O noHRmuu «meKcmoeM 1-topMa»
e KoMJvLy1-tuKamue1-tou cmwtucmuKe meKcffUl
HHHA C . 6OJ1OTHOBA ( TOMCK)
Hay,rnoe HanpaBnem1e, B pycne K0Toporo Ham1caHa ,uaHtta.11 CTaTb.11, B03-HHKno KaK 0,UH0 H3 OTBeTBneHHH cpyHKU.HOHanbHOH CTHITHCTHKH, HHTeHCH BH0 pa3pa6aTbJBaeMOH y'łeHbIMH nepMCKOH CTHnHCTH'łeCKOH WK0ITbl M.H. KmKHHOH. B cne,uoBaHHH ee Tpa,UHL.\H.IIM H o6MeHe Hay-<rnbIMH 11,ue.11MH BH.UHT c.11 3anor .uanbHeiłwero pa3BHTH.lł COBpeMeHHOH KOMMYHHKaTHBHOH CTHnHCT HKH TeKCTa, B paMKax KOTOpOH paccMaTpHBaeTC.lł Il0H.lłTHe «TeKCT0Ba.lł H0pMa», O K0T0p0M ,uanee IlOH,UeT pel!b. Tipe)l(,Ue 'łeM K0HKpen1311poBaTb 3T0 Il 0H.lłTHe, 0CTaH0BHMC.lł Ha xapaKTepHCTl1K e ,uaHHOro Hay 'łH0r0 Ha11paBneHH.lł (110,upo6ttee o tteM CM.: 6onornoBa
1 992; 1996; 1 997; 1 998;
200 I ; 2003 ).
KOMMYHHKaTHBHa.lł CTl1ITHCTl1Ka TeKCTa - H0B0e Ha11paBneHHe C0B peMeHHOH cjJyHKU.HOHanbHOH CTHITHCTHKH, cpopMHpyror.u.eec.11 Ha CTb[Ke C ,upyrHMH HayKaMH , K0MnneKCH0 11ccne,uyror.u.ee u.enbIH TeKCT (pe'-leBoe 11pOH3Be,UeH11e) KaK cpopMy K0MMYHl1KaU.H11 H .lłBneHHe H,uH0CTl1IT.lł. KOMil neKCH0e 113yqett11e TeKcTa B ,uaHH0M cnyqae 11pe,u11onaraeT aHanH3 IT l1HfBHCTJ1'-l eCKHX H 3KCTpa1111HfBl1CTl1'-leCKHX cpaKTOpOB o6r.u.eHH .lł , C B .lł 3 a H H bI X C n o p 0)l(,UeHHeM TeKCTa 11 e r o l1 HTe p 11 p e T a u. 11eił. J1HHrBHCTH'łeCKHe cpaKTOpbl 06r.u.ett11.11 BKnIO'łaIOT OT6op 11 opraHH3aU.HIO Sl3bIK0BbIX cpe,UCTB pa3Hb!X ypoBHeH B HX TeKCT0B0M B0I1J10l.l.\eHl1H C yqeT0M He T0nbK0 .lł3b!KOBOH CHCTeMbl, «CTOSll.lJ.eH 3a TeKCT0M», HO 11 pelłeBOH CHCTeMH0CTH, o6ycnOBJleHHOH aBT0pCKHM 3aMbICIT0M (CM. o HeH B pa6orax M.H. Ko)l(HHOH). K 3KCTpanHHrBHCTH'ł eCKl1M cpaKTopaM 06r.u.ett11S1 0TH0CSITCSI: J111'łH0CTb aBT0pa H a,upecaTa; u.en11 11 3a,ua'łH, 011pe,uenS1I011J.l1e HX
nepB11'-1HYIO 11 BT0p11'-1HYIO K0MMYHl1K8Tl1BHYIO .uesnenbH0CTb; cneu,mp11Ka ccpepb1 06w.eHm1; xapaKTep c11Tyau,1111; )l(aHp 11 T . .u., CM. no,upo6Hee (oonoT HOBa
1992).
KaK CBSł38Ha KOM MYHHK8THBH8Sł CTHJlHCTHK a TeKCTa co CMe)l(HblMl1 o6naCTSIMl1 3H8Hl1Sł? B OTnwrne OT Jl.J,iHrBl1CTl1Kl1 TeKCTa 11 ITHHTBl1CTl1'-!eCKOH n03Tl1Kl1, K 0 M M Y H l1K8Tl1 B H 8 Sł CTHfll1CTl1 K a TeKCTa 113y'-!aeT TeKCT B K0MMYHHK8THBHO-,UeSłTenbHOCTHOM acneKTe C TO'-IKH 3peHHSł conpSł)l(eHHOCTH ,ueS1TenbHOCTl1 aBTOpa 11 a,upecaTa (C11,uopoB
1 987).
OT ,upyrnx H ayK (nparMaT11K11, nc11xon11HrBHCT11K11, nc11x ono3T11K11, cp 11 nonor11'-!eCKOH repMeHeBTHKH), on11pa10UJ.HXCSł Ha Teop1110 pe'-leBOH ,ueHTeJlbHOCTH, OHa 0Tn11'-18eTC51 np11CTanbHbIM BHHM8Hl1eM K rr11HrB0CTl1fll1CTl1'-1eCKl1M acneKT8M pe'-leBoro 06w.eH11H B 11x TeKCTOBOM Bonnow.eH1111. I1p11 3TOM 11ccne,uoBaH11e CTPYKTypH o - c M w cn o B O H opra H 11 3 a 1.1, 11 11 TeK cTa c T O '-I K H 3 p e H 11 H KOMMYHHK8Tl1BHOro 3cpcpeKTa paCCM8Tpl1B8eTC51 K8K o6ycnosneHHOe p51,UOM cpaKTOpOB, BKJil0'-1851 CTl1fll1CTl1'-leCKl1H y3yc 11 11)].110CTl1ITb aBTOpa.C H83B8HHbIMl1 o6naCT51Ml1 3H8HH51 KOMMYHl1K8Tl1BHYIO CTl1flHCTl1KY TeKCTa c6n11)1(aeT 11HTepec K 513b!KOBOH fll1'-IH0CTl1, «CT051UJ.eH 38 TeKCTOM» (KapaynoB
1 987), BH11 Matt11e K npou,eccaM Bocnp11HT1151, 11ttTepnpeTa1.1,1111 11
nOH11M8HH51 TeKCTa, a T8K)l(e 06w.a51 ttanpaBneHHOCTb Ha 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTb pe1łeBoro 06w.ett1151.BnonHe 01łeB11,utto, 1łTO npo6neMa 3cpcpeKTl1BHocrn pe'-!eBoro o6w.eHl151 HBnHeTCH u,ettTpanhHOH B cp11nonor1111. Pa3Hhre 06nacT11 qmnonor11'-lecKoro 3H8Hl15ł, BKJ1I01ła5ł Teopmo TeKCTa, pa3pa6aTbIB8IOT 3TY rno6arrbHYIO npo6neMy B Mepy CB011X B03M0)1(H0CTeH, onpe,uenHeMbIX KOHKpeTHbIMl1 u.en5łMl1 11 3 8,U81ł8Ml1 , npe11Myw.ecTBeHHbI M BH11M8HHeM K pa3J1H '-1Hb!M acneKTaM B 11ccne,u0Batt1111 TeKCTa. Oco6eHHO 6onbWl1e B03MO)l(HOCTl1 B perneHl111 3TOH npo6neMbl y CTl1J111CTl1Kl1, 113yqa10w.ei1 «513b!K no BCeMy pa3pe3y ero CTpYKTYPhI cpa3y» (B11tt0Kyp
1 959: 223),
HO B oco6oM acneKTe - c T01łKl1 3peHH5ł ynoTpe6neHl15ł, cpyHKU,110H11pOBaHl15ł. 11Me5ł 11HTerpaTl1BHbIH xapaKTep, CTl1J111CTl1Ka TeKCTa cnoco6Ha peanl130B8Tb KOMnneKCHbIH no.uxo.u K 11ccne,u0Batt1110 ero CTPYKTYPbI, ceMaHTl1Kl1 11 nparMaT11K11. Bee 3THacneKTbI TeKcTa 3Ha'-IHMbI B npou,ecce 06w.ett11H.
B
OTJ111'-!11e OT Tpa)].11U,110HHOH CTl1J111CTl1Kl1 u,enoro TeKCTa, 11ccne.uy10w.ei1 06w.11e 11 1ł8CTHbie 38KOHOMepHOCTH opratt113a1.1,1111 513bIK0BbIX e,UHHHU,, CTpYKTYPY TeKCTa, K0Mn03111.J,110HH0-CTHnHCTH1łeCKl1e np11eMbl, T11nonor11IO TeKCTOB B 3 a B l1Cl1MOCTH OT K0M n03HU,HOHH0-CTHnHCTl1'-leCKl1X oco-6eHHOCTeH, C0BpeMeHH85ł CTHJlHCTHKa TeKCTa OpHeHTHpOBaHa Ha eroO noH.flmuu «meKcmoeG.R ,wpMa» e KOMMyHuKamue1-1ou . . .
HHHA C. 60J10THOBACTPYKTYPH0-CMb1crroBy10 opraHJ,nau1110 11 11HTepnpernumo (KmK11Ha
1993:
27).
B K0JIJieKTl1BHOH MO HOrpacp1111 nepMCKl1X y'łeHbIX, noCB.s!I.UeHHOH cT11rr11cT11Ke H ayąHoro TeKcTa, no.n;roToBrreHHOH no.n: pe,n;aKu11eił M.H. KmKHHOH, paccMaTpHBaeTCSI «CMblCJlOBaSI CTOpOHa ueJ1oro TeKCTa , npHHUH nbI ero pa3BepTbIBaHl151 (np11'łeM He o6w;eTeKCTOBbie, a np11cy1.U11e 11MeHHO onpe,n;eJ1eHHOH ccpepe 06w;eH11.si), KOMno311u11.si, cBoeo6pa311e peaJ1113au1111 TeKCTOBbIX KaTerop11H, CTHJleBaSI cneu11cp11Ka . . .»
(KO)ł(l1Ha l,f .n;p.1 994: 8).
AKUeHT, TaKl1M o6pa30M, ,n;eJ1aeTCSI Ha CTl1J111CTl1 'łeCKOM y3yce B ero npoeKU1111 Ha CMbICJl0BOe pa3BepTb1BaH11e TeKCTa , ero KOMn0311U11IO , TeKCT0Bble KaTerop,rn. Pa3,n;eJ15!SI n0311U11IO aBTOpOB OTHOCJ,!TeJlbHO o6I.U11X 3a,n;aq CTl1J1 11 CTl1 'ł eCKOro 113y'łeHl1SI TeK CTa, o npe.n;err11M CBOeo6pa311e KOMMYHl1KaTl1BHOH CTl1Jil1CTl1Kl1 TeKCTa.Ha COU110KOMMY H l1KaTl1BHbIH xap aKTep COBpeMeHHOl1 CT11Jl l1CTl1Kl,f yKa3bIBarra T.r. B11HOKYP (B11HOKYP 1993). rettern 'łeCKl1 KOMMYHl1KaTHBHa51 CTl1 Jil1 CTl1 K a T e K C T a CB513 a H a C cp y H K U 11 0 H a Ji b H O H CTl1Jl l1 C Tl1 K O H 11 CTl1Jll1CTl1KOH uerroro TeKCTa (oOJIOTHOBa
1 996). OT,n;errHBllll1Cb OT
cpyHKU110-HaJibHOH CTl1Jll1CTHKl1, 113yąa101.UeH cpyHKU110H11pOBaH11e 513blK0BbIX e,n;HH11U B pa3HbIX ccpepax 11 ycrroB11.six 061.Uett11.si, a TaK)ł(e «cneumjr nKy 11 pe'łeByIO c 11 c Te M H o c T bcp
y H K u 11 o H a Jl b H bi x c T 11 rr e i1 » ( K o )ł( 11 H a1 9 9 3 : 2 1 ) ,
KOMMYHl1KaTl1BHa.si CTl1Jil1CTl1Ka TeKCTa np1106perra oco6y10 HanpaBJieH HOCTb (KO M MyH11KaTl1BHO-,n;e.siTeJibHOCTHYIO), CB011 uerr11 11 3a,ll;a'łl1, a TaK)ł(e o p 11 e tt T a u 11 IO tt a o n p e.n;err e H tt bi e M e To,n;bI 11 c crre.n;o s a tt 11 si ( o n p o c , aHKeT11poBatt11e, 3KCnep11M eHT B CO'łeTatt1111 C rpa.n:11UHOHHblMl1 MeTo,n;a M11).,[(e.siTeJibHOCTHblH no.n;xo.n; B paM Kax KOMMYHl1KaTl1BHOH CTl1Jl11CTl1Kl1 TeKCTa CB513aH C ero paccMorpett11eM KaK npo,n;yKTa nepBH'łHOH KOMMy
HHKaTHBHOH .n;e.siTeJibHOCTl1 aBTOpa 11 o6oeKTa BTOp11'łHOH K0MM YHl1-KaTl1BHOH ,[(e.siTeJibHOCTl1 'łl1TaTerr.si. U.errb KOMMYHHYHl1-KaTl1BHOH CTl1Jil1CT11KH TeKcTa - pa3pa60TKa npo6rreMbl 3cpcpeKTl1BHOCTl1 TeKCTOBOH .n;e.siTeJibH0CTl1 aBTOpa H a,1wecaTa C y'łeTOM cneu11cp11K11 11X 513bIKOBOH JIJ.1'łHOCTl1 , ccpepbl 061.Uett11.si, uerreH 11 3a,n;a'ł, )ł(attpOBO-CTl1JieBbIX 11 .n;pyr11x oco6ettHOCTeH TeKCTa.
�3blKOBaSI Jll1'łHOCTb aBTOpa 11HTepecyeT KOMMYHl1KaTl1BHYIO CTl1JIHCTl1KY TeKCTa B acneKTe 11,ll;110CTl1JI51, npO.s!BJI.s!IOI.Uerocsi B TeKCTOBOH .n;esiTeJibHOCTH. IlpH 3T0M .n;aHHOe n0H51Tl1e ttanoJIH.sieTCSI HOBhIM, 6orree lll11pOKl1M no o6oeMy co.n;ep)l(att11eM cpaBHHTeJibHO C Tpa.n;HUHOHHblM (cp.: «11H,n:11B11AYaJibHYIO Mattepy TTl1CbMa n11caTeJI51 Ha3bIBaIOT 11HAHBH,ll;yaJibH0-aBT0pCKHM CTHJieM, CTHJieM n11caTerr.si» (oeJib'łH KOB
1 997: 542)).
HoBa.si HHTepnpeTaUH5111J])1.OCnrnH CBH3aHa C MHOroacneKTHOCTblO .n.aHHOro nOH51Tl151, cnoco6Horo l1HTerp11poBaTb pa:3Hble oco6eHHOCTl1 513bll<OBOH JlH'-łHOCTl1 aBTopa ( cp. 113BeCTHOe cy)l(JI.eH11e: «CT11nb -:no caM l!enoBeK» ). C 3TOH TO'-IKl1 3pemrn nont'-IHO npe.n.noJIO)l(HTb, '-!TO uouocmwzb 11MeeT KOMnneKCHbIH xapaKTep, p a3 H OacneKTHO B bi p a )l( a eT C O Q H a Ji b H O - 11 CT O p 11 '-1 e C K YłO c y W. H O C T b , Ha Q11OH aJib H ble, 11HJI.11 B l1JI.YaJib HO-nc11xonor111-1 ecK11e 11 Hp aBCTB eHHO-3Tl1'-!eCKl1e o co 6 e H H O CT l1 l!eJI OBeKa. B 11JI.11 OCTHJie npO51 BJIHeTCH ero M11pOBO33peH11e 11 3HaH11e O MHp e (KOHQenTyaJibHa51 K apT11Ha M 11pa 11 Te3aypyc), o6w.aH 11 H3bIKOBa51 KYJlbTypa B 11X TeKCTOBOM Bonnow.eHl111. H.n.110CTl1Jlb, TaKHM o6pa30 M ' -3TO CTHJlb Jll1'-IHOCTl1 BO BCeM MHOroo6pa31111 ee MHOroypOBHeBblX 11 TeKCTOBblX npOHBJleHl1H (B CTpyKType, ceMaHTHKe 11 nparMaT11Ke TeKCTa).
KoMMYHl1KaTl1BHO-JI.eHTeJibHOCTHbIH no.n.xo.n. K TeKCTY KaK HBJleHHlO 11JI.HOCTl1J1H B ero npoeKQ1111 Ha Bee ypoBHl1 MOJI.en11 513b!KOBOH J111'-!HOCTl1, pa3p a6oTa H H O H łO . H . K a p a y n o B bI M ( B e p 6 a n b H o - c e M a HTl1 '-!ecK1111, KOrHHTHBHbIH, MOTHBaQl10HHbIH), OTKpbrnaeT HOBbie nepcneKTHBbl B pa3BH Tl111 KOMMYHl1KaTHBHOH CTHJ111CTl1Kl1 TeKCTa. Ha Bep6aJibHO- ceMaHTl1'-!eCKOM ypoBHe 3TO aHaJIH3 ynoTpe6neHl151 B npoQecce TeKCTOBOH .n.eHTeJlbHOCTl1 He TOJlbKO CO OTBeTCTBYIO W. 11 X y 3 y c y ' HO 11 H a 116o nee o p 11r11 H a J1 b H blX 11HJI.11Bl1JI.YaJlbHO-aBTOpCKHX H3bIKOBbIX cpeJI.CTB 11 OC06bIX np11eMOB 11X rpaM MaT11'-!eCKOH 11 CTl1J111CTl1'-!eCKOH opraH113aQ1111; 113y'-leH11e peryn51Tl1BHblX TeKCTOBblX CTpYKTYP pa3JIH'łHbIX THnOB , CTl1Myn11py10w.11x nO3HaBaTeJibHYIO .n.e51Ten b H O CTb Y11T aTen 51 ; 11 c cne.n.O B a H 11e o n p e.n.en eHHbI X c n o c o 6 o B acCOQ11aTl1BHOro pa3BepTbIBaHl151 TeKCTa. H.n.110CTl1Jlb npOHBJI51eTCH KaK B «JI.OMl1HaHTHblX 1111'-IHOCTHblX CMbICJlaX», xapaKTepHbIX Jl.J151 aBTOpa (Ha 3TY o c o 6ettHO CTh 11.n.11 o cT11n51 B n epBbie yKa3ana
B . A .
TT 11 w.anbH11KoBa (TT11w.anbHl1KOBa1 992)),
TaK 11 B cneQ11cj>11Ke CMbICJIOBOro pa3BepTbIBaHl151 TeKCTOB , B xapaKTepe Mo.n.en11poBaH1151 11x CMb1cn0B011 cTpyKTYPbI. 3ToT acneKT KOM MYHl1KaTl1BHOH CTl1Jll1CTl1Kl1 TeKCTa OCTaeTC51 He113y'-leH H blM, COCTaBJI51H oco6oe HanpaBJ1eH11e 11ccne.n.0BaHl1H, ocyw.ecTBJ151eMblX Ha CTbIKe C cj>11nonor11YeCKOH rep MeHeBTl1KOH. TTp11 '.lTOM attaJIH3 CMbICJlOBOro pa3BepTb!BaHl151 TeKCTa Ha OCHOBe ero KOM nneKCHOro J111HrBO CTl1J111-CTl1'-!eCKOro 113y'łeHl151 3Ha'łl1M He TOJlbKO CaM no ce6e, HO 11 Jl.Jl51 Bbl51BJieHl151 11JI.HOCTl1Jl51 aBTOpa 11 np1106w.eHl1H K ero B3rJI51JI.Y Ha M11p. 3HaH11e l1Jl.11OCTHJI51 aBTOpa OTKpbIBaeT HOBhie CMbICJIOBbie rny611Hbl ero npO113BeJI.eHl1H. B CTl1Jl11CTl1'łeCKOM attan113e TeKCTa npe11Myw.ecTBeHHOe BHl1MaH11e Jl.OJDKHO0 noH.flmuu «meKCmOBG.f/ HOpMa» 8 KOMMYHUKamuBH.OU . .. HHHA C. 60JlOTHOBA
y.lI,eJUITbCSI ero JieKCH'ł eCKOMY ypoBHIO KaK HaH6onee 3Ha'ł HMOMY B Bbipa)ł(eHHH CMbICJia, CM. TTO.lI,p06Hee (oOJIOTHOBa i
992).
BTopoH, KOrHHTHBHbIH ypoBeHb Sl3bIKOBOH JIH'łHOCTH aBTOpa B npoQecce TeKCTOBOH .lI,eSITeJibHOCTH npoSIBJISieTCSI B H.lI,eHHO-TeMaTH'łeCKOM H HH,IJ,HBH,n:yaJibHO-CTHJIHCTH'łeCKOM CBoeo6pa3HH ero npOH3Be,IJ,eHHH, B TOM, o l.(eM OH TTHWeT, K l.(eMy npH3bIBaeT; KaK, C TTOMOI.l{blO KaKUX cpe,II,CTB OH 3TO
,IJ,eJiaeT. Jifay'łeHHe npOH3Be,IJ,eHHH C 3TOH TO'łKH 3peHHSI nO3BOJISieT cy,IJ,HTb O HOBbIX acneKTax H.ll,HOCTHJISI aBTOpa. IlOCKOJibKY pe'łb HAeT, B KOHe'łHOM C'łeTe, o nOCTH)ł(eHHH ero KOHQenTyaJibHOH KapTHHbl MHpa, Bbipa)ł(eHHOH B oco6oj;j cp o p M e (HanpHMep , xy.lI,O )ł(eCTBeHHOH, eCJIH p e 'łb H.lI,eT o xy,IJ,O)ł(eCTBeHHOM TeKCTe), TO oco6yro 3Ha'łHMOCTb np1106peTaeT acco QHaTHBHOe pa3BepTbIBaHHe TeKCTa. l1MeHHO aCCOQHaTHBHOCTb pe'łe MbICJIH-TenbHOH .lI,eSITeJibHOCTH aBTOpa H a,1I,pecaTa ,IJ,enaeT BO3MO)ł(HbIM HX COTBOp'łeCTBO B pa3HbIX ccpepax 061.l{eHHSI, oco6eHHO B 3CTeTH'łeCKOH. I,-fay'łeHHe TeKCTOBbIX acCOQH8THBHbIX CBSl3eH, CTHMYJIHpOBaHHbIX npe)ł(,IJ,e Bcero JieKCH'łeCKHMH cpe.lI,CTBaMH, CTaHOBHTCSI oco6eHHO aKTyanbHbIM ,IJ,JISI K O MMYHH K 8 T H B H O H CTHJIHCTHKH TeKcTa. 3TO e l.l{e O.ll,HO Ba)ł( H O e HanpaBneHHe, cpopMHpyIOI.l{eecSI Ha CTbIKe C nCHXOJIHHrBHCTHKOH. B ero 3a,IJ,a'łH BXO,IJ,HT BbISIBJieHHe BHJlOB TeKCTOBbIX aCCOQHaTHBHblX CBSł3eH; onpe.lI,eJieHHe HX JIHHrBHCTH'łeCKoro CTaTyca; COOTHOWeHHe TeKCTOBbIX accOQHaTHBHO-CMbICJIOBbIX noneH C ,IJ,aHHbIMH C110BapR acco14uamu8H.blX HOpM ( 1977) J,f PycCK020 acco14uamUBH020 C/IOBapR (
1 994-1 996); pa3pa6oTKa
nOHSITHH «aCCOQHaTHBHOe none TeKCTa» H «aCCOQHaTHBHaSI CTpyKTypa TeKcTa» H T . .lI,. IlpH 3TOM Ba)ł(Ha onopa He TOJibKO Ha caM TeKCT, ero CTPYKTYPY H ceMaHTHKY, HO H Ha noKa3aHHSI SI3hlKOBoro co3HaHHSI peQHnHeHTOB - noTeHQHaJibHbIX a,II,pecaTOB.
TpeTHH , MOTHBaQHOHHhlH ypoBeHh Sl3hlKOBOH JIH'łHOCTH aBTopa B npoQecce TeKCTOBOH .lI,eSITeJibHOCTH OTpa)ł(aeT ee QeJIH H MOTHBbl B HX KOHKpeTHOM pe'łeBOM BOnJIOI.l{eHHH. B CBSl3H C 3THM KOMMYHHKaTHBHaSI CTHJIHCTHKa TeKCTa H3y'łaeT He TOJibKO KOMMYHHKaTHBHbie CTpaTerHH H TaKTHKH TeKCTO Boro pa3BepTbIBaHHSI, HO H HCCJie.lI,yeT HX THTTOBbie oco6eHHOCTH Ha ypOBHe 061.l{ero MO.lI,enHpOBaHHSI H cpe,II,CTB H npHeMOB HX p eaJibH O r o BOflJI O I.l{eH H SI . C 3THM C B Sl3aHa pa3pa60TKa TeopHH peryJISITHBHOCTH - TpeTbero HanpaBJieHHSI KOMMYHHKaTHBHOH CTHJIHCTHKH TeKcTa, pa3BHB8IOI.l{erocSI Ha CTbIKe C nparMaTHKOH.
PeryJISITHBHOCTb BCJie,IJ, 38 E.B. CH.lI,OpOBbIM (CH,II,OpOB
1987)
TpaKTYeTCSI KaK CHCTeMHOe Ka'ł eCTBO TeKCTa , CBSl3aHHOe C ero HHcpopMaTHBHOCTblO,CTpyKTYPHOCTblO , HHTerpan! BHOCTblO . Ti pH K O M M Y HH KaTHBHO ,neineJibHOCTHOM no.u;xo,ne K TeKCTY CTaHOBHTCS! aKTYaJibHbIM H3y'-łeHHe cpe,ncTB peryJUimBHOCTH H cnoco6oB peryJISITHBHOCTH, T.e. npHeMOB opraHH3aQHH TeKCTOBblX MHKpOCTpyKTyp, CTH Myn 11pylO W. H X pe '-ł e M bICnHTenb HYlO ,nesiTeJibHOCTb a.npecaTa. TIOCKOnbKY «3a Ka)l(,nbIM BbICKa3bIBam1eM CTOHT BOneBaSI 3a,na'-ła» {BbiroTCKHH
1 996: 357),
KOTOpaS! COOTHOCHTCS! C OAHHM 113 3TanoB TeKCTOBOro pa3BepTb!BaHHS! H o6w.ei1: QeneBOH nporpaMMOH TeKCTa, B OCHOBY BbI,neneHHS! perynS!THBHbIX cTpyKTYP (perynsiTHBOB) nono)l(eHo OCO3HaHHe a,npecaTOM MOTHBa (MHKpOQenH) B paMKax o6w.ei1: KOMMy HHKaTHBHOH CTµaTer111-1 TeKCTa. Cpe,nCTBa H cnoco6bI perynS!THBHOCTH paccMaTpHBalOTCS! KaK Ba)l(Hble noKa3aTenH H,n11OCTHnSI aBTOpa, llBJUIIOW.HeCS! OCHOBHbIM KJllO'-łOM K nOCTH)l(eHHlO rny6HHHOro CMbICna TeKCTa 11 ero KOMMYH11KaT11BHOro 3cpcpeKTa.B QenoM KOMMYHHKaTHBHaSI CT1'InHCTl1Ka TeKCTa, TaKHM o6pa30M, HaQeneHa
Ha 113y'-łeHHe CTpYKTYPbl, ceMaHTl1KH H nparMaTm<H TeKCTa B HX KOMnneKCHOH COOTHeCeHHOCTH, Ha nOCTH)l(eHHe ero CMbICna H KOMMYHHKaTHBHOro 3cpcpeKTa a,npecaTOM . B COOTBeTCTBHH C aHTponoQeHTpH '-łeCKH M CHCTeM HO ,neinenbHOCTHblM no.u;xo,noM K TeKCTY B Ka'-łecTBe opramt3YIOW.ero KJllO'-łeBoro nOHS!THS! paccMaTpHBaeTCS! HAHOCTHnb , KOTOpbIH nony'-łaeT HOBOe, KOMMYHHKaTHBHOe co,nep)l(aHHe. ,D;aHHOe nOHS!THe cpoKyc11pyeT B ce6e MHOroacneKTHbie npOS!BneHHS! S!3bIKOBOH nH'-łHOCTH aBTopa B CTPYKType, ceMaHTHKe H nparMaTHKe TeKCTa. J,fay'-łeHHe HAHOCTHnS! B KOMMYHH KaT11BHO-,neS!TeJibHOCTHOM acneKTe pacurnpS!eT npe,nCTaBJieHHe '-łHTaTeJISI He TOJlbKO o rny6HHHOM CMbICJie TeKCTa, HO H o JIH'łHOCTH aBTopa. TipH 3TOM KJllO'łeBOH OCTaeTCS! npo6neMa 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTH pe'łeBoro o6w.eHHS!. Ha ee perneHHe H opHeHTHpOBaHbl OCHOBHbie HanpaBneHHS! KOMMYHHKaTHBHOH CTHJIHCTHKH xy,no)l(eCTBeHHOro TeKCTa, CBS!3aHHbie C pa3pa60TKOH TeopHH perynS!THBHOCTH, TeopHH TeKCTOBbIX acCOQHaQHH H C M bICJlOBOro pa3BepTbIBaHHS! TeKCTa.B
pa3pa60TKe Ba)l(HeHllIHX npo6neM KOMMYHHKaTHBHOH CTHJIHCTHKH TeKCTa 3aMeTHOe MeCTO OTBOAHTCS! BonpocaM HOpMan113aQHH B TeKCTOBOH ,neS!TeJibHOCTH. HoBbIM B OCMblCJieHHH ,naHHOH npo6neMbl S!BJIS!eTCS! ee CBS!3b C npo6neMOH rapMOHH3aQHH o6w.eHHS! aBTopa H 'łHTaTeJIS!. TipHHHMaS! BO BHHMaHHe ABYCTOpOHHHH xapaKTep KOMMYHHKaQHH (nepBH'łHYlO H BTOpH'łHYIO KOMMYHHKanrnHyIO ,neS!TeJibHOCTb, CBS!3aHHYIO C TeKCTO o6pa30BaHHeM H BOCTTpHS!THeM H HHTepnpeTaQHeH TeKCTa), cne,nyeT paccMaTpHBaTb TeKCTOBYIO HOpMy B ,neS!TeJibHOCTHOM acneKTe KaK <paKTOp,0 nounmuu «meKCm08GR HOp.Ma» 8 KOMMYHUKGmU8HOU . . . HHHA C. Ei0JI0TH0BA
3Ha'-111 MhIH MS! .z1:i1anor11'-lecKoro 06�eH11S1 aBTopa 11 a.npecaTa, 0Tpa)l(aI0�11ii :nanoH TeKCTOBOH .nesiTenbH0CTl1 .nnsi ,naHHOH ccpepbl o6�eHl1SI. Y'-111TbIBaSI 3 T 0 , o n p e.nen11 M p a c c M a T p 11 B a e M o e n 0 H SITl1 e , K 0 T 0 p o e M 0 )l(H 0 11HTepnpeTHp0BaTb no-pa3H0MY.
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l1p11 3T0M np11H11MaeTCSI BO BHl1MaH11e T0JlhK0 nepB11'-IHaSI TeKCT0BaSI .nesiTenhH0CTb, a caM0 onpe.neneH11e 0CTaeTCSI He,nocTaT0'-IH0 K0HKpeTl1311p0BaHHblM. l1ccne.n:0BaTeJ1b 0TMe'-laeT: «B �enoM SICH0, '-IT0 H0pMa TeKCT006pa30BaHl1SI - C0B0KynH0CTb TaKl1X Sl3bIK0BbIX K a '-l eCTB « n l1 C b M e H H 0ro JI:0K y M eHTa» (11 . P . ranb nep11H), K 0T0pbie 003B0JlS!lOT nocne,nHeMy 6hITb a,neKBaTHOH cpopMOH pe'-leM bICm1TeJ1bH0ro np0113Be,neHl1SI (Bocnp11H11MaTbCSI, o�eHl1BaTbCSI KaK TaKOBaSI). 3To, no cyT11, o6pa3-nocpe,nHl1K, B K0T0p0M 0Tpa)l(eH0 B3a11Monp0Hl1KH0BeH11e cpopMbl 11 co.nep)l(aH11S1, SIBneHl1SI 11 cy�H0CTH, 3acp11Kc11poBaHbl Te He06XOA11Mbie 11 .nocTaT0'łHbie Ka'łeCTBa TeKCTa, K0T0pbie .neHCTBHTenbHO ,neTepM11H11p0BaHbl 3aKoHaMl1 opraH113a�1111 pe'-1eMhICJll1TeJ1hH0ro np0113Be,neH11SI» ()].hIMapcKHH200 I : 152). B
0CH0BH0M cornawaSICb C ,naHHOH TO'łKOH 3peHl1SI, 0TMeTHM, 'łT0 B P S!A n 11 CT0l1T C B Sl 3 bIBaTb H 0 p M bl TeKCT006pa30BaH11 SI T0TTbK0 C n l1Cb M e H H bI M l1 TeKCTa M H . KOHKpeTl1 3 11pysi .nanee n0HSITHe H0p M bl TeKCToo6pa30BaHl1SI, aBT0p C00TH0Cl1T 11X C BHyTpeHHeH paC'-IJleHHH0CTblO CeMaHTl1'łeCK0ro K0HTl1HyyMa, co CBSl3H0CTblO TeKCTa 11 ero CTpoeBbIMH e.n:11 H11�a M 11 . ,ll.aHHaSI T0'łKa 3peHHSI npe,ncTaBnSI:eT HHTepec, X0TSI 11 Y'łl1TbIBaeT rnaBHbIM o6pa30M Cl1HTaKCH'łeCKl1H acneKT TeKCT006pa30BaHl1SI. OcTaHOB H M CSI Ha TpaKT0BKe n0HSITl1SI TeKCT0BaSI H0p M a B K 0 M M y Hl1KaTHBHOH CTl1JlHCTl1Ke. TeKCTOBaSI H0pMa -l )
11CT0p11'łeCKl1 CJ10-)1(11BWl1eCSI, np11HS!Tble B o6�eCTBe 0TH0CHTeJlbH0 ycTOH'łl1Bbie npaB11na TeKCTOBOH .nesi:TeJlbH0CTH, Ha 0CH0Be K0T0pbIX C03JI:aIOTCSI 3TaJI0HHbie MS! o n p e .n e n e H H O H c ep ep bi 0 6 � e H H S! TeKC T bl ;2)
C l1CTeM a K o M M y H 11 KaTHB H0-nparM aT11 'łeCKl1X, )!(a Hp0B0-CTl1Jll1CTl1 'łeCKH X, KOM n 0311�11 0H H0-pe'łeBbIX 11 .npyr11x H0p M , C00TBeTCTBYIO�aSI onpeAeJieHH0MY T11ny TeKCTa, 0Tpa)l(aIO � a SI ero M H 0ronnaH0B0CTb , K 0 M M Y H l1K aTl1 B HYIO CYI.I..\H0CTb, Jl l1HrB l1CTl1'łeCKYIO np11po.ny 11 3KCTpan11HrB11CTl1'-1eCKYIO op11eHTau1110;3)
rapM0HH'łHaSI opraH113aU11S! Bcex :meMeHT0B CTPYKTypbl TeKCTa B C00TBeTCTBl1H C aBT0pCKl1M 3aMbICJI0M 11 op11eHTa�11eH Ha a.npecarn.PacKpoeM nonpo6ttee Ka)l(JlYlO 113 ;:i:a HHbIX 11HTepnpeTaQ1111 pa ccMa Tp11BaeMoro OOHSłTl1Sł.
1 . TeKCTOBaSł HOpMa Ha ypoBHe y3yca (cp. nepBoe 3HalfeH11e TepM11Ha) OTpa)ł(aeT 11Me10ll(HeCSł B 06ll(eCTBe npaB11na 11 Tpa;:i:HQHH 3cp<peKT11BHOH TeKCTOBOH ;:i:eSłTenbHOCTl1 B pa:rn11lfHb!X ccpepax 06ll(eHl1Sl, nylfw11e o6pa3Qbl KOTOpOH cny)l(aT 3TanOHOM }lnSł nopO)l(JJ:eHHSł TeKCTOB , Tl1011lfHbIX AITSł Ka)l(JJ:011 113 ccpep 06ll(eHHSI . Tipe}lCTaBneHHe 06 3TanoHe COOTBeTCTBYIOU(ero T11na TeKCTOB, xapaKTepHOM JlflSł onpe;:i:eneHHoro 3Tana pa3Bl1Tl1Sł o6ll(ecTBa, onpe;:i:enSłeT TeKCTOBYIO }leSłTenbHOCTb HOCl1TeneH Sł3bJKa, nopO)l(}lalOU(HX TTO}l06Hble TeKCTbl. )],nSł TeKCTOBOH HOpMbl , l1HTepnpeT11pyeMOH TaKHM o6pa30M, xapaKTepHbl OTHOCHTenbHaSł ycTOHlfHBOCTb, C03;:i:aIOU(aSł ycnOBl1Sł }lnSł nOHl1MaHl1Sł aBTopa 11 anpecaTa, 11 Bap11aTl1BHOCTb, OTKpbIBaIOU(aSł B03M0)ł(H0CTb ;:i:anbHeHwero pa3Bl1Tl1Sł, COBepweHCTBOBaHHSł TeKCTOBOH }leSłTenbHOCTl1 KOMMYH11KaHTOB.
2. Tiptt HHMaSł BO BHHMaHtte MHOronnaHOBb!H xapaKTep TeKCTa, ero KOMMYHl1KaTHBHYIO cyll(HOCTb; 06beKTl1BHbJe 11 cy6beKTl1B Hble, n11HrBl1-CTI1lfeCKl1e l1 3KCTpanHHrBHCTHlfeCKHe cpaKTOpbl, onpenenSłlOU(He nepBHlfHYIO l1 BTOp11•r n y 10 TeKCTOB YIO }leSłTen b H O CTb ; O C H O B H bJ e K O M TT O H e HTbl cTpyKTypHOH opraHtt3aQHH TeKcTa 11 ero pelfeBy10 np11pony; Qenecoo6pa3HO paccMaTpI-rnaTb TeKCTOBYIO HOpMy B WHpOKOM CMbicne KaK Cl1CTeMy TeKCTOBb!X npaBHn (HOpM) B COOTBeTCTBl111 C KOT0pb!Ml1 C03}laeTCSł TeKCT KaK CflO)l(HblH MHOroacneKTHbIH cpeHOMeH (CM. BTopoe 3HalfeH11e TepM11Ha).
C 3TOH TOlfKH 3peHHSł meKcmOBaR HOpMa KaK TTOHSłTHe, HMeIOU(ee CflO)l(HYIO CTpYKTYPY, BKnIOlfaeT B ce6S1:
l )
KOMMYHHKaTl1BHO-nparMaT11ąecK11e TeKCTOBbJe HOpMbl , onpene ITSłlOU(He 3cpcpeKTl1BHOCTb TeKCTOBOH ;:i:eSłTenbHOCTH Ha OCHOBe ylfeTa cpa KTOpa aupecaTa, BhI6opa OTTTl1ManbHOro KaHana CBSł311 C HHM; COOTBeTCTBHSł TeKCTa ccpepe l1 CHTyaQ11l1 o6ll(eHHSł, cne)l.OBaHl1Sł pelfeBOMY 3Tl1KeTy;2)
HOpMbl cpopMttpoBaHHSł co;:i:ep)l(aTenhHOro nnaHa TeKCTa, OTpa)l(a lOl.l.(11e a,n.eKBaTHOCTb OT6opa MaTep11ana ,n.eHCTBHTenhHOCTl1 , «CTOSłll(eH» 3a TeKCTOM (cpaKTOB, co6bIT11H), aBTOpCKOH l1HTeHQl111, QenSłM 11 3a;:i:alfaM 06ll(eH11S1; npe,n.nonara10l.l.(11e cooTBeTCTBHe conep)l(aTenbHoro nrratta TeKcTa TeMe, 11}lee (aBTOpCKOMY 3aMblCJiy); 3THlfeCKHM 11 3CTeTtt'łeCKl1M HOpMaM, np11HS1TbIM B o6ll(eCTBe B paMKaX }laHHOH ccpepbl 06ll(eHHSł;3)
)l(aHpOB O-CTHJIHCTH'łeCKHe TeKCTOBbie HOpMbl, npennorraraIO U(He optteHTaQHIO TeKCTOBOH ,AeSłTeJihHOCTH HOCHTerrew Sł3b!Ka Ha COOTBeTCTBHe C03)l.aBaeMoro TeKCTa 3aKOHaM onpe,n;erreHHb!X )l(aHpOB 11 CT11rre11 C yąeTOM0 noHJ/muu «meKcm08Clll HOpMa» 8 KOMMYHUKamuBHOU . . . Hl1HA C . 60.Tl0TH0BA
mrnrBHCTH'łeCKHX H 3KCTparrHHrBHCTH'łeCKHX )l(attpoo6pa3yIOll.(HX H CTHJieo6pa3yIOll.(HX cpaKTOpOB, cpe.n,cTB, CTHJieBbIX ąepT;
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K0MTT03HQH0HH0-peąeBbie TeKCT0Bbie H0pMbl, BKJTIO'łaIOll.(He npaBHJia cp opM aJibHOH opraHH3aQHH TeKCTa : a) M0THBHp0BaHHYIO nocrre.n,o BaTeJibH0CTb ąacTeH B pa3BepTbIBamrn co.n,ep)l(aHHll, HX rrorH'łH0CTb H nponopQH0HaJibH0CTb, 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTb 3a'łHHa H K0HQ0BKH, onpaB.n,aHHbIH BbI6op K0Mn03HQH0HH0-peąeBbIX npHeM0B; 6) co6JIIO.D,eHHe pa3JIH'łHbIX ll3bIK0BbIX H0pM, Ba)l(Hb!X ,[l,JI5I TT0HHMaHHll TeKCTa a.n.pecaT0M: cpOHeTH'łeCKHX, opcpo3n11ąecKHX (B ycrroBHllX ycrnoro o6ll.(eHHll), opcporpacp11ąecKHX, nyHKTyaQHOHHbIX (B ccpepe nHCbMeHHOro o6ll.(eHHll), rreKCH'łeCKHX, M o p cp orrorH q eCKHX, CHHTaKCH ąeCKHX, CJIOB006pa30Ba TeJibHbIX, CTHJIHCTH'łeCKHX (B xy.n,o)l(eCTBeHHbIX TeKCTax B03MO)l(Hbl 3CTeTH'łeCKH onpaa.n,aHHbie OTCTynrreHHll OT ll3bIKOBbIX HOpM);5)
TeKCTOBbie HOpMbl, CB513aHHbie C ero Texm1ąeCKHM ocpopMrreHHeM: npe.n,norraraIOll.(He TO'łHOCTb QHTHpOBaHHll H ocpopMJieHHll CHOC0K, CTaTH CTH'łeCKHX .n,aHHbIX, 6116rr11orpacp1111; BKJIIO'łaIOll.(He .n,erreHHe TeKCTa Ha a63aQbI; o60CHOBaHHbIH BbI6op .n,on0JIHHTeJibHbIX rpacpH'łeCKHX cpe.n,CTB, lllpHcpTa H T.,[I,.B QeJIOM .n,aHHall rpaKT0BKa TeKCTOBOH H0pMbl Y'łHTbIBaeT K0MnJieKC cpaKTopoB:
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OCH0BHbie npH3HaKH H CHCTeMHbie Ka'łeCTBa TeKCTa (CH.n,OpOB1987).
PacCMOTpHM no.n,po6Hee .n,aHHbie cpaKTOpbi.KoMMYHHKaTHBHO-nparMaTH'łeCKHe TeKCT0Bbie HOpMbl OCHOBaHbl Ha yą eTe TaKHX KOMTTOHeHTOB M0.D,eJIH peąeBOH KOM MYHHKaQHH, KaK aBTOp, a.n,pecaT, KOHTaKT {KaHaJI CB513H); on11paIOTCll Ha MOTHBa QHOHHbIH H Te3aypyCHblH yp0BHH B MO.D,eJIH 513b!KOBOH JIH'IH0CTH; opHeHTHp0BaHbl Ha KOMMYHHKanrnHbie Ka'łeCTBa peą11 : yMeCTH0CTb, KOMMYHHKaTHBHYIO Qerrecoo6pa3HOCTb, TO'łHOCTb; cpopMHPYlOT LfellbHOCmb H MO.D,aJibHOCTb TeKCTa; onpe.n,eJillIOT ero peryJillTHBHOCTb (cnoco6HOCTb ynpaBJillTb TT03HaBaTeJibHOH .n,ellTeJibHOCTbIO a.n,pecaTa).
TeKCTOBbie HOpMbl cpopMHpOBaHHll co.n,ep)l(aTeJibH0ro nrraHa peąeBoro coo6ll.(eHHll OTpa)l(alOT C00THeceHHOCTb TeKCTa c .n,eHCTBHTeJibHOCTbłO, «CTOllll.(eił» 3a HH M ; onHpaIOTCll Ha Bep6aJibHO-CeMaHTH'łeCKHH H Te3aypyCHbIH ypOBHH 513b!K0BOH JIH'IH0CTH aBT0pa H noTeHQHaJibHOro
a,u;pecaTa; onpe.n.ensnoT TaK11e KalfeCTBa pet111, KaK TOYHOCTb, yMeCTHOCTb; cpopM11py10T CMbICJIOBYJO 3aBepweHHOCTb, OT)J.eJTbHOCTb, u,eJibHOCTb TeKCTa; 11HqlOpMaTl1BHOCTb 11 11HTerpaTl1BHOCTb KaK ero Cl1CTeMHbie KaYeCTBa.
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51Ko6coHa); on11pa10Tc51 Ha Bep6aJibHO-ceMaHT11YecK11i1 11 Te3aypycHhIH ypoBHl1 H3b!KOBOH Jll1YHOCTl1 KOM MY HHKaHTOB ; CBH3a Hbl C KOM MYHH KaTl1BHbIMl1 Ka4eCTB aM11 pe411 - yMeCTHO CTblO 11 K O M M YHl1KaTl1BHOH u.enec o o 6 p a 3 H O C T b IO ; cp o p M 11 p y 10 T Cl1CTe M H bie K a lfeCTBa TeKCTa: 11HTerpaTl1 B H O CTb, CTPYKTYPHO CTb 11 peryJIHT HBHOCTb , a TaK)l(e ero u,eJibHOCTb 11 CMbICJIOBYIO 3aBepweHHOCTb.TeKCTOBbie KOMTTO311U,11OHHO-pe4eBbie HOpMbl onpe.n.eJI51lOTC51 cpaKTOpOM a.n.pecaTa, 11HTeHU,11HMl1 aBTOpa , COOTHeCeHHOCTblO C 513b!KOM (KO)J.OM), c n eu, 11 cp l1 K O H K a H aJi a C B 51 3 H (B n p o e K U, 11 11 Ha M O )J. eJib p e 4 e B O H KOMMYHl1Kau,1111); cpopM11py10TC51 Ha OCHOBe Bep6aJibHO-CeMaHTl1YeCKOro, Te3aypycHoro 11 MOTl1BaU,11OHHOrO ypOBHeH 513b!KOBOM Jil1YHOCTl1 aBTOpa 11 a.n.pecaTa; CB513aHbl C TaKl1Ml1 KOMMYHl1KaT11B HblMl1 Ka4eCTBaMl1 pe411, KaK y M eCT H O CTb , 6 o r a TCTB O , T O 4 H O CT b , 51 C H O CT b , B bipa3 11TeJi b H O CT b , JIOrl14HOCTb; cpopM11py10T CB513HOCTb TeKCTa 11 ero MO)J.aJibHOCTb, a TaK)l(e Cl1CTeMHbie K a lfeCTB a : 11 HTerp aTl1BHOCTb, CTPYKTYP HOCTb, HHcpOpMa THBHOCTb, peryJI51THBHOCTb.
TeKCTOBbie HOpMbl , CB513aHHbie C ero TeXHl1YeCKHM o cpopMJieHJ'1eM, OTpa)l(alOT CBOeo6pa311e KaHaJia CB51311 aBTOpa H a.n.pecaTa B npoeKU,1111 Ha MO)J.eJib pe4eBOH KOMMYHHKau,1111; opHeHT11pOBaHbl Ha MOTl1BaU,J.10HHbIH H Te3aypyCHblH ypoBHl1 513bIKOBOH Jil14HOCTl1 a.n.pecaTa; onpe.n.eJIHIOT TO'łHOCTb H 51CHOCTb pe4eBbIX coo6�eH11i1; cpopM11py10T u,eJibHOCTb H MO)J.aJibHOCTb TeKCTa; ero peryJI51THBHOCTb 11 HHq>OpMaTHBHOCTb.
3. Ha ypOBHe 11H)J.11BH)J.yaJibHOH TeKCTOBOH .n.eHTeJibHOCTl1 11 no.n.xo.n.a «OT
TeKCTa» c ylfeTOM ero )J.BOHHOH CHCTeMHOCTH (K0>1<11Ha1 977; 1 983; 1993):
He TOJibKO 513blKOBOH, HO H pe4eBOH, o6ycJIOBJieHHOH aBTOpCKHM 3aMbICJIOM ,-TeKCTOBa51 HOpMa l1HTepnpeT11pyeTC51 KaK rapMOHl14HOe COOTBeTCTBl1e BCex 3JieMeHTOB TeKCTa, ero cpopMbl H co.n.ep)KaHH51 aBTOpCKOH 11HTeHU,HH H opHeHTaU.HH Ha a.n.pecaTa (cM. rpeTbe 3Ha4em1e TepMHHa). B 3TOM cny4ae TeKCTOBYlO HOpMy MO)KHO paccMarp11BaTb KaK «cpopMy B3al1MOCO)J.eHCTBH51 Me)K)J.y KOMTTOHeHTaMH, KOTopa51 51BJI51eTC51 HaH6onee 6naronpH51THOH )J.JISI IIOJiy'łeHH51 3anporpaMMHpoBaHHOro pe3yJibTaTa» (CT051HOBl14
2004: 62),
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B noc ne,n:HMe ro,nbl npe.n:npMHMM8IOTCH nonbITKl1 paCCMOTpeHl1H rapMOHM 'łeCKOH opraHl138QMl1 TeKCTa He TOJibKO C TO'łKM 3peHMH KOMMYHMKaTMBHOro no.n:xo,na K HeMy (HanpHMep, B paMKax KOMMYHM K8Tl1BHOH CTMJi l1CTMKl1 TeKCTa), HO 11 c TO'-IKl1 3pett11H CTPYKTyptto CMCTeMHoro no.n:xo,na (pa60Tbl H.B. ąepeMMCMHOH, K.3. lllTaHH M .np.) H CMHepreTM'łecKoro
(r.r.
MocKaJib'łYK, H.A. MaHaKOB H ,np .) c BbIHBJieH11eM :meMeHTOB CMMMeTplHI 11 aCHMMeTpMH B CTPYKType TeKCTa, H3y'-!eHl1eM K03Q)Q)HQMeHTOB HX npMCYTCTBMH B pa3Hb!X MeCTaX TeKCTa (,naHHblH no,nxo.n: Tpe6yeT ,naJibHeHLUeH pa3pa60TKM).B CBH311 C KOMMYHMK3Tl1BHOH cyll.{HOCTbIO TeKCTa TeKCTOBaH HOpMa BKJIIO'łaeT o6H3aTeJibHYIO op11ettTaQM10 Ha a.n:pecaTa, T.e. oHa npe,nnonaraeT BbI6op onpe,neJieHHOH peryJIHTHBHOH CTpaTerMM, pa3JIM'łHbIX peryJIHTMBHbIX cpe,n:CTB 11 CTpyKTyp, o6ycJIOBJieHHhlX ueJIHMl1 11 MOTMB8MM aBTOpa. ITOCKOJibKY 38 TeKCTOM «CTOHT» He TOJibKO H3blKOBbie JIMYHOCTM aBTOpa M a,npecaTa, HO H H3b!K (KOA), ,neHCTBHTeJibHOCTb, KaHaJI CBH3M (cp. MO,neJib pe'łeBOH KOMMYHMKaQMH
P.O.
51Ko6coHa), TeKcToBaH HOpMa npe,nnonaraeT T8KOH OT6op 11 TaKYlO opraHH38QHIO H3bIKOBbIX cpe,n:CTB, KOTOpbie HaM6onee COOTBeTCTB YIOT c o,ne p)l(8HMIO (cp. CBH3b C KOMnoHeHTOM «,ne H CTBMTeJibHOCTb» ) , K a Harry CBH3M ( OpMeHT8QHH Ha CTHJIHCTM'łeCKMH y3yc, )1(8HpOBble K8HOHbl, ccj)epy o6ll.{eHHH, xapaKTep CHTyaQHH 11 T.,n.) H cj)aKTOpy a.n:pecarn.Ha rapMOHH'-IHOe o6 ll.{eHHe aBTOpa H a,npecaTa H opMeHTMpOBaHa T e K C T O B a H Hop M a , MM eIO ll.{ 3 51 K O M M Y H H K a THBHbIH x a p a K Tep H Q)OKycMpyIOll.{851 MHTeHQHH yYaCTHHKOB o6ll.{eHMH. B CBH3M C 3THM TeKCTOBaH HOpMa CBH38Ha C nOHHTHeM «KOMMYHHK8THBHble YHHBepcaJIHM» (EoJIOTHOBa
1 992; 200 l ).
JieKCM'łeCKHe KOMMYHHKaTMBHhie yHMBepcanm1 TpaKTYIOTCH KaK o6ycJIOBJieHHbie KOMMYHMK8TMBHOH npHpo,noił TeKCTa 38KOHOMepHOCTM ero CJIOBeCHOH opraHM38QMH: 38KOHbl H peaJIM3YIOll.{He HX npHHQHnbl. B c<pepe xy,no)l(eCTBeHHOH JIMTepaTypbl K HMM OTHOCHTCH, HanpMMep: 38KOH 3 CTeTM'łeCKH o6 ycJIOBJieHHOH CMbICJIOBOH «M36bITO'łHOCTM», 38KOH ')CTeTH'łeCKH OpHeHTHpOB8HHOH '3KOHOMMH H3blKOBbIX cpe,n:CTB, 38KOH r a pM O H M '-! e C K O r o COOTBeTCT BHH T e K CTOBOH n a p a,n:11 r M a T H K H H CMHTarMaTMKM, 3aKOH rapMOHHYeCKOro COOTBeTCTBHH THTTOBblX M YHHK8JibHbIX TeKCTOBblX aCCOQH3QHH. ,lJ;aHHbie 3aKOHbl peaJIH3YIOTCH B 16 npHHQH n a x : «MH oroKpaTHoe ycMJieHHe xapaKTepHoro npM3HaKa xy,no)KeCTBeHHOH pe aJIHH»; «OAHOBpeMeHHaH aKTyaJIH3aQHH pa3HblX CMbICJIOBbIX npH3HaKOB xy,no)l(eCTBeHHOH peaJIHM, CTHMYJIHpOB3HHblX0.ll.Hl1M c n o B O M » ; « 3 K C n n 11 K a U.l1 H C M blCnO B blX n p 11 3 H a K O B 0.ll.HOH xy .lJ.O)l(eCTBeHHOH pean1111 '-łepe3 cooTHoweH11e ( cpaBHeH11e, conocTaBneH11e) c ,n:pyroii xy.no)l(eCTBeHHOH pean11ei1» 11 .np.; CM. o Hl1X no.npo6Hee (EonoTHOBa
1 992; 200 I ).
O6beKTl1BHblH xapaKTep 3Tl1X 3aKOHOB, 11X npaKTl1'-łeCKaH peam13aU.11H B XY.lJ.O)l(eCTBeHHbIX TeKCTax pa3HblX Tl1nOB n03BOnHIOT OTHOCHTb HX K TeKCTOBOH HOpMe, xapaKTepHOH .nnH xy.no)l(eCTBeHHOH n11TepaTypb1. (O TOM, xapaKTepHbl n11 .naHHbie 3aKOHbl MH .npyr11x ccpep KOMMYHHKau.1111, MO)l(HO 6y.neT CY.ll.HTb no cneu.11anbHO npoBe.neHHbIM 11ccne.noBaHHHM).
O'-łeBH.lJ.HO, '-łTO pean113aU.HH .naHHbIX KOMMYHHKaTHBHblX YHHBepcamfH HeCeT Ha ce6e ne'-łaTb TBOp'-łeCKOH HH.ll.HBH.ll.YanbHOCTH aBTOpa, OT.na10w,ero npe.nno'łTeHHe pa3Hb!M 3aKOHaM 11 npHHU.HnaM, nony'łaIOW,HM pa3nH'łHOe neKc11qecKoe Bonnow,eHHe B ero npo113Be.nett11Hx. TaK, 11ccne.n0Batt11e
11.H.
T IOKO BOH, H a n p 11 M e p , 0 0 3 B O n 11 no onpe.nenHTb 0.lJ.HO BpeMeHHYIO p e a n 113a U. 11 10 H e C K O n bK 11 X K O M M YH11 K a T l1B Hb[ X y H H B e p c a n H H 11 .lJ.OMHHHpOBaHHe 3aKoHa 3CTeTH'-łeCKH OpHeHTHpOBaHHOH CMbICnOBOH «1136bITO'łHOCTH» B n11p11Ke E.J1. IlacTepHaKa (T10K0Ba2004).
BhrnBneHo, '-łTO MH no3Ta oco6eHHO xapaKTepeH nOBTOp CTHnHCTH'łeCKOro npHeMa on111.1,eTBOpeHl1H, pean113y10w,11H 3aKOH CMbICnOBOH «H36bITO'łHOCTH ». «.5IpKOH oco6eHHOCTblO 11.lJ.H0CTHnH no3Ta HBnHeTCH K0ppenHU.HH 3aK0Ha 3CTeTl1'łeCKl1 op11eHTl1pOBaHHOH CMbICnOBOH «1136bITO'łHOCTH» 11 3aKOHa 3CTeTl1'łeCKl1 o6ycnoBneHHOH «3K0HOMl111» B cnoBeCH0-XY.lJ.O)l(eCTBeHHOM CTpYKTyp11poBaHl1l1 ero np0113Be.neHHH.Y
CTaH0BneH0, 'łT0 3TH 3aK0Hbl B3a11Mo.neiicTBYIOT KaK Ha ypoBHe oT.nenbHhIX TeKCTOBhIX cTpyKTYP (rpone11'-łeCKl1X 6noKOB pa3Hb[X Tl1nOB), TaK 11 Ha ypOBHe u.enoro TeKCTa» (TIOKOBa2004: 28).
TeKCTOBaH HOpMa 11MeeT He TOnbKO 06beKTl1BHbIH, HO 11 cy6beKTl1BHbIH xapaKTep, T.K. HHl1l.J.11aTOpOM TeKCTOBOH .neHTenbH0CTl1 HBnHeTCH aBTOp, BOnnow,aIOW,11H CB0l1 11HTeHU.1111 11 CBOH HenOBTOpl1MbIH CTl1nb, H O .neiicTBy10w,11 u B c11 n y KOMMY H l1K aTHBHOH cyw,H0CTH T e K c T a n o o6beKTl1BHbIM 3aKOHaM TeKCT006pa30BaHl1H B CO0TBeTCTBl111 C H3bIK0BbIMl1 H0pMaM11, 3aK0HaMl1 CTl1nH 11 )l(attpa, cneu.11cp11KOH ccpepbl o6w,eHl1H 11 T . .lJ.. TeKCTOBaH H0pMa, TaKl1M o6pa30M, CBH3aHa C nOHHTl1HMH CTepe0Tl10HOCTl1 11 TB0p'łeCTBa (cp. cepmo c6opH11KOB «CTepeOTHOHOCTb 11 TBopąecTBO B TeKCTe», 113,AaHHYIO y'łeHbIMl1 IlepMCKOro YHl1Bepc11TeTa), Op11eHT11p0BaHa He T0nbKO Ha H3bIKOBbie 11 K0Mn0311U.110HHbie K0HCTaHTbl , 06w,11e
0 nmlflmuu «meKCmOBG.R HOpMa» 8 KOMMYHUKamUBHOU . . . HHHA C. 60JIOTHOBA y3yca, HO 11 Ha MOTl1B11pOBaHHbie TBOp'łeCKl1M 3aMbICJIOM OTCTynneHl151 OT Hl1X. B TeKCTax pa3Hb!X Tl1nOB COOTHOWeH11e CTepeOTl1nHoro 11 TBOp'łeCKOro
Ha'łan pa3Jil1'łHO. B Ka'łecrne np11Mepa np1-rneJJ,eM 11ccneJJ,0BaH11e
M.A.
BeHrpaHOBH'-1 , B KOTOpOM y6e,n;HTeJibHO noKa3aHO, 'łTO «BHYTPHTeKCTOBOe Cl(en n e H 11 e Tpa.n;l1l(11 0 H H blX :r neMeHTOB (M11K p o cp opMyn) B H YTPl1 cjlOJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa C03JJ,aeT pe'łeBylO Cl1CTeMHOCTb oco6oro po.D,a -Tpa,11.HI.\HOHHYIO no CBOeH cpyHKl(l10HanbHO-CTl1Jil1CTl14eCKOH xapaKTepHOCTH 11 OJJ,HOBpeMeHHO OTKpbITYlO, cnoco6Hyl0 B Bap11aTl1BHOCTl1, o6paw.eHHYlO B 06w11pHy10 Me)KTeKCTOBYJO o6naCTb - K MaKpOTeKCTY eJJ,11HOH cjlOJibKJIOpHOH TPaJJ,11l(1111» (BeHrpaHOBH4 2004: I 09).
TeKCTOBbie HOpMbl , HeCMOTp51 Ha OTHOCl1TenhH YlO CTa611JibHOCTb, 11CTOpl1'łeCK11 113MeH'łl1Bbl 11 Bapb11py10TC51 B 3aBl1Cl1MOCTl1 OT T11na TeKCTa (npe)l{JJ,e BCero OT ero )l{aHpOBO-CTl1nl1CTl14eCKl1X oco6eHHOCTeH , OT ccpepbl o6w.eHl151, OT n11TepaTypHoro HanpaBJieHl151, K KOTOpOMY np11Ha.D,ne)l{l1T aBTOp, «CT051W.11H» Ja TeKCTOM), OT aBTOpCKl1X 11HTeHl(11H 11 cpaKTOpa a.D,pecaTa . ,LI.anbHeHWa51 pa3pa60TKa nOH51Tl151 «TeKCTOBa51 HOpMa» npe.D,CTaBmleT 3Ha'łl1TeJibHbIH 11HTepec He TOJibKO JJ,JI51 KOMMYHHKaTl1BHOH CTl1n11CTl1Kl1 TeKCTa, HO 11 M51 KOMMYHHKaTl1BHOH Jil1HrB11CTl1Kl1 B l(enoM.
Eenb'łHKOB IO.A., 1 997, CmtlJlb. - PyccKwi RJbIK: 3Ht/UK1wneouJ1, MocKBa.
EonoTHOBa
H.C.,
1 992, Xyoo:J1CecmBeHHbn1 meKcm 6 KOMMYHUKamuBHOM acneKme u KOM/l/leKCHblli OHOJIU3 eOUHUL/ neKCUl/eCK020 ypo6Hl/, ToMCK.EonoTHOBa
H .C.,
1 992, KoMMYHUKamuBHbte yHuBepcanuu u ux neKcu'lecKoe 60/l/lOUfeHUe 6 xyoo:J1Cecm6eHHOM meKcme, «<l>HJIOJIOfH'IeCKHe HayKH», N24, MocKBa.EonoTHOBa
H.C.,
1 996, KpamKOll ucmopUJI cmi1J1ucmuKu xyoo:J1Cecm6eHHOli pe'lu 6 Poccuu (K ucmOKQ.M KOMMYHllKOmU6HOU cmtlJIUCmUKU meKcma), TOMCK. EonoTHOBa H.C., 1 997, KoMMyHuKamuBHOll cmi1J1ucmuKa meKcma u ee oco6eHHocmu- MamepuMbl Me:J1COyHapoOH020 coeJOa pycucmoB 6 KpacHoRpcKe (
1-4
OKmR6pR1997),
T.1 , KpacttollpCK.EonoTHOBa
H.C.,
1998,O
cmamyce KoMMyHuKamuBHOli cmi1J1ucmuKu meKcma u nepcneKmuBax ee pa1BumUJ1, «lhBecTHJI AnrnikKoro ytt-Ta», N23 (8), Eapttayn. EonoTHOBa H.C., Ea6eHKO M.11., BacHJibeBa A.A ... , 200 1 , KoMMyHuKamuBHOll cmu nucmuKa xyoo:J1Cecm6eHH020 meKcma: neKcul/ecKM cmpyKmypa u uouocmLIJlb , TOMCK.ooJJOTHOBa H.C., 2003, Ko.MMYHUKamu6Ha11 cmw1ucmuKa xyoo:>1cecm6eHH020
meKcma. - Cmwn1cmu'leCKULi 3Hl/UK11011eou'lecKwi cno6apb pyccKozo J/3btKa I
Ilo.n pe.n.
M.H.
KO)l(Httoi-t, MocKaa.
BettrpattOBH'ł
M.A. ,
2004, Tpaou4uoHHocmb KaK 6a3o6aR cmiue6aR 'lepma
c/JonbK11op1-1020 meKcma.
-
Cmepeomun1-1ocmb u
m60p'lecm6o
6
meKcme:
Me:>1C6y3. c6. Hay'IH. mpyoo6 I 0TB. pe.n. M. TI. KoTIOpoaa, TiepMb.
BHHOKYP
r.o.,
1 959, J,f36paHHbte pa6ombt no pyCCK0MY J/3blKY, MocKBa.
B11tt0Kyp T.f., 1 993, To6op11u1uii u cnyiua1ou1w1. BapuaHmbt pe'le6020 no6e0el-lLIJI,
MocKaa.
Kapaynoa
IO.H.,
1987, PyccKuLi R3btK u J/3btK06aJ/ llU'll·WCmb, MocKBa.
Km1<11tta
M. H.,
1 977, Cmw1ucmuKa pyccKozo J/3btKa, MocKBa.
Km1mtta
M. H.,
1983, Cmwn1cmuKa pyccKozo R3b1Ka, 2-e U30., MoCKBa.
Km1mtta M. H., 1993, Cmw1ucmuKa pyccK020 J/3b1Ka, 3-e u30. , MocKBa.
Km1<11tta
M.H.,
2002, Pe'le6e0eHue u QJYHKL/UOI-IQJ/b/-laJ/ cmunucmuKa: 60npocb1
meopuu. J,f36paHHble mpyobt, TiepMb.
Matta1<0B
H.A.,
MocKaJJh'łYK
r.r.,
2004, K 6onpocy o cuwne3e Mamepuanbl-lblX u
uoeanbHblX xapaKmepucmuK meKcma. - Xyoo:>1cecm6eHHblli meKcm: 6apuaHmb1
uHmepnpemai1uu: Mamepuanb1 IX Me:>IC6Y306CK0Li Hay'l.-11paKm. Ko11c/J. (20-21
MQJI. 2004 2.). Bhm. 9, 011i1cK.
MaTBeeaa T.B. , 2003, HopMa. - Y'le61-1bni cno6apb: pyccKuLi R3btK, Kynbmypa pe'lu,
cmwwcmuKa, pumopuKa, MocKBa.
MocKaJJb'-IYK
r.r.,
1 998, CmpyKmypHaJI 0p2GHU3GL/L/J/ u CaMO0p2CIHU3aL/UJ/ meKcma,
Eapttayn.
O'iepKu ucmopuu HCIY'IH0ZO cmu1111 pyccK020 numepamypHozo J/3btKa XVIII-XX 66.,
T.I:
Pa36umue Hay'lH0Z0 cmWlR 6 acneKme QJYHKL/UOHupo6aHuJI J/3btK06blX eouHUL/
pa311U'lHblX ypo6HeLi, 'ł.
I ;
'ł.
II:
CmunucmuKa Hayl/1-1020 meKcma ( o6L/./Ue napa
Mempb1) , 'ł.
I , 'ł. 2, no.u pe.u. npocp.
M.H.
Km1<11ttoi-t, 1 994- 1 998, TiepMb.
TeKcm: cmepeomun u m6op'lecm6o: MeJ1C6y3. c6. Hay'IH. mpyoo6, OTB. pe.u.
M.TI.
KoT10poaa, 1 998, TiepMb.
TIOKOBa
11.H.,
2004, KoMMyHuKamu6Hb/e YHU6epcanuu u ux neKCU'leCK0e 60nll0L/./eHLte
6 nupuKe E.H. IlacmepHaKa ( Ha Mamepuane KHUZU «Cecmpa MOR - :J/Cl/31-łb»):
ABTOpecp . .D.HC . . . . Katt.u. Q)HJJOJJ. ttayK, ToMCK.
C11.uopoa E.B., 1 987, Ilpo6neMbl pe'le6oii cucmeMHocmu, MocKBa.
CmepeomunHocmb u m60p'lecm6o 6 meKcme: MeJ1C6y3. c6. Hay'IH. Tpyoo6, OTB. pe.u.
M.TI. KoTIOpoBa,1 999, TiepMb.
CmepeomunHocmb u m6op'lecm60 6 meKcme: Me:>1C6y3. c6. Hay'l1-1. TPY.D.OB , OTB. pe.u.
M.TI.
KoTIOpoBa, 2002, IlepMb.
CmepeomunHocmb u m60p'lecm6o 6 meKcme: MeJ1C6y3. c6. 1-1ay'IH. Tpyoo6, OTB. pe.u.
M.TI.
KoTIOpoBa, 2003, IlepMb.
Q nOJ-lf/muu «meKCmOBG.fl HOpMa» 6 KOMMYHUKamUBHOU . ..
