Sketches of volcanic ash beds in cores

(1)

Veronica l u c i a Rubio Galiegos Master in Reservoir Geoiogy Geolechnoiogy

Delft University of Technology

Detailed Financial Budget ofthe R e s e a r c h and Fieldtrip

S P O N S O R S E U R O S

14-6-2005 Molenqraaf Funds 2200,00 14-6-2006 AAPQ (2000 dolars) 1622,32

T O T A L 3022,32

AAPG funds covered: Purchased Services, Operating Supplies and Miscellaneous, and part of the transportation costs.

S P O N S O R S E U R O S

AAPG 1622,32

P U R C H A S E D S E R V I C E S

R E C E I P T tt D A T E COMPANY S E R V I C E S E U R O S

1 30-5-2006 Postkantoor To send the check bv safety service 5,75 2 23-3-2006 Post Bank Student Credit card request 11 18 14-6-2006 Post Bank Check transference 12,3 3 DIk Delforterie 11 Thin Sections 60 euros/thin section 660 4.1 & 4.2

20/06/2005 &

10/06/2006 Nick v a n der Pers 3 X R D 76/sample 226 5 13-12-2004 Pascal Visser 1 X R D 90 euros/sample 90 5 27-5-2005 Pascal Visser 3 X R F 66 euros/sample 195

T O T A L 1199,05

O P E R A T I N G S U P P L I E S & M I S C E L L A N E O U S

R E C E I P T tt D A T E S T O R E P R O D U C T E U R O S

6,1 18-6-2005 TRAVEL MAN Bag Pak 19,96

6,2 19-6-2005 HEMA Eraser 0,65

6,2 20.6-2006 HEMA Pencil shapener 0,60

6,2 21-6-2006 HEMA Pencil box 1,60

6,2 22-6-2006 HEMA Hard cover book-medium size 2,95 6,2 23-6-2005 HEMA Hard cover book-small size 2,96

6,2 24-6-2006 HEMA smali book 2,30

6,2 25-6-2005 HEMA adhesive tape 2,70 6,2 26-6-2005 HEMA Plactic Folder 1,95 6,2 27-6-2006 HEMA Plastic baq for pencils 2,5

6,2 28-6-2005 HEMA Rain coat 24,96

6,2 29-6-2006 HEMA Rain trousers 15,95 7 26-6-2005 • v n a b v t e Camera case 10,96 8,1 25-6-2005 CREW Mountain boots 65 8,2 25-6-2006 Lenta Measuring tape 3,96 8,3 30-6-2065 V&D Color pencils 3

8,4 25-6-2006 Etos suncream 18

9,1 26-6-2005 Hema Walking socks 9,9 9,2 25-6-2005 Aktie Sport Waler Bottle 3,95

T O T A L 193,50

T O T A L P u r c h a s e d S e r v i c e s , Operating Supplies and P/liscellaneous

Molenqraaf Funds covered: Transportation and subsistence costs of lhe Fieldtrip,

S P O N S O R S E U R O S

Molengraaf Funds 2200

C U R R E N C Y E X C H A N G E

R E C E I P T tt D A T E T R A N S P O R T A T I O N RAND EUROS

10 Julv 1-11 KLM AlPLANE TICKET 770,89

1 1 , 1 & 1 1 . 2 J u l v S S 11 SA NATIONAL ROADS Taxes 36 4,47 17 Julv 4-11 Hertz Car Hire 6747,12 713.65 12,3 J u l y s Ceres Gasoline 742,52 82,19 13 Julv 11 Supa Quick Ceres Spare Tyre 1372,61 170,42 12,1 July 11 Sample transportation Baq 226,85 28,17

T O T A L 1779,69

R E C E I P T # D A T E S U B S I S T E N C E fiAND EUROS

13 J u l v l Deltax Taxi home Delft trein station 10 13,2 J u l v l Airport-Casino Delli Snaks 4,2

11,3 Julv 2 Last Minute shop Snaks 5,5

11,4 Julv 2 Kloof Street Spar Various 79,8 9,9 13,3 Julv 2 Master currency Transaction fee 21,3 2,64 14,1 Julv 4 BP Airport Services Snaks 6,5 0,81 15 Julv 5 -6 BANK transactions withdraw money 3,75 14,2 Julv 11 Bokkeveld Kafee Snaks 16,9 2,10 14,3 Julv 4 Hotel Road Lodge, Cape Town 1 night 277,76 34,48 14,3 Julv 5 Hotel Road Lodge, Cape Town Call card 50 6,21 16 Julv 6-11 Inverdoorn Lodge 6 nlqhts 4663,37 577,75

12,2 Julv 11 Dinner 60 6,2t T O T A L 663.56 T O T A L Transportation and S u b s i s t e n c e FUNDING 3822,32 FINAL C o s l s 3835,80 B a l a n c e -13,48

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Appendix A

Sketches of volcanic ash beds in cores

(3)

Figure A-1: NB2-72,20 m Figure A-3: NB2-81.45 m A- • r 4 ' Figure A-5: NB2-85.46 m ^ ~- " ' I Jinn l.t^i:-Figure A-7: NB2-88.31 m Figure A-2: NB2-81.11 m Figure A-4: NB2-82.92 m Figure A-6: NB2-86.48 m Figure A-8: NB2-89.20 m Figure A-9: NB2-89,31 m Figure A-10: NB2-89.84 m

Veronica Lucfa Rubio Galiegos M.Sc.

(4)

69

1 I

Figure A-11: NB2-96.50 m Figure A-12: NB2-97.20 m

Figure A-13: NB2-97.47 m '.>..V, v , l . Figure A-14: NB2-101.43 m Figure A-15: NB2-102.21 m „ ' . < ' . . t " \ , - - ^ ' Figure A-16: NB2-103.52 m * ' t i , i C - i B j . ' i s i , ! » . _ - y r

Figure A-19: NB2-110.75 m Figure A-20: N82-110.76 m

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70

Sketches of volcanic ash beds in cores

••1 1 1 , . . . - , ^7 i ( Figure A-21: NB2-111.04 m Figure A-22: NB2-116.90 m 6 — ^ r ^ x -Figure A-23: NB2-119.21 m Figure A-24: NB2-123.26 m Figure A-25: NB2-126.26 m Figure A-26: NB2-126.28 m „ » I ! \ . „ „ . U . . i I-. U ' _.11',''

Figure A-29: NB2-128,89 m

Figure A-30: NB2-129.09 m

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71

1 > 5 /

f - n ' l

'.1

ftrtftifs r / J O flini^.) ' I J -Figure A-35: NB3-159.05 tn ' ' J J (ia-'> Figure A-36: NB3-172.21 m ƒ Figure A-37: NB3-174.30 m

Figure A-39: NB3-182.71a m

Figure A-38: NB3-182.71 m

Figure A-40: NB3-193.31 m

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72

Sketches of volcanic ash beds in cores

Figure A-41: NB3-193.61 m Figure A-42: NB3-194.41 m Figure A-43: NB3-196.51 m Figure A-44: NB3-201.79 m Figure A-45: NB3-202.28 m Figure A-46: NB3-207.98 m Figure A-47: NB3-208.39 m Figure A-48: NB4-52.22 m J - 7 'L Figure A-49: NB4-53.05 m Figure A-50: NB4-61.17 m

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73

:)1

Figure A-55: NB4-69.42 m

, li i< I 111

Figure A-57: NB4-78.03 m

Figure A-56: NB4-73.59 m

Figure A-58: NB4-78.52 m

Figure A-59: NB4-80.69 m Figure A-60: N84-82.44 m

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~ Sketches of volcanic ash beds in cores

[(

Figure A-61: NB4-83,04 m _{Figure A-62: N84-83.47 m}

Figure A-63: N84-84.35 m Figure A-64: N84-85.73 m

Figure A-65: N84-89.66 m Figure A-67: N84-94.48 m Figure A-69: NB4-95.02 m 7 Figure A-66: NB4-93.00 m Figure A-68: N84-94.71 m Figure A-70: N84-95.98 m Figure A-71: NB4-100.22 m

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Appendix B

Tables of Cores and Logs Description

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76 Tables of Cores and Logs Description

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N B 2 W E L L - C O R E D E S C R I P T I O N T A B L E

• Depth a t tho base Thickness # Volcanic ash (depth at

tho top)

Faclos Z o n a t l o n

-Typo Picture Sample Color & Graddlns of color Basal contact Top contact

Sodlmsntary Structures, bedding &

features Grain size / T e x t u r e Physical State QuBstlon Marks Remarks lm] [m]

59.13

61,80 2.67 SSTN 1 Ight gray uniform

Thts sandstone constitutes lhe most lovrar part of Fan 3.

ThB core Is broken in few blocks

65.2 3.40

Sandstona ntsrbedded wilh

shal 9 4 medium light gray hard/crumbly

This sandstone pakague contains IntertMdded siltstone oyers and It Is broken In blocks between 1 to 10 cm. following the bedding piano. Sandy beds are lighter than silty beds.

65.5 D.3Ü

Shale Inlartiedded by

sandstone 10 iightto dark gray

66.6 1.10

Shale with a nodular

concretion 8 & 1 9 dark gray

66.92 2.32

Shale Intercalated by few sandstone to

slllstone layers n dark layers and light gray layers

71,5 2.58 Shale 8 dark gray

72.2 0.70

Shale Intertiedded by

siltstone 12 light gray

1 72.22 0.02 72.2

(Possible) volcanic ash bed T3

Layer 1 is of gray color, number 9 ^ In GS. Layer 2 Is greenish, number4 In RGB. Layer 3 Is a vory thin whitish layer on top flat-straight

wavy, with chimney shape features on top

This bed conslts in three layers. Numbered from bottom to top. Layer 11s of gray color and contains green, gray ans black minerals. Layer 2 Is very unconsolidated and altered and contains green minerals. Layer 3 is a ver thin whitish layer on top

Tlie lower part of the bed Is nnning upwards, fl lo tu. The upper part is very altered so difficult t distinguish.

crumbly apedally the upper p a r t

The core Is broken In the middle of this layer. Presence of dewatering features. Greenish color.

72.7 0,48

Shale Interbedded by silts lone 12

79,40 6,70 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray crumbly

The core Is very fragmented. Parts of the core are put in a plactic bag.

79,60 0.20

Shale Interbedded by siltstone 12

81,11 1.51 Shale 8 Medium to dark grsy

2 81,113 0.003 81.11

greenish-white, number 2 In GS. Presence of few black grains and dark

lenses. Irregular to wavy irregular to wavy PtBsence of lenses or d a y Induslons vfu crumbly

Presence of some dark -black Induslons of lenticular shape [probably tha same lithology as shale). Veiy difficult to rei:ognlze Intemal structures.Bad quality core. 81.45 0.34 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray crumbly TTio core is vory fragmenlea (Bad quality core) 81,47 0,01

B1,4ï

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T3

yes yes (sample

41

wlthlsh-tran sparen t at the lop and base contact Lower layer is greenish gray, number 3 In RG5 (It contains black grains as wet!) and upper layer Is gray, numtter 7 In GS. Some greelnsh lenticular feautures were also observed

ang uia ting

Irregular lo wavy and not Ilthologlcally sharp

This bod has 2 main zones, they are

differendated by their color and grain size. Precertse of green mlcronodules or dasts (clay Induslones) sorrounded by a darker malerial with an eye shape. TTie dlamenter o the dasts Is 1 mm.

tinning upward grain size. Lower zone Is fu grain s l ^ and upper zone Is vfu.

the bed Is hard

(consolidated)

Presence of green micrenodules or dasts

The layer Is lying horizontally (no dip). The core Is broken a the top contact and It sl not a sharp contact Slightly changing of grain size- fining upwards. At tho base contact the Is a thin whitish vfu grain layer.

BZ.92 1,4. Shale 8 dark gray crumbly The core is very fragmented

S2.9A 0,0 8 2 , r

(Possible) volcanic ash bed +

concretlonal feature T3 yes

Wlthlsh-transparent at the top contact Lower left layer Is gray, number4 In GS and It contains some white Indus!ons and black stringers wtiile lhe lower hght layer is 9 In GS.. The upper left layer Is green and light gray, numbers In RGB. While the right left part has on tc^ 8 in GS and In the lower part 3 In RGB.

angulaling

Invgular to wavy and not Ilthologlcally sharp

This bed Is dearly divided Into two main laye (1 cm each one). Zone Cwo has one kind of layer on the left side and two different ones o Uie right side. Presence of while Induslons with a Invgular shape. This Induslons do not react with HCl and they can be scratch with the knife.

In the lower zone I t i s very difiicult to distinguish any grain size. The upper left laye is fu-m! while the upper righl layers are vfu-fl.

the bed Is hard

(consolidated)

Presence of white Inclusions, dantrltlc pattern, green aligned minerals and in^gular-angular contact3.The lower layer Is possibly a concretlonal feabire.

Tho thickness of this bod goes from 0.02 Ihlnlng to 0.013. Some while Inclusions wore measured 1. (6mm width x 1

cm height), 2.(7 mm width x 5mm height). H was very

difficult to distinguish the grain size In the lower layer. Som strange feautures were found on the right lower layer and It looks like cristaltzed. The upper left layer shows a dentriUc pattem of black color (possible Infill of a fracture). Some green lenticular minerals are allghned parallel to the axes o the dentritic pattem (horizontally).

(13)

Dopth at Iho basa ThlcknasB

# Volcanic ash <d«pth at

Iho l o p )

-Typo Picture Sample C o l o r & Graddlng o f color Basal contact Top contaci

Sodlmontary Structures, bedding &

features Grain s i x o / T e x t u r e Physical Stale Question Marks Remarks

5 83,17 0.006 83.16

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T3 Gray-green, number 9 In GS Ilthologlcally sharp Ilthologlcally sharp fij

unconsolidated Maybe located tn a fault

piano. The core is broken throuqh this bed. 83.52 0.35 Shale 8

6 83.53 0.01 83,52

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T3 Gray-green, number 9 In GS

rubble

A missing layer into the rutible.

85.46 1.93 Shale 8 dark gray cnjmbly

The core Is very fragmented {bad quality section). Parts ol the core are put In a plactic bag.

85,47 0.004 6S,4G Whitish layer 14

WhlUsh layer at first slghtTha lower laye is gray, number 10 In GS and the upper

layer Is brownish, number 6 In RGB wavy wavy This bed Is divided Into 2 layers. no distinguish a t}le

the bed is hard (consolidated)

Possible SSTN Injection feature.

Tho bed Is pinching out to tho right side of the core. The lower layer looks crystalized therefore It Is very hard to distinguish the grain size.

86.48 1.01 Shale B Medium to dark gray crumbly

The core is very fragmented. Parts of ttie core are put In plactic bags.

7 86.49 0.006 86.48

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T3 medium gray, number 9 In GS inegular to wavy in-egular to wavy fu consolidated 88,31 1.82 Shale a Medium to dark gray dumbly

The core Is very fragmented. Parts of the core are put in plactic bags.

8 88.32 0.010 88,31 Volcanic ash bed T l

yes (sample 3)

The lower layer Is dark gray color, number 6 In G S . The upper layer Is

green-^ray color, number 3 in RGB irregular Irragular

This bed can be divided Into two layera. The tower layer whldn shows darker gray color and has a very Imegutar top contact with the upper layer. Presence of pyrite In Ihe lower layer. The upper layer shows coarser grain and while, gray and black minerals.

Coarsening upvrards grain size. The lower layer Is vf] - vfu grain shM white the upper layer Is fl fu.

unconsolidated

Maybe located In a fau\l plane.

The core Is very fragmented (bad quality seclion). Presonci of pyrite, white, gray and black mInerals.Texlum similar to reference sample.

89.2D 0.88 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core Is vory fragmented. Parts of the core are put in a plactic beg. Presence of a very bad quality section. 89.21 0,001 89,20 Whitish layer 14 WhlUsh-gray layer, number 10 In GS. irregular to wavy i n s u l a r lo wavy

Thi sbed consists in two whitish layers at the top and a gray layer at the base. Presence of Induslons or lenses. vftj

Possible SSTN Injection feature.

89,31 0.10 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray The core is very fragmented

89.32 0.004 89,31 Whitish layer 14 yes

The lower layer is whitish- gray, number 7 In GS. The upper layer Is graenlsh

color, n u m b e r s In RGB. In-egular to wavy Irregular to wavy

This bed can be divided Inlo two layers. Tha upper layer shows some lenses or day

induslons. fl harel

Presence of lenses just in tho upper layer. Possible SSTN Injection feature.

Tho bed measures 4 mm In the left hand side of Ihe core and 3 mm in the right ^ d o .

89.84 0.52 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core Is very tregmented. Parts of the core are put In a plactic bag.

9 89.88 0.04 89,84

(Possible) volcanic

ash t>ed T3 yes

Zone 1 is gray color, number 6 in GS. Zone 2 Is green color, number 7 in RGB.

concave and Irregular

concave and i n s u l a r . Preanca of a whitish layer at the lop ccnlact

This bed Is very altered, apedally on the right side of Ihe core. The bed can bo divided Into two zones. Zone 1 consists of bifurcating dark gray stringers, It also contains some white mlner^s. Zone 2 vs green color and is very altered. It also contains some black minerals.

Difficult to recognize the grain size because of the aileralion- ml, and ft in the dark stringers.

very altered, unconsolidated

When a layer Is altered, is that the grain size?

This bed measures 4 cm on the left side of the core and 3 cm on [he right side. This bed is very altered. Presence of dewatering features. Greenish color

The core Is very fragmented. Parts of tho core are put in a plactic bag. Presence of a very bad quality section. 10 92,47 0.02 92.45

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T3 Gray-green, number 9 in GS Irregular to wavy Irragular to wavy fu

unconsolidated Maybe located In a fault

plane. The core Is broken throuqh this bed. 93.15 0.68 Shale 8 Medium lo dark gray

The core is very fragmented. Parts of the core are put In a plactic bag.

11 93.16 0,01 93,15

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T3 Gray color, number 5 In GS. wavy lo Irregular

I n s u l a r . The core Is braken through this

contact n-fu

Maybe located in a fault plane. 94,92 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

95.07 0.15 94.92 Concretlonal Ceaturo 20 Ught gray

Charaderistic kind of conretlonal feature-Ughtor color than the sorrounded lithology.

Possible concretlonal

feature took to be a sandstone layer changed into a concretion 96.50 3.34 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

12 96.55 0,05 96,50

SSTn with possible

volcanic Intluence T2 yes

Greonlstvbrownlsh-gray SSTN, number 9 In RGB. flat

Irregular. The core Is broken Ihrough this

contact No sedimentary features vtsslble.

Rnning upwards grain size. From fV-fu at the

bottom to vfu at the top. hard - crumbly

SSTN With a different color than the fan SSTN. Possible volcanic

Influence. The core Is broken though this bod. 97.20 4,04 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core Ifl very fragmented. Parts ot the core are put In a plactic bag. Presence of a very bad quality section.

13 97,21 O.OOS 97,20

[Possible) volcanic

ash bed T3 yes

The main color os the bed Is 6 In RGB. The layer has two slightly different coloration. Graen-brownlsh al tho base, and while going upwards, the layer contains mora black and gray minerals. The top Is w h l t i s h ^ n s p a r e n t . angular

irregular to wavy. Th( lop contact shows a thin whitish-transparent layer

The layer has two different coloration. Green-brownish a l lhe baso, and while going upwards, the layer contains more black and gray minerals. The top Is whltlsh-IransparentThe bed contains pyrite and also some lenses or mud Induslons.

Rnnlng upwards grain size. Vfu at the basa and vfl at the top.

hard -consolidated

Clay Induslons at the botiom, middle and lop of the layer

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• 3opth at ho base Thickness

« Volcanic i s h (depth at

the top)

F a d e s

Zonatlon-Typo Picture Sample C o l o r & Gradding o f color Basal contact Top contact

Sedimentary Structures. iMddlng &

features Grain size / Texture Phyalcal Slate Quostlon Marks Remarks

14 97.49 0.023 97.47

Possible) vdcanic

ash bed T3 yes

.ayer 1 Is dark gray,numbor 6 In GS. Layer 2 Is green color, number 2 In RGB with black minerals and Induslons. Laye 3 Is gray-greenish, number 2 In GS. Layer 4 Is gray-greenish minllayers wlUi a w h i l e layer on top.

rregular and benddlng upwards and pinching out io the right side

Wavy contad and >enddlng upwards to the right side.The core Is broken at the

eft sida of Ihe top contact

rhis bed shows 4 different kind of layers, heae layera numbered from the bottom to l e top are: Layer 1 looks to be a concretlona eature of dark-gray color, layer 2 is a very green SSTN wilh blad( minerals and dast or nduslons, layer 3 Is a gray-green finer SSNT. and layer 4 constitute a zone of mlnl-ayering fomilng against a little feature at the op contact- volcano shape.

Rnnlng upwards grain size. From f l - f u e l tho base, fl In the middle and vfu- vfl at the lop.

hard -consolidated

Zone of mlnl-layorlng •rming against a litUe eature at tho b p contact-volcano shape. A while ayer on top probably present very soon after deposllloa

This bed Is lying over tho shales and It Is pinching oul to tht upper right side of the core. The lop and base contact are benddlng upwards at the right sIde.This bed is 2.3 cm thickness at the left side of the core and 1.7 cm at lhe right slte.Presonce of dewatering features. Greenish cobr 101.43 3.94 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core is vary fragmented. Parts of the core are put In plactic bags.

15 101.44 0,004 101,43

(Possible) vdcanlc ash t>ed T3

The lower layer Is of whitish color while the upper layer Is greenish-gray color, number 4 in RGB. flat lo IrTMiular

Tha core Is broken at the lop conlaci

This Ood consists on two different layers. A whitish layer at the botiom end a greenish-gray layer at the lop. The top layer contains

}lack minerals.

The grain size of the upper layer Is fl. hard

Very difficult to distinguish lhe grain size. This bod measures 4 mm at lhe loft side of the core and 3 mm a l the right side oflhe core.

102.21 0,77 Shale 6 Medium lo dark gray

The core Is very fragmented. Parts of lhe core are put In plactic bags.

16 1 0 2 ^ 2 0.005 1 0 ^ 2 1

Gray color layer, number 9.2 in GS.

Presence of a whitish-gray layer on top. Itregular to wavy Irregular to wavy

This bed has the samo texture everywhere. ^Tesence of a vtrhlUsh layer on lop and a lowe gray layer. Greenish-dark gray Induslons.

Rnnlng upwards grain size from fu at the botiom lo vfu at the lop. hard 103,32 1.10 Shale 8 Medium lo dark gray

The core Is very (ragmanted. Parts of the core are put in pladlc bags.

17 103.33 0.003 103,32

(Possible) volcanic ash bed T 3

The color of this bed Is greenish-gray, number 4 In RGB. Irregular

The core is broken at

the top contact fi

103.52 0.19 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray The core Is fragmented.

18 103.54 0.02 103,52

(Possible) vdcanic

ash bed T3 yes yes (sample

2)

Each sequence has a tiottom gray layer 6 In GS. and a green layer on top 2 in RGB.

Iffogular and ttio presence of whitish and green-gray minllayors

irregular and tha presence of a whitish mlnilayer.

The bod Is divided Into 2 sequences form b y ï layers, both sequences consists a gray layer on bottom and a green layer on top. And a whitish layer on top and boHom of the bod. There are some day inclusions or lenses In tho whitish layer of the top contact

Both sequences are finning upwards, vfu to fl

Two repeatod soquencos with the samo charaderistic layera.

lhe core la broken through the middle green layer of tho firs sequence. Every sequence Is 1 cm In thickness. It breaks Ir horizontal planes

ASHES FROM THE DEPTH OF 103,7 TO 108.7 ARE ON THE SILTSTONE EQUIVALENT I N T B Ï V A L OF FAN 2 .

19 104.37 0,013 104,36 Volcanic ash bed T l

yes (sampl 1) Greenish-gray, numbers In RGB At the basal contact there is a whitish mlllmiter layer

the core Is breken al

the top contact fl cnjmbly

lhe color of this sandstone differs from the fans maybe because of volcanic Influence

•Iflicult to analyze because most of the bod Is broke.Texture similar to referenca sample. 107.75 3.38 Shale 8 Medium to dark grey

The core is vory fragmented. Parts of the core are put In plactic bags.

20 107,76 0.007 107,75

T>ie bed is generally gray, number 5 In GS. There Is a mlllmiter layer on top of

whitish color, number 2 In GS. Irregular flat to In-egular.

Presence of some lenses or d a y Induslons a the top of the layer.

Rnnlng upward grain size from fl at the bottorr

to vfl a l the lop. hard Similar as the reference sample. 107.B2 0,06 Shale 6 Medium to dark gray The core Is fragmented. 107.83 0.003 107.82 WhlBsh layer 14

WhlUsh layer at first sighL The bed is

gray, number 5 In GS. Irregular inegular

Possible SSTN injection feature.

108,10 0.27 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray The core is fragmented.

21 108.23 0.13 108,10

SSTn vrith possible

volcanic Intluenca T2 yes

The SSTN Is green color, number 10 In RGB. Presence of some white features and white stringers. flat

Rat, presence of a whitish layer at ths top contact

This green SSTN Is divided Into two pakagues dus of Ihe presence of a shale layer In between. Some whitish stringers are present at the upper layer and some withlsh features at the bottom layer.

1 he lower layer is linnin upwards grain size, mainly ml. The upper layer Is vfu at the botiom. and vfl at tho

top. crembly, very unconsolidated

Green SSTN with possible volcanic Influence.

The core Is fragmented through this bod. There Is e pakague of shale In the middle of the bod. dividing it into two.

ASHES FROM THE DEPTH OF 108,7 ARE UNDER THE SILTSTONE EQUIVALENT l^^TERVAt OF FAN 2.

21 109.34 0.057 109,30

SSTn with possibie volcanic InH uence T2

The SSTN is green color, number 10 In RGB. Presence of black grains.

Whitish layer at the base

The core Is broken a

the top of the layer. SSTN with blad( grains.

Rnnlng upwards grain size, from fu to vfl.

crumbly, very unconsolidated

Green SSTN with poss 1 tile volcanic influence.

110.75 1.4 Shale 8 Medium gray The core Is fragmented. 110,7É O.OO^ 110,7, WhiUsh layer 14

The lower layer Is whitish color while th« upper layer Is gray color, number 2 In GS.

inegular to angulaling

i n s u l a r to angulaling

This bed shows two different layera. A whltlst lower layer and a gray upper layer. vfu tofl

Possible SSTN Injection

feature. Vory angulabng contacts. 110.7Ê D.oo: Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

Z. 110.7 O.OO* 110,7

Layer l is of light-gray color. Layer 2 Is

gray color. Layer 3 Is w h l t l ^ color. Irregular irregular

This bod is divided Into 3 mInMayers. Numbered from botbm to top. Layer 11s of llght-{|ray oolor. Layer 2 is gray cobr. Layer 3 is whitish color and It show some lenses or dark Inclusions on lop.

Finning upwards grain size, from fu to vfl. hard

111.0 0.2J Shale 8 Medium lo dark gray The core Is fragmented. 111.0 0.00 111,0 Whitish layer 14

The lower layer is whitish color while th upper layer ts gray color, number 2 in GS.

Irregular to angulaling

In-egular lo angulaling

This bed shows two dlffarant layera. A whltls lower layer and a gray upper layer.

1 vfu tofl

feature. Very angulaling contacts. l l l . O ' 0.0 ! Shale 8 Medium to dark gray The core Is fragmented.

(15)

# Depth at the bsaa T h l c k n e H 4 Volcanic aah (depth at the top) Facloe

Zonatlon-Typa Picture Sample Color & Grad ding of color Basal contact Top conlact

Sedimentary Stiucturos, bedding &

features Grain s i z e / T e x t u r e Physical Stale Question Marks Romarks

24 111.05 0.001 111.0*

(Possible) volcanic ash bed T 3

Layer 1 Is gray color, number 9 In RGB. Layer 2 Is brownlstvgray color, numlwr 11 In RGB. Layers, the lop layer Is

whitish color. flat flat

This bed is divided Into throe mini-layers. Numbered from bottom to lop.

flnning upwards grain size. Layer 11s (1, layer: la vfu and layer 3 la vfl.

111J21 0.16 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray The core Is fragmented.

111.22 0.002 111,21 WhlHsh layer 14

The lower layer is whitish color while the upper layer is gray color, number 2 in GS.

Irregular lo angulaling

In^guIar to angulaling

This bad shows two different layers. A vrtiltish lower layer and a gray upper layer. vfu tofl

feature. Very angulaling contacts. 111.49 0.27 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray The core Is fragmented.

25 111.50 0.007 111,49

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T3 yes

Each sequence has a botiom gray layer 6 In GS, and a green layer on top 2 in

R G B .

In-egular and the presence of whitish and greer>-gray minllayers

In-egular and the presence of a whitish mlnilayer.

The bed Is dWkled Into 2 sequences form t i y : layers, both sequences consists a gray layer on bottom and a green layer on lop. And a whlllsh layer on top and botiom of the bod. There are some day Induslons or lenses In tho whlllsh layer ofthe top contact

Bolh sequences are finning upwards, vfij to fl

Two repeated sequences with the same

characteristic layera. Similar charaderlsllcs as 103.52.

112.59 1.09 Shale a Tho core is very fragmented. Parts ol Ihe core aro put in a plactic bag. Presence of a very bad quality section. 26 112.60 0.003 112.59

Layer 11s gray color, number 9 In RGB-Layer 2 is brownish-gray color, number 11 In RGB. Layers, the top layer Is

This bed Is divided Into three mInMayere. Numbered from botiom to top.

finning upwards grain size. Layer 1 is fl. layer 2 is vfu and layer 3 Is vfl.

114.22 1.62 Shale 8 Medium lo dark gray The core Is fragmented.

27 114.23 0.003 114,22 (Possible) volcanic ash bed T l yes (reference sample]

l a y e r 1 is gray color, number 9 in RGB. Layer 2 is brownish-gray color, number 11 in RGB. Layers, the top layer Is

whiUsh color. flat flat

Two sequences of layera as mention In sample number 111.04 m. One layer In top of lhe other.Than lhe succession consists on 2 sets of three mlnMayera. Numbered from bottom to lop.

finning upwards grain size. Layer 11s fl. layer I Is vfu and layer 3 is vfl. cmmbty

Reference sample bellow possible Fan 2 . This bed was completely broken. Two sequences of layers as mention In sample number 111.04 m. One layer in top of the other. 116,90 2.67 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray The core Is fragmented.

117,06 0.16 116.90 Concretlonal feature 20 Ught gray. Inegular irregular

Possible sandstone changing Inlo a concretion

Very dWicuIt to disUguish features of this bed. Possible concretlonal feature. The same kind of feature as bed 89.6C in NB4.1 contain some characteristic features at the top anr bottom. The left side of the bed measures 13.5 cm while thi righl side measures 16 c m .

118.08 1.02 Shale 6 Medium to darit gray The core Is fragmented.

28 116.09 0.01 118,08

Layer 1 Is gray color, number 9 in RGB. Layer 2 is brownish-gray color, number 11 in RGB. Layers, the lop layer Is whitish oolor. anguIaUng

Located at the

broken lop of Uie This bod Is divided into three mlnMayara. Numbered from bottom to top.

finning upwards grain size. Layer 1 is fl, layer: is vfu and layer 3 Is vfl.

This bed rl is very diflTicult to identify but It posseses similar charadhorlstlcs as bed 111.04

118.17 0.08 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray The core is very fi-agmenlod

29 118,18 0.01 118,17

Layer 1 is gray color, number 9 In RGB. Layer 2 Is brownish-gray color, number 11 In RGB. Layers, the lop layer Is

This bed Is divided into three mini-<ay6rs. Numbered from botiom to lop.

finning upwards grain size. Layer 11s fl, layer

Is vfu and layer 3 is vfl. It posseses similar characlhorisllcs as bed 111.04 118.96 0.78 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray Tho core is very fragmented

30 118.97 0,01 118.96

Layer 1 is gray color, number 9 in RGB. Layer 2 Is bnawnlsh-^ray color, number

11 in RGB. Layer 3, lhe top layer Is

whitish color. nat flat

This bed Is divided Inlo throe mlnMayore. Numbered from bottom lo top. Presence of day Induslons at Ihe top.

finning upwards grain size. Layer 1 is fl, layer w

Is vfu and layers Is vfl. presence of clay induslons at the lop. It posseses similar characlherlstlcs as bed 111.04 and the 119JZ1 0.24 Shale 8 Medium lo dark gray The core Is very fragmented. Very bad quality seclion.

119.23 0.025 119,21 Diverse features (Induding

concretions) 20 yes gray color very irregular very Irregular

At the left side. 2 layers of vfu grain, few mlllmltera each one. This two layera are separated by a package of shale. These two layera are pinching out lo the right side and Ihey dissBpear. At the rightside oflhe core, a gray concretlonal kind of feature Is presenL In between the layers and the concrelJonal feature, three very white strlngersA/elns are shown. These sirlngers/velns look crystalized and do not r o a d with HCI, like the rest of Ihe

features at this dopth. The grain size of Ihe _{layera Is vfu.}

hard / crumbly

Diverse features al Ihls depth (Induding concreUonal features)

Strange feature. Part of tho feature may bo of conaetional type. Refer to the graph of the foalure for a better understanding. The upper layer a l the left side Is 2 mm Ihlknesses while Ihe lower layer is 3 mm. At the right side ( tho core, the concreUonal type of feature is 2.5 cm thick. Tho white veins aro approximately 4 mm thick. The core Is broken between the layera and lhe concretlonal feature. 122.58 3.35 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core Is very fragmented. Presence of very bad quality sections.

31 122.59 0.008 122,58

Layer 1 Is gray color, number 9 in R G B . Layer 2 Is brownish-gray color, number

n in R G B . Layer 3. the lop layer is

This bed Is divided Into three mInMayers. Numbered from bottom to lop.

finning upwands grain size. Layer 11s fl, l a y e r : Is vfu and layer 3 is vfl.

It posseses similar characlherlstlcs as bed 111.04 with less defined layera.

(16)

• Dopth at Jio base Thickness « Volcanic ash (dopth at Ihe top)

Faclos

21onatlon-Type Picture Sample Color & Gmdding of color Basal contact Top contact

Sedimentary Stmctures, bedding &

features Grain size / Texture Physical Stale Question Marks Remarks

32 122.75 0,008 122,74

Possible) volcanic ash bed T3

.^yor 1 Is gray color, number 9 In RGB. Layer 2 Is brownish-gray color, numtwr 1 In RGB. Loyar 3, the top layer Is

whitish color. al at

This bed is divided Into three min Hay era,

*J umb ered from botiom to lop.

Inning upwards grain size, tayer 11s 11, layor 7 5 vfu and layer 3 Is vfl.

I posseses similar charadhorlstlcs as bed 111.04 but Iho » l o r of the layer is more greenish.

123.26 0,51 Shale 8 Medium gray

Tho core is hragmenled and change Its color to a llglhor gray. Presence of letter B.

123,46 0,200 123.26

Affected Lithology and concretlonal

feature 10 yes Ught gray hard

The lithology above the concreUonal featura appeara to bo affeded.

Possible concreUonal feature. The left side of Uie feature masuros 13 cm while Ihe right side 19 cm. Pinching oul to [ho left side. Around 15 cm of the Urology above the concretlonal feature appears to be affected. This Is visslble because of tfie greenish-gray color which contrast wlUi Uio nomial daric shales.

126.26 2.80 Shale 8 Medium lo derk gray secUon.

33 126.27 0.005 126,26

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T3 Greenish layer, number 4 Is RGB. rregular

n ^ u l a r . Presence ol awhiUsh thin layer.

Two layers. A lower greenish layer wlih dasl or d a y Induslons. An upper very thin layer of whi Ush color.

Rnnlng upwards grain

size. From fl to vfl.

The bed measures on Uie left side of tfie core 0.5 cm and on lhe right side 0.2 cm.

126.28 0.01 Shale 8

34 126JZ9 0.003 126,28

(Possible] volcanic ash bed T3

The gray layers aro number 2 In GS. The greenish layers are 4 in RGB.

rregular. Presence of a thin whlUsh layer- Irregular

Two succoslons of layera, A v e r y ttiln layer at the bottom. Uien a succession of gray layera wiUi a greenish layer on top.

Two very min finning upwards

succes3ions.DIfficult lo

distinguish Uie exact

grain size. Two succesions of layera. 126.52 0.23 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray The core Is fl-agmented.

35 126.53 0,005 126,52

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T3 Gray color, number 9.2 in GS. flat flat

This bod has (he same texture everywhere. Presence of a whitish layer on top and a lowe gray layer. Gray induslons at Uie top.

Rnnlng upwards grain ^ z e from fu at the botiom to vfij at the top. hord

These bed has the same characterisUcs as number 102JZ1 butwitfi induslons only a l tfie lop.

126.57 0.04 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray The core look more consistent lhan in previous Intervals

36 126,56 0.005 126,57

(Possible) volcanic

ash bod T3 Gray color, number 9.2 In GS. angulaUng angulaUng

This bed has Uia aamo lextura everywhere. Presence of a wihlUsh layer on top and a lowe gray layer. Presence of pyrite.

Rnnlng upwards grain size from fu at the t»tlom to vfu at the top. hard

These bed has Uio same characlorisUcs as number 102.21 but witfiout d a y induslons and wilh presence of pyrite. 127.73 1.15 Shale 6 Medium to dark gray

The core look more consistent then In previous Intervals bu showing few fractures.

127.74 0.005 127,73 Wiltlsh layer 14

WhlUsh layer at first slghL Gray color, number 9.2 In GS. angulaUng

angulaling. The core Is broken et the top

contact gray SSTN layer. hard

Possible SSTN IniecUon feature. 128.12 0.38 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core look more consistent than In previous intervals bu showing fewfi-actures.

37 128.13 0,01 128.12

(Possible) volcanic ash bad T3

A whIUsh layer at the top and base contact InteroalaUon of layers of gray color, number 6 In GS and brownish color layers, number 6 In RGB.

angular, prasen ce of a whlUsh layer.

angular, presence of a whlUsh layer.

Presence of 7 mlnWayere of different color and grain size. AwhiUsh layerat the top and base contact

It grades from the contoi to tfie edges. Coaraer grain at the canter of the bed and finning towards Uie edges. hard

Grading fiiim Uie canter

to Iho edges. Presence of 7 minllayera. 128.43 0.30 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core look more consistent than In previous intervals bu showing few fi-actures.

38 128.44 0.01 128,43

(Possible) volcanic ash t>ed T3

The middle layer Is color gray, number 9.2 In GS- The lowror layer Is brownish

color, numbor 6 In RGB. flat to Irregular fiat to I n s u l a r

Presence of 3 layera. Presence of lenses or day Induslons at tho top layer.

11 grades fi-om Uie cente to Uie edges. hard 128,69 0.45 Shale 6 Medium to dark gray

Tho core look more consistent Uian In previous Intervals bu showing few fractures.

126.90 0.003 128,89 WhlHsh layer 14 yes white color. very angular very angular Very white and looks oystallzod. hard

Possible SSTN InJecUon

feature. Look crystalized 129.09 0.19 Shale 8 Medium lo dark gray

The core look more consistent than In previous Intervals bu showing few fi-actures.

39 129.10 0,009 129.09

(Possible) volcanic

ash bod T3 yes

WhIUsh-gray layer at tho bottom, number 9.1 in GS. Gray layer at tho middle, number 9.2 In GS. A greenish

layer on top. number9 in RGB. flat to I n s u l a r flat to Irregular

This bed consists of three layera. The lower layer of coaraer grain colntalns pyrite. The middle layer of contains some lenses or day induslons. The top layer of the finest grain, coniains some lenses or day Induslons.

Rnnlng upwards grain size. Tho lower layer Is Fu, middle layer from fiJ

to ml. Top layer Is vfl. hard Finning upwards sequence. 129,30 0.009 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core took more consistent than In previous Intervals bu showing few fradures.

129.37 0.07 129.3D Concretlonal feature 2D 130.51 1.14 Shale 8

4C 129.44 O.oi; 130,51

(Possible) volcanic ash tied T3

Layer 11s white, tayer 2 Is brownish, number 9 In RGB. Layer 3 Is gray, number 9.2 In GS.Layar4 Is brovmlsh, number 9 In RGB.

Irregular. Presence of a v^ltlsh layer.

The core Is broken a the lop contact

Presence of 4 layara. These layers are numbered from bottom to top and they differ from each oUier for grain ^ z e and color. The thin WhlUsh layer a l the bottom coniains som black features or day Induslond.

Grades fttjm Uie center to the edges. Layer 11s 9 fl, layer 2 vfl, layer 3 lu

and layer 4 is vfl. The core Is broken at the top contact. 130.89 1,4J Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core look more consistent than In previous Intervals bu showing few fi-actures.

4 130.90 O.oi; 130,8«

(Possible] volcanic

ash botl T3 Groonlsh color, number 4 In RGB.

The core is broken a

the lop con t a c t Sandslone layer. 11 Greenish sendstone. The core Is broken at the top conlact 131.94 1.04 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core look mora consistent tfian In previous Intervals bu showing few fi^ctures.

(17)

Oopth at tha base Thickness

« Volcanic

ash (depth a l the top)

Facies

Zonallon-Type Picture Sample Color & Graddlng of color Basal contact Top contact

Sedimentary Structures, bedding &

features Grain size/Texture Physical Stale Question Marks Remarks

42 131.96 0,015 131,94

The color of the lower layor is dork gray, number 9.2 In GS. The middle layer Is brownish, number 9 In RGB. And a

whitish-gray layer at the top. flat lo i n s u l a r

Flat ID Iregular. Presence of a whitish gray layor a l lhe top.

Presence of 3 layers. This layers can bo dlfTerendatled byl Its color and grain size. The upper layer has como lenses or induslons.

The bottom layer Is vftj -fi. The middle layer Is fl.

Tho upper layer Is vfl. The core Is broken at the top contact 132,00 0.045 8 Medium to dark gray

43 13156 0,01 132,00

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T 3 Greenish color, number4 In RGB. straight-flat Just the dght pan of a sandstone layer. fl Just the right part o f a sandstone layer. 133,59 1.63 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core look more consistent than In previous intervals bu showing few fractures.

44 133.60 0.004 133,59

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T 3 Gray color, number 2 In GS. flat to I n s u l a r flat to in-egular

Thin whitish layer on top with some lenses or

Induslons. fi Possible sand Infection feature. 133,82 0.22 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core look mora consistent then In previous intervals bu showing few fractures.

45 133,83 0.007 133,82

(Possible) volcanic

ash bed T3 Gray color, numtrar 2 In GS. flat lo Irregul»- flat lo Irregular

A gray layer with a Ihin whitish layer on top

with some lenses or ItKluslons. fl Possible sand injection feature. 134,60 0,77 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray

The core look more consistent than In previous intervals bu showing few fractures.

134.60 0,002 134.60 Whitish layer 14

Whitish layer at first sight. Gray color,

number 9,1 In GS. anguiar angular

A gray layer wilh pyrtle. A thin whlUah layor or top wilh some lenses or induslons.

Predominantly vfu grain size.

Possible SSTN Injeclion feature.

135.88 1.28 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray Tho core shovra more fragmentation than previous Intervals 46 135,88 0,002 135,88

(Possible] volcanic

ash bed T3 Gray color, number 9,1 in GS. angular angular

A gray layer wilh pyrite and dark Induslons. A thin whlllsh layer on top.

Finning upwards grain size. PredominanUy vftj

grain siza. Possible sand Iniectlon feature.

136,84 0,96 Shale 8 Medium to dark gray The core shows more fragmenlalion lhan previous intervals 47 136.93 0,09 136,84

SSTn wilh possible

volcanic Infiuence T 2 Greenish color, number4 In RGB. Greenish sandslone

Greenish sandslone with possible influence of volcanic ashes.

137.35 0.42 Shale 8 Medium to Oadcgray This must bo the top o l Fan 2. 48 137.38 0,027 137,35

SSTn with possible

volcanic Influence T2 Greenish color, rrumbor4 In RGB. Greenish sandstone fl

Graenbh sandstone with possible Influence of volcanic ashes.

(18)

N B S W E L L - C O R E D E S C R I P T I O N T A B L E

Dopth at tho baso Thicknoss

It Volcanic

ash (dopth at

tho top)

Faclos Zo

nation-Type Picture Sample

Color & Gradding of

color Basal contact Top contact Sedimentary Structures, boddlng & foaturos

Grain size /

Texture Physical Stato Question Marks Remarks Em] l m ]

1S8,11

139.07 0.96 Massive sandstone 1 Ight gray-greon uniform

This sandstone constitutes tho most lowor part of Fan 3, The core Is broken in faw blocks In a more or loss hohzontal way. Tht a v ^ l l e strip coming all tho way up and dividing Uself Inlo more band while going down (possible hydrolhennal features).

141,79 2,72

Sandstone Interbeddad

with shales 4 medium light gray-green

hard but breakable In the bedding plane.

This sandstone pakague contains lntert>edded shale layers and i s broken In blocks between 1 to 10 cm. following the bedding slane. Some very thin white strips are also soon. Sandy bods art lighter lhan shaly beds.

143.66 1.87

Sandslone to siltstone Interbedded with shales 5

145.50 1.B4

Shale Intercalated with faw siltstone layers 12

148.70 3.20

Shale Intarcalatod with few sandstone and siltstone layers n

149.60 0.90 Shale to siltstone bods 9

152.30 2.70

Shale Intercalated vïith sandstone and siltstone layers 11

1 152.40 0.1 c 152.50

(Possible) volcanic ash

bed T3 yes

The lower layer Is white color. The middle layer 1 whlte-groenlsh, number 2 In RGB. The upper layer shows high presence of light greenish minerals, numbor 2 In RGB.. irregular and pinching upwards. Not possible to distinguished it becauseof the t>ad quality of the core.

This part of the core contains all kind of dlfferant features, for a better understanding of this features look et the graphs and photograpds. At the bottom there Is a characteristical white kind of crystallised feature vs^lch i. pinching out to tha right sido of the core. This white feature contain a lenticular shale inclusion and it Is overiyin on Ihe right part for shales. Abovo the shales, there Is a middle layer of whitish tDlhjrcalions wilh an angulatlrrg contact with the other layers. The upper laye contains green minerals and looks very weathered. This layer look different than Iho bontonlle layers but It react: wilh HCl. The core Is broken at the lower contact

Very difficult to , distinguish, protiably between fu - ml crumbly-unconsolidated and very weathered Diverse and different features. Maybe presence o a fracture or fault plane. The bed is to weathered to distinguish If It Is a volcanic ash.

This interval looks affected by probable hydrotermel features which look like white strips with ramifications. Presence of a green-gray weathered zone. Tho w h l t l ^ bad Is 3 o n thlkness while the very unconsdldalod and woalhorod bed Is 7 cm. Very bad quality of Üie core.

1S4.9C 2.5C

sandstone, siltstone Interbedded with shales 5

159.05 4 , l ï

Shale with few siltstone tc sandstona Intercalations 11 159.Dt 0.01^ 159.0 DifTorent litholofly 1 20 yes

whitish gray, number 31

GS In-egular Irregular

Presence ot bifurcating features and clast - day

(19)

« Depth at

the base Thickness # Volcanic

ash (depth at

tho top)

-Type Picture Sample

Color & Gradding o f

color Basal contact Top contact Sodlmontary Stnicturos, bedding & feature*

Grain slzo /

Texture Physical Stato Quostlon Marks Remarks

167.00 7.936

Shale wilh few silbtone lo sandstone Intercalations 11

172.21 5,21 Shale 8 yes dark gray ha rd/cru milly

Difficult to distinguish lhe presence of volcanic ashes or other features because the core bloks are coreved In most of Its area by transparent plastic bags.

172.24 0.027 172,21 Oifferant lithology 20

Gray-whitish feature,

number 3 In GS. inegular Irregular No description vfl l o v f i i crumbly Maybe a sandslone changing Into a concretion.

Different from bentonlles beds. Tho core is broken ttirough Ihls bed.

174.26 2.04 Shale 8 dark gray hard/crumbly

Difflcult to (flstlngulsh the presence of volcanic ashes or other features because the core bloks ara coreved In mosl of Its area tiy transparent plastic bags.

2 174.31 0.028 1 7 4 J 8

bed T3 yes

Two different color layers. The lower layer Is dark gray color, number 2 In GS. The upper layer Is while-greonlsh color,

number 11n RGB. irregular wavy and Irregular

This bed consist in two different layers. Presence of a dantrltlc patlam feaUre In the upper layer. This pattem follows an horizontal axes. Presence of elongated green minerals around tho axes. Presence of dark-gray color dantrltlc features. Thelowerlayor looks to bo of

concretinal typo. The upper layor la v f u l o fl. hard

TTtIs bed measures 2.8 cm thickness at the left side of the core and 2.7 cm at the right side. There aro two layera. Tho lower lay( measures 1,2 cm and the upper layer measures 1.6 cm thickness. The contact between the two layera Is flaky. 179.19 4.88 Shale 8 dark gray hard/crumbly

Difficull lo distinguish lhe presence of volcanic ashes or other features because the core bloks are coreved in most of ils area by transparent plastic bags.

179.22 0.03 179.19 Difforont lllhology 20 llght-modlum gray Irregular In-egular

This bed has a different lllhology than the shales on top and boUom.

This bed has a different lithology than tho shales on top and bottom.Maybe a sandstone changing Into a

concretion This bed Is less than 3 cm in thickness

182.71 3,49 Shale 8 dark gray hard/crumbly

Difflcult to distinguish the presence of volcanic ashes or other features because tho core bloka are coreved In mosl of Its area by transparent plastic bags. The percentage of sandslone Increases while approximating to Fan 2.5

3 182.73 0.028 182,71

bod T3 yes

the main matrix of the sample is whlle-greonlsh color, 1 in RGB. Different colors of the sample are explain in Ihe section Intemal features.

Irregular to wavy. The bed changes lo a higher depth since It reaches the fracture.

Two kind of contacts on top. Tho left pari correspond to a Irregular lo wavy contact vrtilie the dght part is wavy, showing wider and bigger waves.

The bed is divided Into two blocks by a littie vertical fracture. In the upper part of the left block there Is the presence of some greenish elongated features (minerals). These foaluras follow an axes, they aro parallel to IL In tho upper part, tho greenish features point to the rlght,dowards. Under the axe, the features point to the right upwards. In tho lower part of tho left block, there is the presence elongated and rounded black features (minerals or Inclusions). In tho upper part of the right blodc, there Is a think layer in daikor color lhan lhe rest of the matrix. Into this layer there is the presence of a light green mineral with a smile shape.

Layers with darker colors show coarser grains than the resL The lower part of the sample Is vfu grain size while tho

upper part is f u . _hart/crumbly

greenish features following a Horizontal axes, (kind of slump feature]

This bod pinches oul from (left to right of the core) 2.8 cm to 1 cm In thickness. This bed conslts of two layera. There Is a Utile vertical firactura cutting the sample In the middle, dividing the bed Into two blocks. This bed shows diverae features.

184,08 1,35 Shale 8 dark gray hard/crumbly

Difficull to dlsUngulsh the presence of volcanic ashes or other features because Ihe core bloka are coreved in most of its area by transparent plastic bags- The percentage of sandslone increases while appreidmaling to Fan 2,5 190,38 6.30

Sandslone intervals separated by shales 1 & 8

sst light gray and shales

dark gray hard/crumbly

Top of Fan 2.5. Sandslone Interval with short shaly cnjmbly bloks. This Interval looks affected by Hydrolennal features that are white strips with ramlflcatlons.

192,2 1,82

Shale with few slllstone to sandstone Intercalations 11 192.6 0,40

Sandstone to siltstone with few shale

Intercalations 5 medium to dark gray

Transitional tratwear sandlono and

shales. hard/crumbly Contact between base of Pan 2,5 and underlying shales. 193.31 0.71 Shale 8

4 192.630 0.028 193.31

bed T3 yes

The matrix Is gray-greenish color, number 3 n RGB. Presence of white bifurcating bands and a dark gray layer. Presence of white features which do not r e a d with HCI.

Tho core Is broken at the base contact

Flat to Irregular, difficult

to distinguish While bifurcating bands Into the gray-greenish matrtx. vfl

crumbly,

unconsolidated Possible fault plam JVhIte bifurcations (prabably flow features) 192.85 0.22 Shale 8 medium gray-green hard/crumbly Shaly sandy bloks put into a plastic bag.

(20)

Dopth at tho boso Thicknoss

K Volcanic aah

(dopth ot tho top)

Facies Zonal] o n

-Typo Picture Sample

Color & Gradding of

color Basal contact T o p contact Sedimentary Structures, boddlng & features

Grain size /

Toxlure Physical Slate Question Marks Remarks

5 192,87 0,017 193,61 Volcanic ash bed T l yes yes (sample 9]

Layer 11s light gray number 2 In GS. Layer 2 s greonlsh-gray 3 In RGB and It shovra the prosonce of black grains, .ayer 3 Is 3 in RGB and 8yer4 is white.

The core Is braken a l Ihe base contact and presence of some strlatlons.

n-egular. specially In tho canter

The bed has 4 layera. numbered from lop to bottom, ^ y e r 2 shows some ihin while bifurcating slrlngors of the same material as Iaysr4.

Tha grain size changes from ttie middle of tha bed

0 the edges,

.ayer 1 is vfu, laye: 2 l s f u , layer 3 Is vfl

0 vfu and layer 4

s m l .

hard but broken at the

base contad Possible fault plane

The thicknessess of the layers are: layer 1 {3mm), layer 2 (5 mm ayer 3 (4 mm] and layer 4 (3 mm). Toxlure similar to referenco sample.

194.41 1,54 Shale 6 medium grayijreon hard/crumbly Un Interval Into this shales is completely fragmented.

e 194,42 0.008 194,41

possible) volcanic ash

bed T3 yes

The lower layer Is daric gray. n u m b e r 4 l n GS. The upper layer b light gray, number 5 In GS. flat lo Inegular

the Cora Is broken at

hn top contact Wavy

lo Inegular.

The bed can be divided inlo two layera of different

colore. Presence of lenses or day Induslons. vfu hard/caimbly

This bed is 8mm thickness. Tho lower layer is 3mm wWlo tho upper layer Is 5 mm.

195,50 Shale 8 195.60

Sandstone to siltstone beds 2

196.51 2.09 Shale 8 medium gray-green hard/crumbly Un Interval Into this shales Is completely fragmented.

7 196.52 0.008 196,51

(Pos^ble) volcanic ash

bed T3 yes

The lower layer Is gray color, number 4 in GS. The upper layer Is white color and contains some very thin black bands.

irregular lo angulaling

the core Is broken at lhe top contacL Rat to Irregular.

The bed can be divided Into two layera. The lower layer Is gray color while the upper layer is white coior and contains some very thin black bands which extend all th way along Ihe horizontal plane. Between some of these black bands Ihere ara several S shape black features. These features can be possible microscopical deformation features.

The lower layer is vfl to vfu. Upper layor fu hard Presence of possible defonnalion compressional

features Difflcult to distinguish the grain size of the black bands. 197.00 Shale 8

200,70

Shale with Siltstone to sandstone beds 11

201.79 5.27 Shale 8 dark gray hard/cm mbly The core Is cut In vertical direction e 201.80 0.01 201,79

Gray color layer, numbor

6 In GS. irregular Irregular

Same toxlura everywhere, Preaance of white, gray and black grains. vfu

Presence of a tmst fault which had moved the right block up. The cora Is broken at lhe righl hand side of the fault 202,28 0.4B Shale 8 dark gray hard/crumbly The core Is cut in vertical direction

9 202.29 0,012 202,28 Volcanic ash bed T1 yes yes (sample 6)

The bottom layer is green color 3 in RGB. The upper layer Is light gray color 2 in GS with green stringers (3 In

RGB). wavy to irregular wavy

This bod is divided into two layara. The upper layar shows a whitlsh-gray colored matrix and greenish slrlngera having a bended S shape and pointing lo the upper right comer. These green stringera have the sam charaterlstic and grains such as the lower layer. They contain black minerals and some dark (maybe mud) Induslons or lenses. Presence of a Wade sinusoidal thin stringer parallel to the fracture in the middle of lhe bed.

The lower layer and the green stringera are vfu to

fil. The whl

tish-gray mafrix Is vfl. Possible slip plana

The green stringera are less than 1mm thick. Tho bed Is broken vBitlcally In the middle. Appearance of having cross lamination. Presence of possible vertical fractures.

207.98 5.69 Shale 8 yes dark gray hard/crumbly

The core le covered by a transparent platlcs bag. At the depth of 202.8 m tho is a kind of vory white bifunaUng feature of around 1 cm thidtness. At the depth of 202,97 mere Is a very vrtilte feature of 10 cm and It r e a d with HCl. Possible fault plane.

10 207.99 0.DD4 207,98

Tho color of the teü Is gray, number 2 In GS. Presence of greenish-gray minerals with black

Inclusions. irregular lo wavy Flat and slightly wavy

Presence of greonlsh-gray minerals with black induslons. vfu

harö- ralher

consolidated 4 mm bed.

208,39 0.40 Shale 8 middle to dark gray hard/crumbly The core Is covered by a transparent platlcs bag

11 208.41 0.028 209,39 Volcanic ash bed T l yes yea (semple 5}

This bod has so many different features lhal also have vaiious colors Look at the description o intemal features. The green color Is 4 in RGB and Ihe white-gray coior

Is 7 In GS. Irregular to wavy

The bed Is divided Into two main layera. The bottom layer Is divided Inlo two by a nonnal fault Jhe upper layer (left side of the core] contains at the lop some bbck strands Into a whlKsh-gray matrix. Presence of greenish bended stringera pointing horizontally and In different directions. Presence of black dentritic pattern feautures coming from an axes. Into a gray>whitish matrix. In the lower layer (left side of the cora) presence of greeninsh dentritic pattem feauturescoming from an axes. Into a gray> whitish matrix. Bellow IL there Is a green matrix with coaraer grain and presence of black grains. The iayer a l the righl side of the fault Is similar tc the one a l the botiom of the left side but It shows some while-gray Induslons of lenticular shape into a greenish matrix. There la a inegular minlfraclura through one of tha w h l l ^ r a y Induaiona.

Tho grain slzo of the green bottom layer is fl to fu. Tht black grains In the upper layor are vfu hard/crumbly

dentritic pattem leauture. (kind of slump feature)

This possible volcanic ash bod pinches out flrom left (2.8 cm) lo right aide (0.8 cm) of the core. Tho core Is broken where Iho ash bed Is located, dividing It Into hvo. Presence of a vsrllcal normal fault This bed has all Mnd of diverse feautures inslde.7he cora Is broken betwen the Iwo layera

208.65 0.2A Shale 8 middle to dark gray hard/crumbly

The core Is covered by a transparent platlcs bag. At the depth of 208.65 m there Is a white feature named with the lettier C. Indicating the presence of a fault plane.

219.26 10.5 208,65 Massive sandstone 1 light g r a y f l roon uniform Probably this sandstone consUtuIes Fan 2 . 80,13 tn Total length ot the analysed section