LA SYNODALITE DANS LES EGLISES PARTICULIERES.
FONDEMENTS THEOLOGIQUES ET APPLICATIONS JURIDIQUES
Jean-Paul Durand op
Doyen honoraire et Professeur
jOD)DFXOWp de Droit canonique de O¶,QVWLWXWFDWKROLTXHGH3DULV
5pVXPp 'DQVO¶DUWLFOHDpWpSUpVHQWpXQSUREOqPHGHODV\QRGDOLWpGDQVO¶(JOLVHV/DV\QRGDOLWpHW
OD FRQFLOLDULWp GH O(JOLVH VRQW HQULFKL SDU OD WUDGLWLRQ FDWKROLTXH j OD IRLV ODWLQH HW RULHQWDOH
&KDTXH eJOLVH SDUWLFXOLqUH D XQH FDUDFWHUH V\QRGDOH H[SULPpH par excellence par le Synode GLRFpVDLQ DLQVL TXH FRQFLOLDLUH TXL HVW H[SULPpH j WUDYHUV OD SDUWLFLSDWLRQ GDQV OH FRQVHLO
°FXPpQLTXHHWOHVV\QRGHVSDUWLFXOLHUVSURYLQFLDX[HWSOpQLqUHV/DUWLFOHGpFULWXQHFRPPXQLRQ
KLpUDUFKLTXH GX GLRFqVH HW OD V\QRGDOLWp GLRFpVDLQH HW O¶LQVWLWXWLRQ GX V\QRGH GLRFpVDLQ HW OD
V\QRGDOLWp GH O¶(JOLVH SDUWLFXOLqUH GRQW OD UHVSRQVDELOLWp DSSDUWLHQW j OpYrTXH GLRFpVDLQ HW OHV
ILGqOHVGHVRQGLRFqVH
Mots-FOps6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQV\QRGDOLWpFRQFLOLDULWpFRPPXQLRQGLRFpVDLQ
/DV\QRGDOLWpGDQVOHV(JOLVHVSDUWLFXOLqUHVV¶HQUDFLQHGDQVOHP\VWqUHGH
O¶(JOLVHGX&KULVW
'DQV FH PrPH P\VWqUH FKUpWLHQ1 O¶(JOLVH FDWKROLTXH DSRVWROLTXH HW Uo- maine est toute HQWLqUHV\QRGDOHFRQFLOLDLUH2.
$X;;VLqFOHO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXHDSXFpOpEUHUOH&Rncile Vatican II et dp
YHORSSHUOHVYDOHXUVV\QRGDOHVHWFRQFLOLDLUHVGXIDLWG¶XQFRQWH[WHROHFRQFLl- iarisme3 Q¶pWDLWGpMjSOXVOHSpULOPDMHXU3DVGHSpULOFRQFLOLDULVWHQLGHSpULO
pSLVFRSDOLVWH FDU OD SOHLQH FRPPXQLRQ HFFOpVLDOH HW KLpUDUFKLTXH EpQpILFLH
depuis les efforts de la contre-5pIRUPHFDWKROLTXHG¶XQHTXDVLUHFRQQDLVVDQFH
XQDQLPHGDQVODFDWKROLFLWpHQIDYHXUGHODSULPDXWpSpWULQLHQQHGHO¶(YrTXHGH
Rome. Depuis les premiers temps apostoliquHVOH&RQFLOHJpQpUDOGRLWrWUHHQ
FRPPXQLRQ DYHF OH 3DSH SRXU rWUH XQ FRQFLOH YDOLGH RX FDWKROLTXH /H 3DSH
SUpVLGHjODFKDULWpHWFRQILUPHODIRLGHVHVIUqUHVOHV(YrTXHVFDWKROLTXHVFHWWH
1 Y.M. Congar, (VTXLVVHVGXP\VWqUHGHO¶(JOLVHQRXYHOOHpGLWLRQ&ROOHFWLRQ©8QDPVDQc- WDPª 3DULV &HUI S &RQFLOH °FXPpQLTXH 9DWLFDQ ,, 'pFUHW FRQFLOLDLUH 2SWDWDP
WRWLXVVXUODIRUPDWLRQGXFOHUJpª13DULV/H&HQWXULRQS
2 O. Pontal, OHVFRQFLOHVGHOD)UDQFHFDSpWLHQQHMXVTX¶HQ&ROOHFWLRQ©+LVWRLUHª3Dris, FRpG&HUI ,QVWLWXW5HFKHUFKH+LVWRLUHGHVWH[WHV&156S
3 P. $UDEH\UH©/HVSHFWUHGXFRQFLOLDULVPHFKH]OHVFDQRQLVWHVIUDQoDLVGXHWGXVLq
FOHª LQ 3DWULFN $UDEH\UH %ULJLWWH %DVGHYDQW-Gaudemet (Ed.), Les clercs et les princes. Doc- WULQHVHWSUDWLTXHVGHO¶DXWRULWpHFFOpVLDVWLTXHjO¶pSRTXHPRGHUQH, Ecole des Chartes, Paris,41, 2013, p. 245±269.
SUpVLGHQFHHWFHWWHDWWHVWDWLRQSDUO¶(YrTXHGH5RPHV¶H[HUFHQWDXF°XUGXGLo- FqVH GH 5RPH4 V¶H[HUFHQW DX F°XU GX &ROOqJH GHV (YrTXHV FDWKROLTXHV
V¶H[HUFHQWDXF°XUGHO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXHWRXWHHQWLqUHV¶H[HUFHQWDXF°XUGH
O¶(JOLVHGX&KULVWQoWDPPHQWGDQVOHPRXYHPHQW°FXPpQLTXHPRXYHPHQWTXH
OH &RQFLOH 9DWLFDQ ,, UHFRQQDvW SRXU OD SUHPLqUH IRLV /D SUpVLGHQFH HW OH
WpPRLJQDJHGHIRLGHODSDUWGHO¶(YrTXHGH5RPHV¶H[HUFHQWGRQFDXF°XUGX
P\VWqUH FKUpWLHQ GH OD 5pGHPSWLRQ 5pGHPSWLRQ SDU OH &KULVW GDQV O¶(VSULW- 6DLQWYHUVOH3qUH,OV¶DJLWGHOD5pGHPSWLRQjODTXHOOHOHVEDSWLVpVpHVHWOHV
DXWUHVrWUHVKXPDLQVGHERQQHYRORQWpVRQWDSSHOpVSDUOH7ULQLWp6DLQWHjrWUH
DVVRFLpV
/D VSpFLILFLWp V\QRGDOH FDWKROLTXH HW OD VSpFLILFLWp FRQFLOLDLUH FDWKROLTXH
VRQWULFKHVGHWUDGLWLRQVGLYHUVLILpHVODWLQHVLFL5RULHQWDOHVOj6. Les Eglises par- WLFXOLqUHV F¶HVW j GLUH SOXV JpQpUDOHPHQW OHV GLRFqVHV7 ODWLQV HW OHV pSDUFKLHV
RULHQWDOHV VRQW FRQFHUQpHV SDU OD V\QRGDOLWp8 et par la nature conciliaire de O¶(JOLVHF¶HVWjGLUHHQTXHOTXHVRUWHSDUVD©FRQFLOLDULWpªVLMHSXLVHPSOR\HUFH
QpRORJLVPH &KDTXH (JOLVH SDUWLFXOLqUH HVW FRQFHUQpH G¶XQ F{Wp SDU OD V\n- RGDOLWpDYHFSDUH[FHOOHQFHODFpOpEUDWLRQGXV\QRGHGiRFpVDLQVXLYLHHQSULQFLSH
GHODSURPXOJDWLRQSDUO¶pYrTXHGLRFpVDLQGHODORLV\QRGDOHHWG¶XQDXWUHF{Wp
FKDTXH(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHHVWFRQFHUQpHDXVVLSDUODQDWXUHFRQFLOLDLUHde cette 3RUWLRQGX3HXSOHGH'LHXFDUO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHQ¶HVWSDVLVROpHGHODFpOp
EUDWLRQGHVFRQFLOHVO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHQ¶HVWSDVLVROpHJUkFHjO¶pYrTXHGi- RFpVDLQSRXUOHFRQFLOHJpQpUDOGHO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXHWRXWHHQWLqUH(WO¶(JOLVH
particXOLqUHQ¶HVWSDVLVROpHGHVFRQFLOHVSDUWLFXOLHUV± SOpQLHUV9 et provinciaux ± GH O¶(JOLVH ORFDOH JUkFH j O¶(YrTXH GLRFpVDLQ HW j G¶DXWUHV PHPEUHV GH VRQ
(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHTXLVRQWPHPEUHVGHGURLWRXSDULQYLWDWLRQGHFHVFRQFLOHV
particuliers (canon 443).
/HVPRWV©V\QRGHªHW©FRQFLOHªpWDLHQWV\QRQ\PHVDX[GpEXWVGHO¶KLVWRLUH
GH O¶(JOLVH FDWKROLTXH WRXWH HQWLqUH 'HSXLV OHV GHX[ H[SUHVVLRQV FRnnaissent GHVXVDJHVGLYHUVLILpV QRXVVDYRQVTX¶XQV\QRGHGLRFpVDLQQ¶HVWSDVXQFRQFLOH
49RLUOHV6\QRGHVGXGLRFqVHGH5RPHVRXVOHV6DLQWV3DSHV-HDQ;;,,,HW-HDQ3DXO
II (1993).
5 P. 9DOGULQL'LU/DV\QRGDOLWpLQ/¶DQQpHFDQRQLTXH+RUVVpULHYROS
6-RE$EEDVV©6LQRGRSHUPDQHQWHGH ODFXULDSDWULDUFDOª in Javier Otaduy, Antonio Viana, Joaquin Sedano (Dir.), Diccionario general de derecho canonico, Ed. Thomson Renters Aranzadi,
&L]XU0pQRU1DYDUUD9,,,S±'LPLWULRV6DODFKDV©6LQRGRVGHRELVSRVGHODV
Iglesias patriDUFDOHV \ DU]RELVSDOHV PD\RUHVª LQ Diccionario general de derecho canonico, op.
cit., 2012, vol. VIII, p. 356±357.
7 G. Chaix (dir.), /H GLRFqVH (VSDFHV UHSUpVHQWDWLRQV SRXYRLUV )UDQFH ;9±;; VLqFOH,
&ROOHFWLRQ©+LVWRLUHUHOLJLHXVHGHOD)UDQFHª3DULV&HUIS
8 M.A. 6DQWRV©6LQRGDOLGDGªLQ-DYLHU2WDGX\$QWRQLR9LDQD-RDTXLQ6HGDQR'LUDic- cionario general de derecho canonico, op. cit., 2012, vol. VIII, p. 342±453 .
9 P.W. Jiyou, /HSUHPLHUFRQFLOHSOpQLHUFKLQRLV6KDQJKDL'URLWFDQRQLTXHPLVVLRn- QDLUH IRUJp HQ &KLQH 3UpIDFH GH -HDQ &KDUERQQLHU &ROOHFWLRQ ©'URLW FDQRQLTXHª 3DULV &HUI
2010, 413 p.
SDUWLFXOLHU /HVGLIIpUHQWV FRncepts et usages en droit canonique sont toujours LQWHUSHOpVSDUOHP\VWqUHGHO¶(JOLVHGX&KULVWDILQTXHODFDQRQLFLWp± F¶HVWj dire le GHJUp G¶DXWRULWp HQJDJpH SDU O¶(JOLVH ± soit non seulement efficace, mais soit efficiente O¶HIILFLHQFHQHPHWSDVVHXOHPHQWHQDSSOication une norme et une action canoniques O¶HIILFLHQFHFRQWULEXHjFHTXHODQRUPHHWO¶DFWLRQ canoniques VRLHQWIUXFWXHXVHVLFLTX¶HOOHVVRLHQWVDOYLILTXHV
Sous le pontificat de Saint Jean-Paul II, le Synode extraordinaire des (YrTXHVj5RPHGH106\QRGHUpXQLSRXUOHDQQLYHUVDLUHGX&RQFLOH
JpQpUDOHW°FXPpQLTXH9DWLFDQ,,HVWFRQVLGpUpFRPPHXQHpWDSHSRXUODSULVH
de conVFLHQFHGHFHTX¶HVWODFRPPXQLRQKLpUDUFKLTXHGDQVO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXH
XQHpWDSHTXLDHQFRXUDJpO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXHWRXWHHQWLqUHjFXOWLYHUGDYDQWDJH
OD JUkFH GLYLQH GH OD FRPPXQLRQ HFFOpVLDOH &HWWH FRPPXQLRQ HVW O¶°XYUH
VSpFLILTXHGHO¶(VSULW6DLQW&HWWHFRPPXQLRQDODYRFDWLRQGHVWLPXOHUOD©FRn- FLOLDULWpªHWODV\QRGDOLWp(QRXWUHFHWWHFRPPXQLRQDODYRFDWLRQGHVWLPXOHUOD
FROOpJLDOLWp pSLVFRSDOH GH VWLPXOHU OD FRRSpUDWLRQ HQWUH OHV GLIIpUHQWV pWDWV GH
YLHGHVEDSWLVpVpHVGDQVO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXHGHVWLPXOHUODUHFKHUFKHGHO¶XQLWp
°FXPpQLTXHGHVWLPXOHUOHGLDORJXHLQWHU-religieux, de stimuler la promotion de la justice, de la paix dans le monde, et enfin de stimuler la consecratio mundi.
1RXV GLVLRQV TXH OH 6\QRGH GLRFpVDLQ11 Q¶HVW SDV XQ &RQFLOH SDUWLFXOLHU
/¶(JOLVHSDrWLFXOLqUHportio populo Dei ± comme le rappelle le Concile Vatican II ±, EpQpILFLH GH TXDOLWLWpV VSpFLILTXHV TXDQW j OD V\QRGDOLWp HW j OD ©FRQFLOLDUiWpª
&HVVSpFLILFLWpVQHVRQWSDVjFRQIRQGUHDYHFFHOOHVGRQWEpQpILFLHO¶(JOLVHOo- FDOH SRXU OH WHUULWRLUH GH OD 3URYLQFH HFFOpVLDVWLTue et pour le territoire ± (rp
JLRQDO QDWLRQDO RX FRQWLQHQWDO GH OD &RQIpUHQFH GHV pYrTXHV $ IRUWLRUL OHV
VSpFLILFLWpV V\QRGDOHV HW FRQFLOLDLUHV SRXU O¶(JOLVH sui iuris latine et pour O¶(JOLVH FDWKROLTXH WRXWH HQWLqUH QH VRQW SDV j FRQIRQGUH DYHF OHV VSpFLILFiWpV
V\QRGDOHVHWFRQFLOLDLUHVSRXUFKDTXH(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUH/H&RQFLOH9DWLFDQ,,
DUDSSHOpTXHO¶(JOLVHXQLYHUVHOOHVHUpDOLVHGpMjGDQVHWjSDUWLUGHO¶(JOLVHSDr- WLFXOLqUHHQVRXOLJQDQWTXHO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHHVWportio populo DeiO¶(JOLVe XQLYHUVHOOH HW FKDTXH (JOLVH SDUWLFXOLqUH RQWjV¶DSSRUWHUXQPXWXHOFRQFRXUV
GDQV OH UHVSHFW GH OD VXFFHVVLRQ DSRVWROLTXH HW GDQV FHOXL GH OD SULPDXWp
SULPDXWpURPDLQHUHPRQWDQWjFHOOHGHO¶$S{WUH6DLQW3LHUUH
3RXUODQRWLRQGHFROOpJLDOLWpFHWWHQRWLRQUHQYRLHG¶DERUGDXFROOqJHGHV
pYrTXHVHW\UpDOLVHXQaffectus societatisGRQWEpQpILFLHQWHQSULQFLSHFKDFXQH
SRXU OHXU SDUW O¶(JOLVH WRXWHHQWLqUHOHV(JOLVHVORFDOHVHWPrPHOHV(JOLVHV par- WLFXOLqUHV/DFROOpJLDOLWpSHXWFRQFHUQHUDXVVLG¶DXWUHVUpDOLWpVHFFOpVLDOHV\ compris
10 Collectif, 6\QRGHH[WUDRUGLQDLUH&pOpEUDWLRQGH9DWLFDQ,,Introduction de Joseph A. Ko- monchak, Paris, Cerf, 1986, 679 p.; Alain Nisus, /¶(JOLVHFRPPHFRPPXQLRQHWFRPPHLQVWLWu- WLRQ 8QH OHFWXUH GH O¶HFFOpVLRORJLH GX FDUGLQDO &RQJDUj SDUWLU GH OD WUDGLWLRQ des Eglises de professants3UpIDFHG¶+HUYp/HJUDQG&ROOHFWLRQ©&RJLWDWLRILGHLª13DULV&HUI p.
11 A. 9LDQD ©6LQRGR GLRFHVDQRª LQ -DYLHU 2WDGX\ $QWRQLR 9LDQD -RDTXLQ 6HGDQR 'LU
Diccionario general de derecho canonico, ibid., 2012, Vol. VII, p. 350±354.
GDQVO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUH FHVRQWSDUH[FHOOHQFHODFKDULWpHWODFRQYLvLDOLWp(W
O¶pYrTXHGLRFpVDLQDPLVVLRQG¶\SUpVLGHUFHWWHFRQFHSWLRQGHODFRlOpJLDOLWpQH
FRQFHUQHSDVXQVHXOHWXQLTXHFROOqJHSUpFLVPDLVFRQFHUQHWRXVOHVFROOqJHV
OHFROOqJXHGHVpYrTXHVOHFROOqJHGHVFDUGLQDX[OHFROOqJHGHVFKanoines, le FROOqJH GX SUHVE\WpULXP ± /D FROOpJLDOLWp FRQFHUQH O¶DIIHFWXV VRFLHWDWLV, et O¶affectus societatis Q¶HVW SDV UpVHUYp DX[ pYrTXHV PDLV O¶DIIHFWXV societatis FRQFHUQHWRXVOHVILGqOHVSRXUODSOHLQHFRPPXQLRQHFFOpVLDOH/¶affectus socip
tatis conFHUQHWRXWrWUHKXPDLQSRXUODFRQFRUGHVRFLDOHSRXUODMXVWLFHHWSRXU
ODSDL[/¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHSHXWHQSULQFLSHV¶DSSX\HUVXUODV\QRGDOLWpHWVXU
OD©FRQFLOLDULWpªSRXUSURPRXYRLUO¶affectus societatis GDQVHWKRUVGHO¶(JOLVH
du Christ.
'DQVODWUDGLWLRQODWLQHWRXMRXUVQRXVUpIOpFKLURQVDX[UDSSRUWVWKpRORJLTXHVHW
FDQRQLTXHVTXLVHQRXHQWHQWUHODFRPPXQLRQKLpUDUFKLTXHHWODV\QRGDOLWpDXVHLQ
GHO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUH,1RXVLQVLVWHURQVHQWKpRORJLHHWHQ droit canonique sur ODV\QRGDOLWpGHO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHHQpYRTXDQWO¶LQVWLWXWLRQpPLQHQWHGX6\node GLRFpVDLQ,,
I. COMMUNION +,e5$5&+,48( ',2&e6$,1(
ET 6<12'$/,7e DI2&e6$,1(
'X SRLQW GH YXH pSLVWpPRORJLTXH QRXV UHFHYRQV GH OD SDUW GH OD 3ULqUH
OLWXUJLTXH FpOpEUpH DXVVL GDQV FKDTXH (JOLVH SDUWLFXOLqUH OD IRL GH O¶(JOLVH OD
OLWXUJLHGRQQHjUeFHYRLUODWKpRORJLHGHO¶(JOLVHGRQQHjUHFHYRLUODWKpRORJLH
GHODFDQRQLFLWp donnHjUHFHYRLUODFDQRQLFLWpGHODFRPPXQLRQKLpUDUFKLTXH
HWGRQQHjUHFHYRLUODFDQRQLFLWpGHODV\nRGDOLWpGLRFpVDLQH
Lex orandi, lex credendi HVW XQ DGDJH WKpRORJLTXH HW FDQRQLTXH GpFLVLI OD
3ULqUHGHO¶(JOLVHWDQWGHO¶(JOLVHXQLYHUVHOOHTXHGHO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHDOD voca- WLRQG¶H[SULPHUODIRLGHO¶(JOLVHHWG¶H[SULPHUVRQHFFOpVLRORJLHF¶HVWjGLUH
G¶H[SULPHUODWKpRORJLHGX3HXSOHGH'LHXODIRLGXsensus fidelium qui com- SUHQGODIRLWRXVOHVILGqOHVGRQWpYLGHPPHQWOHV(YrTXHVHWOH3DSHLe Pape FRQILUPHODIRLHWOH3DSHDODIRLGHO¶(JOLVH(QV¶DSSX\DQWVXUO¶DXWRULWpGX
0DJLVWqUHGX3DSHSUpFLVpHSDUOH&RQFLOH9DWiFDQ,FHWWHWKpRORJLHDpWpPLVH
HQYDOHXUDX&RQFLOH9DWLFDQ,,HWGpYHORSSpHGpMjSDUOHV3DSHV-HDQ;;,,,
Paul VI, Jean-3DXO-HDQ-3DXO,,%HQRvW;9HW)UDQoRLV'DQVO¶(JOLVHSDr- WLFXOLqUHOD3ULqUHGHO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHGLWODIRLGHO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXHWRXWH
HQWLqUHDXWRXUGHO¶ÊYrTXHGLRFpVDLQ'RFWHXUGHODIRLOXLTXLHVW(YrTXHGi- RFpVDLQHQSOHLQHFRPPXQLRQDYHFO¶(YrTXHGH5RPH
/H FDQRQ GX &RGH GH GURLW FDQRQLTXH ODWLQ GH GLVSRVH TXH
©/HVDFWLRQVOLWXUJLTXHVQHVRQWSDVGHVDFWLRQVSULYpHVPDLVGHVFpOpEUDWLRQVde O¶(JOLVHHOOH-PrPHTXLHVWµVDFUHPHQWG¶XQLWp¶F¶HVWjdire peuple saint, rasVHPEOpHW
RUGRQQpVRXVO¶DXWRULWpGHV(YrTXHVF¶HVWSRXUTXRLHOOHVFRQFHUQHQWOHFRUSVGH
O¶(JOLVHWRXWHQWLHUOHPDQLIHVWHQWHWOHUpDOLVHQWPDLVHOOHVDtteignent chacun de VHVPHPEUHVGHIDoRQYDULpHVHORQODGLYHUVLWpGHVRUGUHV, des fonctions et de la SDUWLFLSDWLRQHIIHFWLYHª(WOHGHUHQFKpULU©3XLVTXHGHSDUOHXUQDWXUHPrPH
OHVDFWLRQVOLWXUJLTXHVFRPSRUWHQWXQHFpOpEUDWLRQFRmmunautaire, elles seront FpOpEUpHV DYHFO¶DVVLVWDQFHHWODSDUWLFLSDWLRQDFWLYHGHVILGqOHVOj RFHODHVW
SRVVLEOHª12.
'DQV FKDTXH (JOLVH SDUWLFXOLqUH O¶(YrTXH HW VRn SUHVE\WpULXP sont au F°XUGXGLRFqVHDXF°XUGXVDFUHPHQWGHO¶XQLWp4XHOHVEDSWLVpVHVVRLHQW
XQLVDX&KULVWGDQVO¶HQVHPEOHYLVLEOHGHO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXHLFLGDQVOHGLRFqVH
/¶(YrTXHHWVRQpresbyterium VRQWDXF°ur de la pleine communion entre leur O¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHHWOHVDXWUHV(JOLVHVGHODFDWKROLFLWp
/HVFRQGLWLRQVGHODFRPPXQLRQKLpUDUFKLTXHVRQWUDSSHOpHVSDUOHFDQRQ
GXPrPH&RGH : ce sont les liens de la profession de foi, des sacrements et du gouvernement ecFOpVLDVWLTXH
Outre la participation de la part du service ontologique et apostolique des GLDFUHVOHVODwFVTXHVHWOHVFRQVDFUpVHVFRRSqUHQWDXVVLjFHPLQLVWqUHpSLs- FRSDOHWSUHVE\WpUDOGHODFRPPXQLRQHFFOpVLDOHHWGHODPLVVLRQDSRVWolique. Et WRXV OHV EDSWLVpVHV FDWKROLTXHV HQ UHVSHFWDQW DYHF IHUYHXU OD GLYLQH HW MXVWH
comSOpWXGHHQWUHOHVDFHUGRFHFRPPXQGHVILGqOHVHWOHVDFHUGRFHPLQLVWpULHO
SDUWLFLSHQWHIIHFWLYHPHQWHWDFWLYHPHQWjODYRFDWLRQVDFHUGRWDOHDILQGHFRn- tribuer jODSURPRWLRQGHODconsecratio mundi. InVLVWRQVVXUFHWWHFRQVpFUDWLRQ
OHV ILGqOHV GX &KULVW VRQW OHV WpPRLQV GH FHWWHFRQVpFUDWLRQJUkFHjOHXUEDp- WrPH13 TXL HVW OH SUHPLHU VDFUHPHQW SDU OHTXHO OD 6DLQWH 7ULQLWp OHV D GpMj
FRQVDFUpVJUDWXLWHPHQWHWGpILQLWLYHPHQW
/DSULqUHOLWXUJLTXHGHO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHH[SULPHODIRLHQO¶(JOLVHTXL
est sacrement du salut, sacrement qui consacre tous les baptiVpVHVSRXUOHVDOXW
GXPRQGH/DSULqUHOLWXUJLTXHGXGLRFqVHH[SULPHODIRLHQO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXH
TXLHVWULFKHGHODSDUWLFLSDWLRQGHFKDFXQGHVILGqOHV8QHSDUWLFLSDWLRQH[HUFpH
GHIDoRQYDULpHVHORQODGLYHUVLWpGHVRUGUHVGHVIRQFWLRQVHWGHODSarticipation HIIHFWLYH QRWDPPHQW GDQV OH GLRFqVH OXL-PrPH OD FRPPXQLRQ GLRFpVDLQH HW
FDWKROLTXH UHoRLW GH 'LHX OD YRFDWLRQ GH VH UpDOLVHU GDQV WRXW O¶rWUH FKUpWLHQ
GDQV OD SULqUH SHUVRQQHOOH HW GDQV OD OLWXUJLH 0DLV DXVVL OD FRPPXQLRQ Gi- RFpVDLQHHWFDWKROLTXHUHoRLWGH'LHXODYRFDWLRQGHVHUpDOLVHUSOXVODUJHPHQW
GDQVOHVPLVVLRQVDSRVWROLTXHVpWKLTXHVFXOWXUHOOHVG¶pGXFDWLRQGHFKDULWpGH
justice et de paix.
12 E. 7HMHUR ©& &RPHQWDULRª LQ $ 0DU]RD - 0LUDV \ 5 5RGULJXH]-Ocana (Dir.), Comentario exegetico al Codigo de derecho canonico, Eunsa, Pamplona, 1996, vol. III, p. 396±400.
13 J.P. 'XUDQG©/HEDSWrPHFRPPHVRXUFHGHVGURLWVHWGHVGHYRLUVGHVILGqOHVªLQ-XDQ,JQa- cio Arrieta (Dir.) & Costantino-0 )DEULV pG Ius divinum (Consociatio internationalis studio LXULV FDQRQLFL SURPRYHQGR )DFROWj GL 'LULWWR FDQRQLFR 6DQ 3LR ; GL 9HQH]LD ;,,, FRngresso internazionale di Diritto canonico),Venezia, Marcianum Press, 2012, p. 687±752.
/D 3ULqUH OLWXUJLTXH GH O¶(JOLVH SDUWLFXOLqUH H[SULPH OD IRL HQ O¶(JOLVH
FDWKROLTXHR OHVDFHUGRFHFRPPXQGHVILGqOHVHWOHVDFHUGRFHPLQLVWpULHORQW
YRFDWLRQ j rWUH GHX[ VDFHrGRFHV FRPSOpPHQWDLUHV &HWWH FRPSOpPHQWDULWp HVW
LQYLWpH SDU OD GLYLQH 3URYLGHQFH SDU OD PpGLDWLRQ GH OD WUDGLWLRQ YLYDQWH GH
O¶(JOLVH GX &KULVW HW SDU OH PDJLVWqUH GH O¶(JOLVH FDWKROLTXH j rWUH XQH FRm- SOpPHQWDULWpV\QRGDOHHWFRQFLOLDLUH
/¶pYrTXHGLRFpVDLQHVWGRQFLQYLWpjHQFRXUDJHUODFRPPXQLRQGHVILGqOHV
diRFpVDLQVjrWUHSOXVIHUYHQWHHQFXOWLYDQWVHORQOHVYRFDWLRQVOHVRUGUHVHWOHV
IRQFWLRQVODWkFKHV\QRGDOHGDQVOHGLRFqVHVXUWRXWHWHQFXOWLYDQWODWkFKHFRn- FLOLDLUHRXOHOLHQHQWUHODYLHGLRFpVDLQHHWOHVFRQFLOHV7kFKHFRQFLOLDLUHSUpFi- VpPHQWSDUFHTXHOHGLRFqVHHVWUHSUpVHQWpQRWDPPHQWGDQVOHVFRQFLOHVQRXV
O¶DYRQVGLWSRXUOHELHQGHODUHODWLRQDYHFO¶(JOLVHORFDOHGHODUHODWLRQDYHF
O¶(JOLVHsui iuris ODWLQHHWDYHFO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXHWRXWHHQWLqUH/DFRPPXQLRQ
GDQV O¶(JOLVH SDUWLFXOLqUH EpQpILFLH HQ SULQFLSH j OD FRmPXQLRQ DYHF O¶(JOLVH
locale ± SURYLQFLDOH UpJLRQDOH QDWLRQDOe, continentale. La communion dans O¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHEpQpILFLHjODFRPPXQLRQDYHFO¶(JOLVH sui iuris latine et avec Eglises sui iuris orientales en pleine communion avec Rome. La commun- LRQGDQVO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHEpQpILFLHjODFRPPXQLRQDYHFO¶(JOise catholique WRXWHHQWLqUHHWDYHFO¶(JOLVHGX&KULVWPR\HQQDQWOHPRXYHPHQW°FXPpQLTXH ; mouvement sous la conGXLWHGHVSDVWHXUVFDWKROLTXHVOpJLWLPHVSRXUXQHMXVWH
UHODWLRQDYHFO¶(JOLVHVFKUpWLHQQHVHWDYHFOHV&RPPXQDXWpVHFFOpVLDOHVTXLQL
les unes, ni les autres, ne sont pas en pleine communion.
/D FRRSpUDWLRQ HQWUH O¶(JOLVH GLRFpVDLQH HW VD &RQIpUHQFH GHV (YrTXHV
G¶DSSDUWHQDQFH EpQpILFLH HQ SULQFLSH GH FHV IRQGHPHQWV WKpRORJLTXHV FRn- cernant plusieurs dimension: pour la promotion de la pleine communion, pour la SURPRWLRQGHODFROOpJLDOLWpFI supraSRXUODSURPRWLRQGHODV\QRGDOLWpHWGH
OD ©FRQFLOLDULWpª $ SURSRV GH OD ©FRQFLOLDrLWpªF¶HVW DYHF O¶pYHQWXHO &RQFLOH
SOpQLHUFRQFLOHTXLSHXWrWUHFpOpEUpVXUOHWHUULWRLUHGHOD&RQIpUHQFHGHV pYrTXHV
FRQFHUQpHHWRVLqJHQWGHVUHSUpVHQWDQWVGXGLRFqVHFRPPHQRXVOHGLVLRQV
'DQVOH'LRFqVHODSURPRWLRQGHODFRPPXQLRQHWFHOOHGHODV\QRGDOLWp
V¶DGUHVVHQWHQSULQFLSH± HWDSUqV9DWLFDQ,,VHORQGHVPRGDOLWpVUHQRXYHOpHVHQ
profondeur ± aux RUJDQHV FROOpJLDX[ GDQEV OH 'LRFqVH &HWWH SURPRWLRQ Gi- RFpVDLQHGHODFRPPXQLRQHWGHODV\QRGDOLWpLQWHUURJHODFRPSpWHQFHGHVRUJa- QHVFROOpJLDX[GX'LRFqVH14/DPLVHHQ°XYUHHVWOHQWHHWGLIILFLOHPDOJUpOHV
impulsions et approfondissements du Concile Vatican II.
4XDQWjO¶Eglise catholique qui est en France, par exemple, nous citons un DUWLFOH GHMXLQGHOD&RQIpUHQFHpSLVFRSDOHIUDQoDLVHjSURSRV GHVQRu- YHDX[ &RQVHLOV GLRFpVDLQV GH SDVWRUDOH ©,O \ D XQ DQ FI 1RWH OH
6HFUpWDULDWJpQpUDOGHO¶(SLVFRSDWIUanoDLVSUpVHQWDLWDX[(YrTXHVXQSUHPLHU
14 M. Sitarz, &RPSpWHQFHV RI FROOHJLDO RUJDQV LQ D SDUWLFXODU &KXUFK, Wydawnictwo John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Law, Canon Law and Administration, Lublin, 2013, 274 p.
ELODQGHVH[SpULHQFHVIUDQoDLVHV&HWWHQRuYHOOH1RWHGHMXLQpWDEOLHSDU
les soins de M le Chanoine Boulard ± HFFOpVLRORJXH KLVWRULHQ VRFLRORJXH ± laisse appaUDvWUH OHV JUDQGHV GLIILFXOWpV HW OHV OHQWHXUs de la mise en place du Conseil diRFpVDLQGHSDVWRUDOHª15$FHWWHpSRTXHQRXVpWLRQVjPRLQVGHFLQT
DQV DSUqV OD FO{WXUH GX &RQFLOH 9DWLFDQ ,, /HV SUHPLqUHV DQQpHV SRVW- FRQFLOLDLUHVRQWYXDSSDUDvWUHGHVPHVXUHVXQLYHUVHOOHVG¶applications du Con- FLOH9DWLFDQ,,GHVPHVXUHVGpFLGpHVSDUOH3DSH3DXO9,'HVGpFLVLRQVSRQWLIi- cales prises souvent en colODERUDWLRQDYHFOHVSUHPLqUHVUpXQLRQVGHGLDORJXHGH
FRQFHUWDWLRQGHFRQVXOWDWLRQDXSUqVG¶XQDXWUHRUJDQHFROOpJLDOQRXYHDXj O¶pFKHORQ
universel, un organe non permaQHQWSUqVGX3DSHHWH[WpULHXUjOD Curie romaine:
F¶HVWOH6\QRGHGHVpYrTXHV
&RQFHUQDQWOH'LRFqVH16pYRTXRQVO¶LQVWLWXWLRQGX6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQ&HWWH
WUqVDQFLHQQHLQVWLWXWLRQ17 V¶HVWRXYHUWHjGHVODwFVTXHVHWjGHVFRQVDFUpVHV DSUqVOH&RQFLOH9DWiFDQ,,HWOH&RGHGHGURLWFDQRQLTXHGHSUpFLVpPHQWDYHF
ODSUpVHQFHSDUWLFLSDQWHHWFRRSpUDQWHGHVILGqOHVLGRLQHVpOXVHVRXQRmPps(es).
II. SYNODE ',2&e6$,1 ET 6<12'$/,7e DE /¶(*/,6( 3$57,&8/,Ê5(
/H 6\QRGH GLRFpVDLQ D UHoX VRQ VWDWXW XQLYHUVHO ODWLQ pODUJL j GHV
ODwFVTXHVHWjGHFRQVDFUpVHVGDQVOH&RGHGHGURLWFDQRQLTXHGHDSUqV
XQHSpULRGHG¶H[SpULPHQWDWLRQ18 SUpSDUpHSDUOH3DSH3DXO9,'DQVOH&RGHGH
DX[FDQRQVjO¶LQVWLWXWLRQGX6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQHVWWUDLWpHDSUqV
FHOOHVGHV&RQFLOHVSDUWLFXOLHUVHWGHV&RQIpUHQFHVGHVpYrTXHV19.
&HWpODUJLVVHPHQWGX6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQjGHVODwFVTXHVHWjGHV FRQVDFUpVHV DQRWDPPHQWSRXUILQDOLWpHFFOpVLRORJLTXHHWFDQRQLTXH20G¶KRQRUHUODSDUWLFLSa- WLRQ HIIHFWLYH HW DFWLYH GHVILGqOHVjODPLVVLRQGHO¶(JOLVHLFLGHO¶(JOLVHGi- RFpVDLQHGDQVVRQ6\QRGH&HWWHRXYHUWXUHDDFTXLVODUpSXWDWLRQG¶rWUHDSSUp
156HFUpWDULDWJpQpUDOGHO¶pSLVFRSDW©RHQVRQWOHV&RQVHLOVGLRFpVDLQVGHSDVWRUDOH"ª3DULV
MXLQ$UFKLYHVGHO¶(JOLVHGH)UDQFHS6HFUpWDULDWJpQpUDOGHO¶pSLVFRSDW©/HFRQVHLO
diRFpVDLQGHSDVWRUDOHª3DULVMDQYLHU$UFKLYHVGHO¶(JOLVHGH)UDQFHS
16 J. Palard, 3RXYRLUUHOLJLHX[HWHVSDFHVRFLDO/HGLRFqVHGH%RUGHDX[FRPPHRUJDQLVation, 3UpIDFHGH5HQp5pPRQG&ROOHFWLRQ©6FLHQFHVKXPDLQHVHWUHOLJLRQVª3DULV&HUIS
17 B. Basdevant-Gaudemet, Histoire du droit canonique et des instLWXWLRQVGHO¶(JOLVHODWLQH
XV±;;VLqFOHParis, Economica, 2014, 699 p.
18 J.P. 'XUDQG©8QUHJUDLQG¶LQWpUrWHQ)UDQFHSRXUOHVV\QRGHVGLRFpVDLQVªLQ3DWULFN9Dl- GULQL'LU/DV\QRGDOLWp/¶DQQpHFDQRQLTXH+RUVVpULH9RO,,S±597.
19 H. Legrand, J. Manzanares, A Garcia y Garcia (Dir.), /HV&RQIpUHQFHVGHVpYrTXHVWKpROo- gie, statut canonique, avenir, &ROOHFWLRQ ©&RJLWDWLR ILGHLª 1 3DULV &HUI S
Charlemagne Didace Malonga Diawara-'RUp &DQRQLFLWp GH OD FRQIpUHQFH GHV pYrTXHV 7KqVH
)DFXOWpGH'URLWFDQRQLTXHGHO¶,QVWLWXWFDWKROLTXHGH3DULVHW)DFXOWpGH'URLW-HDQ0RQHW8Qi- YHUVLWp Paris Sud, 2012, 2 vol., 549 p. et 309 p. (DacW\O$SDUDvWUH
20 P. Valdrini, &RPXQLWjSHUVRQHJRYHUQR/H]LRQLVXi libri I e II del CIC 1983, Collection Utrumque IUS 32, Roma, Lateran University Press, 2013, 341 p.
FLpHIDYRUDEOHPHQWSDUOHVSDUWLHVHQSUpVHQWHPDLVGHVWHQVLRQVHWGHVLQWHUUo- JDWLRQV RQW VXUJL DXVVL $ WHO SRLQW TXH O¶,QVWUXFWLRQ OpJLVODWLYH GH QRYHPEUH
DGUpDJLUSRXUFKHUFKHUjVDXYHJDUGHUGaYDQWDJHO¶DXWRULWpGHO¶(YrTXH
GLRFpVDLQjHQFDGUHUpJDOHPHQWGDYDQWDJHOHVFRQGLWLRQVGXFKRL[GHVPDWLqUHV
jWUDLWHUHQ6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQ
/¶pODUJLVVHPHQW GH O¶LQVWLWXWLRQ V\QRGDOH GLRFpVDLQH D UHODQFp OHV GpEDWV
VXUOHVUDSSRUWVHQFRUHGLIILFLOHVHQWUHFOHUFVHWODwFVG¶XQH part et sur la subsidiDULWp
GDQVO¶(JOLVHG¶DXWUHSDUWQRWDPPHQWTXDQGFHWWHVXEVLGLDULWpULVTXHGHIUDJLOi- VHUODFRPSpWHQFHHWO¶DXWRULWpGXPLQLVWUHRUGRQQpHWVSpFLDOHPHQWGHO¶(YrTXH
GLRFpVDLQ3UpFLVpPHQWXQHDXWUHLnstUXFWLRQGHODPrPHDQQpe 1997 a LQVLVWp
HOOH VXU OHV FRQGLWLRQV G¶XQH FROODERUDWLRQ SOXV UHVSHFWXHXVH j O¶pJDUG GH OD
FRPSOpPHQWDULWpHQWUHOHVDFHUGRFHFRPPXQGHVILGqOHVHWOHVDFHUGRFHPLQLVWp
ULHO3RXUFRQIRUWHUO¶DXWRULWppSLVFRSDOHHWSRXUFRQWULEXHUjFHTXHODGLIIpUHn- FLDWLRQ HQWUH OHV FRPSpWHQFHV GDQV O¶(JOLVH QH VRLW SDV UHODWLYLVpH QL Upduite j GHV FRQFXUUHQFHV HQWUH SRXYRLUV ULYDX[ O¶([KRUWDWLRQ GH 6DLQW -HDQ3DXO,,
3DVWRUHV JUHJLV GH D LQYLWp GDQV VRQ QXPpUR j GDYDQWDJH pWXGLHU
O¶XWLOLVDWLRQGXSULQFLSHGHVXEVLGLDULWpTXDQWjVRQpFRQRPLHjO¶LQWpULHXUGHV
UHODWLRQV KLpUDUFKLTXHV GDQV O¶(JOLVH 8QH pWXGH TX¶DYDLHQW VRXKDLWpH GpMj OH
6\QRGHH[WUDRUGLQDLUHGHV(YrTXHVGHj5RPHSXLVOH6\QRGHRUGi- QDLUHGHV(YrTXHVGHj5RPHDXVVL1RXVFLWRQV3DVWRUHVJUHJLV©0DLVHQ
FHTXLFRQFHUQHO¶H[HUFLFHGHO¶DXWRULWppSLVFRSDOHOHVSqUHVV\QRGDX[RQWMXJp
TXHOHFRQFHSWGHVXEVLGLDULWpV¶DYpUDLWDPELJXHWLOVRQWLQVLVWpVXUODQpFHVVLWp
G¶XQHpWXGHWKpRORJLTXHSOXVDSSURIRQGLHGHODQDWXUHGHO¶DXWRULWppSLscopale j ODOXPLqUHGXSULQFLSHGHFRPPXQLRQª21.
Cet ensemble dH PHVXUHV DWURXYpVRQ H[SUHVVLRQGRFWULQDOHHWMXULGLTXH
V\QWKpWLTXHGDQVOH'LUHFWRLUHSRXUOHPLQLVWqUHSDVWRUDOGHVpYrTXHV de 2004, notamment quant au SynRGHGLRFpVDLQ22.
/H6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQGHSXLVOH'LUHFWRLUHGHUHVWHFRPPHLOO¶DWRXMRXUV
pWpXQHLQVWLWXWLRQQRQSHUPDQHQWHHWGRQWO¶RSSRUWXQLWpGHOHFRnvoquer a toujours pWpGpOLFDWHHWGpEDWWXH
/H6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQHVWFKDUJpGHSUpSDUHUXQHORLV\QRGDOHTXHSURPXl- JXHRXQRQO¶(YrTXHGLRFpVDLQXQLTXHDXWRULWpOpJLVODWLYHGX'LRFqVHHWGX6\QRGH
GLRFpVDLQ /H 6\QRGH GLRFpVDLQ Q¶HVW SDV XQH PRGDOLWp GLRFpVDLQH GH formation permanente, mais il est ODFpOpEUDWLRQGX6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQTXLHnseigne sur O¶(JOLVH
VXU OH 'LRFqVH VXU O¶rWUH FKUpWLHQ VXU OHV SHUFHSWLRQV HFFOpVLDOHV j O¶pFKHORQ
diRFpVDLQ GHVGLIIpUHQWV FRQWH[WHV HFFOpVLDX[HWVRFLpWDX[/DORLV\QRGDOHDp- SDUWLHQWjODFDWpJRULHGXGURLWSDrticulier canonique, branche du droit qui doit rWUH HQ FRPPXQLRQ DYHF OH GURLW FDQRQLTXH XQLYHUVHO HW TXL GRLW HQ IDYRULVHU
21 Jean-Paul II, Exhortation apostolique post-V\QRGDOH ©SDVWRUHV JUHJLVª VXU O¶(YrTXH VHr- YLWHXUGHO¶(YDQJLOHSRXUO¶HVSpUDQFHGXPRQGH3DULV%D\DUG-Fleurus-Mame-&HUI1
22 &RQJUpJDWLRQSRXUOHV(YrTXHV'LUHFWRLUHSRXUOHPLQLVWqUHSDVWRUDOGHVpYrTXHV, Libreria editrice Vaticana, Roma, 2004, Nos 67, 167±176, 242.
O¶DSSOLFDWLRQ DGDSWpH 3OXV JpQpUDOHPHQW QRXV VDYRQV TXH OH GURLW FDQRQLTXH
SDUWLFXOLHU FRPSUHQG DXVVL GHV QRUPHV FDQRQLTXHV FRPSOpPentaires, normes TXHOH&RGHGHGURLWFDQRQLTXHGHPDQGHjWRXW'LRFqVHQRWDPPHQWG¶pGLWHUHQ
FRPSOpPHQW HW HQ DSSOLFDWLRQ GX GURLW FDQRQLTXH XQLYHUVHO23 latin. Le Synode SHXWpGLFtHUSDUORLV\QRGDOHWHOOHQRUPHFRPSOpPHQWDLUHSUpYXHSDUOH&RGHRX
pGLFWHUG¶DXWUHVUqJOHVWDQWTXHFHVGHUQLqUHVQHSRUWHQWSDVDWWHLQWHjODSOHLQH
communion et tant qX¶HOOHVHQWUHQWGDQVODFRPSpWHQFHGX6\QRGHHWFHOOHGH
VRQ(YrTXHGLRFpVDLQXQLTXHOpJLVODWHXU
/H6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQQHGRLW-LOVHUpXQLUTX¶jODVHXOHHWXQLTXHFRQGLWLRQ
VHORQODTXHOOHOH6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQHWVRQ(YrTXHRQWFKRLVLGHSUpSDUHUXQHORL
s\QRGDOH GH GURLW FDQRQLTXH SDUWLFXOLHU LQpGLW RX G¶DSSOLFDWLRQ GH QRUPHV
FDQRQLTXHVFRPSOpPHQWDLUHV"6LOH6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQHVWFRQYRTXpXQLTXHPHQW
SRXU GHV GpEDWV SRXU GHV SDUWDJHV G¶LQIRUPDWLRQ HW GHV OLWXUJLHV GLRFpVDLQHV
V\QRGDOHVOH&RQVHLOGLRFpVDLQGHSDVWRUDOHHQOLHQDYHFOH&RQVHLOSUHVE\WpUDO
HWOH&KDSLWUHFDWKpGUDOHQHSHXW-LOSDVDYRLUjDVVXPHUGpMjXQHSDUWLHGHFHV
WkFKHVGLDORJXpHV"&HTXLpYLWHUDLWGHIDLUHO¶HIIRUWORXUGGHUpXQLUXQ6\QRGH
GLRFpVDLQ"0DLVOHVFRPSRVLWLRQVHWOHVUHSUpVHQWDWLRQVUHVSHFWLYHVGHFHVGHX[
LQVWLWXWLRQV FHOOH SHUPDQHQWH GX &RQVHLO GLRFpVDLQ GH SDVWRUDOH HW FHOOH QRQ
permaQHQWH GX 6\QRGH GLRFpVDLQ QH VRQW SDV LGHQWLTXHV QL pTXLYDOHQWHV /HV
FULWqUHVGHODVSpFLILFLWpLQVWLWXWLRQQHOOHGX6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQSeuvent conduire GHV (YrTXHV j VRXKDLWHU FRQYRTXHU DXVVL GHV 6\QRGHV GLRFpVDLQV PrPH SRXU
y SURFpGHUVHXOHPHQWjGHVGLVFXVVLRQVjGHVLQIRUPDWLRQVjXQHIrWHFRPPXQHHW
GHSULqUHFRPPXQHDXPRLQVSRXUFHUWDLQVSDUPLOHV6\QRGHVGLRFpVDLQVjFpOpEUHU
3UHQRQVXQH[HPSOHH[WUDLWSDUQRVVRLQVGHODUpDOLWpIUDQoDLVH24:
D XQ (YrTXH FKHUFKDLW j IDYRULVHU XQH SOXV IRUWH FRQVFLHQFH GLRFpVDLQH
j O¶DLGHG¶XQ6\QRGHjFpOpEUHU
E HW FH PrPH (YrTXH GLRFpVDLQ YRXODLW GRQQHU SOXV GH VROHQQLWp HW Ga- YDQWDJHGHVRXWLHQHFFOpVLDOHQUHFKHUFKDQWXQODUJHFRQVHQVXVDXPR\HQGHOD
FpOpEUDWLRQXQ6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQ6HORQFHWWHPpWKRGHO¶(YrTXHGLRFpVDLQFKHr- FKDLW j LQVWDXUHU GDQV WRXW VRQ 'LRFqVH TXHOTXHV GLVSRVLWLRQV QRUPDWLYHV
/¶(YrTXH VRXKDLWH SDU O¶LQWHUPpGLDLUH GH OD ORL V\QRGDOH pULJHU HQ QRUPHV
LQpGLWHVGHGURLWFDQRQLTXHSDUWLFXOLHUGLRFpVDLQFHVTXHlques mesures:
DG¶XQF{WpXQHUqJOHSUpYR\DQWGHVELODQVjRUJDQLVHUSDUO¶(YrTXHWRXV
OHVVL[DQVHQFHTXLFRQFHUQHOHVPLQLVWqUHVFRQILpVjGHVSUrWUHV
EDLQVLTXHG¶XQDXWUHF{WpXQHUpJOHPHQWDWLRQFRQFHUQDQWO¶RIILFLDOLsation G¶XQ FHUWDLQ SULQFLSH TXDQWLWDWLI SRXU UHJURXSHU OHV SDURLVVHV F¶HVW j GLUH HQ
23 A. '¶$XULD©'HUHFKRXQLYHUVDOHªLQ2WDGX\-DYLHU9LDQD$QWRQLR6HGDQR-RDTXLQ'LU
Diccionario general de derecho canonico, Vol. II, 2012, p. 198±201.
24 L. Trichet, Les synodes en France aux XIX±;;VLqFOHVGHVDWRXWVHWGHVDPELJXwWpVPrp
face par Jean Gaudemet, Paris, Cerf, 2006, 118 p.; Jean-3DXO'XUDQG©/HVV\QRGHVHQ)UDQFH
Droit et LQVWLWXWLRQªLQ-DFTXHV3DODUG'LU/HJRXYHUQHPHQWGHO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXH6\QRGHVHW
exercice du pouvoir &ROOHFWLRQ 6FLHQFHV KXPDLQHV HW UHOLJLRQV 3DULV FRpG ,QVWLWXW G¶pWXGHV
politiques de Bordeaux & Cerf, 1997, p. 115±130.
IRQFWLRQGXQRPEUHGHILGqOHVHWHQIRQFWLRQGXQRPEUHGHSUrWUHV25, avec des projections pour les quinze proFKDLQHVDQQpHV
FHQILQXQHUqJOHVHORQODTXHOOHO¶DSSOLFDWLRQGXFDQRQHQFDVGH
SpQXULHGHSUrWUH26QHGRLWSDVrWUHFRQoXHQLRUJDQLVpHQLSUpVHQWpHQLYpFXH
GDQV OH 'LRFqVH FRPPH V¶LO V¶DJLVVDLW GH OLWXUJLHV GRPLQLFDOHV ©VDQV SUrWUHª
mais dans un esprit selon lHTXHOFHVRQWHIIHFWLYHPHQWHWSURIRQGpPHQWGHVDs- VHPEOpHVGRPLQLFDOHVGDQVO¶DWWHQWHWKpRORJDOHGXSURFKDLQSUrWUH
'HV 6\QRGHV GLRFpVDLQV HQ SRUWDQW FHWWH DSSHOODWLRQ FDQRQLTXH RX HQ
SRUWDQWXQDXWUHQRPFRPPHSDUH[HPSOHFHOXLGHOD©0DUFKHGHO¶(YDQJLOHª
QH SUpSDUHQW SDV GH GURLW SDUWLFXOLHU V\QRGDO GLRFpVDLQ LQpGLW QL GH QRUPHV
canoniques comSOpPHQWDLUHV &HV GHUQLqUHV QRUPHV VRQW SRXUWDQW GHPDQGpHV
SDUOH&RGHGHGURLWFDQRQLTXHRXGHPDQGpHVSDUWHOOHDXWUHQRUPHRXGpFLVLRQ
canonique universellHQRQFRGLILpHF¶HVWjGLUHVHXOHPHQWFRPSLOpH27
Des Synodes GLRFpVDLQV JDUGHQW FHWWH DSSHOODWLRQ GH ©6\QRGH GLRFpVDLQª
DYHF OH GHVVHLQ GH FKHUFKHU j GRQQHU GDYDQWDJH G¶DXWRULWp j GHV RULHQWDWLRQV
YRLUH j GHV SURJUDPPHV SUpYXV VXU SOXVLHXUV DQQpHV PR\HQQDQW SDUIRLV GHV
PRGDOLWpVGHVXLYLG¶pYDOXDWLRQ
Est-ce qu¶XQHRULHQWDWLRQV\QRGDOHHVWXQHORLV\QRGDOH"/DORLV\QRGDOH
SHXWrWUHH[KRUWDWLYH(OOHSHXWrWUHXQHORLFDGUHSURJUDPPDWLTXHHWVXVFHSWLEOH
G¶DMXVWHPHQWVXOWpULHXUV28YRLUHjLQWHUYDOOHVSOXVRXPRLQVUpJXOLqUHPHQWHVSa- FpVGDQVOHWHPSV
$XUHJDUGGHODFRPPXQLRQGLRFpVDLQHHWFDWKROLTXHDLQVLTX¶DXUHJDUGGH
ODV\QRGDOLWpGLRFpVDLQHFHVDVVRXSOLVVements de la loi synodale peuvent occa- sionner une collaboration plus inter-active. Mais inversement, il peut arriver que OD ORL V\QRGDOH GHYLHQQHQW VL LPSUpFLVH TXH GHV ILGqOHVVHGpFRXUDJHQWFDUOD
FDQRQLFLWp V\QRGDOH GLRFpVDLQH HVW GHYenue moins visiblePRLQV GpFKLIIUDEOH
Il LPSRUWHTXHO¶(JOLVHjWRXVVHVpFKHORQVVRLWOLVLEOHSDUOHSOXVJUDQGQRPEUH
FRPSUHQGUHO¶(JOLVHFKUpWLHQQHHWDIRUWLRULFRPSUHQGUHO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXH/D
FDWKROLFLWp HW VD FDQRQLFLWp Q¶RQW SDV YRFDWLRQ GH se confiner dans O¶pOLWLVPH
ni GDQV XQ P\VWqUH LQDFFHVVLEOH/HVVDFUHPHQWV GX%DSWrPHGHO¶(XFKDULVWLH
et OD &RQILUPDWLRQ VRQW GHV DFWLRQV GH'LHXHWGHO¶(JOLVHD\DQWSRXUILQDOLWp
VHORQODFRQYLFWLRQGHO¶(JOLVHFDWKROLTXHGHUHQGUHHIILFLHQWO¶DFFqVDXP\VWqUH
25 G. Feliciani, /HSLHWUHLOSRQWHHO¶DUFR6FULWWLVFHOWLCollection Diritto Ricerche, Milano, Vita e Pensiaro, 2012, 433 p.
26 J.P. Vuillemin, /HUHFRXUVDXFDQRQ 2 en France. Analyse du droit particulier di- RFpVDLQWKqVH)DFXOWpGH'URLWFDQRQLTXHGHO¶,QVWLWXWFDWKROLTXHGH3DULVHW)DFXOWpGH'URLW-HDQ
0RQQHW 8QLYHUVLWp 3DULV 6XG YRO SDJHV HW $QQH[HV'DFW\O 9RLU VRQ DUWLFOH
©/¶RIILFHFXULDO GDQVXQFRQWH[WHGHSpQXULHGHSUrWUHVªLQ/¶DQQpHFDQRQLTXH, T. 49, 2007, p. 83±96.
27&IOHVUpIOH[LRQVVXUODFRPSLODWLRQHWODFRGLILFDWLRQ&ROORTXHGX&HQWHQDLUHGHOD)DFXOWp
GH'URLWFDQRQLTXHGHO¶,QVWLWXWFDWKROLTXHGH3DULVLQ/¶DQQpHFDQRQLTXHtome 38, 1995±1996.
28 Ch. Zoa (Mgr), 6\QRGH GLRFpVDLQ 'LRFqVH GH 6DQJPpOLPD µ/D QRXYHOOH pYDQJpOLVDWLRQ¶
Propositions, 'LRFqVHGH6DQJPpOLPD&DPHURXQS
chrpWLHQHWQRQSDVG¶HQpFDUWHUDUELWUDLUHPHQWFHUWDLQHVFRQVFLHQFHV&HVRQW
GHVVDFUHPHQWVG¶LQLWLDWLRQFKUpWLHQQHODORLV\QRGDOHGRLWFRQWULEXHUjO¶DFFqV
DXP\VWqUHFKUpWLHQ
REMARQUES CONCLUSIVES
/DFRPPXQLRQGLRFpVDLQHHWFDWKROLTXHDLQVLTXHODV\QRGDOLWpGLRFpVDLQH
RQWGHVPRWLIVWKpRORJLTXHVHWFDQRQLTXHVHQIDYHXUGHFpOpEUDWLRQVpSLVRGLTXHV
GH 6\QRGHV GLRFpVDLQV j pSLVRGHV RX LQWHUYDOOHV UDLVRQQDEOHV /H 6\QRGH Gi- RFpVDLQFRPSUHQGXQHSOXVODUJHUHSUpVHQWDWLRQGHVILGqOHVTXHQDJXqre et qui Q¶HVWSOXVH[FOXVLYHPHQWFOpULFDOHPDLVF¶HVWXQHLQVWLWXWLRQTXLGRLWrWUHPDvWUi- VpH 'HV ORXUGHXUV ULVTXHQW GH GLVVXDGHU OHV PHLOOHXUHV ERQQHV YRORQWpV /HV
FRQVLGpUaWLRQV pFRQRPLTXHV HW GH FRQWUDLQWHV G¶HPSORL GX WHPSV QH VRQW SDV
QpJOLJHDEOHV$XFRXUVGHO¶KLVWRLUHGHO¶(JOLVHLOHVWFRQQXGHVKLVWoriens que des REVWDFOHVjODFRQYRFDWLRQGH6\QRGHVGLRFpVDLQVFRQVLVWHQWSDUIRLVj O¶H[LVWHQFHGH
risques de conflits intra-HFFOpVLDX[ WURS JUDYHV HW j GHV FRQGLWLRQV SROLWLTXHV
WURSGpIavorables.
/H 6\QRGH GLRFpVDLQ Q¶pWDQW SDV XQH LQVWLWXWLRQ SHUPDQHQWH FRPPHQW
O¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHSHXW-HOOHDVVXPHUOHGHYRLUOXLSHUPDQHQWG¶KRQRUHUXQHFRm- PXQLRQGLRFpVDLQHHWFDWKROLTXHDLQVLTXHG¶KRQRUHUXQHV\QRGDOLWpGiRFpVDLQH29?
'DQVO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHFRPPHQW ODFRPPXQLRQHWODV\QRGDOLWpSHXYHQW
rWUHHQPHVXUHG¶DVVXPHUODSDUWLFLSDWLRQHIIHFWLYHHWDFWLYHGXSOXVJUDQGQRm- EUHGHILGqOHVGLRFpVaLQVHWGHPDQLqUHSHUPDQHQWH"
(Q UpDOLWp GHV PHQWDOLWpV GHV FXOWXUHV HW GHV VHQVLELOLWpV SDVWRUDOHV HW
WKpRORJLTXes diffpUHQWHV SHXYHQW KpVLWHU GH IDYRULVHU XQH WUDQVLWLRQ HQWUH XQH
FRQFHSWLRQ TXDVLPHQW PRQDUFKLTXH YRLUH PpGLpYDOH GH OD WkFKH GH O¶(YrTXH
GLRFpVDLQYHUVXQHFRQFHSWLRQGHWpPRLQSULYLOpJLpGHO¶DIIHFWXV societatis et de ODV\QRGDOLWp(VWDWWHQGXGHO¶(YrTXHGLRFpVDLQXQWpPRLJQDJHFKUpWLHQpPLQHQW
HWKXPEOHDVVXPpDYHFOHSUHVE\WpULXPGiRFpVDLQDYHFOHVGLDFUHVHWDXSUqVGH
WRXVOHVILGqOHVFHW©rWUHDYHFªV¶DSSXLHVXUODV\QGRGDOLWpOD©FRQFLOLDULWpªHW
OD FRPPXQLRQ HFFOpVLDOHV GpMj j O¶pFKHORQ GH O¶(JOLVH SDUWLFXOLqUH /¶(YrTXH
GLRFpVDLQ HVW OH SUHPLHU WpPRLQ GH OD FROODERUDWLRQ DSRVWROLTXH OD SOXV ODUJH
GDQVVRQ(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHHWHQSOHLQHFRPPXQLRQFDWKROLTXH
/HVIUHLQVHWOHVKpVLWDWLRQVQHYLHQQHQWSDVIRUFpPHQWGHVFOHUFVGHVUpVLs- WDQFHVjO¶HQFRQWUHGHFHWWHFROODERUDWLRQG¶DIIHFWXVVRFLpWDWLVHWGHV\QRGDOLWp
291RXVQHGpYHORSSRQV SDVLFLOHVFLUFRQVWDQFHVRVXUYLHQQHQWGHVFDVGH©FRQFLOLDULWpªGHV
FLUFRQVWDQFHVDXFRXUVGHVTXHOOHVO¶(YrTXHGLRFpVDLQSHXWSUHQGUHSDUWjXQ&RQFLOHSDUWLFXOLHURX
PrPH j XQ &RQFLOH JpQpUDO &RPPHQW O¶(YrTXH HW OH 'LRFqVH SHXYHQW-ils, avec le concours de O¶(JOLVHORFDOHHWGHO¶(JOLVHXQLYHUVHOOH°XYUHUSRXUTX¶XQPD[iPXPGHILGqOHVGLRFpVDLQVSULHQW
FRQWHPSOHQWHWGpEDWWHQWjSURSRVGHWHO&RQFLOHROHXU(YrTXHVLqJHHWUHSUpVHQWHVRQ(JOLVH
SDUWLFXOLqUH"
persisWHQWFKH]GHVODwFVTXHVHWGHVFRQVDFUpVHVVRLWHQUDLVRQGXPDQTXHGH
WHPSV GHIRUPDWLRQPDLV DXVVLDXQRPG¶XQHFRQFHSWLRQSOXVS\UDPLGDOHGX
rapport entre clercs et non clercs.
/DV\QRGDOLWpGDQVO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUHQ¶HVWSDVG¶DERUGXQHFRUHVSRQVDELOLWp
HQWUH(YrTXHVPDLVHQWUHO¶(YrTXHGLRFpVDLQHWVHVILGqOHVGLRFpVDLQV&HUWHVXQH
Eglise parWLFXOLqUHSHXWFRQQDvWUHHQRXWUHODULFKHVVH G¶pventuelles collaborations DYHFGHVpYrTXHVDX[LOLDLUHVDYHFXQpYrTXHFRDGMXWHXUDYHFWHOVpYrTXHVpPp
ULWHVDYHFOHV(YrTXHVG¶(SDUFKLHVGHGLDVSRUDHWDYHFOHV(YrTXHVGLRFpVDLQV
YRLVLQV7RXVFHV(YrTXHVRQWjSRXYRLUFROODERUHUVHORQOHXUVVWDWXWVUHspectifs DYHFO¶(YrTXHGLRFpVDLQHQFKDUJH,OV¶DJLWGHWHQLUFRPSWHGHVFLUFRQVWDQFHVHW
FRQWLQJHQFHVFRPPHFHOOHVGHO¶kJHHWGHODVDQWpGHV(YrTXHVpPpULWHVDLQVL
TXHGHVUHVSRQVDELOLWpVUHVSHFWLYHV(WTXHOHV(YrTXHVG¶XQHPrPHYLOOHVRLHQW
signes GHO¶$PRXUGHOD6DLQWH7ULQLWp
/D V\QRGDOLWp GDQV O¶(JOLVH SDUWLFXOLqUH D O¶(YrTXH SRXU FHQWUH GH FHWWH
portio populo Dei. ,OV¶DJLWSOXVVSpFLILTXHPHQWTXHO¶(YrTXHHWVRQSUHVE\WHr- LXP FRQWULEXHQW j FH TXH OHV GLIIpUHQWV EDSWLVpVHV ± OHV WLWXODLUHV G¶pWDWV
FDQRQLTXHVGHYLHGLIIpUHQWV± SXLVVHQWFROODERUHUHQWUHHX[HWDYHFOHXUFOHUJp
HWDYHFOHVPHPEUHVGHO¶pWDWGHYLHFRQVDFUpHSUpVHQWVGDQVOH'LRFqVH,OV¶DJLW
DXVVLVLSRVVLEOHGHFROODERUHUDYHFGHVGLRFpVDLQVHWGLRFpVDLQHV en situations QRQFRQIRUPHVDYHFODIRLHWOHVP°XUVGHOHXU(JOLVH,OV¶DJLWGHQHSDVQp
JOLJHU O¶HQVHPEOH GH OD SRSXODWLRQ GH FH WHUULWRLUH GH QH SDV DEDQGRQQHU QL
LJQRUHUWRXVFHX[HWWRXWHVFHOOHVTXLQ¶\RQWSDVOHXUGRPLFLOHRXTXLQ¶RQWSDV
du tout de domicile.
/D V\QRGDOLWp OD ©FRQFLOLDULWpª QRXV OH VDYRQV QH SHXYHQW SDV FRPSWHU
VHXOHPHQWVXUODVHXOHP\VWLTXHQLVXUODVHXOHPRUDOH/DV\QRGDOLWpOD©FRn- FLOLDULWpªDLQVLTXHODFRPPXQLRQHFFOpVLDOHRQWEHVRLQGHODPpGLDWLRQLQVWLWu- tionnelle30jFRPPHQFHUSDUFHOOHjO¶pFKHORQGHO¶(JOLVHSDUWLFXOLqUH8QHPp
diation institutionnelle qui sache objectiver et qui sache accompagner avec pa- WLHQFH SUpFLVLRQ VRXSOHVVH HW GLOLJHQFH HQ VXLYDQW GHV FKHPLQV RSSRUWXQV
VHORQODFDQRQLFLWpGHODIRQFWLRQSURFpGXUDOH'DQVFHFDGUHVSDWLR-temporel, les situations ad casum et intuitu personae sont j UHQFRQWUHU \ FRPSULV SRXU
y proposer des dispenses canoniques31 ORUVTXH FHOD HVW SRVVLEOH DILQ G¶pYLWHU
O¶HPSLUHRXO¶HPSULVHGHO¶DUELWUDLUH
30 E. &RUHFFR©/DUpFHSWLRQGH9DWLFDQ,,GDQVOH&RGHGHGURLWFDQRQLTXHªLQ*LRYDQQL$l- berigo & Jean-Pierre Jossua (Ed.), /DUpFHSWLRQGH9DWLFDQ,,&ROOHFWLRQ©&RJLWDWLRILHGLª1131, Paris, Cerf, 1985, p. 327±391; Christophe Theobald, /DUpFHSWLRn de Vatican II. I. AcFpGHUjOD
source&ROOHFWLRQ8QDPVDQFWDP1RXYHOOHVpULH3DULV&HUIS
31 J.R. .LpGL.LRQJD©&DQRQLFLWpHWPRUDOLWpGHODGLVSHQVHªLQ: /¶DQQpHFDQRQLTXHtome 54, 2012, p. 207±224.
/D FRPPXQLRQ OD V\QRGDOLWp HW OD FRQFLOLDULWp \ FRPSULV HW j SDUWLU GH
O¶(JOLVHSDrWLFXOLqUHRQWGURLWjXQHFXOWXUHLQWHOOLJLEOHHWFLUFRQVWDQFLpHGHOD
PLVpULFRUGHGH'LHXUpYpOpHQ-pVXV-&KULVW\FRPSULV jO¶DLGHGHO¶pSLNLHGH
O¶pTXLWpGHODGLVSHQVHGHO¶LQGXOJHQFHO¶H[RUFLVPH328Q6\QRGHGLRFpVDLQSDU
exemple, maLV DXVVL XQ &RQVHLO GLRFpVDLQ GH SDVWRUDOH DLQVL TX¶ XQ &RQVHLO
SUHVE\WpUDOQHSHXYHQW-ils pas devenir davantage ± PDLVVDQVrWUHUpGXLWVjGHV
sessions de formation permanente ± GHVOLHX[HFFOpVLDX[DGDSWpVRVRQWGpEDt- WXHV HW SUpFLVpHV FHV FRQWULEXWLRQV pPLQHQWHV HW SDVWorales de la part du droit FDQRQLTXHGHJXpULVRQ33.
6<12'$/12ĝû W .2ĝ&,2à$&+ PARTYKULARNYCH PODSTAWY TEOLOGICZNE I APLIKACJE PRAWNE
Streszczenie:DUW\NXOH]RVWDáSU]HGVWDZLRQ\SUREOHPV\QRGDOQRĞFL.RĞFLRáyZSDUWykularnych.
6\QRGDOQRĞü LVRERURZRĞü.RĞFLRáDMHVWXERJDFDQDSU]H]WUDG\FMHNDWROLFNLH]DUyZQRáDFLĔVNLH
MDN L ZVFKRGQLH .DĪG\ .RĞFLyá SDUW\NXODUQ\ PD FKDUDNWHU V\QRGDOQ\ Z\UDĪDMąF\ VLĊ par excellence SU]H]V\QRGGLHFH]MDOQ\MDNUyZQLHĪVRERURZ\NWyU\Z\UDĪDVLĊSRSU]H]XF]HVWQLFWZRZVRERU]H
SRZV]HFKQ\PRUD]V\QRGDFKSDUW\NXODUQ\FKSURZLQFMRQDOQ\FKLSOHQDUQ\FK:DUW\NXOH]RVWDáD
RSLVDQDKLHUDUFKLF]QDNRPXQLDGLHFH]MDOQDLV\QRGDOQRĞüGLHFH]MDOQDRUD]LQVW\WXFMDV\QRGXGLe- FH]MDOQ\LV\QRGDOQRĞü.RĞFLRáDSDUW\NXODUQHJR]DNWyUąRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞüVSRF]\ZDQDELVNXSLH
diecezjalnym i wiernymi z jego diecezji.
6áRZDNOXF]RZH: synod diecH]MDOQ\VRERURZRĞüV\QRGDOQRĞüNRPXQLDGLHFH]MDOQD
SYNODALITY IN PARTICULAR CHURCHES THEOLOGICAL BASICS AND LEGAL APPLICATIONS
Summary. In the article was presented a problem of synodality in particular Churches. The syn- odality and councility of the Church is enriching by Catholic tradition, in both the Latin and the Eastern. Each particular Church has a synodal character, which expresses par excellence through the diocesan synod, and also a councility character, which expresses by participation in the Ecu- menical Council and particular councils (provincial and plenary). The article describes a hierar- chical diocesan communion, diocesan synodality, institution of diocesan synod and synodality of particular Church, for which the responsibility rests on the diocesan bishop and the faithful of his diocese.
Key words: diocesan synod, councility, synodality, hierarchical diocesan communion
32 Marc-Antoine Fontelle, /¶H[RUFLVPHXQULWHFKUpWLHQjSDUDvWUHHQSULQFLSHj3DULVFIVD
WKqVHHQ)DFXOWpGH'URLWFDQRQLTXHGHO¶,QVWLWXWFDWKROLTXHGH3DULVHW)DFXOWpGH'URLW-HDQ
0RQQHWGHO¶8QLYHUVLWp3DULV6XG
33 Jean-3DXO 'XUDQG ©&DQRQLFLWp GH JXpULVRQ PDO SDUGRQ pSLNLH MXVWLFH HFFOpVLDOHª LQ
Philippe Greiner, Jean-3DXO 'XUDQG 2OLYLHU (FKDSSp /DXUHQW 9LOOHPLQ 'LU 1DWXUH JUkce et GURLWFDQRQLTXH&ROORTXHGHOD)DFXOWpGH'URLWFDQRQLTXHGHO¶,QVWLWXWFDWKROLTXHGH3DULV&Hn- tre Yves de Chartres, 15±16 novembre 2012), /¶DQQpHFDQRQLTXH, t. 54, 2012, p. 237±282.