Stratigraphy of the Cambrian System in the Holy Cross Mts

(1)

Kwartalnik Geologiczny, t. 32, nr 3 - 4, str. 525 - 532

Stanislaw ORLOWSKI

Stratigraphy of the Cambrian System In the Holy Cross Mts

Four areas with Cambrian deposits are recognized in Poland. The most important from the point of view of the paleontology, sedimentology and stratigraphy (both lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy) of the Cambrian System is the area of the Holy Cross Mts situated almost in the center of the country.

The progress in description of trilobites, hyolithids, some other groups of fossils and trace fossils together with more exact data of the formation thicknesses have given the opportunity to demonstrate in this publi- cation the synthesis of the stratigraphy of the Cambrian System. Additionally the complete list of trilobites and list of some other fossils is presented on the background of the detailed stratigraphy. The Cambrian sequences of the other regions of Poland may be compared with classical section in the Holy Cross Mts.

The other areas are: Kaczawa Mts in the Sudety Mts (SW Poland) with exposed Cambrian rocks, Upper Silesian Coal Basin (SW Poland) with Cambrian rocks known only from boreholes, and Cambrian platform deposits (North and East Poland) covering Precambrian basement of the Precambrian East- -European Platform, known also from boreholes only.

INTRODUCTION

Cambrian rocks were recognized in some regions of Poland (Fig. 1) but they outcrop only in the Holy Cross Mts and in Sudety Mts. A complete sequence of Cambrian rocks with common and differenciated fossils is known from the Holy Cross Mts only (S. Orlowski, 1964, 1968a, b, 1985a, b, 1987; S. Orlowski, B. Wak- smundzki, 1986). Fossils in the Cambrian sequence in Sudety Mts are very scarce (T. Gunia, 1967), therefore the precision of the stratigraphic subdivisions is very low. The Cambrian rocks of both areas were deposited in the open marine basin, which was a part of the Mid-European Caledonian Geosyncline.

In the other areas of Poland the Cambrian rocks were penetrated by boreholes, mainly in Northern and Eastern Poland. There they cover the cristalline basement of the Precambrian European Platform at the different depths, up to 5 km. The Cambrian System in the latter area is rather similar - from the point of view of fossils and biostratigraphy - to the Cambrian in Scandinavia with some addi-

(2)

526 Stanislaw Orlowski

Fig. 1. Cambrian deposits in Poland

Wyst~powanie osad6w kambru w Polsce

tional features comparable" with Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, and Western Ukraine but the thickness of Cambrian series is as a rule much bigger.

The Cambrian rocks were penetrated by borings on the area of the Upper Si- lesian Coal Basin (SW Poland) under the thick cover of Carboniferous and De- vonian rocks. Trilobites, very important for Lower Cambrian stratigraphy, were found in Goczalkowice borehole (S. Orlowski, 1975b).

Trilobites from the Cambrian System in Poland belong to Atlantic zoogeographic province or - more precisely - to Baltic or Scandinavian sUbprovince.

Some scarce trilobites from other zoogeographic provinces are also present. They show that Cambrian seas of Poland were influenced by trilobites from Marokko, Great Britain, Bohemia, North America and Siberia.

STRA TIGRAPHY

Folded Cambrian rocks of the Holy Cross Mts are recognized as a part of the Malopolska Massif situated in SE Poland. Riphean, Vendian and Paleozoic rocks of this massif are known from the boreholes only, because they are covered by marine Miocene deposits. Stratigraphy of the Precambrian rocks of this area is still dispu- table. New stratigraphic subdivision of the Upper Riphean and Vendian of the Southern Poland was given by W.R. Kowalski (1983) and K. Lydka, L.J. Filatowa (1987).

Cambrian sequence of the Holy Cross Mts is recognized as Holy Cross Group (Fig. 2) reaching from the lowermost Lower Cambrian and including the Lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) at the top. The Group is limited at the top by the foldings of the local tectonic Sandomirian Phase, which may be compared with the Grampian Phase in Scotland and/or Finnmark Phase in Scandinavia.

The Holy Cross Group comprises a thick series of sandstones, siltstones and clayey and silty shales, at least 2500 to 3500 m thick. The Cambrian sequence is divided into following lithostratigraphic units a~cording to Zasady polskiej klasy- fikacji, terminologii i nomenklatury stratygraficznej (1975).

(3)

. " . "

o -.

Q..!!C'

l

~ ~. N

"'C.-en

~ ~ ~ t:;'

:E 0 '"t III

() ~ ~ :.

~ !': '< ~

~N~~

I ~=-

2". ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ^'<

g.

(/ ~ 0- III - .

3 ~.

0" -.

'"t 0

~ 0

~ ~

0:

0, ::r

'"t ("\l

~ ^(') ::r III

en,3

~ ~

~. ~.

o 0

~'"

'"t ("\l

N ..0

'< ~ ' " ("\l

~g

~ ~.

'"t ....

~

:-

N go

~

-

'< -.

~~ ~ ⁰

(1) - .

s 5'.

'"t 0-

'E-[

O"("\l

S:.Q

~ g

_. (D'

~

: g.8.

III '"

o ("\l

'< -

g.g

("\l VJ Q..

:-.Q

e.

^g

("\l _ .

o ("\l

_.

^'"

a o o -.

i!S' 0

:: s-

_o _("\l

o '"t

'(i.~

::r 0

~ OCI'O _'"t

~ VJ '0

g'

I :

^:r

CT ~'<

II> - 0

:= ^0;::

~ ~ ~

II< C I

o r.

~ ~ c.. ".

3 :> iD i?l 0;;10 ,-n -::: V>

~~ ~~ ~

- ~

;;;

H::~ 1

llITllf:ITl WB]

Lowe r

V>

n ':7 3 a:

It>

:::

'"

~

'"

o o

A t.! 9 R t..

o

...,

o

"

§. g

I "0

~ ~ ~ 2-

::: II>

.0 :J

~ ~

.0 I

Vl g

f

~

"0 :J If>

t:

~ iii Middle

"0 't>

:;'

~

-g

~ n t:

II'

l"T1V'1I.n

og g 0- 0 30.:1[

3 g~~'

o :J :J '"

V>

o .,

:J o 't>

.,

t:

Q

U poe r

c

",

~

II'

? ""T1 VI ... 0 .0 o ~ :J

o 3 0.

I .0 II'

§

g

~

:;

~.

:J

O.

~

1III

^.0

'Tltr.;7i\

~~ ~ g

0 0 tD o.

0::- :f 30 ".

:J C

C~'~SS ^{--S-3 - -}

^{~i f}

- : J ^{..,1 A}

^I

^it).n

~~J1rP-f-I--C_'RO_JP __

^--J

cambl'ienS1:s Yani schevsky czar>nae Orlowski I Waksmundzki kotuszowi Orlowski I Waksmundzki PZatysolenites antiquissimus E;ichwald

system Series

N 0 ;:J

~

rt ;:0.

.,. rt '.0 ::r

I; 0

OJ fIl '1:l rt ::r ^I;

'< OJ I

:E: f-'t"' o .,.

..q rt '<5

t'l I

rtt"'

,.s' :;

I; ::r

OJ 0 '1:l ::rl; ~ '< OJ

I

- Coleoloides sp;

Ho lmia mal'ginata Orlowski H. glabm Orlowski H. ol'ienta Orlowski

ol'cina Orlowski aspis spinatus Orlowski gr'anuZatus Orlowski Schmidtiellus panowi (Samsonowicz) S. nodosus Orlowski

Stl'enuella po lonica Samsonowicz S. sandomir>ensis (Samsonowicz) S. zbe lutkae Or lowski Comluella omtl'ix Orlowski C. igl'zycznae Orlowski EZlipsocephalus simp7ex Orlowski E. k'[ael'i (Samsonowicz) :::latius integer> Orlowski Micmacca (A.) klimontowi Orlowski Stl'enuaeva ol'lowinens7:e Samsonowicz

Orlowski

(P.) cZal'nocki-[ Orlowski et Bednarczyk

Orlowski Orlowski

Orlowski et Bednarczyk Se'Y'rodiscus primcrrius Orlowski

P(JI."nn1t'Y'l!.Q makowskii Orlowski

['r>C)S1-1'U'Lr;es bOr>nhotmiensis Poulsen

"Olenus"l'al'us Orlowski Pl'otopeltul'a olenus01'um Orlowski Sphael'ophthalmus alatus (Boeck)

l:'ar'ac()x1-.dcc oclandieus SjOgren P. insuZal'ie 11estergard P.

P. Holm

P. Orlowski

~ Orlowski

P. ['amGonowiczi Orlowski

P. Orlowski

~ Orlowski

Ellipsoccphahta hofi"i (Schlotheim) E. 8anctacYlur.:e ru:"i;; (Samsonowic z) F.:. Dlw"hi Orlowski

E. 'auel'-;ehi Or lows ki

. Orlowski

Orlowski

(Orlowski)

Orlowski Orlowski Bednarczyk Bednarczyk Jakutus kidcensis Bednarczyk

;'ol.enc;Pl,eUl"'Lna ","r''',nC';journ. (Bragger) (Strand)

S. orlowski

S. Orlowski

S. cf. canaZiculata (Angelin) Kootenia enigmatica orlowsk,i

vistulae (Gfir ich) (Salter)

11'e'ma"oco(~(S pl'istinus (Hatthe\i)

I ;~~~~~~l~ a c~~ .oeZandieus Holm

~zal'nocki i Sta-s inska

scal'abeoides scal'abeoides (Wahlenberg) beoides cf. westel'gaardi Henningsmoen pl'otopeltol'Um Orlowski

pseudobesus Orlowski Orlowski

Acel'ocare? kl.onowkae Orlowski Pal'aboZina bella Orlowski

(Angelin) Tomczykowa lati limbata Tomczykowa lobata lpbata (BrOgger) minima Tomczykowa parva Tomczykowa secreta Tomczykowa Be 1 te lla coniuncta Tomczykowa B. convexa Tomczykowa B. czal"nockii Tomczykowa B. lata Tomczykowa B. rotundata T~mczykowa

Orusia cf. lenticulal'is (Wahlenberg)-- Acrotreta multa Orlowski

LatoucheZla apel'ta Orlowski Cambl'ocl'inus regularis Orlowski

(4)

Stratigraphy of the Cambrian System in the Holy Cross Mts 527

LOWER CAMBRIAN

Os i e k San d s ton e For mat ion was established by W.R. Kowalski (1983). The formation is thin (Fig. 2) and is known mainly from boreholes, the outcrops are few and small. It is represented by yellow and light-grey quartz sandstones passing upward into dark-grey sandstones. So far, no fossils were found in sandstones except for some trace fossils as: Planolites montanus, Phycodes sp.

(W.R. Kowalski, 1983) in the upper part of the formation.

C z a rna S h a I e For mat ion was recognized by S. Orlowski (1975a).

The Formation consists of clayey and silty shales with intercalations of fine-grained siltstones and sandstones; the sandstone intercalations are more frequent toward the top of the formation. The thickness of formation may be estimated at 800 m (S. Orlowski, 1987). Within the formation the skeletal fauna is represented by:

Hyolithes czarnae, Allatheca kotuszowi (S. Orlowski, B. Waksmundzki, 1986), Coleo- loides' sp. (J. Samsonowicz, 1962), Prosinuites bornholmiensis, Aluta sp., Bradoria sp. (K. Lendzion et aI., 1982), Sabellidites cambriensis, Tyrasotenia podolica, Pilitella composita (W.R. Kowalski, 1983) and Platysolenites antiquissimus (R. Michniak, A.Y. Rozanow, 1969). Trace fossils are not very common, there were recognized:

Planolites montanus, P. beverleyensis, Diplocraterion parallelum.

o

c i e s ~ k i San d s ton e For mat ion was established by S. Orlowski (1975a). It consists of fine-grained, thin- to medium-bedded, hard sandstones, with siltstone and occasional shale intercalations. The greatest thickness of this formation occurs in the middle part of this area, where it includes also the lowermost Middle Cambrian; it is estimated at 1200 m; major part of this thickness reaching 1100 m falls on the Lower Cambrian (S. Orlowski, 1975a, 1985a, 1987;

W. Mizerski et aI., 1986). The body fossils are very common, especially the trilobites (Fig. 2). The Holmia-Schmidtiellus Assemblage Zone within this formation is characterized by trilobites: Holmia marginata, Kjerulfia orcina, Schmidtiellus panowi, S. nodosus, Strenuella polonica, Postfallotaspis spinatus, Atops granulatus (S. Orlowski, 1983, 1985a, c).

The Protolenus-Strenuaeva Assemblage Zone of this formation is documented by trilobites: Ellipsocephalus sanctacrucensis, Strenuaeva orlovinensis. (for complete list of trilobites see S. Orlowski, 1985a and W. Bednarczyk et aI., 1965).

The Insularis Zone of the Middle Cambrian within this formation is evidenced by: Ellipsocephalus puschi, E. guerichi, Com luella opatowi, C. usarzowi (S. Orlowski, 1985b).

Trace fossils are very common and rich in ichnogenera, the most common and interesting are: Monocraterion tenticulum, Planolites montanus, P. beverleyensis, P. annularis, Diplocraterion parallelum, Phycodes palmatum, Rhizocoralliumjenense, Syringomorpha nilssoni, Arcuatichnus wimani, Teichichnus rectus, Cruziana ruso- jormis, Dimorphichnus obliquus, Monomorphichnus lineatus.

K ami e n i e c S h a I e For mat ion was established by S. Orlowski (1975a). The formation is limited to the eastern part of the area and is represented by clay and clay-siltstone shales with fine-grained sandstone intercalations. The thickness of formation is difficult to estimate but it is at least 200 m. The trilobites are less abundant. The Holmia-Schmidtiellus Assemblage Zone inside this forma- tion is documented by: Holmia marginata, Kjerulfia orcina, Micmacca klimontowi (S. Orlowski, 1985a).

The Protolenus-Strenuaeva Assemblage Zone is here very well documened by:

Protolenus expectans, P. glabellosus, Strenuaeva trifida, Serrodiscus primarius (S. Orlowski, 1985a). Trace fossils are rare, there were noticed: Planolites bever- leyensis, Phycodes pedum, Bergaueria perata.

(5)

528 Stanislaw Orlowski MIDDLE CAMBRIAN

This series is divided into four biostratigraphic zones: Insularis, Pinus, Polo- nicus, Solenopleura, characteristic by their index fossils (S. Orlowski, 1985b).

The Usa r z 6 w San d s ton e For mat ion was established by S.

Orlowski (l975a); it is exposed in the eastern part of the area and it comprises sandstones with subordinate clayey and silty shale intercalatlons. The thickness of the formation is about 400 m. Trilobites are very common with: Paradoxides oelandicus, P. insularis, P. pinus, Ellipsocephalus hojJi, Com luella samsonowiczi (for complete list of trilobites see S. Orlowski, 1964, 1985b). Trace fossils are scarce and only Planolites, Arcuatichnus and Cruziana were found.

The S low i e c San d s ton e For mat ion was established by S.

Orlowski (l975a); it is exposed as medium-grained, bedded sandstones and po- orlysorted, often coarse-grained sandstones, thick bedded, light-grey, light-yellow or reddish in colour. Trilobites are very common with: Paradoxides polonicus, P. socius, Ellipsocephalus hoJJi, Solenopleura t rapezo ides , S. minima, Kootenia enigmatica (S. Orlowski, 1985b). Trace fossils are scarce, some Cruziana were

found. '

The G 6 r y Pie p r z 0 w e S h a I e For mat ion was established by S. Orlowski (l975a); it is represented by clayey and silty shales and siltstones, black or dark-grey with thin sandstone intercalations. Its thickness is up to 400 m. The body fossils are not numerous, there are trilobites: Solenopleurina linnarssoni, Solenopleura cf. canaliculata, S. munsteri (S. Orlowski, 1964, 1985b). Badly pre- served agnostids are associated with numerous brachiopod Lingulella vistulae.

Trace fossils are not common, they are: Bergaueria perata, Teichichnus sp.

UPPER CAMBRIAN

Four biostratigraphic zones were recognized: Olenus, Protopeltura, Peltura and Parabolina, characteristed by the index genera (S. Orlowski, 1975a).

The Wi

s

n i 6 w k a San d s ton e For mat ion was established by S. Orlowski (l975a); it consists of thick-bedded, very hard sandstones and quartzites from light-grey to blue with intercalations of siltstones and silty and clayey shales.

The sandstone beds display numerous well preserved sedimentary structures typical to the shallow-water environment, as well as especially rich trilobite ichno- cOenose. The fpssils found here include: "Olenus" rarus, Protopeltura olenusorum, Orusia cf. lenticularis (S. Orlowski, 1968a). Trace fossils are very common with typical: Cruziana sem ip licata, Rusophycus po Ion icus, Bergaueria perata, Diplo- craterion para lie lum , Planolites beverleyensis, Multina magna, Dimorphichnus obliquus, Monomorphichnus lineatus (S. Orlowski et aI., 1970, 1971). The thickness of the formation varies greatly from about 400 to about 1400 m (W. Mizerski, 1979).

The K Ion 6 w k aSh a I e For mat ion was established by S. Orlow- ski (l975a); it comprises shales and siltstones with sandstone intercalations, and is about 400 m thick. Only the lower part of the formation is exposed, the upper part is known from boreholes. Fossils are fairly numerous but occur in nest-like associations. The most characteristic trilobites are: Peltura scarabaeoides scara- baeoides, P. scarabaeoides cf. westergaardi, P. protopeltorum, Beltella irae, Acero- care? klon6wkae, Beltella rotundata, Parabolina acanthura (S. Orlowski, 1968b;

E. Tomczykowa, 1968). In the uppermost part of the formation was found Dic- tyonema sp. Trace fossils are rather rare and they consist of Cruziana semiplicata, Rus(lphycus polonicus, Bergaueria perata, Planolites beverleyensis.

(6)

Stratigraphy of the Cambrian System in the Holy Cross Mts 529 The Holy Cross Group was folded in this region in the local tectonic phase - Sandomirian Phase - which have taken place after the deposition of the Lower Tremadocian. This phase corresponds with the Grampian or Finnmark Phases of the Caledonides in the North-West Europe. The Ordovician strata start to ac- cumulate after a short break in the Upper Tremadocian or Lower Arenigian.

Institute of Geology Warsaw University Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93 Received: 8.02.1988

REFERENCES

BEDNARCZYK W., JURKIEWICZ H., ORLOWSKI S. (1965) - Lower Cambri.an and its fauna from the boring of Zar~by near Lagow (Holy Cross Mts.). Bull. Acad. Pol. Sc. Ser. Sc. Geol.

Geogr., 13, p. 231-236, nr 3.

GUNIA T. (1967) - Cambrotrypa (Tabulata) z metamorfiku Sudetow Zachodnich. Rocz. Pol. Tow.

Geol., 37, p. 417 -428, z. 3.

KOWALSKI W.R. (1983) - Stratigraphy of the Upper Precambrian and lowest Cambrian strata in southern Poland. Acta Geol. Pol., 33, p. 183 -218, nr 1-4.

LENDZION K., MOCZYDLOWSKA M., ZAKOWA H. (1982) - A new look at the Bazow Cambrian sequence (Southern Holy Cross Mts). Bull. Acad. Pol. Sc. Ser. Sc. Terre, 30, p. 67 - 75, nr 1 - 2.

LYDKA K., FILATOWA L.J. (1987) - A review of stratigraphy and some regularities in Precambrian structure of south-eastern part of Poland. 6yn. MOCK. 06. IIIcmlHTaT. npHpOAbl, OTA. reon., 62, CTp. 53-66, N!? 4. MocKBa.

MICHNIAK R., ROZANOW A.Y. (1969) - Nowe dane 0 najnizszym dolnym kambrze Gor Swi~to

krzyskich. Prz. Geol., 17, p. 627 - 628, nr 12.

MIZERSKI W. (1979) - Tectonics of the Lysogory Unit in the Holy Cross Mts. Acta Geol. Pol., 29, p. 1-38, nr 1.

MIZERSKI W., ORLOWSKI S., R6ZYCKI A. (1986) - Tektonika Pasma Ocies~ckiego i Pasma Zamczyska w Gorach Sw~tokrzyskich. K wart. Geol., 30, p. 187 - 200, nr 2.

ORLOWSKI S. (1964) - Kambr srodkowy i jego fauna we wschodniej cz~sci Gor Swi~tokrzyskich.

Studia Geol. Pol., 16, p. 7 -94.

ORLOWSKI S. (1968a) - Upper Cambrian fauna of the Holy Cross Mts. Acta Geol. Pol., 18,p. 257- - 290, nr 2.

ORLOWSKI S. (1968b) - Kambr antykliny lysogorskiej Gor Swi~tokrzyskich. Biul. Geol. Wydz.

Geol. UW, 10, p. 153 - 222.

ORLOWSKI S. (1975a) - Cambrian and Upper Precambrian lithostratigraphic units in the Holy Cross Mts. Acta Geol. Pol., 25, p. 431-448, nr 3.

ORLOWSKI S. (1975b) - Lower Cambrian trilobites from Upper Silesia (Goczalkowice borehole).

Acta Geol. Pol., 25, p. 377 - 383, nr 3.

ORLOWSKI S. (1983) A Lower Cambrian aglaspid from Poland. N. Jb. Geol. PaUiont. Mh., 4, p. 237-241.

ORLOWSKI S. (1985a) - Lower Cambrian and its trilobites in the Holy Cross Mts. Acta Geol. Pol., 35, p. 231-250, nr 3-4.

ORLOWSKI S. (1985b) - New data on the Middle Cambrian trilobites and stratigraphy in the Holy Cross Mts. Acta Geol. Pol., 35, p. 251 - 263, nr 3 -4.

ORLOWSKI S. (1985c) - A trilobite with North American affinity in the Lower Cambrian of Poland.

J. Palaeont., 59, p. 975 -978, nr 4.

(7)

530 Stanislaw Orlowski

ORLOWSKI S. (1987) - Stratigraphy of the Lower Cambrian in the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland. Bull. Acad. Pol. Sc. Ser. Sc. Terre, 35, p. 91-96, nr 1.

ORLOWSKI S., RADWANSKI A., RONIEWICZ P. (1970) - The trilobite ichnocoenosis in the Cambrian sequence of the Holy Cross Mountains. Trace fossils, Geological Journal, Special Issue, 3, p. 345 - 360. Liverpool.

ORLOWSKI S., RADWANSKI A., RONlEWICZ P. (1971) - Ichnospecific variability in the Upper Cambrian Rusophycus from the Holy Cross Mts. Acta Geol. Pol., 21, p. 341- 247, nr 3.

ORLOWSKI S., WAKSMUNDZKI B. (1986) - The oldest Hyolitha in the Lower Cambrian of the Holy Cross Mountains. Acta Geol. Pol., 36, p. 225 232, nr 1 - 3.

SAMSONOWICZ J. (1962) - Lower Cambrian fossils from the Klimontow anticlinorium of the Holy Cross Mts. (Poland). Ksi~ga pamilttkowa ku czci profesora Jana Samsonowicza, p. 2-29. Wyd.

Geol. - PAN. Warszawa.

TOMCZYKOWA E. (1968) - Stratygrafia osadow najwyzszego kambru w Gorach Swi~tokrzyskich.

Pr. Inst. Geol., 54.

ZASADY POLSKlEJ KLASYFIKACJl, TERMINOLOGII I NOMENKLATURY STRATYGRA- FICZNEJ (1975) - Instrukcje i metody badan geologicznych, zesz. 33. Inst. Geol. Warszawa.

Stanislaw ORLOWSKI

STRATYGRAFIA KAMBRU W GORACH SWI~TOKRZYSKICH

Streszczenie

W Polsce mozna wyroznic cztery obszary wyst~powania skal kambryjskich: Gory Swi~tokrzyskie, Sudety (Gory Kaczawskie), Polsk~ polnocnlt i wschodnilt z kambrem typu platform owego oraz Gorny Slltsk (fig. 1). Jedynie na dwoch pierwszych obszarach skaly kambru odslaniajlt si~ na powierzchni, natomiast na pozostalych zostaly poznane za pomoclt otworow wiertniczych. Najbogatszlt dokumentacj~

paleontologicznlt ma kambr Gor Swi~tokrzyskich. Podzialy zarowno litostratygraficzn~, jak i biostraty- graficzne obejmujlt caly profil i slt dokonane zgodnie z Zasadami polskiej klasy(ikacji, terminologii i no- menklatury stratygraJicznej (1975).

Utwory kambru Gor Swi~tokrzyskich osadzily si~ w postaci naprzemianleglych, grubych formacji piaskowcow i lupkow uj~tych w grup~ swi~tokrzysklt; miltzszo§C skal tej grupy wynosi 2500 - 3500 m (fig. 2). Utwory osadzily si~ w otwartym zbiorniku morskim, ktory znajdowal si~ w obr~bie srod- europejskiej geosynkliny kaledonskiej. Skaly kambru omawianego obszaru zostaly sfaldowane po dolnym tremadoku w lokalnej fazie sandomierskiej, ktorlt mozna uwazac za odpowiednik fazy grampianskiej w kaledonidach Szkocji lub fazy Finnmark w kaledonidach Skandynawji.

Swiad organiczny kambru swi~tokrzyskiego stanowilt glownie trylobity i slady' organiczne, a pod-

rz~dnie ramienionogi, hyolity, slimaki, archeocjaty, meduzy i eokrynoidy; dla celow stratygraficznych najwazniejsze slt trylobity. Trylobity z kambru swi~tokrzyskiego, podobnie jak trylobity z innych ob- szarow Polski, nalezlt do atlantyckiej, trylobitowej prowincji zoogeograficznej, a w jej obr~bie do pod- prowincji baltyckiej lub skandynawskiej. Zdecydowana wi~kszosc rodzajow, a nawet gatunkow jest wspolna z obszarem Norwegii, Szwecji oraz Estonii. Kambryjski zbiornik swi~tokrzyski mial tez otwarte polltczenia z innymi zbiornikami, czego dowodem slt trylobity wskazujltce na pokrewienstwa z obsza- rami Maroka, Wielkiej Brytanii, Ameryki Polnocnej, Czech oraz Syberii.

(8)

Streszczenie 531

CTOHHcnOB OPJlOBCKIt1

CTPATllirPACf)III1I KEM5PIII1I B CBEHTOKWIliCKIliX rOPAX

Pe310Me

B nOnbWe MO>KHO BblAenHTb yeTblpe 06nOCTH 30nerOHHJI KeM6pHMCKHX nopoA: CBeHTOKWHCKHe rOpbl, CYAeTbl (KOYOBCKHe rOpbl), CeBep nOnbWH H ee IO>KHOJI YOCTb, rAe 30nerOIOT KeM6pHMCKHe nopoAbl nnOT<popMeHHoro THno, 0 TOK>Ke o6noCTb CeBepHOM Cne3HH (<pHr. 1). TonbKo B AByx nepBblX o6nocTJlx KeM6pHMcKHe OTnO>KeHHJI BblXOAJlT HO nOBepxHocTb, 0 B OCTonbHblX OHH H3yYOnHCb no AOHHblM 6YPOBbiX CKBO>KHH. COMblM 60roTbiM noneoHTOnOrlityeCKHM MOTeplitOn nonyYeH no CBeHTo- KWHCKHM ropOM. JlHTocTpoTHrp0<plltyeCKH lit 611t0CTpOTHrp0<pHyeCKH BeCb p03pe3 pOCyneHJleTCJI B COOTBeTCTBHH. C nonbCKoii cmpamuzpacpu4ecKoii KnaccucpuKa4ueii, mepMuHonozueii U HOMeHKnamypoii (1975).

OCO>KAeHHe KeM6pHMcKHX nopoA B CBeHToKwHCTHX ropox np0IltCXOAHno B BHAe nepeMe>KOIOIl.\Hx- CJI HocnoeHHM MOIl.\HblX CBIltT neCYOHHKOB H cnOHLleB, cseAeHHblX s CseHToKwHCKYIO rpynny; MOIl.\HOCTb nopoA :nOM rpynnbl coq;oBnJleT 2500-3500 M (<pHr. 2). 3TH nopOAbl HOKonnHsonHcb s OTKPblTOM Mope, 30HHMOBweM UeHTponbHo-EBponeMCKYIO KoneAOHCKYIO reOCHHKnIltHOnb. Ho ::nOM TeppHTopHH KeM6plltMCKlite OTnO>KeHHJI 6blnH CMJlTbl B HH>KHeTpeMOAOKCKoe SpeMJI B nOKonbHOM cOHAOMepCKOH

<p03e, KOTOPYIO MO>KHO CYHTOTb OHonorOM rpOMnHOHCKOM <p03bl B KoneAOHHAOX WOTnOHAHH HJ1H

<p03bl 4>HHHMOPK s KoneAOHHAOX CKOHAHHOSHH.

OprOHHyeCKOJl >KH3Hb B CBeHTOKWHCKOM KeM6pHH npeACTOBneHO npeHMyll.\eCTseHHO Tplltn06HTO- Milt H OCTOTKOMH oprOHH3MOS, a TOK>Ke nOAYHHeHHO nneyeHOrIltMH,XHOnHTOMH, rocTponOAOMH, op- XeOLlIltOTOMIIt, MeAY30MIIt H 30KPHHOHAOMH. AnJi CTpOTHrpo<pHIit SO>KHeMWee 3HOyeHHe HMelOT TpHno- 6HTbi. TpHn06HTbi CBeHTOKWHCKoro KeM6pHJI TOK >Ke KOK H ApyrHx 06nOCTeM nonbWH, OTHOCJlTCJI K OTnOHTHyeCKOM TpHno6HTOBOM 300reorpo<pHyeCKOH npOSHHLlHIIt, 0 BHyTpH ee K 60nTHMCKOM HnH CKOHAHHOSCKOM nOAnpOBHHLlHH. PeWHTenbHoe 60J1bWHHCTBO POAOS H AO>Ke BHAOB 3TOM <P0YHbl OHO- nOrHYHbl TeM, KOTopble CBOHCTBeHHbl KeM6pHIO HopBerHH, WseLlHH H 3CTOHHH. KeM6pHMCKHM CBeHTO- KWHCKH*I 60cceHH coo61l.\oncJI TOK>Ke C ApyrHMH MOPJlMH, AOK030TenbCTSOM yero JlBnJlIOTCJI TpHno- 6HTbl, pOACTBeHHble TpHn06HTOM MOPOKKO, BenHKo6pHTOHHH, CesepHOM AMepHKH, 4eXHH H CH6HpH.