A N N A L E S D E L A S O Q l E T E G E O L O G I Q U E D E P O L O G N E
T o m ( V o l u m e ) X X X I X — 1969 Z e s z y t ( F a s c i c u l e ) 1—3 K r a k ó w 1969
Z IB IL L A D. K A C H A R A V A *
THE NUMMULITES AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE LOWER EOCENE DEPOSITS IN THE VICINITY OF THE GUMBATHI
VILLAGE (SOUTHERN GEORGIA)
3 . Д . К А Ч А Р А В А
Нуммулиты и стратиграфия нижнеэоценовых отложений села Гумбати (Южная Грузия)
In Georgia the N um m ulites appear for the first tim e in the Paleocene.
In the m entioned deposits of the district Thethri-Tskaro (the southern part of the Republic) a sm all fauna of Nummulites fraasi d e l a H a r p e and N. solitarius d e l a H a r p e was found ( K a c h a r a v a I., 1960;
M r e v l i s h v i l i N., 1965).
Above, in the deposits of the Lower Eocene a richer and more di
versified N um m ulites fauna is present described by I. K a c h a r a v a (1936); M. P o p ' k h a d z e (1956); N. M r e v l i s h v i l i (1960, 1965) and N. S a l u k v a d z e (1964).
The richest fauna of the Lower Eocene w as found by the present w riter in the vicin ity of the village Gumbathi in the deposits 34 m thick.
This village is situated at the foot of the southern slope of the Thria
leth i range, in the basin of a sm all river Gum bathi-Tskali, a le ft tributary of the river Khrami.
The first investigator to describe this section was P. G a m k r e l i - d z e (1949). According to his data the deposits of the Bordjomi flysch are observed in both limbs of the Gumbathi anticline.
According to this author, the thin-bedded clayey marls are found above the Upper Cretaceous in the southern limb of the anticline. Above, after a small discontinuity in the outcrops, follow sandstones alternating w ith clayey sandstones. The latter are unconform ably covered by Mio- -P liocene conglomerate.
These flysch deposits according to P. G a m k r e l i d z e belong to P aleocene-L ow er Eocene.
Later on, this section was described in detail by M. P o p k h a d z e and M. K a c h a r a v a (1955). According to their data in the southern limb of the Gumbathi anticline from the bottom to the top are exposed:
1. light-grey clays w ith m icroforam iniferal fauna of Paleogene age:
Glomospira charoides P. et J., Ammodiscus incertus d’O r b., Dorothia retusa C u s h . , Gaudryina laevigata pyr am idata C. et J., Bolivinoides
* A ddress: Z ib illa D. K a ch a ra va — Зибилла Д. Качарава, T b ilisi, B a rn ova 64.
GS SR.
— 346 —
decorata J o n., Gyroidina aff. globosa H a g., Stensidina caucasica S u b b . , Globigerina aff. frontosa S u 'b b ., Anomalina velascoensis C u s h .
2. thin-bedded yellow ish, fine-grained and m edium -grained sand
stones alternating w ith thin-bedded, yellow ish -grey sandy clays.
In the sandstones w ere found N um mu lit es planulatus L a m k. (A, B), N. atacicus L e y m. (A, B) and N. globulus L e y m . (A, B), w hereas in th e clays — m icroforam inifers of the Globorotalia aragonensis zone (Lower Eocene): Gyroidina florealis W h i t e , Eponides triimp yi N u t t . , Globigerinella voluta W h i t e , Acarinina pentacamerata S u b b . , Glo
borotalia aragonensis N u t t .
According to our data, on the bank there are exposed from the bottom to the top:
1. grey, thin-bedded marls and marly lim estones w ith sm all sea- u r c h in s of the Danian stage (specimen 316),
2. reddish marls alternating w ith grey lim estones (sp. 315) 4 m.
3. grey, reddish, green and yellow marls (sp. 315) 7 m.
4. grey, reddish, green, and yellow marls (sp. 301— 313) 6 m.
Exposures are lacking for 7 m, then follow:
5. coarse-grained, grey shaly-sandstones w ith rare Num mu lit es sp.
(298— 300) 1: Nummu lit es solitarius d e l a H a r p e , N. aquitanicus B e- n o i s t (A, B), N. burdigalensis ssp. a S c h a u b (A). 1 m.
Loose fragm ents of sandstones w ith N. globulus increscens S c h a u b and N. burdigalensis ssp. a S c h a u b — were also picked up there.
6. yellow ish -grey clays alternating w ith m edium -grained thin-bedded sandstones w ithout fauna (sp. 274— 297). 23 m.
7. yellow , fine-grained sandstones, w ith a rich num m ulitid fauna in the low er part (sp. 271— 273): Nummulites planulatus L a m . (A), N.
aquitanicus B e n o i s t (A, B), N. globulus increscens S c h a u b (A), N. pernotus S c h a u b (A), N. burdigalensis ssp. a S c h a u b (A), N.
atacicus L e y m . (B), Discocyclina scalaris S c h l u m b . 1 m.
8. yellow ish, light clays and clayey sandstones w ith rare and poorly preserved Nummulites and Discocyclinae (sp. 263— 270). 8 m.
9. yellow ish, sm all-grained, hard clayey sandstones (sp. 261— 262) w ith charred vegetable remains and N. aquitanicus B e n o i s t (A, B).
1 m.
The first packet — grey marls and marly lim estones w ith small sea-urchins — is referred to the Danian stage.
The next conform ably follow ing packets 2— 4, marls of various colours and grey lim estones w ithout fauna, 17 m eters thick according to the stratigraphical position correspond to the Paleocene.
The coarse-grained sandstones of the packet 5 have to be referred to th e low er part of the Lower Eocene, because here together with a few typical specimens of the Paleocene N. solitarius d e l a H a r p e occur th e Lower Eocene forms: N. aquitanicus and N. burdigalensis.
Above the sandstones and the unfossiliferous clays 23 m thick follow the num m ulitic deposits (packets 7— 9) w ith N. planulatus, N. aqui
tanicus, N. globulus increscens, N. pernotus, N. burdigalensis ssp. a, N. atacicus. Their total thickness is 10 m.
The last deposits are covered by the transgressive M io-Pliocene.
1 In th is and oth er beds w e r e fou n d so m e n e w sp e c ie s of N u m m u l i t e s and Di sc ocy cli na, described by th e author in a fo rth com in g paper.
Thus, along the section of Gum bathi-Tskali the deposits w ith Num - m ulites, totalling in thickness of 34 m, belong to the Lower Eocene.
This is the only section in the southern part of Georgia, where the Lower Eocene is represented com pletely. In other districts of the south
ern part of the Republic N um m ulites of the Lower Eocene occur only in some beds.
For exam ple, M. P o p k h a d z e (1956) m entions the follow ing Lower Eocene forms from the upper part of the Bordjomi flysch of the villages Rveli, Gumbathi, Goubani and Tsinarekhi: N. planulatus L a m . (A, B), N. atacicus L e y m. (A, B), N. globulus L e y m. (A, B), N. murchisoni B r u n n . (A), N. subplanulatus soerenbergensis S c h a u b (A) and N. sp.
n. (A).
N. atacicus, N. globulus and N. sp. ex gr. lucasi are described by I. K a c h a r a v a (1948) from the Lower Eocene deposits of the village Goubani (southern slope of the Thrialethi range). From the Lower
Eocene deposits in the vicin ity of the village Tsintskaro, south of Goubani N. M r e v l i s h v i l i (1965) described N. planulatus, N. globulus, N. burdigalensis, N. praelucasi, N. nitidus, N. murchisoni, N. distans, N. subdistans, N. buxtorfi and other Foram inifera. According to this author, the presence of N. distans, N. murchisoni, N. globulus testify to the Upper Ypresian age of these deposits. N. M r e v l i s h v i l i had taken this forms from one layer w ith the thickness of 1— 1,5 m. I. K a- c h a r a v a (1948) and N. M r e v l i s h v i l i (1960) described from the Lower Eocene of Dushethi: N. atacicus L e y m. and N. subatacicus D o u v.
In the N ovi-A fon district according to N. S a l u k v a d z e the depo
sits w ith Discocyclina seunesi D o u v. (Paleocene) are follow ed by the ligh t-grey, som etim es greenish and yellow ish glauconitic lim estones w ith ou t noticeable discordance. In these deposits he has found N. planu
latus (L a m.), N. exilis D o u v , , N. praemurchisoni N e m. et B a r k h.
together w ith some species common to the Lower and Middle Eocene.
The named forms are index species of the Lower Eocene (1964). Probably, th e Lower Eocene is represented there com pletely, in th e lim estone facies.
The Lower Eocene N um m ulites of the Gumbathi section have a close connection w ith the some forms of Ypresian stage (Cuisian) of other parts of the M editerranean area (Azerbaidjan, Armenia, Crimea, Poland, Hungary, Roumania, Italy and others).
According to T. M a m e d o v (1967) we m eet In Azerbaijan N. planu
latus, N. globulus, N. atacicus, w hereas in the equivalent deposits of Arm enia according to A. G a b r i e l i a n (1964) there are N. planulatus, N. globulus, N. atacicus, N. aquitanicus and N. lucasi. A ll these species are known in Georgia.
In the southern part of the Russian platform N. atacicus, N. globulus, N. planulatus and N. burdigalensis are observed together w ith other forms (G. N e m k o v, 1967). In the Carpathians F. B i e d a (1959) notes N. planulatus and N. burdigalensis from the Ypresian stage. In Roumania (B o m b i t a, 1963) the Lower Eocene contains N. planulatus, N. globulus
and N. aquitanicus.
N. planulatus is observed also in the Cuisian deposits of Hungary ( D u d i c h Ir. et N. M e s z a r o s , 1964) and N. burdigalensis in the Ypresian of Iugoslavia ( P a v l o v e c , 1963). N. aquitanicus is w ell known in the Lower Eocene of Italy ( C a s t e l l a r i n , 1966). From the m en
— 2,48 —
tioned N um m ulites of Georgia N. planulatus and N. burdigalensis are typical forms of the Cuisian stage in the W estern part of the Mediter
ranean province ( H o t t i n g e r , S c h a u b , 1964).
Thus, the Lower Eocene N um m ulites of Georgia have had a close connection w ith the representatives o f the Ypresian N um m ulites of the other regions of the North part of the Mediterranean area.
I n s t i t u t e of P a l e o b i o l o g y o f the G e or g ia n A c a d e m y o f S ci e n c e s T b ilisi, G SSR.
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РЕЗЮМЕ
В статье описывается разрез палеогеновых отложений окрестностей сел.
Гумбати (Южная Грузия). N u m m u l i t e s s oli tari us d e l a H a r p e , N. p l an u l a t u s L a m k., N. a q u i t a n i c u s B e n o i s t, N. globulins i nc re sc ens S c h a u b , N. p e r n o t u s S c h a u b , N. b u r di g al en s is ssip. a S c h a u b и N. at aci cus L e y m . , обнаруженные
в этих отложениях, позволяют датировать их нижним эоценом.
Нижнеэоценозые слои Гумбатского, как и других районов Грузии, хорошо сопоставляются с ипрским ярусом (кюиз) Средиземноморского бассейна.
