pyccK020 u 60JZ2apCK020 5[3blK06
BAJIEHTI1HA ABPAMOBA (lliyMeH)
ConocTaBHTeJibHO-CTHJIHCTH4 eCKHe HCCne.n:oBaHHH M M eIOT .n:aBHIOIO Tpati:HI..(HIO, HO TIOKa HeT pa6oT, B KOTOpblX CTHJIHCTHtłeCKHe HBJieHHH aHaJIH3HpOBaJIBCb 6bI CHCTeMHO. l13 Bcex o6nacTett KOHTpaCTHBHOro OTIHCaHHH H3blKOB COTIOCTaBHTeJibHaH CTHJIHCTHKa HBJIHeTCH HaHMeHee pa3pa60TaHHOH, OHa TIOKa He Haurna CB oero o6JIHKa, CBOett cneQH(pMKH, H TI03TOM Y COTIO CTaBMTeJibHO-CTHJIHCTH4eCKHe MCJie,[(OBaHHH OTHO CHTCH «n11 6 0 K cpaBHineJibHOH nmononrn, m-160 K Teopm:..i nepeBoti:a, 1:1eM K CTHJIHCTHKe» (L(OJIMHHH
1978: 86).
He 6e3 OCHOBaHHH 11ccne.n:0BaTeJIM ti:eJiaIOT BbIBOA o TOM, 4TO COTIOCTaBHTeJibHaH CTHJIHCTHKa He AOJI)l(Ha 6hITb HM 4aCTblO cpaBHH TeJTbHOH THnonorm1 H3bIKOB, HH 4aCTbłO TeOpHH nepeBO,[(a. «OHa AOJT)l(Ha KOH CTHTY HPO BaTbCH KaK caMO CTOHTeJibHaH OTpacnb KOHTpaCTHBHOH JIMHrBHCTHKH co CBOHMH co6crneHHblMH pa3ti:enaMH H 3ati:a 4aMH» (raK1988:
49).
ConocTaB HTeJibHO-CTHJIHCTH4eCKHe HCCJietJ;O BaHHH npeti:nonaraIOT «H3y4eHMe CHCTeMbl CTHJieH B ABYX H3b!Kax, CTHJIHCTH 4eCKHX cpyHKQHH aHaJIOrH4HblX H3hlKOBhlX cpeti:CTB , cnoco6oB Bb!pa)l(eHHH CTHJIHCTH4eCKHX KaTeropHH, o6ll.(HX HaQHOHaJibHbIX CTHJTHCTM4eCKHX oco6eHHOCTeH H3bIKa, npOHBJTHIOll.(HXCH B opraHH3aQHH BblCKa3bIBaHHH» (TaM )l(e53).
Tip etJ;CTaBJIHeTC H , 4TO pa6oTa no COTIOCTaB HTeJibHOH CTHJIHCTHKe pyccKoro H 6onrapcKoro H3b!KOB MO)l(eT HMeTb .[(Ba 3Tana 11ccne.n:0BaHHH. Ha nepBOM 3Tane BHHMaH11e 11ccne.n:0BaTene11 AOJI)l(HO 6hITb cocpe.n:oTo4eHo Ha COTIOCTaBnemm CTMJIMCTH4eCKHX pecypcoB o60HX H3blKOB, B 4aCTHOCTH, Ha ycTaHOBJieHMH CXOACTBa H paCXO)l(tJ;eHHH Bblpa)l(eHHH CTHJIHCTH4eCKHMH cpetJ;CTBaMH Toro HJIH HHOro npeti:MeTHO-JIOrH4eCKOro co.n:ep)l(aHHH. Bo
Stylistyka XIV
BTOpOH 4aCTH conocTaBHTeJlbHOH CTHJlHCTHKH cneAyeT o6paTHTbC5ł K conocTaBnettmo cpyHKIJ:HOHanbHhIX CTHneH pyccKoro H 6onrapcKoro 5!3blKOB.
ConocTaBHTeJlbHbie HCCJ1eAOBaHH5! CTHJlHCTH'-łeCKHX CHCTeM ABYX 5!3bIKOB TpaA11!J:HOHHO rrpOBOA5fTC5! noypOBHeBbIM cnoco6oM (CM. EynaxoB
1 979,
:Vbi<aKeBH4 H AP· 1 980, llpo6fleMbl. .. 198 1), T.e. paccMaTpHBaIOTC5! CTHJ1HCTl14eCKJ.le BO3MO)l(HOCTH 5!3bJKOBbIX eAHHHQ Ha pa 3J1114HbIX ypoBHHX -cp o H eTH4eCKOM, neKCH4eCKO M , -cp p a3eon orH4eCKOM , CJ10B00 6pa30 BaTeJlbHOM, MopcponorH4eCKOM, CHHTaKCH4eCKOM. ,npyrHMH CJIOBaMH, paccMaTp1-rnaIOTC51 KaTeropHH 5!3b!Ka, Ha KOTOpble HaKJia AbJBaIOTC51 CTHJIHCTH4eCKHe 3Ha4eHH5!. I1peACTaBJI5łeTC51, 4TO conocTaBHTeJlbHO-CTH J1HCTH4eCKHe HCCJieAOBaHH5! ,[(OJI)l(Hbl npOBOAHTbC51 Ha OCHOBe aHaJIH3a CTHJIHCTH4eCKHX KaTeropHH 11 CTHJ1HCTH4eCKHX npoueccoB, TaK KaK HeBO3MO)l(HO npoBeCTH napannenH Me)l(AY BCeMH KaTeropH5!MH BCex ypOBHeH ABYX conocTaBJ15łeMblX 5!3bIKOB BBH.U.Y HaJIH4H5! cneQH<pH4eCKHX 5!3b!KOBbJX l<aTeropHH B OAHOM HJIH B Ka)l(,ll.OM 113 ABYX conocTaBJ151eMblX 513bIKOB. HanpHMep, OTCYTCTBHe na,[(e)l(HOH Cl1CTeMbl HMeH H KaTeropHH HH(pHHHTHBa rnarona B 6onrapCKOM 5!3bJKe H OTCYTCTBHe pa3BeTBJ1eHHOH CJilCTeMbl rnarOJlbHbIX <popM, KaTeropHH nepecKa3b!BaTeJ1bHOrO HaKJIOHeHH51 H 4JleHHOH cpopMbl B pyCCKOM 5!3bJKe. ConocTaBHTeJ1bHO-CTHJ1HCTJ1lłeCCKHe HCcne,noBaHHH B AaHHOM cny4ae nepeurn11 6bJ B ccpepy nepeBOA4eCKHX napa n neneH. M o )l( H O c,nenaTb 3 aK JI I04eHHe o T O M , 4TO a tt a JI H 3 CTHJ1HCTH4eCKHX K aTeropHH H CTHJ1HCTH4eCKHX npoueccoB cne,nyeT rrpOB0,[(11TbC5! B OHOMaCHOJ1OrH4eCKOM nnaHe, KOTOpbIH COBnaAaeT C attaml3OM cpyHKQHOHaJ1bHO-CTHJ1HCTH4eCKHX nonet! (raK1 988: 52),
npHMepHbIH CilHCOK KOTOpbIX MO)l(HO HaHTH B 3TOH pa6oTe.Q cpyHKIJ:HOHaJibHbIX ceMaHTHKO-CTHJ111CTH4eCKHX KaTeropH5!X HJlH IlOJ151X n11cana M.H. Ko)l(HHa, no,npa3yMeBaH noA 3THM Ha3BaHHeM cT11neBbie 4epTbI 111160 cT11n11cT114ecK11e np11eMbI (Ko)l(HHa I
987: 40). B.r.
raK BhIAen51eT cne AyIO�He Oilil03HIJ:HH : 3KCnpecCH BHO CTb : He3KCnpeCCHBHOCTb, a 6 cT p a K T H O C Tb : K O H K peTHOC Tb (yT0 4 H e H H e } , c y 6 'b e K T H B a IJ:H 5! : Aecy6'heKTHBaQH5!, CB5!3a HHOCTb: paC4JleHeHHOCTb, AHHaMH4HOCTb CTaTH4HOCTb, HeHTpanbHOCTb: cneQH<pH4HOCTb H AP- HoMeHKJiaTypa cpyHKQHOHaJ1bHO-CTJilJ1HCTH4eCKHX noneH noKa He COCTaBJieHa. 3neMeHTaMH cpyHKQHOHaJlhHO-CTJilJIHCTH4eCKHX norreH (<l>CTI1) MoryT 6bITb: a) 513bIKOBbie eAHHHQbl pa3JI H 4 H bIX ypoBHeH , K OTOpbIM HMMaHeHTHO np11 c y � a CTHJ1HCTH4eCKa51 OKpacKa; 6) 513blKOBbie eAHHHQbl pa3J1114HbIX ypOBHeH (OHHM0ryT 6b!Tb 11 CTl1Jll1CTl1'-!eCKl1 HeiiTpaJibHbIM11), CTl1JlHCTl1"'ieCK0e 3Ha1Iett11e K0T0pbIX K0HTeKCTyaJibH0 o6ycnoBJieHO. CTpyKTypa <l>CTIT M0)l(eT 6b!Tb npe.ncTaBJieHa .H3blK0BbI MH e)J.11H11U.aMH Jl:BYX THTT0B HJil1 T0JibK0 0)J.H0ro 113 HHX. TaKHM o6pa30M, <l>CTIT ocpopMJI.HeTC.H KaK CHCTeMa pa3Hoyp0BHeBb!X 11 p a 3 H 0 CTPYKTYP H bI X CTHJIHC Tl1 'ł eCKl1 3 H a 'ł H M bI X .H 3 blK0BbI X e,ll.H H H U. (q>oHeTH'łeCKHX, JieKCH'łeCKHX, cppa3eonor111IeCKHX, CJIOB006pa30BaTeJib HblX, MOpq>OJIOrH'łeCKHX , Cl1HTaKCH'-leCKHX), 06'he,n:11HeHHbIX o6ll(HM CTHJIH CTH'łeCKMM 3Ha'łeHHeM C HaJIH'łHeM ceMaHTl1'łeCK0ro K0MTT0HeHTa 11 06ll(eii CTHJIHCTH'-!eCKOH q>yHKIJ.Heii.
HeKOTOpble CTHJIHCTH'łeCKH 3Ha 'łl1Mble Sl3bIK0Bbie e,n:11Hl1IJ.bl 06na.na10T 0)J.H 0BpeMeHH0 q>yHKIJ.HOHaJibHO-CTHJieBOH H 3KCnpeCCl1BH0-CTHJil1CTH 'łeCK0H 0KpaweHH0CTbIO, T.e., 0Hl1 MoryT 0Ka3aTbC.H cpe,ll.CTBaMM Bb!pa)l(eHH.H CTHJIHCTH'łecK11x 3Ha'łeHHH .n.Byx pa3Jil1'łHbIX <l>CTIT 11n11 MHKpononeii. HanpHMep , B JieKCH'łeCKOH CHCTeMe pyccKoro 11 6onrapCKOro .H3b!K0B 11 M e eTC.H nn acT CJI0B C )J.B OHHOH OKpacK O M : «KHl1)1(H0e» 11 «ocp11 u.-11aJibH0-,l.I;eJI0B0e» (ucme14, KoiJurpuKa14u.R., HaJJUl.[ecmeoeamb, nomepneewuu). OttH MoryT .HBJI.HTbC.H cpe,n:cTBaMH <l>CTIT a6 cTp aKTHOCT11 11 <l>CTIT CTa H,n:apTH 3 0 B a H H 0 C Tl1 , 11JIH « K H H )l( H 0 e » H «ny6JIM U. M C TM 'ł eCKO e » (aHma20Htl3M, OeMOKpamU.R., OUCKpUMUHa14U.R.), «KHl1)1(H0e» 11 «TT03TH'łeCK0e» (Mel.[maHU.R., eoccnaeumb, nyl.[e3apHbtu). T.e., B03MO)l(H0 nepece1Iett11e <l>CTIT. O1IeBl1J:J:HO, conocTaBJieHHe CTHJIMCTl1'łeCKHX CHCTeM .D:BYX .H3b!K0B .HBJI.HeTC.H pe3yJibTaTl1BHbIM 11MeHH0 B pycne aHaJIH3a <l>CTIT 113-3a cneu.11q>l1'-IHOCTl1 CTl1JIHCTM'łeCKl1 0KparneHH0ro MaTep11ana, C K0T0pblM pacnonaraeT K3)1()J.bll1 113 conocTaBJI.HeMbJX .H3b!K0B. B03HHKaIOT, 0,lJ.HaK0, TPY.ll.H0CTM 11H0ro xapaKTepa: 0TCyTCTBl1e noKa TTOJIHOH ynop.H,ll.0'łeHH0CTl1, Cl1CTeMaTl13aU.H11 CTl1Jll1CTl1'łeCKHX TTOH.HTMM, a 'ł aCT0 H KaTerop1111 , B H aIJ.HOHaJibHOM Jll1HrBl1CTH'łeCKOM Tpa,ll.HIJ.Hvl Ka)K,ll.0ro 113 C0TT0CTaBJISl.eMbIX Sl.3b!K0B.
ITpe.ncTaBl1M B Te3 HCHOH cpopMe conocTaBHTeJibH0-CTl1JIHCTl1'łeCK0 e on11catt11e <l>CTIT 3KcnpeCCHBH0CTH. KaTeropHSI. 3KCnpeCCMBH0CTM (naT. expressus «Bbipa3MTeJibHbll1, 'łeTKl111») OTHOCHTCSI. K Ha116onee cnopHbIX CTl1Jll1CTl1'łeCKl1X KaTeropHH. '.:ha KaTerop11S1 TT0HHMaeTCSI. HaM11 KaK KaTero pHSI., CBSl.3aHHaSI. C HeHeHTpaJibHbJM ynoTpe6JieH11eM Sl3blK0BbIX e)J.11HHU., BbJ)J.eJI.HeMbIX Ha HeHTpaJibHOM pe'łeB0M cpotte. O6o6ll(eHHOe 3Ha 'łeHHe HetteiiTpaJibHOCTl1 .naeT HaM 0CH0BaH11e C'łl1T3Tb ee pO,ll.OBOH, B KOTOpOH BbJ)J.eJISI.IOTC.H Bl1)J.0Bble CTHJil1CTl1'łeCKl1e KaTerop1111 3M0Tl1BH0CTl1, ou.eH0'ł H0CTl1, 11HTeHCl1BH0CTl1 11 o6pa3HOCTl1. Mbl pa3JIH'łaeM J.I;Be pa3H0Bl1)J.H0CTl1 3KCnpeCCl1BHbIX Sl3bJK0BbIX e,n:11H11U.: 11HrepeHTHYIO (S1.3bIKOBYIO, y3yanbHYIO) 11
Stylistyka XIV
a,n:repeHTHYlO (peąeBylO, KOHTeKcTyanbHYlO ). 5l3bIKOBbie e,IJJ,-IHHl.l,bl, o6na,z:i:a l0ll.\He HHrepeHTHOH 3Kcnpecc11ei1, xapaKTepH3YlOTC5! TTOCT05!HHO npHCYll.\ HMH HM cpopMaJlbHblMH 11/11n11 ceMaHTH'łeCKHMH npH3HaKaMl1 11 5!BIT5!IOTC5! 3KCnpeCCHBHblMH B ITI060M KOHTeKCTe.
3MOTHBHOCTb HaMl1 TTOHHMaeTC5! KaK «11MMaHeHTHO np11Cyll.\ee 5!3bIKY ceMaHTH'łeCKOe CBOHCTBO Bbipa)l(aTb CHCTeMOH CBOl1X cpe,z:i:cTB 3MOl.l,HO HanhHOCTb KaK cpaKT nc11XHKH» (lllaX OBCKHH
1 987: 24),
011,eHO'łHOCTb TpaKTyeTc5! KaK «KBan11cp 11 Ka1.1,H5! o6o3HaąaeMoro npe,z:i:MeTa 11n11 ero CBOHCTB, npH3HaKOB KaK "xopowee" HITH "nnoxoe" n o OTHOWeHHIO K co1.1,11anbHOH HOpMe» (TaM )l(e27).
3MOTHBHOCTb MO)l(eT conpOB0)1()]:aTbC5! 011,eHO'iHOCTblO (cp. KaKOU mbl Hey1u110:;1cuul), HO CITH5!HHe 011,eHO'łHOro 11 3MOTHBHOro He BCer,z:i:a 065!3aTeITbHO, cp . , Hanp11Mep: oyutetJKa, 20J1y6lf,UK, r,z:i:e OTCYTCTByeT 011,eHKa. 3M OTHBHOCTb np11cyTcTByeT B 011,eHKe, HO 011,eHKa He BCer,z:i:a 3MOT H B H a . l1 HTeH Cl1BHOCTb TaK)l(e BC er,z:i:a conpOB0)1()]:a eTC5! 3MOTHBHOCThIO, cp. : 6ypR annooucMeHmoe; TblCR'-lY pa3 R me6e 2oeopuna! Cmo nomu mu KaJaxfKoMnoHeHTaMH 3MOl.l,110HanbHO-Ol.l,eHO'łHOH CTpyKTYPhl 5!BIT5!IOTC5!:
1 )
cne1.1,11anbHa5! rreKCHKa C BKJlIO'łeHHblMH B ee 3Ha'łeHHe 3MOl.l,110HaIThHblM H 3neMeHTaM11, c o1.1,11anbH0-3Haą11Ma5! (pyc. KJIR.lf,a, 3y6puna, KpoxomHblu,C20BOpumbCfl, 6onr. iuapnamaHUli, MaUMyHa);
2)
5!3bIKOBbie e,z:i:H H H l.l,bl ,xapaKTepH3YlOll.\HeC5! 3MOl.l,HOHanbHO-Ol.l,eHO'łHOH 3HaHTl10CeMHeii (pyc. O'-iapoBaJI mbl Mel-łfl, npoKJIJ/.mbzu, 3HaeM MbZ maKex!, 6onr. A J naK Ufe mu noBR.pBaMl);
3)
HeiiTpaJibHOe CJlOBO, nonyąaIOll.\ee B KOHTeKCTe 3MOTHBHYIO oKparneHHOCTb (pyc. 6yKem, KanKaH, OKpOutKa, 6onr. Kanar1, Kawa, nonapa);4)
apxaH3Mbl, n03TH3Mbl, OKKa3HOHaITbHbie o6pa30BaHl15!;
5)
MeTacpop11ąecK11e o6pa30BaHl15!, 3 0oneKCHKa, Ml1Q)OITeK CHKa;6)
CITOBa C 01.1,eHO'łHO-xa paKTepH3YIOll.\HMH acpq)HKCaM11;7)
HMetta co6cTBeHHbie B Q) OpMe MH. 'i. ' o6na,z:i:aIOll.\11e xapaKTepH3YIOlllHM 3Ha'łeH11eM;8)
KaTerop1rn rnarorra B TpaHCTT03111.l,11H;9)
3ByKono,z:i:pa)l(aHH5! 11 3BYKOCHMBOITH3MhI;1 O)
acpcpeKTHBbl, BKJllO'iaIOll.\11e Me)l()l:0 MeTH5! 11 Me)l()l:OMeTHbie CITOBa, 6paHHylO neKCHKy' BynbrapHYIO neKCHKY, 3MOl.l,HOHaITbHbie a,z:i:pecaTHBbl (pyc. cmapuK, opy:>K:UU,Je);1 1 )
3KCnpeCCHBHbie cppa3eonornąecK11e e,z:i:HHl11.l,hl;1 2)
CHHTaK CH'ieCK H e CTpYKTYPhI: npe,z:i:no)l(eHH5! BOCKITHl.l,aTeJlbHbie, no6y,z:i:11TeITbHbie, npe,z:i:nO)l(eHH51 C O)l:HOpO,z:i:HhlMH ąacT5!MH, TTOBTOpaMH, napannenH3MO M, nap1.1,ennm . .1;11ei1, 3nnHTTTH'łeCKHe 6eCCOI03Hhie npe,z:i:no)l(eHH5!, KOHCTpYKl.l,1111 C HHBepc11eii 11 ,z:i:p . ;13)
CHHTaKc11ąecK11e KOHCTpYKl\1111, CB5!3aHHbie C onpe,z:i:eneHHOH HHTOHau.11ei,i (pyc. CmaHy R tJumamb!, 6onr. Mr1020 Jr1aeiu!);14)
11cnonb30Bam1e KaBbI'ieK B3KCnpeCCl1BHbIX Qelli!X (pyc. B oyiue Ofl UCKpe1t1te np0KllUJtQJl C80e20 «cepoel./Jt020 opyza»).
l1 HT e H C l1 B H O C T b , KaK M 11Kpo none 3 K C n p e C C l1 B H O CTl1 , CB513aHa C K a Y e CT B e H H O -K OJil1 Y eCTBeHHOH xapaKTep11 CTHKOH o 6 0 3 H a Y a e M o r o 513b!KOBOH e.z:r.1rn11QeH 5IBJieHl151. HttTeHCHBHOCTb Bbipa)l(aeTC51:
J )
CJIOBOM (pyc. muma1t, 1tu'lm0:>1C1tblU, :>1Cax1tymb, (r1paeumbcJ1) oo 6eJyMUJl, 6onr. eenuKaJt, KonocMeN, 6nbcKa1tu7,/a, nponuU{Jl, 3opaeama, ( omnyc1-1M ce) oo 1-1eMaU-Kboe);2)
COYeTaHl1eM .D.BYX HeiłTpaJibHbIX CJIOB, O)J.HO 113 KOTOpbIX B .z:r.aHHOM COYeTaHl111 np1106perneT Merncpop11YeCKOe 3Ha'łeH11e (pyc. Q0CKQJl no20oa, oypaijKUU K0Cm/OM, JlQ8U/-IQ Cfl08, pou Mb!CJleU, 6onr. y:J/CQC/-10 KpaCU8, 8JflKQJt om cmpacmu);3)
CTeneH5IMl1 cpaBHeH115I;4)
CJIOBaMl1 C .z:r.11cpcpy3HOH ceMaHTl1KOH 11Jil1 MHOr03Ha'łHbIMl1 CJIOBaM11, 3KCnpeCCl1BHOCTb KOTOpb!X np05IBJI5IeTC51 B KOHTeKCTe (pyc. 1./UXBOcmumb cmeJtbl, non, KYP, ymoK, Cbll-lQ, 8/-IJKa); 5) npe)J.JIO)l(eHJ.rn BOCKJI11QaTeJibHhle, B o npoc11TeJihHbie, HeK0TOpbie CJIO)l(HOno.z:r.q1rneHHb1e (pyc. Bom 20noc maK 2onoc! BceM nupo2aM nupo2!, 6onr. E, cem1-1e?) . CneQ11cpw1ecK11MJ.1 .D.JI51 p yccKoro 513hIKa 5IBJI5IIOTC51 HeCB06o.z:r.Hblhie 6eccoI03Hhie coe.z:r.IrneHl151, o603Ha'łalOI.Q11e 11HTeHCl1BHOCTb 11 ITOJIHOTY np05IBJieHH51 np113HaKa, COCT05II.Q11e 113 Jll1'łHbIX cpopM marona 11 O)J.HOKOpeHHbIX Hape'IHH, THITa JleJIC.M.R Jle:J/Cum, pe8.MR peeem, JlU8MR Jlbem.O 6pa3HOCTb peaJIH3yeTC51 B H arJI5I)J.HO M npe.z:r.cTaBJieHl111 o HeKOeM peaJibHOM npe.z:r.MeTe, 5IBJieHHJ.1 , CBOHCTB e, OTHOWeHl1H, CB513aHH0M C 513bIKOBOH e.z:r.11HJ.1QeH, O)J.HOBpeMeHHO xapaKTepw3y51 ee C KaYeCTBeHHO KOJIH'łeCTBeHHOH CTOpOHbI, HaITpHMep, l/mo mbl MJ/MJIUUlb? HJll1 oapMoeo, K0'le8pR:>iCUmbCJl, pa3opaKOHUmb. O6pa3HOCTb qacTO nepeKpell.{11BaeTC51 C OQeHOYH0CTblO J.1 11HTeHCJ.1BH0CTbIO. Cpe.n;CTBaM11 Bb!pa)l(eHJ.151 o6pa3HOCTl1 Mo ryT 6 b!Tb CJI O B a C o 6 p a 3 H O H ceM aHTHK O H , K O H H OT11pOBa H H bie aHTpOITOHHMhl, 3K30Tl13Mhl, cpaBHeH11e qepe3 OTpHQaHHe (He pe6e1tOK, a 2opel) 11 .z:r.p. O6pa3HOCTh B tta116onhwei1: cTenettw 5IBJIHeTc51 cneQ11q>11YecKoH .D.JI51 Ka)l()I;OfO 113 COITOCTaBJI5IeMhIX 513b!KOB, TaK KaK OHa TeCHO CB513aHa C
HaQ110HaJibHbIM MHpOBOCITp115ITJ.1eM 11 o6pa30M MbllllJieHl151.
C o n o cTaB HTeJi b H bl H a tta Jil1 3 K0pnyca 51 3 bIK0BblX cpe)J.C TB , x a p aKTep113YIQl..l.{11X <l>CTTI 3KCnpecCHBH0CTl1, IT0Ka3aJI 6bi, YTO H0MeHKJiaTypa 513bIKOBbIX cpe.z:r.CTB B pyccKOM 11 6onrapCKOM 513hIKax, B OCHOBHOM, COBna.z:r.aeT. Pa3Jil1YJ.151 np05IBJI5IlOTC51 B HaJil1Y11H/OTCYTCTBl111 HeKOT0pbIX KOMITOHeHTOB 3KC npeCCHBHOH Bbipa3HTeJibHOCTl1 (HanpwMep, CTaTyc TYPQ113 MOB, BeCbMa 3KCnpeCCl1BHbIX B 6onrapcKOM 513bIKe, 0TJIH'łaeTC51 no MHOfl1M napaMeTpaM OT CXO)J.HOH rpynnhI T10pKH3MOB B pyccKOM 513bIKe; OTCYTCTBl1e .D.BYX cpopM
Stylistyka XIV
npmrnraTeJihHblX B 6orrrapCKOM 513b!Ke), B KOJil1lleCTBeHHOH xapaKTep11CT11Ke 513bIKOBblX cpe,n;CTB (Hanp11Mep, KOJil14eCTBeHHOe npe11Myll{eCTBO 11 aKTl1BHOe ynoTpe6neH11e H cpyHJ<Ql10Hl1pOBaH11e cycp<p11KCOB cy6beKTHBHOH OQeHJ<l1 B pyccK O M 513bI K e B cp aBHeHl111 C 6on rap CKl1M 513b!K O M ) , B yn oTpe-6HTenbHOCTH/HeynoTpe6HTenbHOCTl1, 11JIH 6oJibllleH/MeHbllleH CTeneHH ynoTpe611TeJihHOCTl1 513bJKOBbIX e)l;J.iH11Q B ABYX 513bIKax. Bee 3Tl1 oco6eHHOCTl1 xapaKTep113y10T OT,n:enbHb!e M11KpOCl1CTeMbl 513bIKOBbIX cpe,n:cTB, a TaK)J(e OT,n:enbHbie e,n:11 H l1Qbl Tex HJil1 11Hb!X M11Kpononei1. TaK, Hanp11 M ep , 3 K C n p e CCl1 B H b! e q> O p M bl np11 rraraTen b H bl X 11 cyll{eCTB l1Ten b H bl X HeO.n:yllleBJieHHblX 11MelOT MeHbllIYIO 'iaCTOTHOCTb ynoTpe6nemrn B 6orrrapcKOM 513bIKe B cpaBHeHl111 C pyCCKl1M 513bIKOM.
QqeB11AHO, BO BTOpOM pa3,n:ene conocTaB11TeJibHOH CTl1JIHCTl1Kl1 pyccKoro 11 6onrapcKoro H3b!KOB npe,n:nonaraeTcH 113yqeHHe rncTeMbI cpyHKQl10Hanh Hhrx CT11neH ABYX 513b!K OB. I1 ccne,n:0BaTen11 CTHJil1CTHKl1 pyccKoro 11 6orrrapCKOro 513bIKOB BbIJJ:eJIHIOT TTHTb CT11ne11, pacnonaraJOl.l{HX 061.l{HMH H cneQl1<pl1lleCKHMH CTl1Jil1CTHlleCK11Mlil oco6eHHOCTHMH 513b!Ka, Bbipa)J(eHHblMH pa3JIMllHblM Ha6opoM CTHJIHCT!illleCKM MapK11pOBaHHblX cpe,n:cTB. 3Ta 3a,n:aqa MO)J(eT 6hITb BbITTOJIHeHa JIHlllb nocne TTOHBJieHHH li!CCJie,n:oBaHHH CHCTeM cpyHKQHOHaJibHbIX CT11ne11 B ABYX 513b!Kax 3Ta 3a,n:aqa noKa qacTHllHO perneHa ,n:rrH 6 onrapcKoro H3hIK a . Ho, no-BHAHMOMY, cne,n:yeT YlllilTb!BaTh H AHHaMHKY pa3BHTH5I 061.l{eCTBeHHOH )J(H3HH H ee npoeKQl1JO Ha 513b!K:
Jl.IT.
KpblCHHOM y6e,n:11TeJibHO npe,n:JIO)J(eH perr11r1103Ho-nponoBe,ll;Hl1lleCJ<l1H CTHJib B napa,n;HrMe COBpeMeHHOro pyccKoro JIHTepaTypttoro 513b!Ka, 3TO npe,n:JIO)KeH!ile H3MeHHeT Tpa,n:11Qli!OHHOe BbIJJ:eneH11e cpyHKQ110HaJibHblX pa3HOBHAHOCTeH B pycCKOM 513b!Ke (KpbICl1H1996).
Ho 3TOT BOnpoc )KJJ:eT CBOHX HCCJie,n:oBaTerreH AJIH Toro , llT06 bl ,n:aH H bIH CTl1Jlb 3aHHJI 6 hr no,n:06a101.l{eecH eMy MecTO B pH,n;y ,n:pyrnx cpyHKQ11ottanhHhlX CTHneH.A1<TyaJibHbIH no,n:xo,n; K 113yqeH!illO 513bIKOBblX 5IBJieHl1H B COBpeMeHHOH Jil1HfBHCTl1Ke, a HMeHHO, aHTponoQeHTpHlleCKHH no,n:xo,n:, HeCOMHeHHO, cne,n:yeT np11MeHl1Th H K conocTaB11TeJibHO-CTHJil1CTl1lleCKHM 11ccne,n:OBaHHHM ABYX 513b!KOB, B qacTHOCTl1, pyccKoro 11 6orrrapcKoro. 3TOT no,n:xo,n: Hy)ł(eH AJIH conocTaBHTeJibHO-CTHJIHCTl1lleCKHX HCCJie,n:oBaH!ilH ell.\e B 60JibUieH CTeneHH TTOTOMY' llTO CTHJI!ilCTl1lleCKl1e 5IBJieHl15I TeCHeHlilHM o6p a 3 0 M CB513aHbl C HaQ110HaJibHOH KYJibTYPOH 11 C HaQ11OHaJibHblM MeHTanHTeTOM .