7XERS[MWOS>IWTSÜY)OWTIVX´[4SPWOMIKS8S[EV^]WX[E
+MRIOSPSKMG^RIKS[WTVE[MITVSJMPEOX]OMRMIHSFSVYõIPE^ESVE^
RMIHSOV[MWXSêGM^RMIHSFSVYõIPE^ERMWOÂHE[OÂõIPE^ELIQS
[IKSYOSFMIXWXER[MIH^]REVSO
>IT´ÜIOWTIVX´[[WOÜEH^MI
TVSJHVLEF6SQYEPH(ÊFWOM TVSJHVLEF-[SRE,YW TVSJHVLEF.ER/SXEVWOM
TVSJHVLEF4V^IQ]WÜE[3W^YOS[WOM TVSJHVLEF8SQEW^4EW^OS[WOM TVSJHVLEF1EVIO7TEG^]ÞWOM dr n. med. Jacek Tomaszewski
TV^IEREPM^S[EÜ[HRMYPMWXSTEHEVSOYTYFPMOEGNIRE
YOS[IHSX]G^ÂGITVSJMPEOX]OMRMIHSFSVYõIPE^ERMIHSOV[MWXSêGM
^RMIHSFSVYõIPE^ETVITEVEXEQM^E[MIVENÂG]QMõIPE^SLIQS[I
2MIHSF´VõIPE^E 2ô OX´VIKSWOYXOMIQNIWXRMIHSOV[MWXSêÄ
^RMIHSFSVYõIPE^E 2^2ô NIWXRENG^IêGMINWTSX]OER]QHIJMG]XIQ
TSOEVQS[]QYOSFMIXQMIWMÂG^OYNÂG]GLGMÊõEVR]GLM[SOVIWMI
PEOXEGNM/SRWIO[IRGNÂRMIHSWXEXIG^RINTSHEõ]õIPE^ENIWXSFRM
õIRMI[]G^IVTERMINIKSVI^IV[]YWXVSNS[INTVS[EH^ÂGIHS2^2ô
REOX´VÂGMIVTMSH HS TEGNIRXIOWTIÜRMENÂG]GLOV]
XIVMEQMIWMÂG^IOOV[SXSG^R]GL YXVEXEOV[MQMIWMÂG^OS[IN"
QPG^EWXV[ERMEQMIWMÂG^OM"HRM PYFWXSWYNÂG]GL[I[RÂXV^QE
GMG^R]RMILSVQSREPR]MRWIVXERX]OSRGITG]NR]?A
'SHVYKEGMÊõEVREQE2ôREXPI^[MÊOW^SRINLIQEXSTSI^]
SVE^^ETSXV^IFS[ERMEREXIRTMIV[MEWXIO^IWXVSR]VS^[MNENÂGI
KSWMÊTÜSHYMÜSõ]WOE;TV^IFMIKYGMÂõ]^QRMINW^EWMÊYWXVSNS[E
VI^IV[EõIPE^E *I SVE^^[MÊOW^EV]^]OS[]WXÂTMIRMERMIHSOV[M
WXSêGM^[ÜEW^G^E[--M---XV]QIWXV^ININXV[ERME9OSFMIX[OX´
V]GLHMIGMI^E[EVXSêÄõIPE^ENIWXRMWOEV]^]OS[]WXETMIRME2^2ô
[TV^IFMIKYGMÂõ]^[MIOW^EWMÊOVSXRMI?A
6]^]OS[]WXÂTMIRME2^2ôNIWXRENRMõW^I[-XV]QIWXV^IGMÂõ]
M[^VEWXEHS [--XV]QIWXV^ISVE^ TSHOSRMIG
GMÂõ]?A
;MIPSV´HOMWÂKVYTÂOSFMIXW^G^IK´PRMIREVEõSRÂREHIJMG]X
õIPE^E9VSH^IRMIH[´NOMPYFXV´NOMH^MIGM^[MÊOW^EV]^]OS2^2ô
XV^]OVSXRMIE[MÊOW^EPMG^FETSVSH´[RE[IXG^XIVSOVSXRMI?A
Stanowisko Zespołu Ekspertów Polskiego Towarzystwa Ginekologicznego w sprawie profilaktyki niedoboru żelaza oraz
niedokrwistości z niedoboru żelaza niską dawką żelaza hemowego u kobiet
– stan wiedzy na 2013 rok
Statement of the Polish Gynecological Society Expert Group on the
prevention of iron deficiency and of anemia caused by iron deficiency
with a low dose heme iron in women. State of the art, 2013
7 8 % 2 3 ; - 7 / 3 > ) 7 4 3 Û 9 ) / 7 4 ) 6 8 ; +MRIOSP4SP
Stanowisko Zespołu Ekspertów PTG w sprawie profilaktyki niedoboru żelaza oraz niedokrwistości z niedoboru żelaza niską dawką żelaza hemowego u kobiet.
;TV^IFMIKYGMÂõ]^[MÊOW^EWMÊPMG^FEIV]XVSG]X´[MSFNÊXSêÄ
SWSG^E7XÊõIRMILIQSKPSFMR]SVE^[EVXSêÄLIQEXSOV]XY^QRMIN
W^EWMÊSHXV]QIWXVYGMEõ]SWMÂKENÂGRENRMõW^I[EVXSêGMRETV^I
ÜSQMI--M---XV]QIWXVYOX´VIYXV^]QYNÂWMÊHSOSÞGEGMÂõ]4SH
OSRMIG GMÂõ] HMEKRSWX]OE V´õRMGS[E TSQMÊH^] JM^NSPSKMG^R]QM
^QMEREQM[^EOVIWMIQSVJSPSKMMOV[ME2^2ôNIWXXVYHRE;G^I
WRE GMÂõE NIWX RENFEVH^MIN [MEV]KSHR]Q SOVIWIQ GS HS SGIR]
TVIH]OGNMV]^]OEERIQMM[-----XV]QIWXV^IGMÂõ]2MIHSOV[MWXSêÄ
^RMIHSFSVYõIPE^E[-PYF--XV]QIWXV^IGMÂõ]QSõITVS[EH^MÄHS
TSVSHYTV^IH[G^IWRIKSPYF^[MIOW^EÄV]^]OSYVSH^IRMEH^MIGOE
^RMWOÂQEWÂYVSH^IRMS[Â6]^]OSXS^EPIõ]SH[MIOYGMÂõS[IKS
[OX´V]QVS^TS^RERS2^2ô>EKVSõIRMI^[MÊOW^EWMÊH[YOVSXRMI
YGMÊõEVR]GL^IWXÊõIRMIQLIQSKPSFMR] ,KF K [
X]KSHRMYGMÂõ]MXV^]OVSXRMIYOSFMIXYOX´V]GL[EVXSêÄXENIWX
RMõW^ERMõ K ? A
>[MÊOW^IRMIV]^]OETS[MOÜEÞTIVMREXSPSKMG^R]GLREXPI2>
2^2ôXÜYQEG^SRINIWXRMIHSXPIRMIRMIQQEXOMTÜSHYMRJIOGNÂPYF
WXVIWIQ SOW]HEG]NR]Q OSQ´VIO 4V^I[PIOÜE LMTSOWNE MRHYOY
NI SHTS[MIHó WXVIWS[Â ^I WXVSR] NIHRSWXOM QEXG^]RSTÜSHS[IN
;OSRWIO[IRGNMHSGLSH^MHSY[SPRMIRMEÜSõ]WOS[IKSLSVQSRY
Y[EPRMENÂGIKSOSVX]^SP '6, M^[MÊOW^IRMEFMSW]RXI^]OSVX]^SPY
TV^I^ REHRIVG^E TÜSHY GS NIWX FI^TSêVIHRMÂ TV^]G^]RÂ EOX][
RSêGM WOYVG^S[IN QEGMG] 7XVIW SOW]HEG]NR] RMI^V´[RS[EõSR]
SGLVSRR]Q H^MEÜERMIQ IRHSIK^SKIRR]GL WYFWXERGNM ERX]SOW]
HEG]NR]GLYW^OEH^EXOEROÊÜSõ]WOEMWX]QYPYNITSV´HTV^IH[G^I
WR]2ô2^2ôSWÜEFMEJYROGNÊYOÜEHYSHTSVRSêGMS[IKS[GMÂõ]
^[MÊOW^ENÂG V]^]OS TS[MOÜEÞ MRJIOG]NR]GL [ ----- XV]QIWXV^I
GMÂõ]EREHTVSHYOGNEG]XSOMRTVSWXEKPERH]RSVE^'6,EOX][YNI
TV^IH[G^IWRÂG^]RRSêÄTSVSHS[Â?A
>KSHRMI^VIOSQIRHEGNEQM&V]X]NWOMIKS/SQMXIXYHW7XER
HEVH´[ [ ,IQEXSPSKMM &VMXMWL 'SQQMXII JSV 7XERHEVHW MR ,E
IQEXSPSK] TEGNIRXOM ^ [EVXSêGMEQM ,KF K - XV]QIWXV
K -----XV]QIWXV K TSÜ´KPEOXEGNE PYFTS^MSQIQ
JIVV]X]R] +KP[]QEKENÂWYTPIQIRXEGNMõIPE^IQ?A
4VSJMPEOX]OE RMIHSFSVY õIPE^E [ GMÂõ] FYH^M PMG^RI OSRXVS
[IVWNI4V^IHQMSXIQKSVÂGINH]WOYWNMNIWX^EPIGIRMISFPMKEXSV]N
RINWYTPIQIRXEGNM*IYGMÊõEVR]GL[OVENEGLKH^MIRMIHSF´VXIKS
TMIV[MEWXOE SFWIV[YNI WMI V^EHOS 6IOSQIRHEGNI XS[EV^]WX[
REYOS[]GL[MÊOW^SêGMOVEN´[IYVSTINWOMGL[WOE^YNÂRETSXV^I
FÊWYTPIQIRXEGNMõIPE^IQYOSFMIX[SOVIWMIVS^VSHG^]QYOX´
V]GLVI^IV[EYWXVSNS[EõIPE^ETV^IHGMÂõÂRMITV^IOVEG^EÜE
QK*I>I[^KPÊHYREJEOXõI[õEHR]QOVENYRMITVS[EH^MWMÊ
VYX]RS[IKS WOVMRMRKY SGIRMENÂGIKS [MIPOSêÄ YWXVSNS[IKS QE
KE^]RYõIPE^E TSQMEVWXÊõIRMEJIVV]X]R] TV^IHPYF[I[G^IWRIN
GMÂõ] MWXRMINI TSXV^IFE ^ETI[RMIRME SHTS[MIHRMIN TSHEõ] XIKS
TMIV[MEWXOE [ HMIGMI GMÊõEVR]GL 9 GMIõEVR]GL RMI WXSWYNÂG]GL
TVSJMPEOX]G^RMIõIPE^EG^ÊêGMINSFWIV[YNIWMIWOYXOMNIKSRMIHS
FSVY ^[MÊOW^IRMIV]^]OEYVSH^IRMEH^MIGOE^QEWEYVSH^IRMS[Â
TSRMõINK S 2^2õPYF2ô[HRMYTSVSHYSHTS[MIHRMS
S M ?A
;TSTYPEGNMOSFMIXHYÞWOMGLEõ FEHER]GLQMEÜSRMWOÂ
PYF^FPMõSRÂHS^IVEVI^IV[ÊõIPE^EYWXVSNS[IKS8]POSY
FEHER]GL^ETEW]õIPE^ETV^IOVEG^EÜ]TS^MSQQK JIVV]X]
RE" QKP EHIO[EXR]HS^[MÊOW^SRIKS^ETSXV^IFS[ERME
[SOVIWMIGMÂõ]?A
'SHVYKEGMÊõEVRESOSÜS X]KSHRMEGMÂõ]QETS^MSQJIVV]
X]R] QKPEX]POSY OSFMIX[GMÂõ]WXÊõIRMIJIVV]X]R]
TV^IOVEG^EQKP?A
2MIQEXIõ[WT´PRIKSWXERS[MWOEGSHS[]WSOSêGMTVSJMPEO
X]G^RINHE[OMõIPE^EHPEOSFMIX[SOVIWMIVS^VSHG^]QSVE^GMÊõEV
R]GLMQEXIOOEVQMÂG]GLTMIVWMÂ>EPIGEWMÊWXSWS[ERMIRENRMõW^IN
IJIOX][RINHE[OM*IOX´VIN[MIPOSêÄWTIÜRMEÜEF][]Q´KTVSJM
PEOX]OM2ô2^2ô2EHQMIVREWYTPIQIRXEGNEõIPE^E[HMIGMIQSõI
^QRMINW^EÄ[GLÜERMERMIMRR]GLRMI^FÊHR]GLHPE^HVS[MEQMOVS
IPIQIRX´[ XEOMGL NEO G]RO QMIHó GLVSQ QSPMFHIR QERKER
QEKRI^MPYF^[MÊOW^EÄV]^]OSXSOW]G^RIKSYW^OSH^IRMEFÜSR]
êPY^S[INNIPMXEGMIROMIKSTV^I^[SPRIVSHRMOM.SR]G]ROYMõIPE^E
RMILIQS[IKSWÂTV^IRSW^SRIHS[RÊXV^EIRXIVSG]XE[X]QWE
Q]QQIGLERM^QMIEFWSVFGNMOX´V]WXENIWMÊRMI[]HSPR]HPEG]ROY
TS[]W]GIRMYXVIêGMTSOEVQS[INQK*IôIPE^SLIQS[I[HMI
GMI RMI [TÜ][E RE EFWSVFGNÊ G]ROY ^ TV^I[SHY TSOEVQS[IKS
[^KPÊHYRESHQMIRR]QIGLERM^Q[GLÜERMERME2MIHSF´VõIPE^E
QSõISHTS[MEHEÄ^EREHQMIVRÂEFWSVFGNÊXSOW]G^R]GLQIXEPMXE
OMGLNEOSÜ´[SVE^OEHQ?A
4SPWOMI 8S[EV^]WX[S +MRIOSPSKMG^RI VIOSQIRHYNI WY
TPIQIRXEGNÊ õIPE^IQ Y OSFMIX ^ 2^2ô WX[MIVH^SRÂ [ SOVIWMI
TV^IHOSRGITG]NR]Q E REWXÊTRMI SH X]KSHRME HS OSÞGE GMEõ]
YGMÊõEVR]GL^V]^]OMIQ[]WXÂTMIRME2ô2^2ô [IKIXEVMEROMTE
GNIRXOM^^EFYV^IRMEQM[GLÜERMERME YGMÊõEVR]GL^IWXÊõIRMIQ
,KF QKHPSVE^[SOVIWMIOEVQMIRMETMIVWMÂ TVSJMPEOX]OE2ô
2^2ôYRS[SVSHO´[RMIQS[PÂX >EPIGEREH^MIRRETSHEõõIPE
^E[HMIGMITS[MRRE[]RSWMÄ QKTS^EGMÂõÂQKTSH
G^EWGMÂõ]SVE^QK[SOVIWMIPEOXEGNM;TV^]TEHOYGMÊõEVR]GL
^RMIHSOV[MWXSêGMÂHE[OÊ*IREPIõ]^[MÊOW^]ÄHSQKHSFÊ
? A
2SV[IWOM/SQMXIXHWô][MIRME^EPIGEF][GSH^MIRRINHMIGMI
QMIWMÂG^OYNÂG]GLOSFMIX^RENHS[EÜSWMI QKõIPE^E8]POS
2SV[IõIOWTIÜRMEXIR[]Q´K6IOSQIRHS[ERÂ[%YWXVEPMM
HSFS[ÂHE[OÂõIPE^EHPEGMÊõEVRINNIWXHE[OEQK*I?
A
9 GMÊõEVR]GL RMI WXSWYNÂG]GL TVSJMPEOX]G^RMI *I HSN
H^MI HS MWXSXRIKS ^QRMINW^IRME YWXVSNS[IKS QEKE^]RY õIPE^E
EY VS^[MRMIWMÊ2^2ô?A
4MIV[SXRMI [ ^ETSFMIKERMY 2ô2^2ô WXSWS[ERS []WSOMI
HE[OM*I QKHSFÊ ?A
,IQQMRMOMM6MQTIPETSV´[REPMIJIOX][RSêÄWIPIOX][RINPYF
SFPMKEXSV]NRIN WYTPIQIRXEGNM õIPE^IQ [ SOVIWMI GMÂõ] QK
HSFÊ [KVYTMI OSFMIXJMÞWOMGLFI^[]OÜEHRMO´[2^2ô(S
KVYT] WXSWYNÂG]GL õIPE^S WIPIOX][RMI O[EPMJMOS[ERS GMÊõEVRI
^[EVXSêGMÂLIQEXSOV]XY ,'8 SVE^,KF K WX[MIV
H^SR]GLTSHG^EWOSPINR]GL[M^]XTSX]KSHRMYGMÂõ]/SFMI
XSQ [ KVYTMI WYTPIQIRXS[ERIN õIPE^IQ SFPMKEXSV]NRMI TSHE
[ERSGSH^MIRRMIQK*ISHX]KSHRMEGMÂõ]3FPMKEXSV]NRE
WYTPIQIRXEGNEõIPE^IQTS^[EPEYXV^]QEÄWXEÜÂ[EVXSêÄ,'8RMI
[TÜ][EÜEREQEWÊYVSH^IRMS[ÂRS[SVSHOESVE^[]HÜYõEÜEG^EW
XV[ERMEGMÂõ]SHRM9GMÊõEVR]GLRMI^EPIõRMISH^EWXSWS[ERI
KSWGLIQEXYWYTPIQIRXEGNMõIPE^IQ[]WSOE[EVXSêÄ,'8YNIQ
RMIOSVIPS[EÜE^QEWÂYVSH^IRMS[ÂH^MIGOEM[EKÂÜSõ]WOE?A
;]WSOMIWXÊõIRMI,KF [-XV]QIWXV^IGMÂõ] K [
X]KSHRMY K [ X]KSHRMY ^[MÊOW^E V]^]OS YVSH^IRME
H^MIGOE^RMWOEQEWÂYVSH^IRMS[ÂEPIRMI^[MÊOW^EV]^]OETSVS
HYTV^IH[G^IWRIKS? A
> HVYKMIN WXVSR] RMI []OE^ERS F] []WSOMI WXÊõIRMI ,KF
RMIOSV^]WXRMIQSH]JMOS[EÜSQEWÊYVSH^IRMS[ÂRS[SVSHOEYVS
H^SRIKS S G^EWMI 3HRSXS[ERS REXSQMEWX H[YOVSXR] [^VSWX
^EKVSõIRME TSVSHIQ TV^IH[G^IWR]Q SVE^ YVSH^IRME H^MIGOE
^RMWOÂQEWÂGMEÜE? A
;FEHERMY6LIE7XYH]TV^ITVS[EH^SR]Q[KVYTMI GMÊ
õEVR]GLWXSWYNÂG]GL[-SVE^--XV]QIWXV^IGMÂõ]O[EWJSPMS[]ESH
--XV]QIWXVYõIPE^S[]OE^ERSõIWYTPIQIRXEGNE[]WSOEHE[OÂ
*I QKHSFÊ [--XV]QIWXV^IGMÂõ]^[MIOW^EÜEV]^]OSYVSH^I
RMEH^MIGOE^RMWOÂQEWÂYVSH^IRMS[Â?A
4SHSFRÂ^EPIõRSêÄSHRSXS[ERS[FEHERMY13'), 1SXLIVW
ERH'LMPHVIRăW)RZMVSRQIRXEP,IEPXL ?A
;MÊOW^SêÄ GMÊõEVR]GL M OEVQMÂG]GL TMIVWM OSFMIX WXSWYNÂ
G]GL TVITEVEX] õIPE^E TV^IOVEG^E VIOSQIRHS[ERÂ
QK HSFS[ÂTSHEõõIPE^E GMÊõEVRI SO QKH^MIÞOEVQMÂGI
SOQKH^MIÞ >XINKVYT]QRMINRMõ OSFMIX[SOVIWMI
VS^VSHG^]Qõ]GMEF]ÜEYTV^IHRMSPYFNIWXPIG^SRE^TS[SHY2ô
2^2ôTV^I^SOVIWGSRENQRMINQG]4V^I[EõENÂG]SHWIXIOGMÊ
õEVR]GLOX´VIRMKH]RMIF]Ü]PIG^SRI^TS[SHY2>2^2ôMRMIQE
PEFSVEXSV]NR]GL[]OÜEHRMO´[ERIQMMWXSWYNITVSJMPEOX]G^RMI^F]X
[]WSOMIHE[OMõIPE^E?A
> HVYKMIN WXVSR] Y OSFMIX RMI WXSWYNÂG]GL TVITEVEX´[
õIPE^E[GMÂõ]HSFS[ETSHEõXIKSTMIV[MEWXOENIWXRMI[]WXEVG^E
NÂGEMRMITV^IOVEG^E QK?A
2EHQMIVRE SHFYHS[E YWXVSNS[IN VI^IV[] õIPE^E ^[MÊOW^E
KÊWXSêÄOV[MTSKEVW^ENÂGNINTV^ITÜ][TV^I^NIHRSWXOÊQEXG^]RS
TÜSHS[ÂPYF[VÊG^TVS[EH^MHSMRXSOW]OEGNMSVKERM^QYNSREQM
õIPE^E?A
;]OE^ERSõITSHEõQK*ISHX]KSHRMEGMÂõ]GLVSRM
TV^IH[]WXÂTMIRMIQ2^2ôEõ GMÊõEVR]GL>FPMõSR]IJIOXTVS
JMPEOX]G^R]^ESFWIV[S[ERSHPE*I[HE[GIHSFS[INQK2MI
[]OE^ERS V´õRMG [ ^ETSFMIKERMY 2ô2^2ô Y GMÊõEVR]GL OX´VI
SXV^]Q][EÜ]õIPE^S[HE[OEGLQKQK QK?A
'SH^MIRREWYTPIQIRXEGNEõIPE^E[HE[GI QK[]HENI
WMÊF]ÄRMIIJIOX][RE[^ETSFMIKERMY2ô(PEXINHE[OM*Iryzyko []WXÂTMIRMISFNE[´[OPMRMG^R]GLGLEVEOXIV]WX]G^R]GLHPERMIHS
FSVYõIPE^E[]RSWM E2^2ô 4SQMQSõI[KVYTMIOS
FMIXWXSWYNEG]GLõIPE^S[HE[GIQKHSFÊG^IêGMINWX[MIVH^E
RS2ô2^2ôHE[OEXE^ETSFMIKEÜE[]WXÂTMIRMYERIQMM[SOVIWMI
TSÜSKY2MISHRSXS[ERSMWXSXRIKS^[MÊOW^IRMESHWIXOEH^MEÜEÞ
RMITSõEHER]GLXIVETMMMRMI^EPIõRMISH^EWXSWS[ERINHE[OMõIPE^E
4SHEõõIPE^E[REN[]õW^INHE[GIHSFS[IN QK RMI[TÜ][EÜE
REHSFVSWXERRS[SVSHOE QEWEGMEÜEHÜYKSêÄTYROXGNE[WOEPM
%TKEV 7XSWS[ERITV^I^QEXOÊõIPE^S[HE[GIQKGEÜOS[M
GMI^EWTSOENEÜS^ETSXV^IFS[ERMIRS[SVSHOEREXIRTMIV[MEWXIO
9 OSFMIX WXSWYNÂG]GL [ GMÂõ] QK õIPE^E WXÊõIRMI JIVV]X]R]
[SOVIWMITSÜSKYF]ÜSRMõW^I.IHREOX]POS FEHER]GL^XIN
KVYT]QMEÜS^QRMINW^SRIYWXVSNS[I^ETEW]õIPE^E9õEHRIN^X]GL
GMÊõEVR]GLRMISHRSXS[ERS2^2ô[TSV´[RERMYHS 2^2ô
YOSFMIXRMIWXSWYNÂG]GLõIPE^ESVE^ ^ERIQMÂ^HMEKRS^S[E
RÂ[GMÂõ]7YTPIQIRXEGNEõIPE^E[HE[GIQK^ETSFMIKEÜE
RMIHSFSVS[MõIPE^EY GMÊõEVR]GLEY RMIHSOV[MWXSêGM
^RMIHSFSVYõIPE^E[SOVIWMIGMÂõ]MTSÜSKY>XIKSTS[SHY[MÊO
W^SêÄIOWTIVX´[VIOSQIRHYNITSHE[ERMIGMÊõEVR]QQK*Iod
X]KSHRMEGMÂõ]2ENRMõW^ÂHE[OÂWXEFMPM^YNÂGÂYWXVSNS[]QE
KE^]RõIPE^ENIWXNIKSTSHEõRETS^MSQMIQK*I?A
4VSJMPEOX]G^RITSHERMIGMÊõEVR]QQKõIPE^ESHX]KS
HRMEGMÂõ]Y^YTIÜRME^ETEW]õIPE^ESVE^^QRMINW^EV]^]OS[]WXE
TMIRME2^2ô;]OE^ERSIJIOX][RSêÄOPMRMG^RÂTVSJMPEOX]G^RIKS
TSHERMEQK*ISHX]KSHRMEGMÂõ]HSG^EWYTSVSHY[^ETS
FMIKERMY2ô2^2ôYGMIõEVR]GLMOEVQMÂG]GLQEXIO;HRMYTS
VSHYYGMÊõEVR]GLWYTPIQIRXS[ER]GLõIPE^IQ2^2ôSFWIV[S
[ERSOVSXRMIV^EH^MINRMõ[KVYTMI^TPEGIFS4SHSFRMIV^EH^MIN
WX[MIVH^ERS2ôQMIV^SR]TS^MSQIQJIVV]X]R]^EV´[RS[HSFMI
TSVSHY ZW NEOM[QGYTSTSVSH^MI ZW
3HWIXIOGMÊõEVR]GL^VS^TS^RERMIQERIQMM^RMIHSFSVYõIPE^ETS
QMIWMÂGEGLSHYVSH^IRMEH^MIGOERMIV´õRMÜWMÊQMÊH^]FEHER]
QMKVYTEQM2MISHRSXS[ERSV´õRMG[TVSJMPYMREWMPIRMYH^MEÜEÞ
RMITSõÂHER]GL ^I WXVSR] TV^I[SHY TSOEVQS[IKS ^[MÂ^ER]GL
^ TV^]NQS[ERMIQ PYF RMI WXSWS[ERMIQ WYTPIQIRXEGNM õIPE^IQ
2MWOE HE[OE õIPE^E RMI [TÜ][EÜE RE HSFVSWXER TSYVSH^IRMS[]
H^MIGOEQMIV^SR]TYROXEGNÂ%TKEVSVE^SF[´HKÜS[]QEWÊYVS
H^IRMS[ÂMHÜYKSêÄGMEÜERS[SVSHOE&EHERMIXSTSHHEÜS[[EX
TPM[SêÄ^EWEHRSêÄWOVMRMRKY[OMIVYROY2ô2^2ôYOSFMIX[
X]KSHRMY GMÂõ] SVE^ TSXV^IFÊ VYX]RS[IN WYTPIQIRXEGNM []WSOÂ
HE[OÂõIPE^E2MWOSHE[OS[ERETSHEõõIPE^ENIWXHSFV^IXSPIVS
[ERETV^I^GMÊõEVRIMRMINIWXWOSNEV^SRE^YGMÂõPM[]QMH^MEÜERME
QMRMITSõÂHER]QM^[MÂ^ER]QM^TVSJMPEOX]OÂ2ô2^2ô? A
ôIPE^SLIQS[I
ôIPE^SNIWXOSJEOXSVIQ[MIPYIR^]Q´[VIKYPYNÂG]GLXVERW
TSVXXPIRYSHH]GLERMIOSQ´VOS[IQIXEFSPM^QPMTMH´[W]RXI^Ê
(2% SVE^ WOÜEHRMOMIQ WXVYOXYVEPR]Q FMEÜIO LIQS[]GL ôIPE^S
VIKYPYNIJYROGNÊYOÜEHYSHTSVRSêGMS[IKS EOX][EGNEPMQJSG]X´[
8KIRIVS[ERMI[SPR]GLVSHRMO´[ SVE^RIV[S[IKS Y[VEõPM[ME
VIGITXSV] HSTEQMRIVKMG^RI FMIV^I YH^MEÜ [ FMSW]RXI^MI HSTE
QMR]WIVXSRMR]RSVEHVIREPMR] ;SPRIõIPE^SMRHYOYNIXSOW]G^
R]HPEOSQ´VIOWXVIWSOW]HEG]NR]2EHQMEV*IQSõIYW^OEH^EÄ
O[EW] RYOPIMRS[I SHTS[MEHEÄ ^E TIVSOW]HEGNÊ PMTMH´[ YW^OE
H^EÄREV^ÂH][I[RIXV^RIERE[IXTVS[EH^MÄHS^KSRY4SOEVQ
^E[MIVENSR]õIPE^ESV´õR]GLWXSTRMEGLYXPIRMIRMEKÜ´[RMI*I, TSWXEÄXVYHRSVS^TYW^G^EPRÂ[[SH^MISRMWOMINFMSHSWXÊTRSêGM
.IH]RÂ[EVXSêGMS[ÂHPEYWXVSNYJSVQÂXIKSTMIV[MEWXOENIWXõI
PE^SH[Y[EVXSêGMS[I(SFS[IWTSõ]GMIõIPE^E[]RSWMQK
8]POSSO HSFS[INTYPM*IYPIKEEFWSVFGNM[NIPMXEGLôIPE^S
LIQS[IWXERS[M^RMOSQ]SHWIXIOGEÜOS[MXINTYPM*IHSWXEVG^E
RIKS[TSõ][MIRMYEPINIKSFMSHSWXÊTRSêÄ NIWXOMPOEOVSX
RMI []õW^E RMõ õIPE^E RMILIQS[IKS ôIPE^S LIQS[I TS
GLSH^IRME ^[MIV^ÊGIKS [ÂXVSFE TSHVSF] [SÜS[MRE V]F] NIWX
[GLÜERMERI TV^I^ IRXIVSG]X] [ TSWXEGM RMI^QMIRMSRIN E TVSGIW
XIRRMI^EPIõ]SHWTSõ][ERINHMIX]1EÜEHSWXÊTRSêÄFMSPSKMG^
RE õIPE^E RMILIQS[IKS QSõI F]Ä QSH]JMOS[ERE TV^I^ PMG^RI
WYFWXERGNI IK^SIRHSKIRRI YPIKE ^[MÊOW^IRMY TSH [TÜ][IQ
O[EWYEWOSVFMRS[IKSPYF^QRMINW^IRMYTSWTSõ]GMYTSOEVQY^E
[MIVENÂGIKS [ÊKPER] W^G^E[MER] JSWJSVER] JMX]RMER] KEVFRMOM
SVE^JSWJSTVSXIMR]õ´ÜXOENEN4SOEVQQSõISFRMõEÄ[GLÜERMERMI
*IRE[IXS >XIKSTS[SHYõIPE^SRMILIQS[ITS[MRRS
F]ÄTV^]NQS[ERITSQMÊH^]TSWMÜOEQM/[EWSXEWSOYõSÜÂHOS[I
KSQSH]JMOYNI[GLÜERMERMI*I;]WSOMIWXÊõIRMIO[EWYWSPRIKS
^ETSFMIKE TS[WXE[ERMY XVYHRS [GLÜERMEPR]GL OSQTPIOW´[ õI
PE^E;TV^]TEHOYJSVQõIPE^EXVYHRSVS^TYW^G^EPR]GL[[SH^MI
JYQEVER PYF WMEVG^ER õIPE^E FMSHSWXITRSêÄ XIKS TMIV[MEWXOE
YSW´F^RMIHSO[EWSXÂõSÜÂHOENIWXRMWOEMXV^IFENÂ^[MÊOW^]ÄHS
HEXOMIQO[EWYEWOSVFMRS[IKS;IKIXEVMERM^QSVE^WTSõ][ERMI
HMIX] YFSKSQMÊWRIN STEVXIN RE []WSOSTV^IX[SV^SRIN õ][RSêGM
FSKEXIN[OSRWIV[ERX]YTSêPIH^ETSHEõõIPE^E?A
7 8 % 2 3 ; - 7 / 3 > ) 7 4 3 Û 9 ) / 7 4 ) 6 8 ; +MRIOSP4SP
Stanowisko Zespołu Ekspertów PTG w sprawie profilaktyki niedoboru żelaza oraz niedokrwistości z niedoboru żelaza niską dawką żelaza hemowego u kobiet.
;GLÜERMERMIõIPE^E^EGLSH^MKÜ´[RMI[IRXIVSG]XEGLNIPMXE
GMIROMIKS EPI XIõ [ H[YREWXRMG] M êPEHS[S [ õSÜÂHOY TS ^VI
HYOS[ERMYTSWXEGMXV´N[EVXSêGMS[INõIPE^EHSOEXMSRYH[Y[EV
XSêGMS[IKS ôIPE^S RMILIQS[I VIHYOS[ERI NIWX TV^I^ IR^]Q
JIVVMVIHYOXE^Ê (G]XF EREWXÊTRMI TV^IRSW^SRI HS [RIXV^E IR
XIVSG]XE TV^I^ FMEÜOS[] XVERWTSVXIV QIXEPM H[Y[EVXSêGMS[]GL
(18 ôIPE^S LIQS[I NIWX EFWSVFS[ERI TV^I^ FMEÜOS XVERW
TSVXYNÂGILIQ ,'4 1IXEJSTSVJMV]RENIWXHIKVEHS[ER]TV^I^
SOW]HE^Ê LIQS[Â 4S ^[MÂ^ERMY TV^I^ JIVV]X]RÊ REHQMEV TMIV
[MEWXOETV^IOE^][ER]NIWX^[RÊXV^EIRXIVSG]XEHSOV[M.IHRE
G^ÂWXIG^OEJIVV]X]R]QSõI^[MÂ^EÄSOEXSQ´[*I&MEÜOS
XSQETSHWXE[S[I^REG^IRMIHPESGLVSR]YWXVSNYTV^IHXSOW]G^
R]Q H^MEÜERMIQ [SPRIKS õIPE^E Y[EPRMERIKS [ VIEOGNM OEXEPM
^S[ERIN TV^I^ SOW]KIRE^Ê LIQS[Â 8VERWTSVX õIPE^E RMILIQS
[IKS TSHPIKE OSRXVSPM JIVVSTSVX]R] *42 -6)+ 184 SVE^
LIJIWX]R] SOW]HE^]TSHSFRINHSGIVYPSTPE^QMR] OX´VEYXPIRME
*ITV^IHNIKS^[MÂ^ERMIQ^XVERWJIV]RÂ 8* FMEÜOMIQXVERWTSVXS
[]QOV[M'^ÊêÄõIPE^ELIQS[IKSQSõIF]ÄTV^IRSW^SRETV^I^
XVERWTSVXIV]LIQY&GVTSVE^*0:'6'^EWõ]GMEHSNV^EÜ]GLIRXI
VSG]X´[[]RSWMHRMHPEXIKS^REG^REG^ÊêÄTSFVERIKSõIPE^E
RMINIWXXVERWTSVXS[EREHEPINMNIWXFI^TS[VSXRMIXVEGSRE-WXSX
RÂVSPÊ[VIH]WXV]FYGNMõIPE^EYWXVSNS[IKSSHKV][ENÂQEOVSJEKM
SH^]WOYNÂGXIRTMIV[MEWXIO^I^Yõ]GLIV]XVSG]X´[4SYXPIRMIRMY
õIPE^E GIVYPSTPE^QMRE TMIV[MEWXIONIWXTV^IOE^][ER]HSOVÂõI
RMEW]WXIQS[IKS[JSVQMIOSQTPIOWY^XVERWJIVV]RÂ9[EPRMERMI
õIPE^E^QEOVSJEK´[OSRXVSPS[ERINIWXTV^I^JIVVSTSVX]RÊSVE^
[ÂXVSFS[ LITG]H]RÊ OX´VE QSHYPYNI EOX][RSêÄ JIVVSTSVX]R]
[ QIGLERM^QMI NIN MRXIVREPM^EGNMHIKVEHEGNM &MSW]RXI^E LITG]
H]R] NIWX VIKYPS[ERE WTSõ]GMIQ õIPE^E LIQS[IKS 2MIHSF´V
LITG]H]R]TVS[EH^MHSREHQMIVRIKSTSFMIVERMEõIPE^EENINRE
HIOWTVIWNEHSRMIHSOV[MWXSêGM^RMIHSFSVYõIPE^E4S^[MÂ^ERMY
^IW[SMWX]QVIGITXSVIQHPEXVERWJIV]R]^PSOEPM^S[ER]Q[FÜSRMI
OSQ´VOMHSGIPS[INOSQTPIOWXVERWJIV]REõIPE^SNIWXMRXIVREPM^S
[ER]ETSH]WSGNEGNM[IRHSWSQEGLNSR]*IWÂXVERWTSVXS[ERI
TV^I^(18HSG]XS^SPY?A
'^]RRMOMIQHIXIVQMRYNÂG]Q[GLÜERMERMIõIPE^E^TV^I[SHY
TSOEVQS[IKS NIWX [MIPOSêÄ NIKS ^ETEW´[ YWXVSNS[]GL ; WXE
REGL RMIHSFSVY õIPE^E SVE^ REWMPIRME IV]XVSTSI^] ^[MIOW^E WMÊ
IOWTVIWNEVIGITXSV´[HPE*I^PSOEPM^S[ER]GL[FÜSREGLOSQ´V
OS[]GL IRXIVSG]X´[ M SH[VSXRMI ^[MÊOW^IRMI MPSêGM õIPE^E ^E
TEWS[IKS[SVKERM^QMI[SKVERMG^ENIKS[GLÜERMERMI[NIPMGMI
?A
>TYPMõIPE^EYWXVSNS[IKSSOSÜS ^QEKE^]RS[ERINIWX
LIQSKPSFMRMI QMSKPSFMRMI IV]XVSG]XEGL XVERWJIV]RMI M IR^]
QEGL4S^SWXEÜÂG^ÊêÄWXERS[MVI^IV[E^PSOEPM^S[ERE[[ÂXVS
FMIMêPIH^MSRMI JIVV]X]RELIQSW]HIV]RE 'EÜOS[MXE^E[EVXSêÄ
õIPE^E[SVKERM^QMIOSFMIX][]RSWMK*I QK*IOKQG
;MÊOW^SêÄ TYPM IRHSKIRRIKS õIPE^E TSGLSH^M ^I ^HIKVEHS[E
R]GLIV]XVSG]X´[/SFMIXEWTSõ][ESO QK*IHSFÊTV^]
VIOSQIRHS[ER]QQMRMQEPR]Q^ETSV^IFS[ERMYH^MIRR]QV^ÊHY
QK4VE[MIGSHVYKEOSFMIXE WXSWYNITVITEVEX][MIPS
[MXEQMRS[I^[MÊOW^ENÂGIHSFS[ÂTSHEõ*ISQK'SH^MIRRI
WXVEX]õIPE^E[]RSW^ÂSOSÜSQK[X]QQK[]HEPERINIWX
^QSG^IQQK^I^ÜYW^G^SR]QREWO´VOMIQMTSXIQQK
^I^ÜYW^G^SR]QREFÜSROMIQNIPMXS[]QSVE^QK[[]RMOYJM
^NSPSKMG^RINYXVEX]OV[M[TV^I[SH^MITSOEVQS[]Q(S[]V´[
RERME H^MIRR]GL WXVEX *I YWXV´N QYWM ^VIWSVFS[EÄ GSRENQRMIN
QKõIPE^E^TV^I[SHYTSOEVQS[IKS;SOVIWMIHSNV^I[ERME
[GLÜERMERMI õIPE^E ^[MÊOW^E WMÊ S OSPINR] QKHSFÊ Y OSFMIX
QMIWMÂG^OYNÂG]GL S HSHEXOS[I QK REXSQMEWX [ -- SVE^ ---
XV]QIWXV^IGMÂõ]EõSHSQK(SRSW^SR]RS[SVSHIOQEXOM
^TVE[MHÜS[]QQEKE^]RIQõIPE^EYWXVSNS[IKSH]WTSRYNI^ETE
WEQMXIKSTMIV[MEWXOERETMIV[W^IQG]õ]GME? A ôIPE^S LIQS[I NIWX PITMIN XV^]OVSXRMI PITMIN TV^]W[ENEPRI
TV^I^ SVKERM^Q RMõ TSWXEÄ RMILIQS[E &MSHSWXÊTRSêÄ õIPE^E
LIQS[IKS Y REWXSPEXIO WXSWYNÂG]GL OSRGIRXVEX LIQSKPSFMR]
[MITV^S[INF]ÜES []õW^E[TSV´[RERMYHSSHRSXS[ERIN
[KVYTMIQÜSH]GLOSFMIXWYTPIQIRXS[ER]GLõIPE^IQ[TSWXEGM
WMEVG^ERY>QRMINW^IRMIWXÊõIRMEJIVV]X]R][IOV[MSHRSXS[ERS
YOSFMIX^KVYT]TPEGIFSSVE^TV^]NQYNÂG]GLõIPE^SRMILIQS[I
?A
%FWSVFGNEõIPE^ELIQS[IKSF]ÜEY^HVS[]GLOSFMIXOVSX
RMI[]õW^ERMõNIKSTSWXEGMRMILIQS[IN WMEVG^ERõIPE^EO[EW
EOSVFMRS[] 4SHSFRMI[GMÂõ]JSVQELIQS[EõIPE^EF]ÜEPITMIN
[GLÜERMERERMõTSWXEÄRMILIQS[E ZW NIHREOIJIOX
XIRRMIF]ÜWXEX]WX]G^RMIMWXSXR](SFVI[GLÜERMERMIJSVQ]RMILI
QS[IN*I^[ME^ERINIWXJM^NSPSKMG^R]QXSVIQEFWSVFTGNMõIPE^E
[---XV]QIWXV^IGMÂõ])JIOXXIRRMI^EPIõEÜSH^E[EVXSêGMLITG]
H]R]SVE^[MIPOSêGMYWXVSNS[IKSHITS^]XYõIPE^E? A
4SX]KSHRMEGLWTSõ][ERMETMIG^][E[^FSKEGSRIKSõIPE
^IQ QK*ILIQS[IKS QK*IRMILIQS[IKSHSFÊ SHRE
[MEWMÊYWXVSNS[]VI^IV[YEVõIPE^E^[MÊOW^EWMÊSWSG^S[IWXÊõI
RMIJIVV]X]R]SVE^^E[EVXSêÄVS^TYW^G^EPRINJVEOGNMVIGITXSVEHPE
JIVV]X]R]>FPMõSR]IJIOX[]OE^ERSYOSFMIXWYTPIQIRXS[ER]GL
QKJYQEVERYõIPE^ENIHREOXSPIVERGNEPIG^IRME[XINKVYTMI
OSFMIXF]ÜEKSVW^EEH^MEÜERMERMITSõÂHERIG^ÊêGMINSFWIV[S[E
RI7YTPIQIRXHMIX]^E[MIVENÂG]õIPE^SLIQS[ISVE^RMILIQS[I
[SHTS[MIHRMGLTVSTSVGNEGL[TÜ][EOSV^]WXRMIREQIGLERM^Q]
[GLÜERMERMEõIPE^ETV^I^GSH^MEÜEIJIOX][RMINRMõTVITEVEX^E
[MIVENÂG]MHIRX]G^RÂ^E[EVXSêÄ*IEPI[TSWXEGMõIPE^ERMILI
QS[IKS?A
9 QMIWMÂG^OYNEG]GL OSFMIX ^ RMIHSFSVIQ õIPE^E JIVV]X]
RE QKP,KF"K WXSWYNÂG]GLTV^I^QG]RMWOSHE[OS
[ERITVITEVEX]õIPE^ESHFYHS[EQEKE^]RYYWXVSNS[IKSHPEXIKS
TMIV[MEWXOEQMIV^SREWXÊõIRMIQJIVV]X]R][OV[MF]ÜEREN[]õW^E
[KVYTMIWXSWYNÂGIN&MSJIV QK*I EREWXÊTRMIYTEGNIRXIOPI
G^SR]GLõIPE^IQRMILIQS[]Q^[MXEQMRÂ' QK ;TV^]TEH
OYõIPE^ETS^]WOM[ERIKS^IOWXVEOX´[^MSÜS[]GLSVE^HVSõH^]
QK*I IJIOXXIRF]ÜRMI^EHE[EPENÂG];KVYTMIOSFMIXWYTPIQIR
XS[ER]GL õIPE^IQ LIQS[]Q Eõ HIOPEVS[EÜS WXSWS[ERMI
[OÜEHOMHSQEGMG^RIN? A
4VITEVEX]õIPE^EWÂ^E^[]G^ENTVSHYOXEQM[]WSOSHE[OS[E
R]QM^EVINIWXVS[ER]QMHS^EWXSWS[EÞXIVETIYX]G^R]GL4SHE[E
RMI[]WSOMGLHE[IO*IQSõITVS[EH^MÄHSNIKSRMIXSPIVERGNMMPYF
VI^]KREGNM^XIVETMM^I[^KPÊHYRETVSJMPH^MEÜEÞRMITSõÂHER]GL
XVYHR]GLHS^EEOGITXS[ERMETV^I^TEGNIRXOM[]QEKENÂGIPIG^I
RME HÜYKSXIVQMRS[IKS F´PH]WOSQJSVX [ REHFV^YW^Y ^ETEVGME
PYFFMIKYROMRYHRSêGM ? A
(^MEÜERMERMITSõÂHERISFWIV[YNIWMÊ^E^[]G^ENTSWTSõ]GMY
[]WSOMGLHE[IO*IV^ÊHY QKHSFÊ?A
ôIPE^SLIQS[INIWXFEVH^SHSFV^IXSPIVS[ERI;VERHSQM
^S[ER]Q OSRXVSPS[ER]Q TPEGIFS TSH[´NRMI ^EêPITMSR]Q FE
HERMY OPMRMG^R]Q SGIRMERS G^ÊWXSêÄ H^MEÜEÞ RMITSõÂHER]GL TS
XV^]QMIWMÊG^RINXIVETMM QKõIPE^ELIQS[IKS &MSJIV,IQSJIV PYF QK õIPE^E RMILIQS[IKS )VGS*IV 9 TEGNIRX´[ PIG^S
R]GLõIPE^IQLIQS[]QSHWIXIOFEHER]GL^KÜEW^ENÂG]GLH^MEÜE
RMERMITSõÂHERIF]ÜS RMõW^][TSV´[RERMYHSWXSWYNÂG]GL
OSQTEVEXSV ;êV´H TEGNIRXIO PIG^SR]GL õIPE^IQ RMILIQS[]Q
GSG^[EVXEFEHEREWOEVõ]ÜEWMÊRERYHRSêGM^ETEVGMEH]WOSQJSVX
[NEQMIFV^YW^RINPYFFMIKYROÊ(SPIKPM[SêGMXIF]Ü]H[YOVSXRMI
V^EH^MINSFWIV[S[ERITSTSHERMY&MSJIVY *I QK TV^][EV
XSêGMEGLLIQSKPSFMR]MJIVV]X]R]TSV´[R][EPR]GLHSSHRSXS[E
R]GL[KVYTMIWXSWYNÂGINõIPE^SRMILIQS[I[HE[GIQK?A
7YTPIQIRXEGNE RMWOÂ HE[OE õIPE^E LIQS[IKS QK SH
--XV]QIWXVYGMÂõ]YXV^]QYNITSõÂHERIWXÊõIRMI,KFTSHOSRMIG
GMÂõ]9GMÊõEVR]GLTV^]NQYNÂG]GLõIPE^SLIQS[IOSRGIRXVEGNE
JIVV]X]R]F]ÜE^FPMõSREHS[EVXSêGMSHRSXS[ER]GL[-XV]QIWXV^I
GMÂõ]TSHG^EWKH][KVYTMITV^]NQYNÂGINõIPE^SRMILIQS[IPYF
TPEGIFSF]ÜERMõW^ESHWX[MIVH^SRINRETSG^ÂXOYGMÂõ]?A
;MIH^EHSX]G^ÂGEYRMOEPR]GLGIGLJEVQEOSPSKMG^R]GLPIO´[
WXSWS[ER]GL [ TVSJMPEOX]GI RMIHSFSVY õIPE^E RMIHSOV[MWXSêGM
^RMIHSFSVYõIPE^ETS^[EPETVEOX]OYNÂGIQYPIOEV^S[MREMRH]
[MHYEPM^EGNÊ PIG^IRME M []F´V STX]QEPRIN QIXSH] XIVETIYX]G^
RIN 7OYXIG^RSêÄ M FI^TMIG^IÞWX[S WYTPIQIRXEGNM GMÊõEVR]GL
RMWOSHE[OS[ER]QMTVITEVEXEQMõIPE^ELIQS[IKSTSX[MIVH^ENÂ
FEHERME OPMRMG^RI S []WSOMQ [WT´ÜG^]RRMOY [MEV]KSHRSêGM RE
YOS[IN(SFVEXSPIVERGNEPIG^IRMEQSõPM[SêÄ^EWXSWS[ERMEYOS
FMIX[SOVIWMIVS^VSHG^]Qõ]GMEGMÊõEVR]GLMOEVQMÂG]GLTMIVWMÂ
H^MEÜERME RMITSõÂHERI S QMRMQEPR]Q [TÜ][MI RE NEOSêÄ õ]GME
[]WSOMTS^MSQEOGITXEGNMQIXSH]^IWXVSR]TEGNIRXIOHENIKMRI
OSPSKSQTSÜSõRMOSQ HSWOSREÜI REV^ÊH^MI XIVETIYX]G^RI [ ^E
TSFMIKERMY2ô2^2ô
P i ś m i e n n i c t w o
1. Hoppe M, Brun B, Larsson MP et al. Heme iron-based dietetary intervention for improvment of iron status in young women. Nutrition 2013;29: 89-95
2. Hercberg S, Preziosi P, Galan P. Iron deficiency in Europe. Public Health Nutrition 2001;4:537- 547
3. Scholl TO. Iron status during pregnancy: setting the stage for the mother and infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:1218S-1222S
4. Perry GS, Yip R, Zyrkowski C. Nutritional risk factors among low-income pregnant US women:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System, 1979-1993. Sem Perinatol 1995;19:211-221
5. Scholl TO, Hediger ML. Anemia and iron-deficiency anemia: compiliation of data on pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr 1994,59,492S-501S,
6. Scholl TO, Hediger ML, Fischer RL et al. Anemia vs iron deficiency: increased risk of preterm delivery in prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:985-988
7. Looker AC, Dallamn PR, Caroll MD et al. Prevalence of iron deficiency in the United States.
JAMA 1997;277:973-976
8. Scanlon KS, Yip R, Schieve LA et al. High and low hemoglobin levels during pregnancy:
differential risk for preterm birth and small for gestational age. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:741-748 9. Zhou LM, Yang WW, Hua JZ et al. Relation of hemoglobin measured at different times
of pregnancy to preterm birth and low birth weight in Shanghai, China. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:998-1006
10. Allen LH. Biological mechanism that might underlie iron’s effects on fetal growth and preterm birth. J Nutr 2001;131:581S-589S
11. Pavord S, Myers B, Robinson S et al. UK guidelines on the management of iron deficiency in pregnancy. BJH 2012;156:588-600
12. Milman N, Bergholt T, Eriksen L et al. Iron prophylaxis during pregnancy- How much iron is needed? A randomized dose response study of 20-80 mg ferrous iron daily in pregnant women.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2005;84:238-247
13. Pena-Rosas JP, De-Regil LM, Dowswell T et al. Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012; 12; CD004736, DOI: 10.1002/1451858.
CD004736.pub4
14. Milman N, Clausen J, Byg K-E. Iron status in 268 Danish women aged 18-30 years. Influence of menstruation, method of contraception, and iron supplementation. Ann Hematol 1998;76:13-19
15. Solomons NW. Competetive interaction of iron and zinc in the diet consequences for human nutrition. J Nutr 1986; 116: 927-935
16. Solomons NW. CompetetiveMineral-Mineral Interaction in the Intestine. [w] Nutritional Bioavailability of Zinc, red. Inglett G, ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Societes, Washington DC; 1983
17. Khadem N, Mohammadzadeh A, Farhat AS et al. Relationship between low birth weight neonate and maternal serum zinc concentration. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2012; 14: 14: 240- 244
18. Stanowisko Zespołu Ekspertów Polskiego Towarzystwa Ginekologicznego w zakresie suplementacji witamin i mikroelementów podczas ciąży. Ginekol Pol. 2011;82:550-553 19. Makrides M, Crowther CA, Gibson RA et al. Efficacy and tolerability of low-dose iron supplements
during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:145-153
20. Hemminki R, Rimpela U. A randomized comparison of routine versus selective iron supplementation during pregnancy. J Am Coll Nutr 1991; 1:3-10
21. Papadopoulou E, Stratakis N, Roummeliotaki T et al. The effect of high doses of folic acid and iron supplementation in early-to-mid pregnancy on prematurity and fetal growth retardation: the mother-child cohort study in Crete, Greece (Rhea Study). Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:327-336 22. Hwang J-Y, Lee J-Y, Kim K-N et al. Maternal iron intake at mid-pregnancy is associated with
reduced fetal growth: results from Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study. Nutrition Journal 2013; 12:38; http://www.nutrition.j.com/content/12/1/38
23. Steer P, Alam MA, Wadsworth J et al. Relation between maternal haemoglobin concentration and birth weight in different ethnic groups. BMJ 1995;310:489-483
24. Fidler MC, Davidsson L, Zeder Ch et al. Iron absorbtion from ferrous fumarate in adults women is influenced by ascorbic acid but not by Na2EDTA. British Journal of Nutrition 2003; 90: 1081- 1085
25. Cairo G, Bernuzzi F, Recalcati S. A precious metal: iron, an essential nutrient for all cells. Genes and Nutrition 2006; 1: 25-40
26. Gonzales-Rosendo G, Polo J, Rodriguez-Jerez JJ et al. Bioavailibility of a heme-iron concentrate product added to chocolate biscuit filling in adolescent girls living in a rural area of Mexico. J Food Sci 2010; 75: H73-H78, doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01523.x.
27. Frykman E, Bystorm M, Jansson U et al. Side effects of iron supplementation in the study of blood donors. Superior tolerance of heme iron. J Lab Cun Med. 1994; 123:561-564 28. Young MF, Griffin I, Pressman E et al. Utilization of iron from animal-based iron source is greater
than that of ferrous sulfate in pregnant and nonpregnant women. J Nutr 2010;140:2162-2166 29. Borch-Iohnsen B, Meltzer HM, Stenberg V et al. Bioavailibility of low doses iron supplements in
menstruating women with low iron stories. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990; 44: 29-34
30. Eskaland B, Malterund K, Ulvik RJ et al.: Iron supplementation in pregnancy:is less enough? A randomized, placebo controlled traial of low dose of iron supplementation with or without heme iron: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997; 76:822-828.
Zespół ekspertów dąży do zapewnienia niezależności i obiektywizmu we wszystkich swoich działaniach edukacyjnych. Eksperci nie popierają i nie zalecają stosowania żadnych produktów handlowych, usług ani sprzętu me- dycznego, których opisy znalazły się w niniejszej publikacji.
Celem ujawnienia ewentualnych konfliktów interesów związanych z ni- niejszą publikacją, autorzy wytycznych oświadczają, że współpracowali/nie współpracowali w badaniach lub grantach edukacyjnych dotyczących proble- matyki gospodarki żelazem u ludzi.
prof. dr hab Romuald Dębski zgłoszono – Egis prof. dr hab. Iwona Hus
nie zgłoszono konfliktu interesów prof. dr hab. Jan Kotarski
nie zgłoszono konfliktu interesów prof. dr hab. Przemysław Oszukowski
nie zgłoszono konfliktu interesów prof. dr hab. Tomasz Paszkowski
nie zgłoszono konfliktu interesów prof. dr hab. Marek Spaczyński
nie zgłoszono konfliktu interesów dr n. med. Jacek Tomaszewski
nie zgłoszono konfliktu interesów
