ]URVã\RQHRRNRãRSNWSURFHQWRZ\FK.

(83) 60. Marek Dziura. (IHNW\QDNïDGöZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKQDG]LDïDOQRĂÊ LQQRZDF\MQÈL%5ZNUDMDFK8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM :DŧQ\PL PLHUQLNDPL SURFHVyZ LQQRZDF\MQ\FK ZVND]XMćF\PL QD HIHNW\ QDNãDGyZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKQDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQćLSUDFH%5VćZVNDťQLNL GRW\F]ćFHRFKURQ\ZãDVQRŋFLSU]HP\VãRZHM/LF]EDZ\QDOD]NyZ]JãDV]DQ\FK URF]QLHGRRFKURQ\SDWHQWRZHMZ8U]ĕG]LH3DWHQWRZ\P53SU]H]W]ZUH]\GHQWyZ XWU]\PXMHVLĕZRVWDWQLFKNLONXODWDFKQDEDUG]RQLVNLPSR]LRPLHRNRãRW\V² ZU]JãRV]RQRGRRFKURQ\Z8353RNRãRZ\QDOD]NyZ ZUGOD SRUyZQDQLDZ\QDOD]NyZZU²ZU²DZU²

(84) /LF]EDXG]LHORQ\FKSDWHQWyZZUUyZQLHŧNV]WDãWRZDãDVLĕQDEDUG]R QLVNLPSR]LRPLHLZUZ\QRVLãDSDWHQWyZZU²ZU² ZU²DZU²:DŧQ\PZVNDťQLNLHPRFHQ\HIHNWyZ SURFHVyZLQQRZDF\MQ\FKMHVWOLF]EDZ\QDOD]NyZ]JãRV]RQ\FKGRRFKURQ\GR (XURSHMVNLHJR8U]ĕGX3DWHQWRZHJR (32

(85) SU]\SDGDMćFDQDPOQPLHV]NDĸFyZ 'OD3ROVNLZDUWRŋþWHJRZVNDťQLNDZUZ\QLRVãDDŋUHGQLDZDUWRŋþWHJR ZVNDťQLNDGODNUDMyZ8(²'OD6ãRZDFMLZVNDťQLNWHQZ\QRVLã GOD&]HFKQDWRPLDVWGOD:ĕJLHU:SRUyZQDQLX]OLF]EćXG]LHORQ\FK SDWHQWyZSU]H]$PHU\NDĸVNL8U]ćG3DWHQWRZ\ 86372

(86) QDPOQPLHV]NDĸFyZ 3ROVND]DMPXMHZŋUyGSDĸVWZF]ãRQNRZVNLFK8(MHGQR]RVWDWQLFKPLHMVF]H ZVNDťQLNLHP UD]HP]/LWZćLâRWZćGODNWyU\FKZVNDťQLNZ\QLyVãRGSR ZLHGQLRL

(87) 'ODNUDMyZ8(ZVNDťQLNWHQNV]WDãWRZDãVLĕQDSR]LRPLH DGOD6]ZHFMLL)LQODQGLLZ\QLyVãRGSRZLHGQLRL -HGQ\P]ILODUyZJRVSRGDUNLRSDUWHMQDZLHG]\MHVWVHNWRU]ZLć]DQ\]WHFK QRORJLDPLLQIRUPDF\MQ\PL3ROVNDSU]HZ\ŧV]DŋUHGQLćXQLMQćSRGZ]JOĕGHP Z\GDWNyZQD,&7:UZVNDťQLNZ\GDWNyZQD,&7ZVWRVXQNXGR3.% (,6

(88) Z\QLyVãZ3ROVFHSRGF]DVJG\GOD8(ZVNDťQLNWHQZ\QLyVã 1DMOHSV]HZ\QLNLZW\P]DNUHVLHRVLćJQĕã\6]ZHFMD²RUD](VWRQLD² QDWRPLDVWGXŧRJRUV]H*UHFMD²6ãRZHQLDRUD]+LV]SDQLD² :\QLNLEDGDQLDZ\NRU]\VWDQLDWHFKQRORJLLLQIRUPDF\MQRWHOHNRPXQLNDF\MQ\FK ZSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZDFKSU]HSURZDG]RQHJRZUZ\ND]Dã\ŧHRGVHWHNSU]HG VLĕELRUVWZSRVLDGDMćF\FKGRVWĕSGR,QWHUQHWXRVLćJQćãZ3ROVFHSR]LRP ŊUHGQLXG]LDãSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZSRVLDGDMćF\FKGRVWĕSGR,QWHUQHWXZVWRVXQNXGR OLF]E\SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZRJyãHPZ8( ZU

(89) Z\QLyVã1DMZLĕNV]\ RGVHWHNRGQRWRZDãD)LQODQGLD²'DQLDRUD]6]ZHFMD²QDWR. . 5RF]QLN6WDW\VW\F]Q\5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM3ROVNLHM*86:DUV]DZD. . (XURSHDQ,QQRYDWLRQ6FRUHERDUG(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ/X[HPERXUJ. :\QLNL EDGDĸ *86 ² Z\NRU]\VWDQLH WHFKQRORJLL LQIRUPDF\MQRWHOHNRPXQLNDF\MQ\FK ZU:DUV]DZDJUXG]LHĸU.

(90) 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLDZLHONRŋþQDNãDGyZ«. 61. PLDVWQDMQLŧV]\âRWZD²RUD]:ĕJU\²8G]LDãSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ NWyUHNRQWDNWXMćVLĕ]DGPLQLVWUDFMćSXEOLF]QćSU]H],QWHUQHWZ\QLyVãZ3ROVFH ZUWHQVDPZVNDťQLNZ\QLyVãGOD8(²GOD)LQODQGLL² GOD'DQLL²QDWRPLDVWGODâRWZ\²:LHONLHM%U\WDQLL² L&\SUX²:UZãDVQHVWURQ\ZZZSRVLDGDãRRNRãRSROVNLFK SU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ-HGQRF]HŋQLHSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZNRU]\VWDãR],QWHUQHWXZFHOX GRNRQ\ZDQLD]DNXSXZ\UREyZLXVãXJGRWUDQVDNFMLW\SX%% %XVLQHVV WR%XVLQHVV

(91) RUD]SRQDGGRWUDQVDNFMLW\SX%& %XVLQHVVWR&XVWRPHU) 3R]LRPGRVWĕSXGR,QWHUQHWXZSROVNLFKJRVSRGDUVWZDFKGRPRZ\FKZ\QR V]ćF\ U

(92) MHVWQLŧV]\RGŋUHGQLHJRZ8(JG]LHZ\QLyVãRQRNRãR 'ODSRUyZQDQLDQDMZ\ŧV]\ZVNDťQLNGRVWĕSXGR,QWHUQHWXZJRVSRGDU VWZDFKGRPRZ\FKRGQRWRZDQRZ+RODQGLL

(93) Z/XNVHPEXUJX

(94) RUD] Z'DQLL

(95) 1DMQLŧV]HZVNDťQLNLFKDUDNWHU\]XMćQDWRPLDVW/LWZĕ

(96) RUD]&]HFK\

(97) 3ROVNDSU]HZ\ŧV]DŋUHGQLćXQLMQćUyZQLHŧZQLHNWyU\FKZVNDťQLNDFK]ZLć ]DQ\FK]LQQ\PNOXF]RZ\PREV]DUHPJRVSRGDUNLRSDUWHMQDZLHG]\²HGXNDFML PãRG]LHŧ\8G]LDãRVyEZJUXSLHZLHNRZHM²ODWDNWyUHXNRĸF]\ã\HGXNDFMĕ FRQDMPQLHMQDSR]LRPLHV]NRã\ŋUHGQLHMZ\QLyVãZ3ROVFHZU (,6

(98) ²DGOD8(²1DMOHSV]HZWHMNDWHJRULLE\ã\²6ãRZDFMD² RUD]&]HFK\²/LF]EDDEVROZHQWyZNLHUXQNyZŋFLVã\FKLWHFKQLF]Q\FKQD PLHV]NDĸFyZZJUXSLHZLHNRZHM²ODWZUZ\QLRVãDZ3ROVFH QDWRPLDVWGOD8(²1DMOHSV]HZ\QLNLRGQRWRZDã\,UODQGLD² )UDQFMD²RUD]:LHOND%U\WDQLD²:VNDťQLNXG]LDãXRVyE ]Z\NV]WDãFHQLHPZ\ŧV]\PZJUXSLHZLHNRZHM²ODWDZ3ROVFHZU (,6U

(99) Z\QLyVãDZ8(²1DMZ\ŧV]\RGVHWHNZWHMNDWH JRULLRGQRWRZDQRZ)LQODQGLL

(100) RUD]Z'DQLL

(101) :DŧQ\PZVNDť QLNLHPMHVWUyZQLHŧZVNDťQLNGRW\F]ćF\NV]WDãFHQLDXVWDZLF]QHJRZSU]HG]LDOH ZLHNRZ\P² OLIHORQJOHDUQLQJ

(102) NWyU\Z\QRVLãZ3ROVFHZEDGDQ\PRNUHVLH DZ8(²1DMOHSV]\PNUDMHPSRGW\PZ]JOĕGHPRND]DãDVLĕ ZU6]ZHFMD]HZVNDťQLNLHPRUD]'DQLD² -DNZVSRPQLDQRZF]HŋQLHM3ROVNDQLHNZDOLILNXMHVLĕMHV]F]HGRW]ZJRVSR GDUHNRSDUW\FKQDZLHG]\SRQLHZDŧQLHRVLćJQĕãDPLQLPDOQHJRSR]LRPXUR]ZRMX G]LHG]LQSU]\MPRZDQ\FK]DQRŋQLNL*2:3R]LRPRGNWyUHJRJRVSRGDUNĕX]QDMH VLĕ]D*2:PLHU]RQ\MHVWJãyZQLHSURFHQWRZ\PXG]LDãHP]DWUXGQLHQLDZVHNWR UDFKQRŋQLNDFK*2: JG\ZVNDťQLNNV]WDãWXMHVLĕQDSR]LRPLHNUDMX]QDMH VLĕ]DJRVSRGDUNĕRSDUWćQDZLHG]\

(103) 3RQLŧHM]DSUH]HQWRZDQRGDQHGRW\F]ćFH . 'DQH(XURVWDW]DU. . 1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZU*86:DUV]DZD. . 'DQH(XURVWDW]DU.

(104) 62. Marek Dziura. ]DWUXGQLHQLDZVHNWRU]HEDGDZF]RUR]ZRMRZ\PZVHNWRUDFKSU]HP\VãXŋUHGQLR Z\VRNLHMLZ\VRNLHMWHFKQLNLRUD]HGXNDFML1DOHŧ\SRGNUHŋOLþŧHQLVNLSR]LRP W\FKZVNDťQLNyZSU]\F]\QLDVLĕZPDã\PVWRSQLXGREXGRZ\JRVSRGDUNLRSDUWHM QDZLHG]\Z3ROVFH:UZ3ROVFHãćF]Q\ZVNDťQLN]DWUXGQLHQLDGODZV]\VW NLFKVHNWRUyZQRŋQLNyZ*2:Z\QRVLã 8G]LDã]DWUXGQLRQ\FKRVyEZVHNWRU]HEDGDZF]RUR]ZRMRZ\PZVWRVXQNX GRRJyãX]DWUXGQLRQ\FKZ\QLyVãZ3ROVFHZU6SRŋUyGNUDMyZ 8(QLŧV]HZVNDťQLNLRGQRWRZDã\MHG\QLH&\SU²âRWZD²RUD] 3RUWXJDOLD²:VNDťQLNLSRZ\ŧHMŋUHGQLHMXQLMQHMZW\P]DNUHVLH (8 ²

(105) RVLćJQĕã\PLQ)LQODQGLD

(106) 6]ZHFMD

(107) RUD]'DQLD

(108) 8G]LDã]DWUXGQLRQ\FKRVyEZVHNWRUDFKSU]HP\VãXŋUHGQLRZ\VRNLHMLZ\VRNLHM WHFKQLNLZRJyOQHMOLF]ELHRVyE]DWUXGQLRQ\FKZSU]HP\ŋOHRVLćJQćãZ3ROVFH ZU:VNDťQLNWHQGOD8(Z\QLyVãDGOD8('R NUDMyZNWyUHRGQRWRZDã\QDMVãDEV]HZVNDťQLNLZW\P]DNUHVLHQDOHŧć&\SU

(109) /XNVHPEXUJ

(110) LâRWZD

(111) QDMOHSV]HZ\QLNLRGQRWRZDã\QDWR PLDVW1LHPF\

(112) 6ãRZHQLD

(113) RUD]&]HFK\

(114) :HGãXJSU]HSURZD G]RQHJRZUEDGDQLDGRW\F]ćFHJROLF]E\RVyE]DWUXGQLRQ\FKZVHNWRU]H Z\VRNLHMWHFKQLNLZVWRVXQNXGROLF]E\]DWUXGQLRQ\FKRJyãHPRGVHWHNWHQ Z\QLyVãSRGF]DVJG\WHQVDPZVNDťQLNGOD8(ZUZ\QLyVã %DGDQLDVWDW\VW\F]QHRUD]OLF]QHUDSRUW\RUJDQL]DFMLPLĕG]\QDURGRZ\FK 8(2(&'%DQNŊZLDWRZ\

(115) ZVND]XMćŧHLVWQLHMH]QDF]Q\G\VWDQVPLĕG]\ SR]LRPDPLLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLJRVSRGDUNL3ROVNLLNUDMyZUR]ZLQLĕW\FK :WDEHOLSRGDQRZDUWRŋFLZVNDťQLNDLQQRZDF\MQRŋFL6,,ZODWDFK² 8NãDGWDEHOLSR]ZDODQDZ\UyŧQLHQLHLSU]\SRU]ćGNRZDQLHZV]\VWNLFK DQDOL]RZDQ\FKNUDMyZGRF]WHUHFKJUXS'DQLD)LQODQGLD1LHPF\,]UDHO-DSRQLD 6]ZDMFDULD6]ZHFMD:LHOND%U\WDQLDL6WDQ\=MHGQRF]RQHWZRU]ćJUXSĕNUDMyZ ZLRGćF\FK LQQRYDWLRQOHDGHUV

(116) $XVWULD%HOJLD.DQDGD)UDQFMD,UODQGLD,VODQGLD /XNVHPEXUJL+RODQGLDQDOHŧćGRJUXS\NUDMyZEĕGćF\FKEH]SRŋUHGQLRQD]DSOHF]X OLGHUyZLQQRZDF\MQRŋFL LQQRYDWLRQIROORZHUV

(117) 'RNUDMyZRŋUHGQLFKZDUWRŋFLDFK ZVNDťQLNDLQQRZDF\MQRŋFL PRGHUDWHLQQRYDWRUV

(118) QDOHŧ\]DOLF]\þ$XVWUDOLĕ&\SU &]HFK\(VWRQLĕ+LV]SDQLĕ1RUZHJLĕ6ãRZHQLĕL:ãRFK\-HGQRF]HŋQLH%XãJDULD &KRUZDFMD*UHFMD/LWZDâRWZD0DOWD3ROVND5XPXQLD6ãRZDFMDL7XUFMD ]RVWDã\]DOLF]RQHGRNUDMyZGRJDQLDMćF\FK FDWFKLQJXSFRXQWULHV

(119) . 1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZU*86:DUV]DZD'DQHGOD3ROVNL²%DGDQLHDNW\ZQRŋFL HNRQRPLF]QHMOXGQRŋFL²EDGDQLHUHSUH]HQWDF\MQHREHMPXMćFHRVRE\ZZLHNXODWLZLĕFHMEĕGćFH F]ãRQNDPLZ\ORVRZDQ\FKJRVSRGDUVWZGRPRZ\FK'DQHGOD8(²(XURVWDW . 6,,²6XPPDU\,QQRYDWLRQ,QGH[SXEOLNRZDQ\MHVWZ5DSRUFLHQDWHPDWLQQRZDF\MQRŋFL .RPLVML(XURSHMVNLHM (XURSHDQ,QQRYDWLRQ6FRUHERDUG

(120) WZRU]RQ\MHVWQDED]LHZVNDťQLNyZ GRW\F]ćF\FKZ\NV]WDãFHQLDZ\GDWNyZQD%5SDWHQWyZLQQRZDF\MQRŋFL0Ŋ3ILQDQVRZDQLDLQQR ZDFMLLWS ZZZWUHQGFKDUWRUJ

(121) .

(122) 63. 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLDZLHONRŋþQDNãDGyZ« 7DEHOD.V]WDãWRZDQLHVLĕZVNDťQLNyZLQQRZDF\MQRŋFL 6,,

(123) ZNUDMDFK 8QLL(XURSHMVNLHMRUD]Z\EUDQ\FKNUDMDFKŋZLDWDZODWDFK² :\V]F]HJyOQLHQLH. . . . . . 8QLD(XURSHMVND². . . . . . $XVWULD. . . . . . %HOJLD. . . . . . %XãJDULD. . . . . . &\SU. . . . . . &]HFK\. . . . . . 'DQLD. . . . . . (VWRQLD. . . . . . )LQODQGLD. . . . . . )UDQFMD. . . . . . *UHFMD. . . . . . +LV]SDQLD. . . . . . +RODQGLD. . . . . . ,UODQGLD. . . . . . /LWZD. . . . . . /XNVHPEXUJ. . . . . . âRWZD. . . . . . 0DOWD. . . . . . 1LHPF\. . . . . . 3ROVND. . . . . . 3RUWXJDOLD. . . . . . 5XPXQLD. . . . . . 6ãRZDFMD. . . . . . 6ãRZHQLD. . . . . . 6]ZHFMD. . . . . . :ĕJU\. . . . . . :LHOND%U\WDQLD. . . . . . :ãRFK\. . . . . . $XVWUDOLD. . . . . . &KLQ\. . . . . . &KRUZDFMD. . . . . . ,VODQGLD. . . . . . ,]UDHO. . . . . . -DSRQLD. . . . . .

(124) 64. Marek Dziura. FGWDEHOL :\V]F]HJyOQLHQLH. . . . . . Kanada. . . . . . 1RUZHJLD. . . . . . 6WDQ\=MHGQRF]RQH. . . . . . 7XUFMD. . . . . . ŤUyGãR(XURSHDQ,QQRYDWLRQ6FRUHERDUG&RPSDUDWLYH$QDO\VLVRI,QQRYDWLRQ3HUIRUPDQFH (XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ'LUHFWRUDWH*HQHUDOIRU(QWHUSULVHDQG,QGXVWU\/X[HPERXUJ)HEUXDU\ . 0HWRGRORJLD%DQNXŊZLDWRZHJRGRW\F]ćFDSRPLDUXSR]LRPXLQQRZDF\MQRŋFL JRVSRGDUHNZ(XURSLHL$]ML&HQWUDOQHMRSDUWDMHVWQD.QRZOHGJH$VVHVPHQW 0HWKRGRORJ\ZVNãDGNWyUHJRZFKRG]LZVNDťQLN.QRZOHGJH(FRQRP\,QGLFDWRU .(,

(125) :\QLNL5DSRUWX%DQNXŊZLDWRZHJRSRNU\ZDMćVLĕZGXŧHMPLHU]H]Z\QL NDPLRWU]\PDQ\PLZEDGDQLX7UHQG&KDUW=JRGQLH].QRZOHGJH$VVHVPHQW 0HWKRGRORJ\3ROVND]DMPXMHPLHMVFHZŋUyGNUDMyZREMĕW\FKEDGDQLHP =DNRñF]HQLH :\QLNLSRPLDUXVWRSQLDLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLSROVNLHMJRVSRGDUNLRUD]ZLHONRŋFL LVWUXNWXU\QDNãDGyZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKQDG]LDãDOQRŋþLQQRZDF\MQćL%5ZVND]XMć QLHW\ONRSRWU]HEĕ]ZLĕNV]HQLDW\FKQDNãDGyZDOHWDNŧHLFKXNLHUXQNRZDQLHQD EDGDQLDVWRVRZDQHLSUDFHUR]ZRMRZH ']LDãDOQRŋþEDGDZF]RUR]ZRMRZDPDSRGVWDZRZH]QDF]HQLHGODUR]ZRMX F\ZLOL]DF\MQHJRNUDMXRUD]Z]URVWXLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLLNRQNXUHQF\MQRŋFLMHJR JRVSRGDUNL,QQRZDF\MQRŋþMHVWZQLHMUR]XPLDQDMDNRZ\QLNRUD]SRFKRGQDG]LD ãDOQRŋFLQDXNRZREDGDZF]HM 'RGDWNRZćV]DQVćGODRVLćJQLĕFLDFHOyZVWDZLDQ\FKZQDMEOLŧV]\FKODWDFK SU]HGSROVNćJRVSRGDUNćMHVWZ\NRU]\VWDQLHPRŧOLZRŋFLVWZDU]DQ\FKG]LĕNL LQWHJUDFML3ROVNL]8(1DMZDŧQLHMV]HG]LDãDQLDNWyUHQDOHŧ\SRGMćþSRZLQQ\ REHMPRZDþ]ZLĕNV]HQLHHIHNW\ZQRŋFLSXEOLF]QHJRILQDQVRZDQLDQDXNLRNUH ŋOHQLHNLHUXQNyZLSULRU\WHWyZUR]ZRMXQDXNLSROVNLHM]PLDQ\V\VWHPRZHRUJD QL]DF\MQHLSUDZQHXPRŧOLZLDMćFHHIHNW\ZQHUHDOL]RZDQLHZ\UD]LVWHMSROLW\NL QDXNRZHMQDXNRZRWHFKQLF]QHMLLQQRZDF\MQHMRUD]ZVSLHUDMćFHZ]URVWILQDQVR ZDQLD%5]HťUyGHãSR]DEXGŧHWRZ\FKUR]ZLMDQLHZVSyãSUDF\PLĕG]\QDURGRZHM ZV]F]HJyOQRŋFLZUDPDFK8(SURPRFMĕQDXNL. . 3XEOLF)LQDQFLDO6XSSRUWIRU&RPPHUFLDO,QQRYDWLRQ7KH:RUOG%DQN:DVKLQJWRQ'& .

(126) 3R]LRPLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLDZLHONRŋþQDNãDGyZ«. 65. 5HDOL]DFMD]DãRŧHĸVWUDWHJLLOL]ERĸVNLHM]ZãDV]F]DZ]DNUHVLH]ZLĕNV]DQLD QDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5GR3.%ZUEĕG]LH²]SHUVSHNW\Z\ SROVNLHJRVWDJQDF\MQHJREXGŧHWXQDXNL]DGDQLHPQLH]PLHUQLHWUXGQ\P2]QDF]D WRNRQLHF]QRŋþSUDZLHWU]\NURWQHJRZ]URVWXQDNãDGyZQD%5]EXGŧHWXSDĸVWZD LRNRãRVLHGPLRNURWQHJR²]HŋURGNyZSR]DEXGŧHWRZ\FKGRU1DELHUDWR V]F]HJyOQLH]QDF]HQLDZREOLF]XERU\NDQLDVLĕSU]H]JRVSRGDUNLNUDMyZ8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM]SRZV]HFKQ\PMXŧNU\]\VHPILQDQVRZ\P,VWRWQH]QDF]HQLHGOD UHDOL]DFMLSULRU\WHWyZRNUHŋORQ\FKZVWUDWHJLLOL]ERĸVNLHMEĕG]LHPLDãRSRGMĕFLH UDG\NDOQ\FKG]LDãDĸ]PLHU]DMćF\FKGRVLOQHJRZVSLHUDQLDSU]HGVLĕELRUFyZLVWRVR ZDQLD]DFKĕW ZVSDUFLHLQVW\WXFMRQDOQHSRGDWNRZHLNDSLWDãRZH

(127) FHOHP]ZLĕN V]HQLDXG]LDãXVHNWRUDSU\ZDWQHJRZNRV]WDFKEDGDĸQDXNRZ\FKLSUDFUR]ZRMR Z\FK'RZ]URVWQDNãDGyZQDG]LDãDOQRŋþ%5SRZLQQDVLĕSU]\F]\QLþUHIRUPD V\VWHPXILQDQVRZDQLDQDXNLZ3ROVFHLUHVWUXNWXU\]DFMD]DSOHF]D%5=DSHZ QLHQLHZ\VRNLHJRWHPSDZ]URVWXSROVNLHMJRVSRGDUNLSRGQLHVLHQLHSR]LRPXMHM LQQRZDF\MQRŋFLRUD]X]\VNDQLHSRVWĕSXSRSU]H]EXGRZDQLHVSRãHF]HĸVWZDLQIRU PDF\MQHJREĕG]LHPRŧOLZHMHŧHOL]DMGćPLQQDVWĕSXMćFHSURFHV\ ² GRNRQDVLĕV]\ENLUR]ZyMVLHFLZVSyãSUDF\PLĕG]\VLOQLHMV]\PLDVãDEV]\PL RŋURGNDPLQDXNRZ\PLFRMHVWQDMEDUG]LHMRELHFXMćFćGURJćGRZ]PRFQLHQLDW\FK RVWDWQLFKLQLZHORZDQLDMDNRŋFLRZHMOXNLZSROVNLHMQDXFH ² SRZVWDQLH RJyOQRSROVND VLHþ ZVSLHUDQLD LQQRZDFML L WUDQVIHUX WHFKQR ORJLLNWyUDPRŧH]MHGQHMVWURQ\]ZLĕNV]\þSRGDŧZ\QLNyZSUDFQDXNRZ\FK LEDGDZF]RUR]ZRMRZ\FK]GUXJLHM]Dŋ²SURZDG]LþGRZ]URVWX]DSRWU]HERZDQLD QDWHZ\QLNLJãyZQLHZŋUyGPDã\FKLŋUHGQLFKSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZFRZNRQVH NZHQFMLSURZDG]LþEĕG]LHGR]ZLĕNV]HQLDSR]LRPXLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLSROVNLHM JRVSRGDUNLLMHM]DDZDQVRZDQLDWHFKQRORJLF]QHJRDW\PVDP\PGRZ]URVWXMHM PLĕG]\QDURGRZHMNRQNXUHQF\MQRŋFL Literatura 'HILQLFMHSRMĕþ]]DNUHVXVWDW\VW\NLQDXNLLWHFKQLNL*86:DUV]DZD (XURSHDQ,QQRYDWLRQ6FRUHERDUG(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ'LUHFWRUDWH*HQHUDOIRU (QWHUSULVHDQG,QGXVWU\/X[HPERXUJ ZZZWUHQGFKDUWRUJ

(128) (XURSHDQ,QQRYDWLRQ6FRUHERDUG&RPSDUDWLYH$QDO\VLVRI,QQRYDWLRQ3HUIRU PDQFH(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ'LUHFWRUDWH*HQHUDOIRU(QWHUSULVHDQG,QGXVWU\ /X[HPERXUJ)HEUXDU\ ZZZWUHQGFKDUWRUJ

(129) .OLQH6-5RVHQEHUJ1$Q2YHUYLHZRI,QQRYDWLRQ7KH3RVLWLYH6XP6WUDWHJ\UHG 5/DQGDXL15RVHQEHUJ7KH1DWLRQDO$FDGHP\3UHVV:DVKLQJWRQ'& 1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZU*86:DUV]DZD 1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZU*86:DUV]DZD 1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZU*86:DUV]DZD 1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZU*86:DUV]DZD 1DXNDLWHFKQLNDZU*86:DUV]DZD.

(130) 66. Marek Dziura. 1DXZHODHUV&:LQWMHV560(3ROLF\DQGWKH5HJLRQDO'LPHQVLRQRI,QQRYDWLRQ 7RZDUGVD1HZ3DUDGLJPIRU,QQRYDWLRQ3ROLF\"8QLYHUVLW\RI0DDVWULFKW0DDVWULFKW 1HJRFMDFMHZWUDQVIHU]HWHFKQRORJLL81,'2:DUV]DZD 2VOR0DQXDO2(&'3DULV 3XEOLF)LQDQFLDO6XSSRUWIRU&RPPHUFLDO,QQRYDWLRQ7KH:RUOG%DQN:DVKLQJWRQ'& 5DSRUW:\QLNLEDGDĸLQQRZDF\MQRŋFLSROVNLFKPDã\FKLŋUHGQLHMZLHONRŋFLSU]HGVLĕ ELRUVWZ3ROVND$JHQFMD5R]ZRMX3U]HGVLĕELRUF]RŋFL:DUV]DZDOLSLHFU 5RF]QLN6WDW\VW\F]Q\5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM3ROVNLHM*86:DUV]DZD 6FLHQFH7HFKQRORJ\DQG,QGXVWU\2XWORRN2(&'3DULV 6WDUF]HZVND.U]\V]WRV]HN0.RQNXUHQF\MQRŋþPDã\FKLŋUHGQLFKSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ UDSRUW]EDGDĸ0RQLWRULQJNRQG\FMLVHNWRUD0Ŋ33ROVND.RQIHGHUDFMD3UDFR GDZFyZ3U\ZDWQ\FKÅ/HZLDWDQµ:DUV]DZDPDMU :\QLNLEDGDĸ*86²Z\NRU]\VWDQLHWHFKQRORJLLLQIRUPDF\MQRWHOHNRPXQLNDF\MQ\FK ZURNX*86:DUV]DZDJUXG]LHĸU Investment in Innovation and Research and Development in Poland &RQWHPSRUDU\HFRQRPLFDQGRUJDQLVDWLRQDOSKHQRPHQDDQGSUREOHPVEHLQJDGUHVVHG DWSUHVHQWLQWKHZRUOGHFRQRP\KDYHJURZQRXWRIWKHWUDQVLWLRQIURPDQLQGXVWULDO HFRQRP\WRDNQRZOHGJHEDVHGRQH7KHNQRZOHGJHEDVHGHFRQRP\ *2:

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·VZHDOWKDVUHIOHFWHGLQ*'3LQGLFDWRUV.

(132)