EU Antitrust law
General introduction
Antitrust and Competition
© Łukasz Stępkowski
EU Competition Law - overview
• 3(1)b of the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union stipulates that the EU shall have exclusive competence, inter alia, in regard to the establishing of the competition rules necessary for the functioning of the internal market
• Back in the day of the European Community this was firmly within the so-called ’first pillar’ of the Union; nowadays it is part of the Union law as it currently stands (i.e. pillars no longer exist, don’t use old textbooks)
• ’Competition rules’ refer to a broader concept than that of ’antitrust
law’
EU Competition Law
• EU law on competition mainly includes:
• Antitrust law (esp. Articles 101 and 102 TFEU)
• Restrictive agreements and practices
• Abuse of dominant position
• EU Merger control (concentrations with what-is-now-an EU dimension)
• Rules on special or exclusive rights (art. 106 TFEU)
• Rules on State aid (esp. Articles 107 and 108 TFEU)
• Competition rules are (obviously) related to the single internal market of the Union, for said market would be unable to exist without them
• However, these are different legal norms than the fundamental
freedoms of the internal market (e.g. than the free movement of
goods)
EU Competition Law and its subject
• EU competition law, as it’s name would suggest, regulates competition
• For the purposes of the class, we may assume that it includes not only the (structure of the) market itself, but also the behaviour of
undertakings, the effects of such behaviour and the underlying market conditions
From Faull, Nikpay (eds), EU Competition Law, Oxford 2014, fig. 1.2