R O C Z N I K P O L S K I E G O T O W A R Z Y S T W A G E O L O G I C Z N E G O A N N A L E S D E L A S O C I E T E G f i O L O G I Q U E D E P Q L O G N E
T o m ( V o l u m e ) X X X I X — .1869 Z e s z y t ( F a s c i c u l e ) 1—3 K r a k ó w 1969
H ERBERT ST R A D N E R *w
THE NANNOFOSSILS OF THE EOCENE FLYSCH IN THE HAGENBACH VALLEY (NORTHERN VIENNA WOODS),
AUSTRIA
(PI. L X X X —L X X X IX , 4 Figs.)
Nannofossilien vom Eozän Flysch im Hageribacln Tal (Wienerwald) Österreich
(Taf. L X X X —L X X X I X , 4 Fig.)
A b s t r a c t : A sse m b la g e s of n a n n o fo ssils (sh ell rem ain s of m a rin e ca lcareou s phytoflagella'tes) occurring in th e E ocen e fly s c h of the H agen b ach V a lley in th e N orthern V ien n a W oods, A u stria, w e r e a n a ly sed and th eir occu rren ce listed . B e sid e s 46 n a n n o fo ssil sp e c ie s of T ertia ry age, also rew ork ed n a n n o fo ssils from L o w er and Upper C retaceous w e r e recorded. T he n a n n o fo ssil a ssem b la g es w e r e fou n d to b e ty p ica l for th e „M arth asterites trib r a c h ia tu s-Z o n e ” and are con sid ered to be o f L ow er E ocene age. T w o n ew su b zo n es, th e „ S c y p h o s p h a e r a c o lu m e l l a S u b zo n e”
(low er L ow er E ocene) and th e „ S c y p h o s p h a e r a t u b ic e n a Subzone" (m id d le L o w e r Eocene) are proposed on a ccou n t of tw o sp ecies of th e gen u s S c y p h o s p h a e r a , w h ic h are d escribed as n e w to scien ce. T h e n a n n op la n k to n zonation of fly s c h se d im e n ts from th e P a ie o ce n e and E ocene of A u stria, C zech o slo v a k ia , P oland and S w itz e r la n d is d iscu ssed and correlated.
PR EFA C E
„N annofossil” is a general term used for describing very sm all calc
areous shell elem ents occurring in marine sedim ents from Jurassic to Recent and measuring no more than 3— 40 microns. The m ajority of nannofossils is produced by phytoflagellates (Coccolithineae), who inside their plasmatic cell-body secrete the elliptical or circular plates or rings, tubes or polygonal elem ents. Besides the coccoliths, the shell ele
ments of the Coccolithineae, also the discoasters, star-or rosette-shaped elem ents derived from calcareous flagellates, can be used as gu id e-fossils for a detailed zonation of marine sediments.
This paper is intended to dem onstrate once more, that flysch sedim ents of m any places are very rich in fossils, not in m ega- nor in m icrofossils, but in nannofossils. This statem ent, which is considered to be a positive addition to our traditional view of the flysch as a sedim ent poor in bodily preserved fossils, m ight be of interest not only to paleontologists and paleo-ecologists, but also for stratigraphers and petroleum geologists.
* A d dress: Dr H erb ert S ' t r a d n e r , G eo lo g isch e B u n d esa n sta lt, R a s u m o fs k y - gasse 23, A 1031 W ien III, Ö sterreich .
26*
— 404 —
A lready back in 1873 G u m b e l proved that some Eocene marls contain „800 billions of coccoliths per cubic m eter!” (his exclam ation mark). For literature and data on nannofossils in Eocene marls of the Central European Flysch sedim ents the reader may refer to the follow ing papers: B e n e s o v a & H a n z l i k o v a (1962), B r i x (1961), B y - s t r i c k a (1963, 1964, 1965), H a y (1964), H a y & S c h a u b (1960), R a d o m s k i (1967,1968), S t r a d n e r (1961,1962,1964).
O n t h e G e o l o g y o f t h e H a g e n b a c h V a l l e y
The V alley of the Hagenbach is situated in the northern part of the Vienna Sandstone Zone or Flyschzone (K ii p p e r, 1962, 1965) and cuts through Upper Cretaceous and Lower Eocene sedim ents alternativ
ely. Due to the erosion caused by the Hagenbach brook a deep creek exposes several natural outcrops along its course. The sam ples were taken from m arly shales intercalating w ith flysch sandstones, dipping 40— 70° SE to SSE in the middle part of the valley, where the Lower
Eocene is exposed. /
For more detailed inform ation on the Geology of the Flysch of the Vienna Woods the reader is referred to ,,Geologie von W ien” (H. K ii p - p e r 1965) and to R. G r i 1 1 1968 and the literature quoted therein; for more information on the outcrops of the Hagenbach V alley and their lithology turn to the preceeding paper by F. B r i x (same volum e, p. 455), in w hich also a map w ith the position of the outcrops is shown (fig. 2).
The main bulk of fossils w ithin the Flysch sedim ents exposed in the Hagenbach V alley are calcareous nannofossils. There are also arenaceous foraminifera, which are dealt w ith in the follow ing paper by W. G r ii n (same volume, p. 305) and some nondescript planctonic Globigerinidae,
which unfortunately are in a very poor state of preservation.
SY ST E M A T IC D E SC R IP T IO N S
The follow ing descriptions of calcareous nannofossils deal only with such forms that can be recognized and determined w ith the help of the light microscope. Sm aller forms falling into the scope of electron m icro
scopy are omitted.
Among the described forms two main groups can be discerned: 1) the star- and rosette-shaped d i s c o a s t e r s , derived from heterotrophic marine unicellular calcareous flagellates, and 2) elliptical, round, rhom- bical, polygonal or tubular c o c c o l i t h s , derived from phototrophic unicellular marine calcareous flagellates. The coccoliths can be sorted into two subgroups in respect to the life-cycle of the phytoflagellate, which produced them: the holococcoliths, derivates of the m otile, flagel
late phase and the heterococcoliths, derivates of the non-m otile, afla- gellate phase of the life-cycle.
Both groups of the discoaster- and coccolith-assem blage contain spe
cies of Stratigraphie importance; some previously neglected species
can be applied in addition to the recognized zone-markers as new
guide-fossils or m arker-fossils for a more detailed zonation of the Eocene.
— 405 —
L IS T OF N A N N O F O S S IL S EN CO UN TER ED IN THE „M A R T H A S T E P d T E S T R I B R A C H I A T U S ZO NE” OF THE H A G E N B A C H V A LL EY , A U S T R IA
Ordo: CO CC O LITH O PH O R ALES S c h i l l e r 1926 Subordo: D I S C O A S T E R 1 N E A E K a m p t n e r 1967
F am ilia: Di s c o a s t e r o m o n a d a c e a e B u r s a 1965 ( = D i s c o a st e r i da e T a n S i n H o k 1927) G enus: Di s co a st e r T a n S i n H o k 1927
D. bi nodos us D. e legans D. cf. g e m m i f e r D. fj£liiliitiUH D. k u e p p e r i D. l enti cular is D. lodoensi s D. m i r u s
D. m u l t i r a d i a t u s D. sa li sb ur ge ns is
G enus: M a r t h a s t e r i t e s D e f l a n d r e 1959 M. t ri b r a c h i a t u s
Subordo: C O C C O L I T H I N E A E K a m p t n e r 1928 F am ilia: Coc co li tha cea e K a m p t n e r 1928
T ribus: Co cc ol it heae K a m p t n e r 1958 Subtribus: Co cc ol it hi na e K a m p t n e r 1958
G enus: C a m p y l o s p h a e r a K a m p t n e r 1963 C. d el a
G enus: C h i a s m o l i t h u s H a y , M o h l e r & W a d e 1966 C. b i de n s
C. gr and is
G enus: Coc col it hus S c h w a r z 1894 C. bi sulcus
C. c r i b e l l u m C. eopelagi cus C. m a c e l l u s C. pe lag i cus C. p e t r i n u s n. sp.
G enus: R e t i c u l o f e n e s t r a H a y , M o h l e r & W a d e 1966 R. cf. p l a c o m o r p h a
Subtribus: Cy cl ococ col it hi nae K a m p t n e r 1958 G enus: Cy c lo co c co li t hus K a m p t n e r 1954
C. g a m m a t i o n
G enus: C yc l o l i t h e l l a L o e b l i c h & T a p p a n 1963 C. r o b u s ta
Sub tribus: R h a b d o s p h a e r i n a e S t r a d n e r 1968 + G enus: R h a b d o s p h a e r a H a e c k e l 1894
R. h er cul ea n. sp.
R. cf. pi ng ui s R. t r u n ca ta
G en u s: B l a ck i t e s H a y & T o w e 1962 B. c r e b e r
Sub tribus: S y r a c o s p h a e r i n a e K a m p t n e r 1958 G enus: S c y p h o s p h a e r a L o b m a n n 1902
406 —
S. a p st e i n i S. cf. ga l ean a S. c o l u me ll a n. sp.
S. t u bi c e n a n. sp.
T ribus: Zy g o s p h a e r e a e K a m p t n e r 1958 S u b trib u s: Z y g o li th i na e S t r a d m e r 1968 + +
G en us: Hel iort hus B r o n n i m a n & S t r a d n e r 1960 H. c oncinnus
H. j unc tu s H. f a l l a x
G enus: N eo c oc co l it he s S u j k o w s k i 1931 N. d ub ius
S u b trib u s: Z y g o s p h a e r i n a e K a m p t n e r 1958 G enus: Z y g r h a b l i t h u s D e f l a n d r e 1959
Z. b i ju ga t u s
T rib u s: Po nt o s p h a e r e a e H a y 1966++ +
G en u s: Di scoli thina L o e b l i c h & T a p p a n 1963 D. pl ana
D. p ul chr a
D. p ul c h e ro i d e s
G enus: H e l i c o p on t o sp ha e ra H a y & M o h l e r 1967 H. s e m i n u l u m
T rib u s: Cal cios ol enie ae K a m p t n e r 1958 G enus: S c ap ho l i t h us D e f l a n d r e 1954
S. fossilis
F a m ilia : B r a a r u d o s p h a e r a c e a e D e f l a n d r e 1947 G enus: B r a a r u d o s p h a e r a D e f l a n d r e 1947
B. b ig el owi
G en u s: M i c r a nt h o l i t hu s D e f l a n d r e 1954 M. v e s p e r
F am ilia : S p h e n o l i t h a c e a e V e k s h i n a 1959 G enus: S p h e n o l i t h u s D e f l a n d r e 1952
S. r adians
F a m ilia : T ho r ac o s p h a e r a c e a e S c h i l l e r 1930 G enus: T h o r a c o s y h a e r a K a m p t n e r 1927
T. d e f l a n d r e i
In certa e sedis: G enus Cl a thr o li th us D e f l a n d r e 1954 C. e ll ip t i cu s
+ T y p e genus: B l a c k i t e s B l a c k & T o w e 196.2
"i" r T yp e genus: N e oc oc co l it he s S u j k o w s k i 1931 r + - T y p e 'genus: P o n t o s p h a e r a L o h m a n n 1902
Due to the new inform ations on the nannofossil ultrastructure made available since the application of electron microscopy and scanning m icroscopy the system atics of the nannofossils has been brought into a state of turmoil. Of some species the electron microscopical docum en
tation is rather complete, of others only partial inform ation is available '(for example: proxim al view known, distal view unknown), of others only light microscopical photographs or drawings are published. There
fore the older system s of nannofossils, based on fragm entary evidence, just the same as the system offered here, can be considered as „tentative”
m erely, because it has become clear, that the ultrastructure visible in
the electron microscope alone w ill furnish reliable criteria for a natural
system of nannofossils, especially of the coccoliths.
— 407 —
A fter the pioneering work b y K a m p t n e r since 1944 and by D e- f l a n d r e & F e r t since 1952 and D e f l a n d r e & D u r r i e u 1957 many instructive electron micrographs show ing the ultrastructure of nannofossils have been published ( A d a m i k e r , Be , B e r n h e i m, B l a c k , B r a a r u d , B r a m l e t t e , C o h e n , D e f l a n d r e , D u r r i e u , E d w a r d s , F a r i n a c c i , F l i i g e l , F e r t , G a a r d e r , G a r t n e r , G r u n a u , H a l i d a 1, H a y , H o n j o , K a m p t n e r , L e c a l , M a r k a l i , M a r t i n i , M a r e s c h , M c I n t y r e , M o h l e r , N o e l , P a r k e , R e i n h a r d t , S h u m e n k o , S t r a d n e r , T o w e, V e k s h i n a , W a d e , W a t a b e, W i l b u r , et al.).
For system atic work in this group of fossils the follow ing books are very useful:
D e f l a n d r e & D e f l a n d r e - R i g a u d : Fichier M icropaleontolo- gique General — Series 17 et 18: Nannofossiles calcaires I & II, Edi
tions du C.N.R.S. Paris.
L o e b l i c h & T a p p a n : Annotated Index and Bibliography of the Calcareous Nannoplankton; Phycologia, vol. 5, nr 2 & 3, 1966.
For practical work in the paleontological laboratory the light micro
scope also in future tim es w ill take the main share of work to solve stratigraphical and paleoecological problems. From this point of view pictures and descriptions of nannofossil-assem blages based on light micro
scopical observation only, just as the ones offered here, seem to be justified even after so much progress in electron microscopy. Thus, if the follow ing pages are of help in routine work on the stratigraphy o f marine sedim ents in general and on flysch stratigraphy in special, th ey have served their purpose.
Discoaster binodosus M a r t i n i
P la te L X X X II, fig . 1, 4
1958 Di s co a st e r b i no do sus M a r t i n i ; p. 362, pi. 4, fig s. 18a, b.
1961 Di s co as te r bi nodos us M a r t i n i ; S t r a d n e r & P a p p, p. 66, p. 4, fig s. 1, 7, pi. 5, fig s. 1— 6, t e x t - fig . 8/4.
1963 Di sc oa st er bi nod os us M a r t i n i ; B y s t r i c k ä , p. 275, pi. 2, fig s. 5— 6.
1965 Di s co a st e r bi no do sus M a r t i n i ; B y s t r i c k ä , p. 8.
1967 Di s co a st e r bi nodosus M a r ' t i n i ; R a d o m s k i , p. 388.
1967 Di s co as te r bi nodos us M a r t i n i ; H a y & M o h l e r , p. 1538.
1968 Di s co a st e r bi nodos us M a r t i n i ; S a m u e l & B y s t r i c k ä , p. 122, 124.
A steroliths w ith 5 to 9 rays w ith pointed or nodged tips, w hich are flanked by two lateral nodes.
Common from Upper Paleocene (,,Discoaster multiradiatus Zone”) to Eocene. Very similar to Discoaster tani nodijer, which m ight have been m istaken for Discoaster binodosus in Upper Eocene sedim ents b y some authors. Therefore the upper lim it of the occurrence of Discoaster bino
dosus is still uncertain.
Discoaster elegans B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n
P la te L X X X , figs. 7, 8, 10; te x t-fig . 1/4
1961 Di sc oa st er s t r a d n e r i M a r t i n i , p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 22, pi. 5, fig . 52 (non D.
s t r a d n c r i N o e l 1960).
— 4108 —
1961 D i s c oa st e r e legans B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 159, pi. 11, fig s. 16a, b.
1963 D i s c o a st e r e le ga ns B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , B y s ’t r i c k a , p. 277, pi. 3, fig s. 2— 6.
1964 Di s co as te r e le ga ns B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ; B y s t r i c k a , p. 215, pi. 5, fig . 7.
1967 D i s c oa st e r elegans B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ; R a d o m s k i , p. 389.
1968 D i s c o a st e r e legans B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ; S a m u e l & B y s t r i c k a , p. 122, 126.
A steroliths w ith 11—15 pointed segm ents, w hich on their concave side show concentric lines formed b y tw o to four parallel ribs. Stem not flaring, but rounded and sm aller than in Discoaster kue ppe ri S t r a d- n e r.
From Lower Eocene to Upper Eocene. In the Lower Eocene of the Hagenbach V alley also interm ediary forms betw een D. kuepperi and D.
elegans.
Discoaster cf. gemmifer S t r a d n e r
■Plate L X X X II, fig s. 5— 10 1961 D i s c o a st e r g e m m i f e r , p. 86, fig. 83.
1961 D i s c o as t er g e m m i f e r S t r a d n e r ; S t r a d n e r & P a p p, p. 69, pi. 8, fig s.
1— 10, pi. 9, fig s. 1— 5, 'tex t-fig . 6, 7/1, 8/6.
1968 D i s c o as t er g e m m i f e r S t r a d n e r ; S a m u e l & B y s t r i c k a , p. 122.
A steroliths w ith 4—10 rays. Tips w idely bifurcating w ith adjacent lateral nodes. Highly variable and difficult to delim it from similar species (P. distinctus, D. deflandrei). Lower Eocene to low er Middle Eocene.
Discoaster gemmeus S t r a d n e r
P la te L X X X , fig. 3
1959 D i s c o a s t e r g e m m e u s S t r a d n e r , p. 1086, te x t-fig . 21.
1961 Di s coa s te r g e m m e u s S t r a d n e r ; S t r a d n e r & P a p p , p. 77, pi. 12, fig s.
1, 2, 4, 8, te x t-fig . 8/13.
1963 D i s c o as t er g e m m e u s S t r a d n e r ; i n G o h r b a n d t , p. 79, pi. 11, fig s. 4, 5.
1964 D i s c o a s t e r g e m m e u s , S t r a d n e r ; B y s t r i c k a , p. 214, pi. 5, fig . 11.
1965 D i s c o as t er cf. g e m m e u s S t r a d n e r ; B y s t r i c k a , p. 7.
1967 D i s c o as t er g e m m e u s S t r a d n e r ; H a y & M o h l e r , p. 1538, pi. 204, fig s . 19— 21; pi. 206, fig s. 3, 5.
1968 D i s c o a s t e r cf. g e m m e u s S t r a d n e r ; S a m u e l & B y s t r i c k a , p. 121— 122.
Prim itive heliodiscoasters w ith 8— 18 blunt segm ents. No stem, but a central crater on the conical side (fad es inferior). Guide fossil of the ,,Discoaster gemmeus Zone”. Apparently the rare specim ens of the Ha
genbach V alley were reworked into the Lower Eocene from exposed Paleocene sediments.
Discoaster kuepperi S t r a d n e r
P la te L X X X , fig s. 6, 9, 11 and 12; te x t-fig . 1/1— 3 1959 D i s c o as t er k u e p p e r i S t r a d n e r , p. 478, fig s. 17, 21.
1961 D i s c o a s t e r k u e p p e r i S t r a d n e r ; i n S t r a d n e r & P a p p , p. 93, pi. 27, fig s. 1— 6, t e x t-fig s . 9/6; 16.
1961 Di s co as te r k u e p p e r i S t r a d n e r ; M a r t i n i , p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 29.
— 40.9 —
1961 D i s c o a s t e r o i d e s k u e p p e r i ( S t r a d n e r ) B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 163, pi. 13, fig s. 16a, b, 17, 18 a— c, 19.
1963 D i s c o a s t e r o i d e s k u e p p e r i ( S t r a d n e r ) B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ; B y - s t r i c k a, p. 279, pi. 4, fig s. 7— 9.
1964 D i s co as te r oi de s k u e p p e r i ( S t r a d n e r ) B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ; S u l l i v a n , p. 192, pi. 12, fig s. la , b, 2a, b.
1965 D i s c oa st e ro id e s k u e p p e r i ( S t r a d n e r ) ; B y s t r i c k a , p. 8.
1968 D i s c oa st e ro id e s k u e p p e r i ( S t r a d n e r ) B r a m l e ' t t e & S u l l i v a n ; S a m u e l & B y s t r i c k a , p. 122, 125.
10
Fig. 1. D i s c oa st e r k u e p p e r i S t r a d n e r , co n ca v e sid e (1); c o n v e x sid e (2); sid e v ie w o f a sm a ller sp ecim en (3); D i s c o a s t e r el eg ans M a r t i n i , sid e v ie w (4)
Discoasters w ith 7— 10 bluntly pointed segm ents, which on their con
cave side show concentric lines formed by two or three parallel ribs.
Large flaring hollow stem . Characteristic species of the „Marthasterites tribrachiatus Zone”.
Discoaster lenticularis B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n
P la te L X X X , fig s. 1, 2
1961 Di s co a st e r l ent icu la ri s B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 160, pi. 12, fig s. la , b, 2.
1964 D i s co a st e r l enti cular is B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ; S u l l i v a n , p. 42, pi.
10, fig. 10.
1967 Di s co a st e r l en ti cu la ri s B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ; H a y & M o h 1 e r, p. 1521, 1539.
1967 D i s co a st e r l ent icu la ri s B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ; H a y et al., p. 436.
— 410
Discoidal discoasters w ith 20— 26 rays; central area depressed.
Typical occurrence in the „Discoaster multiradiatus Zone” ( B r a m- l e t t e & S u l l i v a n 1961), rare (reworked?) in the Lower Eocene of
the Hagenbach Valley.
Discoaster lodoensis B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l
P la te L X X X I, fig s. 1— 8
1954 Di scoast er lodoensi s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l , p. 398, pi. 39, fig s. 3a, b.
1960 Di sc oa st er lodoensi s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; B r ö n n i m a n n & S t r a d n e r , p. 369.
1961 Di s co as te r lodoensi s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; S t r a d n e r & P a p p , p. 92, pi. 25, fig s. 1— 10, pi. 26, fig s. 1— 6, te x t-fig s . 9/2, 9/3, 24/9.
1961 Di s co as te r lodoensi s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 161, pi. 12, fig s. 4a— b, 5.
1962 Di sc oa st er lodoensis B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; H a y & T o w e , p. 5,14, pi. 10, fig s. 2, 4, 6.
1963 Di sc oa st er lodoensi s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; B y s t r i c k ä , p. 278.
1967 Di s coa s te r lodoensi s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; R a d o m s k i , p. 388.
1967 Di sc oast er lodoensi s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; H a y & M o h l e r , p. 1523.
Stellate asteroliths w ith usually six rays, which are all curved in th e same sense in the plane of the body of the asterolith. Short knobs on one or either side in the center of the flat asteroliths. Large variation in size and in number of rays (3—10).
Very common in the „Marthasterites tribrachiatus Zone” and the
„Discoaster lodoensis Zone” (Lower Eocene).
Discoaster mirus D e f l a n d r e
P la te L X X X II, fig. 2, 3
1954 Di scoast er m i r u s D e f l a n d r e , i n D e f l a n d r e & F e r t , p. 168, tex't- -fig . 118.
1961 Di s co a s te r m i r u s D e f l a n d r e ; S t r a d n e r & P a p p , p. 68, pi. 6, fig s.
1— 6, pi. 7, fig s. 1—5, te x t-fig s . 8/5, 24/7.
1963 Di sc oa st er m i r u s D e f l a n d r e ; B y s t r i c k ä , p. 278, pi. 2, fig . 12.
1964 Di sc oast er m ir u s D e f l a n d r e ; S t r a d n e r , p. 136, te x t-fig . 28.
1965 Di s coa s te r m i r u s D e f l a n d r e ; B y s t r i c k ä , p. 8.
1968 Di sc oa st er m i r u s D e f l a n d r e ; S a m u e l & B y s t r i c k ä , p. 122, 125, 126.
A steroliths with usually 6— 8 heavy rays, which have two term inal and two lateral nodes. Interm ediary forms to Discoaster binodosus M a r t i n i also occurring in the Hagenbach Valley. Lower to Middle Eocene.
Discoaster multiradiatus B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l
P la te L X X X , fig. 5
1954 Di s co as te r m u l t i r a d i a t u s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l , p. 396, pi. 38, fig . 10.
1961 Di sc oast er m u l t i r a d i a t u s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; S t r a d n e r & P a p p , p. 98, pi. 29, fig s. 1— 7, te x t-fig s . 9/9, 16, 24/1.
1963 D i s co as te r m u l t i r a d i a t u s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; B y s t r i c k ä , p. 278, pi. 3, figs. 7— 10.
1964 Di s co a s te r m u l t i r a d i a t u s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; B y s t r i c k ä , p. 216, pi. 7, fig . 1.
1965 D i s co a s te r m u l t i r a d i a t u s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; B y s t r i c k ä , p. 7, 9.
— 411 —
1967 Di s co as te r m u l t i r a d i a t u s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; R a d o m s k i , p. 387.
1967 D i s c oa st e r m u l t i r a d i a t u s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; H a y & M o h l e r , p.
1539, pl. 204, fig . 22, pl. 206, fig s. 1, 4, 7.
1967 D is c oa st e r m u l t i r a d i a t u s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; H a y et al., p. 436.
1968 Di s coa s te r m u l t i r a d i a t u s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; S a m u e l & B y s t r i c k ä , p. 122, 124.
Large, flat rosette-shaped asteroliths w ith 16— 24 segm ents.
Important guide-fossil marking the „Discoaster multiradiatus Zone”
of Upper Paleocene age. Rather rare, apparently reworked in the Lower Eocene of the Hagenbach Valley.
Discoaster salisburgensis S t r a d n e r
P la te L X X X , fig. 4
1961 D i s c o a st e r s al is b ur g ens is S t r a d n e r , p. 84, fig s. 77, 78.
1961 Di s co a s te r s a l is b ur g en si s S t r a d n e r , i n S t r a d n e r & P a p p , p. 96, pl. 28, figs. 3a, b, 5; t e x t-fig s . 18/1— 5, 24/2.
1965 Di s co as te r s al is b ur g en s i s S t r a d n e r ; B y s t r i c k ä , p. 8.
1968 Di s coas te r s al is b ur g en s is S t r a d n e r ; S a m u e l & B y s t r i c k ä , p. 122, 124.
Rosette-shaped discoasters with about a dozen of thick segm ents and a heavy robust stem on the conical side (facies inferior). In side view easy to distinguish from the more delicate, um brella-shaped Discoaster barbadiensis T a n S i n H o k .
Frequent in Upper Paleocene together w ith Discoaster multiradiatus B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; not so common in Lower Eocene (re
worked?).
Marthasterites tribrachiatus ( B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ) D e f l a n d r e
P la te L X X X III, fig. 1— 5
1954 Di s coa s te r t r i b r a ch ia t us B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l , p. 397, pl. 38, fig. 11.
1959 M arth asterites trib ra ch ia tu s ( B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ) D e f l a n d r e , pp.
138, 139.
1960 M a rth asterites t r i b r a c h i a t u s ( B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ) D e f l a n d r e , B r ö n n i m a n n & S t r a d n e r , p. 368, 369, C orrelation Chart.
1961 M a r t h a s t e r i t e s t r ib r ac h i at u s ( B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ) D e f l a n d r e ; S t r a d n e r & P a p p , p. 110, pl. 35, fig s. 1—4, 7; te x t-fig s . 11/5, 11/6, 20/2.
1963 M a r t h a s t e r i t e s t r i b r a ch i at u s ( B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ) D e f l a n d r e ; B y s t r i c k ä , p. 279, pl. 4, fig s. 1— 4.
1964 M a r t h a s t e r i t e s t ri b r a c h i a t u s ( B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ) D e f l a n d r e ; S t r a d n e r , p. 135, 136, te x t-fig . 23.
1965 M a r t h a s t e r i t e s t r i b r a c h i a t u s ( B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ; B y s t r i c k ä , p. 8.
1967 M a r t h a s t e r i t e s t r i b r a c h i a t u s ( B r a m l e ' t t e & R i e d e l ) ; R a d o m s k i , p.
388.
1967 M a r t h a s t e r i t e s t r i b r a ch i at u s ( B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ) ; H a y & M o h l e r , p. 1522.
Three-rayed asteroliths w ith variation in the form of their tips (rounded or nodged) and the width of their rays (parallel-edged or taper
ing). Curvature of the rays only to be seen in side-view .
G uide-fossil of the ,,Marthasterites tribrachiatus Zone”, in which it
occurs together w ith Discoaster lodoensis. Its first occurrence lies already
at the base of the „Discoaster binodosus Zone”.
— 412 —
Chiasmolithus bidens ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) H a y , M o h l e r & W a d e
P la te L X X X V , fig s. 9— 11
1961 Coc co li thus b i de n s B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 139, pi. 1, fig . 1.
1966 C h i a s m o l i t h u s b i d e n s ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) H a y , M o h l e r &
W a d e , p. 388.
Central area of the elliptical placoliths open and spanned by a dia
gonal cross. Sm all tooth-like projections into the central area occasionally present, but th ey are not a reliable sym ptom (!). According to B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n this species is to be considered the progenitor of Chiasmolithus grandis ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) H a y , M o h l e r & W a d e .
Possibly reworked from Paleocene.
Chiasmolithus grandis ( B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ) H a y , M o h l e r & W a d e
P la te L X X X V , fig s. 12— 14
1954 Coc co li thus g r and is B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l , p. 391— 392, pi. 38, fig . la , b.
1961 Coc col it hus gr andi s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l , B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 140, pi. 2, fig s. la , b, 2a— c, 3.
1966 C h i a s m o l i t h u s g r a n di s ( B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ) H a y , M o h l e r & W a - d e, p. 388.
U nusually large placoliths w ith the wide central w indow spanned by a diagonal x-shaped structure. Four tooth-like projections are directed towards the inner of the central opening. Fine striation of the rim is show n in pi. LXXXV, fig. 14.
Typical species of Lower and Middle Eocene.
Coccolithus bisulcus S t r a d n e r
P la te L X X X IV , fig . 7— 10
1963 Coc co li thus bi sulcus S t r a d n e r , i n G o h r b a n d t , p. 72, pi. 8, fig s. 3— 6, te x t-fig s . 3 (la , b).
Placoliths w ith two longitudinal slots in their central area closer to the margin that in Coccolithus pelagicus. A n electronmicrograph publish
ed by H a y & M o h l e r 1967, pi. 197, fig. 6 of the distal view indicates some sim iliarity w ith the genus Reticulojenestra.
Possibly reworked from Paleocene.
Coccolithus cribellum ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) S t r a d n e r
P la te L X X X V , fig. 5—8
1961 Co c co l it hi te s c r i b e l l u m B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 151, pi. 7, fig s. 5a, b, 6a, b.
1962 Coc col it hus c r i b e l l u m ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) S t r a d n e r , p. 178.
1964 Coc co l it hus c r i b e l l u m ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) S u l l i v a n , p. 181, pi. 3, fig . 5a, b.
1965 Coc col it hus c r i b e l l u m ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) S u l l i v a n , p. 31, pi. 3, figs. la , b, 2a, b, 3a, b, 4a, b.
Elliptical placoliths w ith large central area perforated b y several
row s of fine pores and a fain tly visible axial cross (pi. LXX XV , fig. 5).
— 413 —
In phase contrast and betw een crossed nicols another, but diagonal, cross becom es visible (pi. LXXXV, figs. 6— 8). Possibly this species is closely related to Arkhangelskiella cy mbijo rm is V e k s h i n a , w here similar subdivision of the central area are to be found.
Lower and Middle Eocene.
Coccolithus eopelagicus B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l
P la te L X X X IV , fig. 11
1954 T r e m a l i t h u s e op e la gi cu s B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l , p. 392, pi. 38, fig s. 2a, b.
1968 Coc col it hus e ope la g i cu s ( B r a m l e t t e & R i e d e l ) ; S t r a d n e r & E d w a r d s , p. 15, pi. 6.
and
Coccolithus pelagicus ( W a l l i c h ) S c h i l l e r
P la te L X X X IV , fig s. 12— 14
1877 Co c c os p ha e ra p e l ag i cu s W a 11 i c h, p. 348, pi. 17, fig s. 1, 2— 7, 10.
1930 Coc col it hus pe la gi cus (W a 11 i c h) S c h i l l e r , p. 246, B ild 123.
1967 Coccol it hus pel agi cus (W a l l i c h ) S c h i l l e r ; M c I n t y r e , B e & P r e i le
s t a s, p. 11, pi. 4, fig s. A — B.
Elliptical placoliths w ith larger distal and sm aller proxim al curved shields. Central area closed except for one longitudinal central window (C. eopelagicus) or a longitudinal groove (C. pelagicus), w hich in light microscope appears pronounced near the foci of the ellipse. Both of the above species designations are uncertain regarding their generic affilia
tion, as only light microscopic pictures are available. Electronmicrographs from proxim al shields given in recent literature indicate that the generic system for the „coccoliths sensu stricto” is likely to be subject to changes.
Coccolithus macellus ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) S t r a d n e r
P la te L X X X IV , fig s. 18— 20
1961 Cocc ol it hi te s m a c e l l u s B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 152, pi. 7, fig s. 11— 13.
1963 Coccol it hus m a c e l l u s (B r a m 1 e 11 e & S u l l i v a n ) S t r a d n e r , i n G o h r - b a n d t,- p. 75, pi. 8, fig s. 7— 9, t e x t-fig s . 3/3a, b.
V ery thin placoliths w ith compressed flat shields and a longitudinal groove in the central area. In normal light this species is almost invisible, in phase contrast not very conspicuous, but under crossed nicols extra
ordinary bright. V ery rare.
A pparently reworked from Paleocene.
Coccolithus petrinus nov. spec.
P la te L X X X IV , fig s. 1— 6 D e r i v a t i o n of nam e: p e t r i n u s (lat.) = from th e rocks.
H o 1 o t y p e: Prep. H V 1968/1 (figs. 1— 3).
L o c u s t y p i c u s : H a gen b ach V a lley , L o w e r A u stria, S tat. 4.
S t r a t u m t y p i c u m : Lcxwer E ocen e.
Syn. Coccol it hus cf. p e la gi c us ( W a l l i c h ) ; B o u c h e , p. 83, pi. 1, fig. 24.
D i a g n o s i s : Elliptical placoliths w ith proximal and distal plate,
the central area perforated by two circular pores. Transversal bridge not
as pronounced as in the larger Coccolithus crassipons B o u c h e . Rare.
— 414 —
Campylosphaera dela ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) H a y & M o h l e r
P la te L X X X V , fig s. 1—4
1961 Coc co l it hi te s de lus B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 151— 152, pl. 7, fig s.
l a — c, 2a, b.
1963 C a m p y l o s p h a e r a b r a m l e t t e i K a m p t n e r , p. 150— 152, pl. 1, fig. 6, te x t-fig . 7.
1967 C a m p y l o s p h a e r a d e l a ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) H a y & M o h l e r , p. 1531, pl. 198, fig . 14.
Elliptical placoliths, the ends of which are inward curved thus giving a subquadrate outline. Central axial cross very delicate and not in all specim ens preserved.
Upper Paleocene to Oligocene.
Reticulofenestra c f. placomorpha ( K a m p t n e r ) S t r a d n e r
P la te L X X X IV , fig. 15— 17
1948 T r e m a l i t h u s p l a c o m o r p h u s K a m p t n e r , p. 7, pl. 2, fig. 11.
1956 Coccolithibs p l a c o m o r p h u s K a m p t n e r , p. 10.
1965 Coc col it hus u m b i l i c u s L e v i n , p. 265, pl. 41, fig . 2.
1966 R e t i c u l o f e n e s t r a caucasica H a y , M o h l e r & W a d e , p. 386—387, pl. 2, fig . 5, pl. '3, figs. 1—2, pl. 4, fig s. 1— 2.
1968 R e t i c u l o f e n e s t r a p l a c o m o r p h a ( K a m p t n e r ) S t r a d n e r , i n S t r a d n e r
& E d w a r d s , p. 22, pl. 19—21, 22, fig. 1— 3; pl. 23, 24, 25, fig s. 1, 2; t e x t - fig . 2A.
The Lower Eocene specim ens of the Hagenbach V alley appear sligh tly more rounded than the Upper Eocene ones; the diam eters of the central area are sm aller than one third of the overall diam eters of the broad- -elliptical placoliths.
Not very common.
Cyclococcolithus gammation ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) S u l l i v a n
P la te L X X X V I, fig s. 5— 7
1961 Co cc ol it hi te s g a m m a t i o n B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 152, pl. 7, fig s.
7a— c, 14a— b.
1964 C yc lo co cc ol it hus g a m m a t i o n ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) S u l l i v a n , p.
181, pl. 3, fig s. 7a, b.
Circular placoliths consisting of two convex plates; in polarized ligh t the proximal plate shows an extinction cross w ith strongly curved lines resem bling a swastika. Common.
Lower to Middle Eocene.
Cyclolithella robusta ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) nov. comb.
P la te L X X X V I, fig s. 1— 4
1961 C y c l o l i t h u s ? r o b u s t u s B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 141, pl. 2, fig . 7a— c.
1963 Cy c l ol i t he l l a L o e b l i c h & T a p p a n , p. 192 (nom. su b st. pro C y c l o l i t h u s K a m p t n e r e x D e f l a n d r e , 1952, non K o e n i g , 1825, C oelen terata).
Circular grooved rings w ith w ide open central window. Generic assignm ent w ithout electron microscopical exam ination uncertain.
First described from Middle Paleocene of California.
— 4115t —
Rhabdosphaera herculea nov. spec.
P la te L X X X IX , fig s. 9— 11
D e r i v a t i o n of name: Hercules = name of hero (Greek M ythology).
H o l o t y p e : HV 1968/4 (figs. 9, 12).
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Hagenbach Valley, Northern Vienna Woods, Lower Austria Stat. 4 and 14.
S t r a t u m t y p i c u m : Lower Eocene, „Marthasterites tribrachiatus Zone”.
D i a g n o s i s : Rhabdoliths w ith shaft in form of a large hollow tube, w hich is sligh tly constricted in its proxim al quarter and slow ly flaring towards its wide open distal opening. Striation of shaft enclosing an angle of about 70° w ith the direction of the m ain axis. Some specimens w ith shaft sligh tly tapering in its distal half. Greatest diam eter of shaft equal or greater than that of basal plate.
U sually only the „cluib-shaped” shafts w ithout basal plate are en
countered. Therefore a zone of minor resistance can be expected within the collar-zone or betw een the collar and the basal plate.
Rhabdosphaera cf. pinguis D e f l a n d r e
P la te L X X X IX , fig s. 13— 15
1954 R h a b d o l i t h u s pi ng ui s D e f l a n d r e , i n D e f l a n d r e & F e r t , p. 158, pi. 12, fig s. 26, 27.
Rhabdoliths w ith com paratively sm all basal plate and long hollow shaft w hich is som ewhat constricted in the proximal half and tapering to an open tip in its distal half. Differing from the original description b y the sm aller dim ensions of the basal plate.
Lower Eocene — Middle Eocene.
Rhabdosphaera truncata B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n
P la te L X X X IX , fig s. 6— 8
1961 R h a b d o s p h a e r a t r u n c a t a B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 147, pi. 5, fig . 15a, b.
1965 R h a b d o s p h a e r a t r u n c a t a B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 37, pi. 7, fig . l a — c.
Rhabdoliths w ith collar enlarged to about the same diameter as the basal plate or even slightly more. Stem som ewhat constricted in the m iddle part, w ith truncate tip.
Blackites creber ( D e f l a n d r e ) S t r a d n e r
PI. L X X X IX , fig. 4
1954 Rhabdolithxis c r e b e r D e f l a n d r e , i n D e f l a n d r e & F e r ' t , p. 157, pi. 12, fig s. 31— 33, te x t-fig s . 81— 82.
1961 R h a b d o s p h a e r a c r e b r a ( D e f l a n d r e ) B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 146, pi. 5, fig s. 1— 3.
1963 R h a b d o s p h a e r a c r e b r a ( D e f l a n d r e ; H a y & T o w e , p. 953, pi. 1, figs.
2— 5, pi. 2, figs. 1—'5.
1968 B l a c k i t e s c r e b e r ( D e f l a n d r e ) S t r a d n e r , i n S t r a d n e r & E d w a r d s , p. 29.
Rhabdoliths 1 w ith flat conical basal plate, pronounced collar and tapering shaft.
Common in Lower and Middle Eocene.
1 A lso th e th ree R h a b d o s p h a e r a - s p e c i e s describ ed ab ove m ig h t e v e n tu a lly
— 4(16 —
Scyphosphaer\a apsteini L o h m a n n
P la te L X X X IX , fig s. 1— 3
1902 S c y p h o s p h a e r a a p s t e i n i L o h m a n n , p. 132, pl. 4, fig s. 26—30.
1930 S c y p h o s p h a e r a a p s t e i n i L o h m a n n , corr. sc. IC B N A rt. 73, note 3 by S c h i l l e r , p. 126.
1942 S c y p h o s p h a e r a a p s t e i n i L o h m a n n ; D e f l a n d r e , p. 6, fig s. 2, 3— 5, 10— 15.
1967 S c y p h o s p h a e r a a p s t e i n i L o h m a n n ; B r a m l e t t e & W i l c o x o n , p. 107, pl. 10, fig s. 1, 2, 4.
Barrel-shaped lopadoliths w ith vaulted bottom plate, distal side open.
S id e-view contour rather variable.
Lower Eocene to Recent.
A s yet no older occurrence than Oligocene ( B r a m l e t t e & W i l c o x o n ) has been known of this species.
Scyphosphaera cf. galeana K a m p t n e r
P la te L X X X V III, fig s. 1— 3
1967 S c y p h o s p h a e r a g al ea n a K a m p t n e r , p. 149, pl. 9, fig . 68, t e x t - fig . 19.
Lopadolith resem bling in overall dimension the original description, how ever more contracted in the middle part of the tube. In side- view tw ice as high as broad. Possibly related to Scyphosphaera campanula D e f l a n d r e and Scyphosphaera intermedia D e f l a n d r e .
Scyphosphaera columella nov. spec.
Pla'te L X X X V III, fig s. 4— 8
S y n.: 1961 „ Lo p ad o li th fro m Lodo 39”, B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , pl. 5, fig . 19.
D e r i v a t i o n of name: columella (lat.) = sm all pillar.
H o 1 o t y p e: HV 1968/2 (figs. 7— 8).
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Hagenbach Valley, Northern Vienna Woods, Lower Austria, Stat. 400.
S t r a t u m t y p i c u m : Lower Eocene.
D i a g n o s i s : Lopadoliths tube-shaped w ith alm ost parallel side lines, only slightly constricted above the som ewhat w idening bottom -end, which is closed by an inward vaulted plate. No striation of tube or perfo
ration of bottom plate discernable.
Scyphosphaera tubicena nov. spec.
P la te L X X X V III, fig. 9— 12
S y n . : L o p a d o l i t h from L odo 52, B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p l. 5, fig . 20.
D e r i v a t i o n of Name: tubicen (lat.) = ,,trum pet-blower”.
H o l o t y p e : HV 1968/3 (figs. 9— 10).
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Hagenbach V alley, Northern Vienna Woods, Lower Austria, Stat. 2060.
S t r a t u m t y p i c u m : Lower Eocene.
D i a g n o s i s : Trumpet-shaped lopadoliths. In side view shaft w ith parallel contour, flaring towards the bottom, which is closed b y a plane
h a v e to be tran sferred to th e G enus Bl ac ki te s; th at h o w e v e r can b e done only a fter electro n m icro sco p ica l ex a m in a tio n of th eir u ltra stru ctu re.
— 41.7 —
or only slightly vaulted bottom plate. No striation of shaft or perforation of bottom plate recognizable. Proxim al end in m any specim ens damaged and bottom plate missing. Inside often filled w ith substance show ing optical refraction similar to calcite.
Fig. 2. S ch em a tized s id e -v ie w s of E o cen e lo p a d o lith s of th e gen u s S c y p h o s p h a e r a : S c y p h o s p h a e r a a p s t e i n i L o h m a n n (1— 6), S c y p h o s p h a e r a c o lu m e l l a n. sp. (7— 9)
and S c y p h o s p h a e r a t u b i c e n a (10) n. sp.
1961 Zy g o l i t h u s c onc innus M a r t i n i , p. 18, pi. 3, fgi. 35, pi. 5, fig . 54.
1961 Z y g o l i t h u s c hi ast us B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 149, pi. 6, fig s. l a — d, 2a, b, 3a. b.
1967 H el io rt hus c oncinnus ( M a r t i n i ) ; H a y & M o h 1 e r, p. 1533, pi. 199, fig s. 16— 18, pi. 201, fig s. 6— 7, 10.
Narrow elliptical rings bridged by an x-shaped structure, the bars of which inclose smaller angles in transversal direction.
27 R o c z n i k G e o l o g i c z n y t o m X X X I X
1 2 3
4 5 ó
n
10
_ 1 LA LS
7 8 9 10
Heliorthus concinnus ( M a r t i n i ) H a y & M o h l e r
P la te L X X X V II, fig s. 4, 5
— 410 —
Middle to Upper Paleocene; apparently reworked into the Lower Eocene of the Hagenbach Valley.
Heliorthus junctus ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) H a y & M o h l e r
P la te L X X X V II, fig s. 9— 12
1961 Z y g o l i t h u s j u n c t u s S u l l i v a n & B r a m l e t t e , pl. 6, fig. 11a— b, p. 150.
1967 H el io r th us j un c tu s ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) H a y & M o h l e r , p. 1533.
Elliptical rings w ith very narrow cross in transversal direction. Very rare. Probably reworked from Middle Paleocene.
Heliorthus fallax B r o n n i m a n n & S t r a d n e r
P la te L X X X V II, fig. 6—8
1960 He li o r t h u s f a l l a x B r o n n i m a n n & S t r a d n e r , p. 368, fig s. 8— 10.
1961 C h i p h r a g m a l i t h u s c a la thus B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 156, pl. 10, figs. 7a— b, 8— 10.
1963 H e l io r th us f a l l a x B r o n n i m a n n & S t r a d n e r ; B r o n n i m a n n & R i g a s s i, pl. 15, fig s. 3a— f.
1967 H el io r th us f a l l a x B r o n n i m a n n & S t r a d n e r ; H a y & M o h l e r , p. 1533.
1968 H e l io r th us f a l l a x B r o n n i m a n n & S t r a d n e r ; A c h u t h a n & S t r a d n e r (in press).
Subcircular, slightly conical, sturdy rings w ith high wall bridged b y an x-shaped central structure. In Lower Eocene marine sedim ents, usu
ally not frequent.
Neococcolithes dubius ( D e f l a n d r e ) B l a c k
P la te L X X X V II, fig s. 1— 3
1954 Z y g o l i t h u s d u bi u s D e f l a n d r e , i n D e f l a n d r e & F e r t , p. 149, fig s. 43, 44, 68.
1964 C h i p h r a g m o l i t h u s d u bi u s ( D e f l a n d r e ) S u l l i v a n , p. 179, pl. 1, fig . 2.
1967 Ne oc oc co li the s d u bi u s ( D e f l a n d r e ) B l a c k , p. 143.
This species, since 1966 under the genus Neococcolithes S u j k o w - s k i (1931, p. 509, 619, fig. 1 (13) p. 508), occurs regularly throughout the Lower and Middle Eocene; also common in the Barton Clay from the type locality. Its main characteristic is the longitudinally extended x-shaped bridge spanning the high, but narrow elliptical ring.
Zygrhablithus bijugatus D e f l a n d r e
P la te L X X X III, fig s. 6, 7, 10, 11
1954 Z y g o l i t h u s b i jug a tus D e f l a n d r e , i n D e f l a n d r e & F e r t , p. 148, pl. 11,.
figs. 2021; te x t-fig . 59.
1959 Z y g r h a b l i t h u s b i j ug a t us D e f l a n d r e , pp. 135— 136.
1966 S u j k o w s k i e l l a e n i g ma t i c a H a y , M o h l e r & W a d e , p. 397, pl. 13, fig s. 6, 7.
1967 Z y g r h a b l i t h u s b i ju g a t u s D e f l a n d r e ; G a r t n e r , p. 513.
1968 Z y g r h a b l i t h u s b i j ug a t us ( D e f l a n d r e ) ; S t r a d n e r & E d w a r d s , p. 44, pl. 42, 43.
1968 Z y g r h a b l i t h u s b i j ug a t us ( D e f l a n d r e ) D e f l a n d r e ; H a q , p. 40, pl. 7..
fig. 10, pl. 9, figs. 10, 11.
— 4191 —
Zygoform holococcoliths built of m icrocrystals of equal size. To be found more often in side view , when it appears wedge-shaped, than in the elliptical basal or apical view . Very common throughout the Eocene.
Discolithina1 plana ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) L e v i n
P la te L X X X V II, fig s. 15, 16
1961 Di scoli thus p l anus B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 143, pi. 3, fig . 7a— c.
1965 Di scoli thina pl ana ( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) L e v i n , p. 266, pi. 41, figs. 9a— c.
Elliptical discoliths w ithout pores, bisected by a longitudinal groove,, which is indistinct in the center. Lower to Middle Eocene.
Apparently closely related to the genus Pontosphaera L o h m a n n 1902.
Discolithina pulchra ( D e f l a n d r e ) L e v i n
P la te L X X X V II, fig s. 13, 14
1954 Di scoli thus p ul che r D e f l a n d r e , p. 142, pi. 12, fig s. 17, 18.
1965 Di s coli thina p ul chr a ( D e f l a n d r e ) L e v i n , p. 266, pi. 41, fig s. 6a— c.
Elliptical rim which is perforated by one row of concentrical pores;
transversal bridge almost in axial direction, separating two central w in dows. Not clearly separable from the follow ing species in the Lower Eocene of the Hagenbach Valley.
Lower to Upper Eocene.
Discolithina pulcheroides ( S u l l i v a n ) L e v i n & J o e r g e r
P la te L X X X V II, fig s. 17, 18
1964 Di scoli thus p u l c he ro i de s S u l l i v a n , p. 183, pi. 4, figs. 7a, b.
1967 Di s coli thina p u l c he ro i de s ( S u l l i v a n ) L e v i n & J o e r g e r , p. 167, pi. 2, figs. 8a— c.
Elliptical discoliths w ith oblique central bridge. One concentrical row of sm all pores along periphery of the plate; two large oblique central windows.
Lower to Upper Eocene.
Helicopontosphaera seminulum
( B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ) nov. comb.
P la te L X X X V II, fig s. 19, 20
1961 He li co sp ha er a s e m i n u l u m B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n , p. 144, pi. 4, fig s . la — c, 2.
1967 H el i c o p o n t o s p h a e r a H a y et al. nov. gen. p. 488.
1968 He li co s ph ae r a s e m i n u l u m B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n ; S t r a d n e r &
E d w a r d s , pi. 39, 40.
Helicoid discoliths w ith central opening spanned by a thick bar. Coil
ing of the flange anticlockwise.
1 Di s coli thina L o e b l i c h & T a p p a n 1963 (ICZN) = Di sc ol it hus K a m p t - n e r e x D e f l a n d r e 1952 (ICBN), non Di sc ol it hus H u x l e y 1868 (F o r a m in i- ferida). G en eric n am es in both codes leg al.
27*
Lower to Middle Eocene. U sually not so common as Helicoponto- sphaera carteri occurring in Late Tertiary marine sediments.
Scapholithus fossilis D e f l a n d r e
P la te L X X X III, fig s. 13, 14
1954 S c ap h o l i t h u s f ossilis D e f l a n d r e , i n D e f l a n d r e & F e r t, p. 165, pi. 8, fig s. 12, 16, 17.
1968 S c ap ho l i t hu s f ossilis D e f l a n d r e ; S t r a d n e r , A d a m i k e r & M a r e s c h , p. 43, pi. 45, fig s. 1— 5.
Longitudinal parallelogram outlines and identical optical behaviour of parallel flanks betw een crossed nicols mark this slender and easily over
looked nannofossil.
Lower Cretaceous to Pliocene. The recent genera Calciosolenia, Acan- thosoleriia and Anoplosolenia produce very similar coccoliths (H a 11 d a 1
& M a r k a l i 1955, pi. 16, 17).
Braarudosphaera bigelowi
( G r a n & B r a a r u d ) D e f l a n d r e
' T e x t-fig . 3/2, 3
1935 P o n t o s p h a e r a b i g e l o w i G r a n & B r a a r u d , p. 388, fig . 67.
1947 B r a a r u d o s p h a e r a b i g e l o w i ( G r a n & B r a a r u d ) D e f l a n d r e , p. 439, fig s. 1—'5.
Pentagonal elem ents of dodekahedral shells; sparsely occurring in the Lower Eocene of the Hagenbach Valley.
Cretaceous to Recent.
Fig. 3. O ne of th e fiv e se g m e n ts of a p e n ta lith of th e sta r -sh a p e d M ic r a nt h o l i t h u s v e s p e r D e f l a n d r e (1); B r a a r u d o s p h a e r a b i g e l o w i ( G r a n & B r a a r u d ) D e
f l a n d r e , d ista l v ie w of a la rg er (2) and a sm aller (3) sp ecim en
Micrantholithus vesper D e f l a n d r e
T e x ’t-fig . 3/1
1954 M ic r a nt h ol it h us v e s p e r D e f l a n d r e , i n D e f l a n d r e & F e r t , p. 52, pi. 13, fig . 7, te x t-fig s . 5, 115, 116.
Single elem ents of the pentagonal, star-shaped plates are to be found in the sam ple from the Scyphosphaera tubicena Subzone (Sta. 14). A lready B r a m l e t t e & S u l l i v a n 1961 reported on the sim ultaneous occur
rence of Micrantholithus vesper w ith the now new ly described S c y p h o sphaera tubicena (their lopadolith, pi. 5, fig. 20).
Lower Eocene to Miocene.
— 421 —
Spenolithus radians D e f l a n d r e
P la te L X X X III, fig s. 8, 9
1952 S pe n o l i t h u s r ad ia ns D e f l a n d r e , i n G r a s s e , p. 466, figs. 343 J -K , 363 A -G .
In side view w edge-shaped calcareous bodies composed of several radially arranged plates. Possibly closely related to the Paleocene genus Fasciculithus. Common in the Lower Eocene of the Hagenbach Valley.
Thoracosphaera dejlandrei K a m p t n e r
P la te L X X X V I, fig s. 8— 11
1956 T h o r a c os p h ae r a d e j l a n d r e i K a m p t n e r , p. 448, fig. 1—4.
Hollow spherical shells formed of interlocking prismatic elem ents, w hich under crossed nicols show a „jig saw puzzle” pattern. No buccal
opening observed.
Common in Eocene marine sediments.
Clathrolithus ellipticus D e f l a n d r e
P la te L X X X V I, fig . 12; te x t-fig . 4
1954 C l a t hr o li t h u s e l l ip t ic u s D e f l a n d r e , i n D e f l a n d r e & F e r t , p. 169, pi. 12, fig. 19, pi. 14, fig. 7, t e x t-fig s . 123, 124.
Elliptical, calcareous bodies w ith three row s of three to five hexagonal pores arranged in quincunx pattern, sim ilar to a honey comb; additional marginal pores smaller, irregular and partly open in peripheral direction. Rare.
U sually very poorly preserved due to its delicate structure.
Fig. 4. Cl a t h r o l i t h u s e ll i p t i c u s D e f l a n d r e , plan v ie w
R EW O R K IN G OF N A N N O F O S S IL S
Because of their sm all dim ensions coccoliths and discoasters are more readily reworked and redeposited into younger sedim ents than any other group of marine fossils. Larger fossils are shifted as single pieces, w here
as nannofossils are apt to travel in bulk, dozens and hundreds in each sm all partical of nannofossiliferous marl. This transporting out of older deposits and resedim entation into younger marine bottom mud w as caused by turbidity currents m ainly, sw eeping over and eroding w hat had been deposited long before. This process, possibly reproduced more than once during the deposition of the Flysch sediments, has contributed
„foreigner” nannofossils into the indigenous Eocene of the Hagenbach Valley. They came from the
Lower Cretaceous:
Nannoconus steinmanni Nannoconus globulus
Parhabdolithus embergeri et cet.
from the Upper Cretaceous:
;ogq
° o °
— 422 — Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis Lucianorhabdus cayeuxi Micula staurophora Zygolithus crux
Zygolithus litterarius et cet.
For these cretaceous species occurring in the Eocene an extended range can be excluded because of the mass extinction of the nannoplarikton at the M aestrichtian-Danian tim e-boundary, to be observed w orld-w ide in socalled „clean” samples (without any reworked forms). More about it in B r a m l e t t e & M a r t i n i 1964, B r a m l e t t e 1965, H a y &
M o h l e r 1967, T a p p a n 1967.
For the Paleocene species occurring in the Lower Eocene of the Hagenbach Valley there still remains some uncertainty w hether they were all reworked, other whether some of these typical Paleocene species were still occurring in the Lower Eocene, in other words that they had not become extinct yet but were still within their normal stratigraphic range. There are among others:
Discoaster gemmeus Discoaster lenticularis Discoaster multiradiatus Discoaster salisburgensis Coccolithus bidens
Coccolithus bisulcus Coccolithus macellus Heliorthus concinnus Heliorthus junctus
to be mentioned as species occurring already in the Paleocene. In the plates and descriptions only Tertiary nannofossils are shown, all the Cretaceous forms, for which heterochrony and allochthony is evident, w ere excluded. Of the Tertiary species some or even all of the „Pale
ocene” species may be reworked or not. They have been included in plates and text, in order not to omit any possible Eocene occurrence o f them.
N A N N O P L A N K T O N Z O N A T IO N OF PA LEO CENE A N D EOCENE FL Y SC H SE D IM EN T S
