II IN T E R N A T IO N A L C O N FE R E N C E __________
T R A N S P O R T SY ST E M S T E L E M A T IC S T S T '02
ZE SZ Y T Y N A U K O W E PO L IT EC H N IK I ŚLĄ SK IEJ 2002
T R A N SP O R T z.45, nr kol. 1570
telematic service fo r traveller, transport management system, transportation system simulation L uigi LA F R A N C A 1
G iuseppe SA L V O 2 S ergio A M E N T A 3
A R E A L -T IM E IN FO R M A T IO N SY ST E M FO R URBAN BUS SE R V IC E M A N A G E M E N T
The aim o f research is producing a floating vehicle car data (FVD) elaboration system to analyse speed and vehicle location; a system realizable by telematic development. Based on an intensive study of information collection, database structure, data process and information dissemination, this paper develops real time traveler information tool.
SY ST E M IN FO R M A C Y JN Y CZASU R ZE C Z Y W IST EG O D LA ZA R ZĄ D ZA N IA K O M U N IK A C JĄ A U T O B U SO W Ą
Celem badań jest opracowanie systemu służącego do analizy prędkości oraz możliwości zlokalizowania pojazdów; systemu, który jest możliwy do zrealizowania dzięki rozwojowi telematyki. Na podstawie intensywnych studiów na temat przetwarzania danych oraz struktury bazy danych referat rozwija temat narzędzia związanego z rzeczywistym czasem przekazywania informacji.
1. IN TR O D U C TIO N
T h e different public utility m arket conditions o f the public transport services utility and th e m odified rules and laws (liberalization, privatisation), im pose adopting appropriate pattern to a b usiness services adm inistration . C om petition betw een different se cto r’s establishm ents, (costs reduction, w astes elim ination, profits increase) have caused adoption o f m onitoring system , telem atic and autom ation service and netw ork system s. T elem atic public utility services enable to im prove the quality and to increase people quality life. A utom ation and telem atic control represents a transparent opportunity to inhabitants inform ation and com m unication, because o f m ake possible a better inform ation organization. O ur w ork is an elaboration floating vehicle car data (FVD) application, to analyse speed and vehicle location;
a system realizable by telem atic developm ent.
1 Professor, University o f Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aeronáutica e dei Trasporti, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy, lafranca@unipa.it
2 Lecture, University o f Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aeronáutica e dei Trasporti, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy, salvo@diat.unipa.it
3 Civil engineer, serament@ tin.it
346 L uigi L A FR A N C A , G iuseppe SA LV O , S ergio A M EN TA
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Fig. 1. Data flow chart 2. T E L EM A T IC C O N T R O L
In view o f an increasingly overloaded traffic infrastructure, the existing dem and for transport should be handled w ith the greatest possible efficiency and environm ental com patibility. O ne very prom ising approach is to use car m ore efficiently for com m uter traffic, particularly during peck period. D espite a w ell-structured local public transport netw ork, tw o-thirds o f all com m uters in P alerm o's urban area currently use an autom obile to travel to w ork.
For econom ic reasons it is seldom p ossible to offer attractive bus to service residential areas and w ork-places, w hich lie outside the m ain transport arteries.
U sing FV D analysis m akes possible im proving transport service planning, and are qualified to analyse collective transport system . D ata are ab o u t vehicle position and are collected by G PS.
T he G PS -based system and digital data com m unication will provide vehicle status inform ation. T his capability w ill enable to provide itineraries based on actual vehicle speed.
V ehicle bearing and real tim e inform ation technology are for passengers the heart for a system realized to im prove bus list in P alerm o.
“N A V S T A R G P S ” , (N A V igation S atellite T im ing and R anging G lobal P o sition System ) position system is based on receiving radio signal from an artificial satellite constellation.
D evices for collecting and analysing space-tem poral data o f trips using G PS are (1) GPS antenna and receiver, (2) data collector and (3) GIS softw are. T w o kinds o f m ethods are p ossible using real-m ade goods.
A real-tim e inform ation system for urban bus service m anagem ent 347 System 1: carrying the hardw are com bined GPS antenna, receiver and data collector, and collecting data in it.
System 2: carrying GPS antenna and receiver connected portable com puter, and collecting data in the com puter.
In both o f two system s, after collecting data w e transfer data to m ain com puter and analyse on GIS softw are. System 1 has many problem s as battery, operation, capacity o f m em ory, and in term s o f portability since the device m ust be kept so that it can receive signals from a clear sky, therefore it is not suited to collecting m ultiple days trip data. System 2 is exclusive for collecting vehicle trip data but we tried to develop the system that can collect trip data o f m ultiple days by sim ple operation. T herefore it continually collects GPS data o f consecutive days for a week, m onth o r year, w ithin capacity o f hard disk o f a portable com puter.
E very vehicle w as equipped w ith a GPS system , controlled at least from 4 satellite (but often they are 6 o r 8) and it gives output data organized in report to transfer them o r to the m ain operative office by radio link or to other peripheral device by RS232.
S ystem consist o f 80 bus -m o stly belonging to central lines- equipped w ith boarding com puter and bus shelter in main city street w ith display for real tim e passenger inform ation.
B us, w ith GPS and interface w ith different control sensor, are “interview ed” every 40 seconds to detect on control centre vehicle position, updating the bus's position on a digital map.
M o n ito r for passenger inform ation is a one line L ED display w ith the num ber o f the line and the tim e scheduled (in m inutes) o f next bus approccing; m oreover this display receive d ata from control centre.
P osition data from GPS are referred to a coordinate system W G S 84 different from the Italian co ordinate system . So w e have realized a roto-traslation system o f position data by function calibrated on 6 city point coordinate, using a differential GPS (4 cm precision)
C haracters, from radio link like T C P /IP racket, are transferred to a server and m em orized for a next elaboration.
348 Luigi L A FR A N C A , G iuseppe SALV O , S ergio A M EN TA
Fig.2. The system architecture
T he w hole system includes four subsystem s: static database, dynam ic database, data process system and interface.
T h e static datab ase stores such netw ork inform ation as geographic inform ation, bus lines and bus stop, w hile dynam ic database contains real-tim e transit d ata (vehicle location).
F or data analysis a softw are o f control has been developed in V isual B asic 6, TR A C E , in degree to d ecode alphanum eric lace created by the system G PS o f edge. Every record is divided in standard fields and m em orized inside a chart o f database related to th e single vehicle. D uring th e elaboration, data that have lines, fields o r characters not correspondents to the standard layout o r that they have sting som e cartographic lim its o f the area covered by the service out, they are discarded and introduced in an independent chart. A system o f control guarantees that are n o t present redundant data.
T he w hole the data as picked they have reported to the served line and th e single bus, identified through a num ber o f register and to w hich have associated som e technical characteristics (brand, type o f feeding, length). T h e system includes m ap display o f the service area and the transit n etw ork based on geographic inform ation system (G IS). W e use A rcview GIS softw are for displaying and analysing gives GPS.
D ata collected constitutes a historical file o f the net u n d er different co nditions o f circulation. B eginning from the analyses developed on such file it is been able studied the course o f th e speed along an arc o f net, in correspondence o f different geom etric configurations and regulation. Y ou can build the curves o f outflow this w ay able to furnish the m iddle speed o f circulation o f the single run in order to som e param eters o f reference and therefore o f general application. It is possible so to have a m odel o f service p lanning that keeps track o f the conditions o f outflow o f the interested roads and able to furnish values o f tim es o f w ait m ore likely to the use.
A real-tim e inform ation system for urban bus service m anagem ent______________ 349
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Fig.3. Speeds o f the buses long central arteries of the city during the time-peek (km/h)
3. PER SPEC TIV ES O F D EV ELO PM EN T
In this study, w e developed the travel data collecting and analysing system s using GPS and GIS.
A first step interests the palings o f the stops that can w ork independently from control centre, receiving the data from the each bus that goes approaching and furnishing the tim e o f arrival directly. T he data, as T C P /IP packets, can also have consulted from the consum ers from postings internet.
T hanks to use o f G PSs, bus can record his position autom atically inside a virtual zone around the sem aphores in the intersections and to com m and his ow n priority.
T he telem atic control is an irreplaceable tool either for the autom ation and the m anagem ent o f a service o f transport public, either for the harvest and the elaboration o f the d ata and the inform ation w ithdraw n by the " field " (environm ental m onitor o f the territory).
T h e telem atic control represent, therefore, a m anagerial solution for the firm s shopkeepers to im prove the relationships with the use and to increase the satisfaction o f the users and a tool fo r the p u blic adm inistrations (town, provincial and regional) and for the organism s o f control (authority and guarantors), for environm ent m onitoring and for the prom otion o f a sustainable m obility.
350 Luigi LA FR A N C A , G iuseppe SA LV O , S ergio A M E N TA
B IB L IO G R A PH Y
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R eview er: Ph. D. G rzegorz D ydkow ski
