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(1)

Spent nuclear fuel

Mats Jonsson

KTH Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

II Letnia Szkoła Energetyki i Chemii Jądrowej

(2)

Spent nuclear fuel

Mats Jonsson, KTH Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

E-mail: matsj@kth.se

(3)

The nuclear fuel cycle

(4)

Who is Mats Jonsson?

• MSc in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (1991)

• PhD in Nuclear Chemistry (1995)

• Postdoc at NRC, Ottawa, Canada (1995/1996)

• Researcher at ABB Corporate Research (Swe) (1996/1997)

• Assistant Professor at KTH (1997-2003)

• Associate Professor at KTH (2003-2005)

• Professor (Nuclear Chemistry) at KTH (2005-)

• Head of department of Chemistry (2009-2011)

• Vice Dean School of Chemical Science and Engineering (2011-)

(5)

Mats Jonsson: Research history

• 1991-1996: Free radical (radiation) chemistry

• 1996/1997: Reactor chemistry (CRUD)

• 1997-1999: Free radical chemistry (including polymer chemistry)

• 2000- : Geological repositories for spent nuclear fuel, Interfacial radiation chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Photocatalysis

• Focus on radiation chemistry

(6)

Lectures: Outline

• Part 1: Characteristics of spent nuclear fuel

• Part 2: Geological repositories for spent nuclear fuel

• Part 3: Reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel

• Part 2 is the main part

(7)

Part 1: Characteristics of spent nuclear fuel

• What is nuclear fuel?

• What happens to the nuclear fuel in the reactor?

• What is spent nuclear fuel?

(8)

Nuclear fuel (UO

2

)

(9)

Fuel manufacturing

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Nuclear fuel

• Ceramic material with very high density

• Homogeneous material

• Chemically fairly stable in the absence of oxidants (e.g. O2)

• UO2 powder is pyrophoric in oxygen atmosphere!

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Fuel elements

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What happens in the reactor?

(13)

What happens in the reactor?

(14)

Fission product distribution

(15)

Composition of spent nuclear fuel

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Composition of spent nuclear fuel

(17)

What happens in the reactor?

• The pellets are exposed to intense radiation fields

• The temperature gradient in the pellet is extreme

• Vibrations in the fuel bundles

(18)

Nuclear fuel after use in the reactor

(19)

More spent fuel

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Uranium distribution

(21)

Noble metal inclusions (fission

products)

(22)

Noble metal inclusions

• Sometimes called e-particles or e-phase

• Composed of metals that are insoluble in the oxide matrix

(23)

Spent nuclear fuel is

• a highly heterogeneous material (chemical composition and microstructure)

• a hot material both in terms of temperature and radioactivity

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Radioactivity

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Spent nuclear fuel can be seen as

• a resource containing fissile material for nuclear fuel

• OR

• waste containing highly radiotoxic elements

Both are correct! (The second one is always correct)

(26)

Options

(27)

End of part 1

Cytaty

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