Introduction to EU Internal Market
1. Rules of the course. EU’s competences and principles. 2. European integration. The internal market. Discrimination.
• The Queen v Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (266-267/87) - wide concept of „state”.
• Commission vs France (Case 265/95) - the scope of state’s responsibility for enforcing rules of the internal market (even for actions of individual citizens).
• Radlberger & Spitz v Land Baden-Württemberg (Case 309/02) - the principle of proportionality.
3. Free movement of goods 1.
• Commission v Italian Republic (Case 7/68) - definition of goods (example of art).
• Gesellschaft für Überseehandel mbH v Handelskammer Hamburg (Case 49/76) - country of origin.
• Commission v Italian Republic (Case 24/68) - charges having an effect equivalent to customs duties.
• Commission v United Kingdom (Case 170/79) - beer & wine - goods which satisfy the same neccessity.
• Michel Humblot v Directer des services fiscaux (Case 112/84) - discrimination in taxation.
4. Free movement of goods 2.
• Procureur du Roi v Benoît and Gustave Dassonville (Case 8/74). • Commission v Germany (Case 178/84) - purity of beer.
• Commission v Belgium (Case 254/05) - actions having an effect equivalent to quantitative restrictions.
• Conegate Limited v HM Customs (Case 121/85) - how to apply a restriction from treaties - on the example of public morality in the context of sex dolls in UK.
• Rewe-Zentral v Bundesmonopolverwaltung (Case 120/78 - Cassis de Dijon). • Keck & Mithouard (Cases 267-268/91).
5. Let’s sue someone - practical use of the EU law. 6. Union citizenship and status of immigrants.
• Martinez Sala v Freistaat Bayern (Case 85/96) - principle of non-discrimination of citizens of the EU.
• Zambrano v France (Case 34/09) - rights of the family of the EU citizen.
• Stewart v UK (Case 503/09) - exception to general rule of reverse-discrimination on the example of social benefit from home state, while living and getting aid from another EU state.
• Trojani v Belgium (Case 456/02) - concept of „worker” on the example of participant of social program who got pocket-money and accomodation for light construction work.
• D’Hoop v Belgium (Case 224/98) - status of EU citizens searching for job.
• Zhu & Chen (Case 200/02) - the wide scope of the „usefull effect” of fundamental rights of the citizen.
7. Free movement of workers.
• Heinz Huber (Case 524/06) - discrimination on the example of mandatory registration of immigrants.
• Morson & Jhanjan (Cases 35-36/82) - reverse-discrimination; purely internal situation. • Lawrie-Blum (Case 66/85) - characteristics of the employment relationship
• Factortame II (Case 221/89) - self-employment.
• Rudy Grzelczyk (Case 184/99) - solidarity towards citizens of the EU in the case of student without enough resources.
• Bosman (Case 415/93) - concept of economical activity, reaction to Dassonville formula. • Kremzow (Case 299/95) - human rights and ECJ’s voice of reason.
8. Freedom of establishment.
• Factortame (Case 213/89) - concept of establishment. • Knoors (Case 115/78) - reverse discrimination.
• Reinhard Gebhard (Case 55/94) - differences between establishment and services.
• Commission v Italiy (Case 101/94) - prohibition of actual and legal discrimination on the example of protectionist taxation.
• Krauss (Case 19/92) - recognition of qualifications.
• Koller (Case 118/09) - example of recognizing the qualification of a lawyer.
9. Freedom to provide and receive services.
• Reyners v Belgium (Case 2/74) - rules of exceptions from freedom and their narrow interpretation.
• Grogan (Case 159/90) - concept of service.
• Commission v Germany (Case 205/84) - the principle of national treatment, (example with headquarters).
• Sager (Case 76/90) - prohibition of limitating the free movement of services effecting in making the activities of foreign service provider less favorable or excluding.
10. Limitations of personal freedoms.
• Bouchereau (30/77) - concept of real and sufficiently serious threat to basic interests of the society on the example of drugs.
• Sotgiu (Case 152/73) - public administration - prohibition of arbitrary limitation and discrimination of already employed people.
• Sager (Case 76/90) - free movement of services can be limited only with law justified by imperative requirements. (Cassis de Dijon?)
• Omega (Case 36/02) - how to apply a restriction from treaties - on the example of public order and laser-tag games.
• Schmidberger (Case 112/00) - protection of human rights.
11. Free movement of capital.
• Prunus SARL (Case 384/09) - internal and external scope of freedom.
• Luisi & Carbone (286/82 & 26/83) - difference between capital and payments.
• Servatius (Case 567/07) - is execution of right to use a real estate a movement of capital? • Commission v Spain (Case 463/00) - golden shares - requirement of previous acceptation
from state’s administration.
• Commission v Germany (Case 112/05) - golden shares - executing right to vote on the example of Volkswagen.
12. Fundamental rights.
• Internationale Handelsgesellschaft (Case 11/70) - fundamental rights as a basic principle of the EU law.
• Hauer (44/79) - fundamental rights vs. Member State’s constitution.
• Schecke & Eiffert v Land Hessen (Cases 92-93/09) - is Charter of Fundamental Rights a primary or secondary law? Can it be the only foundation for recognizing a case by ECJ? Kremzow v Austria (Case 299/95) - how to apply Charter of Fundamental Rights?
