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Widok О сопоставителънои стилистике русского и 6олгарского языков

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1988:

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Stylistyka XIV

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Stylistyka XIV

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Stylistyka XIV

npmrnraTeJihHblX B 6orrrapCKOM 513b!Ke), B KOJil1lleCTBeHHOH xapaKTep11CT11Ke 513bIKOBblX cpe,n;CTB (Hanp11Mep, KOJil14eCTBeHHOe npe11Myll{eCTBO 11 aKTl1BHOe ynoTpe6neH11e H cpyHJ<Ql10Hl1pOBaH11e cycp<p11KCOB cy6beKTHBHOH OQeHJ<l1 B pyccK O M 513bI K e B cp aBHeHl111 C 6on rap CKl1M 513b!K O M ) , B yn oTpe-6HTenbHOCTH/HeynoTpe6HTenbHOCTl1, 11JIH 6oJibllleH/MeHbllleH CTeneHH ynoTpe611TeJihHOCTl1 513bJKOBbIX e)l;J.iH11Q B ABYX 513bIKax. Bee 3Tl1 oco6eHHOCTl1 xapaKTep113y10T OT,n:enbHb!e M11KpOCl1CTeMbl 513bIKOBbIX cpe,n:cTB, a TaK)J(e OT,n:enbHbie e,n:11 H l1Qbl Tex HJil1 11Hb!X M11Kpononei1. TaK, Hanp11 M ep , 3 K C n p e CCl1 B H b! e q> O p M bl np11 rraraTen b H bl X 11 cyll{eCTB l1Ten b H bl X HeO.n:yllleBJieHHblX 11MelOT MeHbllIYIO 'iaCTOTHOCTb ynoTpe6nemrn B 6orrrapcKOM 513bIKe B cpaBHeHl111 C pyCCKl1M 513bIKOM.

QqeB11AHO, BO BTOpOM pa3,n:ene conocTaB11TeJibHOH CTl1JIHCTl1Kl1 pyccKoro 11 6onrapcKoro H3b!KOB npe,n:nonaraeTcH 113yqeHHe rncTeMbI cpyHKQl10Hanh­ Hhrx CT11neH ABYX 513b!K OB. I1 ccne,n:0BaTen11 CTHJil1CTHKl1 pyccKoro 11 6orrrapCKOro 513bIKOB BbIJJ:eJIHIOT TTHTb CT11ne11, pacnonaraJOl.l{HX 061.l{HMH H cneQl1<pl1lleCKHMH CTl1Jil1CTHlleCK11Mlil oco6eHHOCTHMH 513b!Ka, Bbipa)J(eHHblMH pa3JIMllHblM Ha6opoM CTHJIHCT!illleCKM MapK11pOBaHHblX cpe,n:cTB. 3Ta 3a,n:aqa MO)J(eT 6hITb BbITTOJIHeHa JIHlllb nocne TTOHBJieHHH li!CCJie,n:oBaHHH CHCTeM cpyHKQHOHaJibHbIX CT11ne11 B ABYX 513b!Kax 3Ta 3a,n:aqa noKa qacTHllHO perneHa ,n:rrH 6 onrapcKoro H3hIK a . Ho, no-BHAHMOMY, cne,n:yeT YlllilTb!BaTh H AHHaMHKY pa3BHTH5I 061.l{eCTBeHHOH )J(H3HH H ee npoeKQl1JO Ha 513b!K:

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1996).

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A1<TyaJibHbIH no,n:xo,n; K 113yqeH!illO 513bIKOBblX 5IBJieHl1H B COBpeMeHHOH Jil1HfBHCTl1Ke, a HMeHHO, aHTponoQeHTpHlleCKHH no,n:xo,n:, HeCOMHeHHO, cne,n:yeT np11MeHl1Th H K conocTaB11TeJibHO-CTHJil1CTl1lleCKHM 11ccne,n:OBaHHHM ABYX 513b!KOB, B qacTHOCTl1, pyccKoro 11 6orrrapcKoro. 3TOT no,n:xo,n: Hy)ł(eH AJIH conocTaBHTeJibHO-CTHJIHCTl1lleCKHX HCCJie,n:oBaH!ilH ell.\e B 60JibUieH CTeneHH TTOTOMY' llTO CTHJI!ilCTl1lleCKl1e 5IBJieHl15I TeCHeHlilHM o6p a 3 0 M CB513aHbl C HaQ110HaJibHOH KYJibTYPOH 11 C HaQ11OHaJibHblM MeHTanHTeTOM .

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(7)

J11uepaTypa

EynaxoB M.f.,

1979, OcH08Hble «onpocbL co110cma«umeJ1bHoi1 cmw1ucmuKu pyccK020

u 6eJ1opyccK020 J/3blK08,

MHHCK

faK B.f. ,

I 988, O conocma«umellbHoii cmwzucmuKe.

-

Memo0bl conocma«umeJ1bH020

U3Y'temm R3blK08,

MocKBa.

)lonHHHH K.A.,

1978, CmwzucmuKa (jJpam1y3cK020 J/3b!Ka,

MocKBa.

l-b<aKeBw-1 f.II., KottoHeHKO B.11., IlHnHHCKHH H.H., C1-1porntta B.A.,

1980, Cono­

cma«umeJ1bHaJ1 cmwzucmuKa pyccK020 u yKpauHcK020 J/3blK08,

K1-1es

KpbICHH

Jl.II . , I 996, PeJ1u2U03Ho-npono«eiJHu'lecKilii cmullb u e20 Mecmo 8

ąJYHKl/UOHaJlbHO-cmwzucmu'lecKoil napaiJu2Me co«peMeHH020 pyccK020 J1U1nepa­

myp1-to20 J/3blKa.

-

IJ03muKa. CmwzucmuKa. Jl3blK u KYllbmypa,

MocKBa.

Ilpo6JleMbl conocma«umeJlbHOLI cmwzucmUKU 80Cm0'IH0-CJIQ8JIHCKUX J/3blK0B,

KHeB

I 98 1 .

lllaxoBCKHH B.11.,

1987, Kame2opu3ai1uJ1 3Moquii 8 J1eKcuKo-ceMaHmu'lecK011 cucme­

Me R3b/Ka,

Bopotte)I(.

On Comparative Stylistics of the Russian and the Bulgarian Language

The paper discusses comparative stylistics which consists of two parts. Part one deals

with comparative stylistics of the resources of the Russian and Bulgarian language. Part

two analyses the functional styles of the Russian and the Bulgarian language. The stylistic

resources of the Russian and the Bulgarian language are to be investigated in terms of

functional and stylistic fields.

Key words: comparative stylistics, functional and stylistic flei ds.

Cytaty

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